TIPOJOP MCJIAMA Y JYTOHMCTOUHY EBPOIY I TipunapHuuy nanvcnamu3ma, y crBapx HocHouM paToOopHor orpaHKa jemue MHOTOHANMOHAMHE BepcKe 3ajeqHHIe, y Kojoj ye He yupyxyje HcTAa HapoMHOCT, HcTOpHjcKe TpanMUMje, IpeTXOMHH Ky.TYpHH pa3BOj H je3HK HeTO Ha NpBOM MecTY PesMrHja, y CBOjMM TOOOXKHM Hay4HHM CHMCHMa H pyrHM mponaraHaHHM HacTy- Tuma onGauyjy TepMHH HcTaMuaauuja y KOpHcT nojMa MpuxBaraise McTama. THMe ce xohe pehw Kako je Hcmam M3Hay CBera H ja IpucTyNabe HcNaMy H 3a nojequaya ¥ 3a rpyne sHaH CBedaHH yaazak y Bue ccbepe yACKe CBECTH M OHOCA TIpeMa Bory. Onuera, cactas jeje BepovcnonecTH ¥Ma cBojy yHYTpaunby BpemHOCT, H OHA Moxke a 3ABMCH Of BPeMeHa H MecTa HeHOT HacTaHKa. Pasmepe H cHara jeqHOr noKpeta Takohe Mory fa cBeqoue O HHTEHSHTeTY OHE weje 1 one ocehajHocTH Koja nyncupajy y wuxonom jearpy. Mebyrum, cBe Te nojane umajy aHaaj Koja je TOTNYyHO pesaTHBaH: MHOTH CaBPeMCHH BEPCKH MOKPETH, KOjH Ce JaBlbajy y cpeqH- HaMa Hajpa3BHjennje UMBHIM3aLMje, Mory Ce CMaTpaTH HeO3OHsbHHM, GesBpeqHHM M, 3a OMMNITH MOpa, CaMO LITeTHHM, OK HeKa W3y3¢THO CTapa Npejarba (ecer 1 ican onor onesKa Huje pacnonarao BENHKKM Gpojem HayaHux pazoBa OCe6HO nocBeheHEX Trauma HcnaMusanuje, a jé MOpad HacTojaTH Aa oBy cIMKy Gap jeNHMM ,esOM CKNOUH MpeMa concrsennt ncriranamia. Tlocao My je Go ovexaH # 360r Tora MITO cy HeKH OR THX palona MICHA HeTHHexOr pasyMepaisa cTOpHjckHX Mpoueca H CTRApHe OOjeKTHBHOCTH, HEKH OR HX Yriase y THTaHA nenanarsauurje MOBPITHO HIM PparMenrapHo, a HeKH, Mak, OcTaBsbajy To CrpaHH Kpajene y KOjMMa je Gun0 Cp6a. ‘Bun.: M.Cnanh, Heurro o wamoj upkea OX TYPCKHM azageMjeM H 0 TOME UITO ce Bue Cpa norypimio y Bocun wero y CpOujx » Xepyerosuns, Ynacuax ACC, 1, 1947; J.H.Tommh, Tanax y xpem, Beorpan 1898; H. Kregevijakovie, Odakle su i sta su bili bosansko-hercegovacki muslimani?, Danica, Zagreb 1915; B. Uy6punopish, Fopexro mycmauicxor miemcTea y Boca Xepucroaunn, JVI, 1935: B. Ckapuh, iaperse ncnama y Bocas u Xepuerosun, Cajper, Capajeno 1939; M. Handzi¢. Islamizacija’ Bosne i Hercegovine i porijeklo bosansko-hercegovackih muslimana, Sarajevo 1940; ©. Ecbenauh, O ncnamusauuyja, Tajpet, Capajeso 1940; O. L, Barkan, Osmanii Imparator lugunda bir Iskan ve Kolonizasyon Metodu olarak Vakiflar ve Temalikler, Vakiflar Dergisi, Il, 1942; ucra, Osmanti Imparator lugunda bir Iskan ve Kolonizasyon Metodu olarak Sirginler, Iktisat Fakiltesi Mecmuasi, XI, 1-4, 1949-1950; A. Cononjes, Hecranax Gorymuncrea x ucaamnzaunje Bocue, Ponmunsax WIIBX 1, 1949; 5. Byphes, O yrauajy rypeke aagabune Ha paseuTaK nauux Hapona, Tonmuteax VJIBX Il, 1950; Ul. Kynmumh, Pasarparsa o nopujexay myemumana, 13M VII, 1952; A. Conosjes, Exrneckn nsgjeurraj XVII sujexa 0 Cocaxckum narapenuma, T3M VII, 1952; H. Inald%ik, Od Stefana Dugana do Osman- skog Carstva, POF II-IV, 1952-1953; ucra, Ottoman Methods of Conquest, Studio islamico II, Paris 1934; A.Hand3ié, O islamizaciji u sjeveroistoénoj Bosni u XV i XVI vijeku, POF XVI-XVIL 1966-1967; nctu, Etnicke promjene u sjevernoistoénoj Bosni i Posavini u XV u XVI vijeku, JIC 4, 1969, 23Gookjux 3anoBecTH) 4HHe OCHOBY He CaMO OHOF MOHalllarba KOME Ce CBaKO ypeheHo ApyuiTBo HenpekHAHO MpHsmarohaBa Hero M CyLITHHCKH cacTaB AyxoBHor Ouha ymyberor yoseka. Mcnam je Bemuka pemuruja. OH Ma cBOje KOpeHe H CBOjy Tpaquunjy Koja je y ny6oKHM KysITypHHM Hacnarama Bawckor KcTOKa; OH MocTaje OcBajaukM y 3aBMCHOCTH Off CBOjHX HOCHalla M HHXOBOr TyMayetba Kypana. Vicnam je Morao u3rnefaTH mpHpsiavaH MHOTHM CTaHOBHMUMMa jyroHcrouHe Espone y speme Typckor mpogopa x, noroTosy, Nocue ylacka Tor j\esa CTapor KOHTHHEeHTA y cactas Ocmanckor Llapersa. AnH, CBaKO lipHMaibe HOBe Bepe (Kao ¥ HjeonorHje) crBap je npunyye (6e3 O63Hpa Ha TO uITO ce npeoOpaheHHk, dak WY TpeHYTKy MpuxBaTaiba HOBHX yOeherba, Moxkjla Tako He oceha). IIpH Tome ce Mopazo JOromMTH a ce Mpehalrbe AyXOBHO Guhe NOTHCHE UITO AyOmeE y NOACBECT, omakae cy KacHuje 1312341 Ha NOBpLIMHY (peHOMeHH y BHIy OOHaBsbaHea HeKasa- LIX KYTOBa M OGpema, je3H4KHX HecyrNacHfa C HOBOM CpeqHHOM, peHarmallleHo PeBHOBAKe 3a Y3CTY Bepy HM HeHe cnomalue MaHMcecTaumje, OMpaza H, CBE OUNTNeAHMja, Mpa YCMepeHa MpOTHB HeKaqalleHx jeqHOBePHHKA H, NOX TAM TIpHTHCKOM, MeHbalbe CBOr [yXOBHOr cacTaBa. Busto je y TOMe npKOcHor ciaqO- ctpautha, csojcrBenor peneratuma KojM cy 3aKopaywuM Ha nyT MCTHHCKOr OTTIa- qHMuTBa. CynpoTHo Tome, 4 Koy NojequHalla H y rpymama, Gusto je oAcTynatba Of cpoje panuje Bepe, a 3aTHM M Of HApOAHOCTH, AYXHM ORPxKaBAaeM MpenasHor Ctatba MUMUKPHjOM, lO KOjOM ce NPHKPHBaIO OHO Crapo H NO KOjOM ce, MOHeKajl H HEOCETHO HM NOCTYNHO, MpHOmH2xKaBaO KapakTepHMM UpTaMa H HadHHy nonaulaiba CTBapHHX peHerata. Topey cBera ce, H TO y BeEMKOM Opojy, H3qBOjMIa W Nojapa ja ce y je3uky, HEKHM TpayMUNjama, ,e10BMMa MeHTasIMTeTa, y Pou- KsOpy H YMCTHOCTH, MpeBepeHO CTaHOBHHUITBO 3aNIp>kKH y CKONY eTHHUKE rpyne 3 KOje je MoTeKIO, ypkoc MehycoOHOM cynpotcTaBmary 360r ApyK4Hje TOH- TWuKe MpwnanHoctu. Y cBa opa crawa yia3ak ce, HMaK, OMMTpaBao y 3HaKy MpHHyne, bu3H4Ke H TIcHXOMOMIKe, Gap OHe Koja je crBopeHa ycnoBMMa jeqHor Ap:kaBHor CHcTeMa. Cxparawe 0 MpHHyAHoj] HcnamM3anuju y 3emama jyroncroune Espone we MO Ce NOTHCHYTH HHKAKBEM MpeyicTaBaMa 0 JOGPOBOJLHOM MpHXBaTalby MclaMa, waKO Cy CTBapH y NOjeAHHMM cnyyajeBuMa WoGujane TakaB w3rneq. Typcka je Guna wapcTBo yTeMeeHO Ha HCMaMcKOM 3aKoHy. Ona je Ouna Qp-kaBa MyCIMMaHa Kao NoBNautheHux NpHNaqHMka 3BaHW4He BepoHCnoBecTH. Y woj Huje 6uno Harnawene HauMoHamHe Togeme Meby mpanosepHuma, jep cy CBM cMaTpaHa HOCHOUMMa Mpeje jenHOr MyciMMaHCKor WapcTBa OcmaHosuha. Cp6u cy ux cae Ha3HBaiM TypuHMa, Maja cy Ce OHM Hajpapuje NoABORMAM NOM 3ajeqHH4KO 31-37; N. Filipovié, Napomene o islamizaciji u Bosni i Hercego VII, Centar za balkanoloska ispitivanja 5, 1967, 141-167; Pregled, sawp. 6poj, 1968; ucru, Osvrt na ANUBH XIII, Centar za balkanoloska is} vini u XV vijeku, Godisnjak ANUBH 967, 141-167; neta, Specificnosti islamizacije u Bosni, Pitanje islemizaciie na Balkanu pod Turcima, Godignjak x pitivanja 11, 1976; M. Coxonockn, Honammaayujara 80 Maxezomga 30 XV u XVI sex, Tipunosu MAHY, Osetenne 3a onurrecraen wayku, VIL, 1, 1976 (0 juy Mi ur, > Tae Maxcnounu nan. eT Tlannxpyuiena y »Maxexounja x Maxenonuy B mpoustome, Cone 1475 | y »Buropcku wayslio-KyatypHit co6upu«, Cxonje 1973, 335-333); N.Fllpovie, O jedaom aspektu Kolerace izmedu islamizacie s tiftlaccnjs, Prod iasieta 2s wore LORI siete eg lamizacia vlaha u Bosni i Hercegovini u XVi XVI vijeku, Radovi ANUBH LXXILI, Odjeljenje dru8tvenih nauka 22, 1983; - rodurane eene drattvenih nauks 22, 1983; A. 2Kenmskons, Pasnpocrpancine ha wessna ® 2a See ae Caen ex, Codun 1990; OcmanckH H30pH 34 opujenranucta, Cepus u3sopu, 2, BAH, Corpus 1990. BRSSOR. Nokguctsere. A. Benoa caTpymmat 24‘ocmanujcko HMe, jep cy Typuv y crBapH GWM HeBeMMK MasOa3HjcKM Hapon KOjH je ONMTpao FNaBHY ysIOTY NPHsTHKOM OcBajara TYbUX 3eMasba MH yupputhera wap- crsa. Cpoje MMe HOCHIM Cy M fase HapOsM WIM MeMeHa KOjM Cy HaceybaBann OrpanHyene pervoue ¢ TpaxMUMOHATHMM Ha3MBMMa, MoroTOBy aKO Cy HMasIM gajenHH4kO HMe, NopeKsO wv jesMK c xpuuthaHMMa McTor Kpaja HJIH Cy Ounn GyHTOBHHYKHX HakIOHOCTH, MehyTHM, cHara Ap>kaBHe Wycje, JeAHHCTBO ay\MHHH- cTpaunje, y Kojoj cy ApyrH jesnuM, ynopeo c TypcKHM, KOpHUheHH CAMO H3y3eTHO, W Hajny6sba NpoxeTocr 4WTaRor apcTBa BEPCKMM KapaKTepOM, omoryhapasin cy nojapy HeoGH4He MebycoGHe yjeqHa¥eHocTH CBHX MIpaBOBePHHX CysITAHOBUX NOWa~ nuka 6¢3 O63Mpa Ha paHHje eTHHYKO NOpeKno u pacy. JeAMHO Cy UPHUM, KO)M Cy GuM MHOTOGOUINA WIH Cy OCTaNH y NaraHcTBy, a JOBOheHH cy 43 nyOuna AcpuKe naj4euthe Kao po6se, HajpehMa OcTaBmaHH MO CTpaHH Of McMaMcKM ypeheHor mpyurtea Ocmanckor Llapersa. Xpwushann uv Jeppeju ycnoBuo cy TpIubeHH: YKOMKO cy naahann xapa4 4 Bnayanu ce no mponHcua KOjH Cy ce CAMO Ha FbHX OJHOCHIIM, ONH cy HMaNH MpaBo Ha cBOja Bepcka yOchersa M GOTOCAYXKeHe, CKNOHCHO Of ounjy # yulHjy npaBosepHUx, npaBo Ha cyf{CKy 3aUITHTY, OOABNaAke PAsHHX MOCTOBa M OrpaHHyeHo cruuawe HMoBHHe. Hexw of HX y30H3aNH cy Ce H M3QBajau cTwuyhw BHCOK yrneq, yrHuaj M GoraTcrao, amu cy ce ynpaso OHM, OmHCKH TYPCKHM BENUKOCTO|HHUMMA, NOYEBUIH Of CysTaHa, CTaTHO Hana3sHs1H Ha pyOoBHMa HeEMMNOCTH H HeOveKHBaHe noruGuje. CKupalbe riaBa OHMMa KOjM cy ce Hay Apyruma y3qw3anw Guo je ynosopere, JOBOHO YeCTO NOHaBmAHO, Ha HeBep- HMUKa paja MOpa OCTaTH MIpH 3eMJbH, Y KPYTY TATHO OKO He OMHCaHOM, CBECHa a jequno Ha Taj Ha¥HH Moxe oncTaTH y WapcTBy Koje mpunaga Apyroj BepH. (Tlosnactaue jaBaHe crpaHuuma, 3B. KamHTymanMje, Koje Cy YBEK MMame TOJH- THUKY OCHOBY, HarOBellTaBayle cy MocTeneHo napawe TypcKe y KonoHMjamHy aaBucHocT, aM cse 0 cpeauHe XIX Beka, a HH Tafa y NOTTYHOCTH, NpHTHCHA epponckux qBoposa M Biaza Ha [lopry fa ce 3alITHTe cynTaHOBH TORaHMIH xpuuthaxcke pepe HHCY 3HaTHHje NpoMeHINTH TpaBHH NomOxkaj H HecpehHo ocehare 2KMBOTA THX TOWaHHKa.) Haponu jyroucroune Eppone nanu cy nog Typcky Bnact Ha W3MaKy cpepiser bexa. JbyqH Te eM1Oxe, MOCTE HEKOMHKO BeKOBa TIPOBEAeHX y pasHHM BHOBHMA 3aBHCHOCTH, CTeKJIM Cy HaBMky Ha Opehex [pyuiTBeHH pan, yTBpheH 3aKOHHMa WIM, Gap, oGwuajeM, TaKO ya HM je Malby CMeTHY MpMuMHaBasa crporocr pexuMa, camo ako je 61a cramHa, Hero Kpuletbe yrspheHHx OMHOCa W HapyulaBaHe MHpHOr 2KMBOTA Y H3BECHOCTH, Ma KakBa OHA Ounla. Cemauke GyHe Oune cy ofroBop HACHJbEM Ha MIPeTPMybeHa HaCHsba KAKO OM Ce MOHOBO ycnocraBHo cTapu yo6ap pen. ¥ cBoM Kpyry, Hapog je cmaBvo pa3GojHMKe 36or Tora ITO cy MMamH CMenOGTH ha mpeby Ha Apyry crpavy rpaHHle 3aKOHa, y CTBApH Ja YAHHE OHO WTO OH, y3eT Y UeNMHH, y CBOjOj MpHsaroheHOCTH MHPHOM >kMBOTY H TIOHM3HOM Biaarby 110 Mponucuma, Huje umao xpaOpocTu fa yawn. Hapog je cMMuLLao HM npuxBatao Necme 0 pasGojHuumma, aM je, cem Kay cy y nMTaty Goxjaun, noTyKa4u, Kamyhepy CKMTHHUe, NpocjauM, ONCeHapH, TOOOHLM CTYAeHTH, CHTHM KpalybHBUH, yauu4apke H CBa OHA CO 3eMaJbCKa KOja Ce MHOXKHIa NO TepHcepHjcKHM YuMIaMa WIM OKO BEAMKHX Tpay{CKHX KaTeApala, BOCO fla NOCTOje MPOMMCH No KojHMa he ce torauara Rt Bponica HoT APC, 0 MUTE cane NE ersucrenunje, Koje je 43 BeKa y Bel TOTEM pS ILO fe ee eens ¥ aac ree wre He J y Bek KONHH10 THM Npe wTo je Espona nanpenopana Y M UITO Cy Ce HeMpeKHAHO OTBApaTM HOBM NyTeBH CHasaxKerba y -xmBory (Ha mpumep, ycney HanpeTKa rpagosa). 25Morao ce sHHHTH 2a cy y OcmaHckom Llapersy, noroTosy 3a HYKe ApyuiTBeHe caojese. CTBOpeHH ympaBO MOAHOULLHBHjH YCTOBM ONICTaHKa HETO y HEKMM jes10- BuMa jyroucroune Espone cpeaber Beka. AJMHHHCTpauyja je pasa Mop Hay30- POM CBaKy CTOMy 3€MJbe H CBAKOM NOjeqHHHUy NponMcuBasa Ay>KHOCTH M MpaBa. Nonoxaj nojeqHHHx rpyna craHOBHAUITBa MoraO je 6uTH HenoBowaH MIM Harna- meno nosnauther, a1H To, y Haveny, HHje Owia MocmeqMua 37e HH JOOpe BoE nNojeqMHalla, Hero jé NPOHCTHUANO 43 C0Ba 3aKOHA KOjH je MerbaH y 3aBHCHOCTH Of nloTpe6a 7pxase Kao WeMHHe. A TO Ce YBEK MOAHOCHIO KaO Beyba Hy2kAa WITH Kao MiocT, jep Ce y CBaKOM Cny4ajy 3Ha0 UITa CBaKOM nojeqMHuy WIM rpyn Basba 4HHHTH (HajH3pa3zHTHje y pucKamHHM OGaBe3aMa H OOaBsbalby Pa3sHHX cayk6n). Camano onuMa Ha Sanany, Haponie OyHe Guse cy ofroBop Ha Oe3zaKoHe. Cyncrso je Ow10 omBojeno of ApyrHx ycraHoBa HM HOCHMalla BsaCTH H mohu, c [loprom kao CyAOM HajBHIer MpH3HBa, TaKO fla je CBaKOM CyJITAHOBOM MOaHHKy Ovo crBopeH HyT go npasje. Buule og Tora, KONeKTHBHO OfTOBOpaH 3a H3BpUIeHbe OGaBesa KOje cy My ompehene 3akOHCKHM ypen6aMa, Hapon, je cae Bue CTHYJaO NpaBo Ha H3BECHe o6.1MKe yHYTpaume caMoympase, TaKO fla je y CBOjMM NOpomM4HHM sanpyrama, CemMMa WIM MaHMM O6naCTHMa 6HO CKNOHeH Of CyBHLHHX MoAMpa c TypuMma (koju cy BehuHy moct0Ba MorsH OGaBHTH C HerOBHM crapeummHama). Vi nope mpHBHHMX MpemHOCTH, CHCTeM yCNOCTaBsbeH y Ocmauckom Llapersy no je TeuKo noqHOULbHB 3a Xpuuthane. Moxa je y TOM WapcTBy, apykunje Hero Ha Sanany, 6w10 Matbe CaMOBOUSHOT NOHaUaba JeMasLCKHX rocnofapa, cbeynamaua H Bojcke, a GHH cy cBakakO pebH cnyvajeBu ycnocTaBaba NOCeOHHX 3aKOHa M peXHMa NPHHYHe Ha NojeqAHMM oMeHUMa. AnH, y Hapony je OHIO HeAOBOsHO NOAHOULbHBOr MHpa H WeTOBa cBaKMallHHNa Guna je OGenexeHa jeqHHO ‘Tprimeibem — nlojasa nloctaje 3aHMMJbMBA OTOTOBY Kaj ce y3Me y OO3HP KOITHKO je MaJIOM JoBeKy y MpouiocTH Mano TpeGano fa 6H ce HEKaKO OMpxaO Y XKHBOTY. Bes oGaupa Ha craneulky nogeny, Hapone je y xpuuthaHickom cpeTy THHMIa jeanricrenum sepa. TIpea Borom m mpea upKBOM cBx cy, Gap Hanarven, CHIH jennaxn. Y TOM Tlormeny TICHXONOWIKHX CMeTHbH Hije 610, H Bepa je, y CTBapH, Onna mpenycnos pyxoBHe yjeqHayeHOCTH CBHX MpHnaqHHKa jeqHor Hapona. Jepe- ‘THYKH NOKPeTH, aKo Cy H y3HMasIH LWMpe pasMepe, OHH Cy NponasHH, a HHXOBK NpunasHHUH, Kal 6H H ycTpajanH y cBOM yBeperby, yHanpey cy OMNM ONNYYHH Na orpne mporone. Togena sanaguor xpuuthacTsa Ha KaTONMYKH H MpOTecTaHTCKH jleo posena je No MHorux xKpTaBa OGocTpaHe HeTpleUBOCTH, H TO je Tpajano BALE og jeqHor croneha, am ce Hnak saBpumMia ycBajabem Hayesa © HYTpaLrbeM BEPCKOM yjefHa¥aBarby NojeAMHHX Ap:kaBa H KHelTaBa. TIporoHHMa cy H Aare octane w3NOxKeHE NojeqMHe cekTe, am je, Kay ce CTBap NOcmaTpa y WeNHHM, 3anagHM CBeT OHO y He3aqpxKHBOM Mmpouecy yOnaxkaBalba, CMalbuBalba H, Haj3all, ykujalba CTaneumkHX pa3iMka M ycnocTaBsbatba JMOepamHOr MHMBUAYAsM3Ma, NIpH uemy je Bepcka npumanHocT Guna HajMaa cmeTiba. [[pykunje pereno, noBe3a- HOCT IIpMMagHHKa TlojemHHHX CTarexKa HCTOM BEPOM Y BeTHKOj Mepu je HompuHema Murye3aBaHby yIIpaBo CTAeUIKHX pasHKa. Y Ocmaxcxom Lapersy, cynpoTHo ToMe, Bepa je Gua ocHoBa qpxaBHor 3aKOHa H, y CKNlay C THM, FlaBHH KPHTepHjyM MpHIMKOM Onpebuparba CTa/eWKHX pasnuxa, PexuM je Oxo TpnebHB Ao onpehene rpannue: Guo je, Gap y noveTKy, xpuuthaHa C Ha3HBOM, HMOBHHCKHM CTalbeM H BOjHHM O6aBe3aMa TypCKOr cnaxHje; ‘TpajHO Je yCBOjeHa ycTaHOBa HapoymHMXx CTapellMHa y CeIMMa, MaHbuM O6sacTHMa My IUIEMCHCKMM 3ajeqHHUaMa, Maja C TIpH3ByKOM HHNOMalTaBala M CBOheHba CBUX CBELITCHHX HUA Ha NoyjeAWako HH3aK HMBO M By/rapHO THTyMMCalbe, UPKBeHa 26xujepapxHja je, y3a CBe TO, nocrojana; noceGuy naxwy 3acnykyje HacTaHak w ycHlOH NaTpHUMjaTa MOCTOBHUX JbynH, Koj ce Hajnpe jabuo Meby Tpuyma, cpe TeLe OKYIUbCH OKO Tlopre m yMeulaH y KOCMONONHTCKe xpyrose Lapurpana, a 3aTHM HY DPyTMM KpajeBuMa WapcrBa. Ann, Ty ce ApyuiTBCHa secTBvua mpesa~ mana. C Mpyre cTpake 3janvo je orBopen Gesyar. Typcka je Ouna wapcTBo MyciMMala, H CaMO TIpey| HMA CTajaH Cy OTROpeHM NyTCBH Hampenopatea y Cy aHoBoj MuocTH. Bepckw 4HHMall 6mo je ToMMKo mpecyAaH Wa cy ce AO HajBALIHX 3parba MOTH TOMeTH GBM poGOBH, a HCTHHCKO MIEMCTBO mH je WeeHO 6e3 noce6Hux o6aBe3a, HH je y3HMaHO y pewoBe ApyTux gacny:KHUX 3BaHHYHHKA, ypopaHa WM paTHHKa, HH je, Kay Ou ce crano y3qu3aTH, MpocTO YyHMITaBaHo. Tlonoxaj xpuuthara noroTony ce Moxke pasyMeTH Kayl Ce HCTAKHE ‘yMEBeHHa Ja CY MyciHMaHH, HaKO cy Ap>kasH Typexy kao cBoje UapcTBO, H TO CBH, CBE no cynTana, GUM, y CYLITHHH, poOOBH Te Ap»aBe KAO OTEMOTBOPEH>a OHC niopyke Kojy je OF Bora fo6Ho mpopoK Myxamey. Csaxo Hamyurratbe wgeje wapcTBa maahano ce TyOsbebeM TaBe MIM MOBHOUIeHEM Ovo KakBe HajrpyOsbe Ka3He. Kam ne 6x Gusio Hacwyea, xpuuthanu cy ce, y CBOjHM BepcKHM 3ajeqHMuaMa, Ha caoj HayHH Mors MosHTH Bory 4, Gap HajckpoMHHje, BpLLATH CBOje OOPEAC. Cpe ocramo, yriaBHOM, Go je cBeT y KOjM HUCy MMaJIM mpuctyna. OKO Hux je 6u0 crerHyT OGpy4 Kojn Hx je OnBajao On jaBHOr 2kHBOTA HM 3ajp2KaBao HX Y nomoxajy cranHe noypehenocru. Moxna je Cp6uma, meby ApyrHm HapopHMa jyroHcTOuHe Expone, 6410 TO TaMHOBaHLe YTOMUKO TEXKE NOMHOULbMBO WTO Cy OHH, H3 cpenHer eka, HaCHenHNM MpencTaBy 0 GuMCKOj NoOBesaHOCTH, AKO He H jenmucTBy, Ap>kaBe m upkse, Kojmma cy nogjemmako mpwnaganH, Tako na cy, ¥ TypeKo}, MopanH ocehaTw myxoBHy pacnonyhenocT, y crBapH ja HM je meo myure ocrao y cTaby oGampnoctu. (BepopaTHo je y ToMe jena on y3poKa 2kHaBOr OAp»akba eNICKOT Tpemarba O HeKayaNibO} BEIMIMHH H CaBH Cp6a y apskaBa Hemawuha.) Y koopaH- HaTama jeHe em0xe, H OHMM HajlMpe pasMaKHYTHM, H OHM koje cy CacBHM TpuOmmxene npeymeTy mocMaTpakba, MOry Ce, ake, ycTaHOBHTH pa3i03H 360r KOjMX ce HcNaMM3alluja CMe y3eTH Kao MpHHyAHO w3a3BaH Mpoyec. Tpe6a OBOM MIpHAMKOM HMaTH y Buy jou! TPH nojase. 1. Kpajem cpemiser Beka, y BpeMe TyPCKOT mpogopa H ocsajarba jyroucroune Espone, BepcKo ocehatbe 6110 je najjaue uspaxeHo y AyXOBHOj CBaKMAAWEHUM Ha cTapoM KOHTHHeHTy 4 Ha BaWCKOM HCTOKY. Ogunoc mpema Bory 3ay3umao je cpeMultbe MECTO y CBHM IIMTabHMa M ORTOBOPHMa Koju cy o6ysHMauIM yM ¥ Cplle ‘Tajlaultber YoBeka. OH je Taj OMHOC H3paxkaBao MyHOM eMOTHBHOUIhy cBora HecTa- Gunnor Guha, oTKNaajyhu THMe cBojy 36yreHOCT, CBO] CTpax OA NpupowHHx TajHM, emeMeHTAapHHX HEMOTOMA H IbyACKe 3nohe, cBoje KanOcHo ocehalbe 2KHBOTA. Tye je Guo BeAMKHX AYXOBHHX MpenBOAHHKA, Kakas je, Ha MpuMep, Ovo cBeTH Cana y Cp6uju, ua je y BepcKOM KHBOTY OCTBApeH MOKpeT xpuuthaHcKe peHecaHce Hapoj je Mocrao pyxoBHO cpehex, 36nmxex y Xpucry, ynyhen y ucrmucKkn ‘ceMHcao ¥ cagpxaj cBoje BesaHocTH 3a UpKBY. Y Mpyrum KpajesuMa WM eTHM4YKHM rpy- Tama 6¥s10 je MOBPLIHOT BEpOBAlba, HeOBOILHO OpraHH3OBaHHX UIPKBEHHX 3aje- BuMua, ykopeweHHX jepeTHIKHX Hea, JOTMATCKOT CHHKPeTH3Ma, Hay>KMBEITHX Ocraraka cTapax peuHrHja, JbyACKe 36yHeHOCTH M KONEKTHBHOT MasoyMsba. Mucrauysam, pacnpocrpaisen Kao MOKpeT, Aes10Ba0 je MBOjaKO: NojeAMHUM HCTHH- kM O6fapeHu noGoxHOUhy OCTajaiH Cy OTMOPHH Nipeyl HCKYUIeEHMA, a OHM KOjH Ce, nospuian, Hcy Mors [yGJbe NPOXETH BEPOBAHbEM, MOHEKA CY 6e3 Behux qusema Ipena3wH Ha CTpaHy OHHX KOJM Cy HM HYJMIM CpeTHHja Ka3yHCTH4Ka pelea 27yopeKopor ofHoca mpema Bory. Bepcko ocehatbe, Kao TiaBHo je3rpo jyxosuor xuBOTa, MOTO je GUTH OHA OTHOpHa cHara Koja he ce cynpoTcTaBHTH Npoxopy vicmaMa; aJiM, Ha MHOTHM Me€CTHMAa MOpo3Ho, xpuushancrso Bunckor uctoxa M Ban- kava nponycrTuso je MMMy wcoaMa. 2. Huje 6e3 cBojHx yHyTpaulreHx Hecropa3yMa, CHHKPCTHCTHYKAX CTpaHny- ‘Taua 4 AyOoKor packoma 6HO HH HCaMCKH CBCT. Cyko6 cyHuTa 1 UIMKTAa Camo je rpy6a M MojemHOCTaBsbeHa CIHKA OHE pasnpoOseHocTH 360r Koje ce cBeT HcnamMa Moke yTOpemMTH C XpuuthaHcTBOM. MucTHUKH peAOBH, Koji cy ce CTaNHO YMHOxKa- Bas, 4ecTo cy GH Ha MBHUM OTNa_HMUITBA H MOcTajasiH, CYLITHHCKH, jepeTH4kn TOKpeTH, NoHekay 3axBaheHM YTHUajMMa HCTOUHOT WlaMaHH3Ma, @ TOHCKAA MPH- K7OHeHH xpuuthancrsy. As, HcnaM je 6H0, 4 10 Hajyewmhum TyMa4yelbHMa OCTaO, MMIMTAHTHa pesurHja Koja Ce LMpH MOcpeACTBOM Ap2KABa YTCMCIbCHHX Ha BCPCKOM 3axony. Og naga Llapurpana 1453, Harnaurenuje OTKAKO je Cenum I, ocsojusumnm 1517. Eranat, npeyzeo ynory W Ha3MB xanuee, normapapa KcNaMCKOr cBeTa, a CaCBHM H3pa3HKTO Of OCBajayKHX MopyxBaTa W yCnexa Cysejmana II y XVI sexy, Typcxa ce MpwMHaa ynore rmasHor HocKoya Gop6e 3a HcNaM HM 3a cTBaparbe yHuBep3anHor WapcrBa Koje he y OcHoBaMa CBora ypeberba HMaTH 3aKOHe MpoucTe- kne 3 cnopa # qyxa Kypana. OcmaHopwha cy of moyeTKa HacTynanH Kao 3aCTYNHMUM, 10 HHXOBOM MHULBeHy, MpaBOBepHOr CyHMTCKOT yuerba, BEOMa paTo6opHH y HaTypatby cBoje Bepe, Majla Cy, MPUNMKOM Npopopa y xpuurthancKe 3€Msbe, YMCJIM KOPHCTHTH KaO MpeTXOMHHUY paste MUCTHYKE PeyoBe a CBO|MM nponopesarsem 36yHe MpocT xpuuihaHckH NyK, MpHByKy Ta 3a cBoje TyMayerbe HORE Bepe, KOja je MHOTHM TlojeqMHOcTHMa Nogcehana Ha cTapy, M THMe ra mpunpeme 3a npwxpaTawe ucnama. Oxaj MpwTHcak Ha 3eMJbe jyroucroune Espone, cnposejeH y pa3HHM BamoBHMa, 6HO je cyBMUe CHaxKaH y nopeheny cpa3qpoOnexourhy TaMousHer xpauthaHcKor cBeTa ja Ce jou om mpse nojase Typaka Ha 6ankaHCKOM Ty He 64 OTBOPHO Mpouec KcnaMUsaUHje. 3. Tpunuxom ocsajawa jyroncroune Espone, Typum cy HekommKo nyTa, Y pa3MallMMa JOBObHO YECTHM fa OnjeuM MpeTxo_HE OuTKe He 6u Tpajanu yo NOTOwe, TaKO CTpaxOBHTO, NOHeKay M AO HCTpare nocneAHEr GojoBHuka, nopa- SMM HM HOTYKIH paske xpHuthaHicKe Bojcke Ma je TO Mopao eMOpasMcaTH H H36a- UMTH H3 CBAKe [YXOBHE PaBHOTexe Of Hallopa, NATH M CTPaxa MCUPNeHO CTaHOB- HHUITBO Kojé HM Ce Hallo Ha ymapy. Tpe6a jou y3eTu y o63up pyro Tpajatbe ope Haje3ye on O/M3y 1Ba Beka, LUTO 3HaYH la Ce BAUUE HapallTaja POAHIO M MPOUIO Kpo3 .KMBOT y YCNOBMMa He caMo HecpehHor ca3Halba ersucreHumje Hero, 4ecTO, H yxaca. Tlognerare Typuuma y MHoro Yemy OGenexaBano je, Talla, HCTOpHjcKH TT ceux Hapona Ha Bankany u y Manounju. Kay ce wcToun ocBaja4 nojaBHo Kao mpeT#ba, joul yBek O36MseHO HecxBaheua, cpnicka BojcKa My je 1371. msmuusta y cycpeT (a Heonpe3Ho u3rnuyna). Cro ocammeceT roquHa nocne Tora, Cp6u cy, kao TpacKe nocaye y yrapcKom yeny Banara, oMoryhWIM HCTOM OcBaja4y ja y3Me Ty 3emsby. OnwToj JeMopanH3aunju Typun cy Jonpunenu caTupyhu Henpujateme Ha PaTHUITy, aI H H3a3HBaHbeM HeYXBaTILMBUX CMYTHBH KOjMMa Cy 3aTeYeHO XpHLhak- CKO CTaHOBHHLITBO NOKYWABasIH ORBOJHTH Of CYLITHHE HbUXOBOr Guha. Y TOM KBa- perby H pasrpabupary fojakousbux ypen6u H TpaqHMunja, pH pylH Cy MM Ce HALIM MHOTH OTMAHHUM Of XpuuhaHcTBa, NOVeBLIK Of YMKLUJbeHO NpemyspHx pKa, Maya cy TaKBM s1exynH noMohHHuH Typaka Hajueuthe ocrajanu y crapoj BepH. Y 1YXxoB- HO} Henpecujx crBopexo je THe 3a pacnpocTupatbe HCnaMa. 28IL Hosy Bepy Mpamanu cy poopy ma 6M HM CKHHYsM CHHYMpe, paTHH 3apo6..e- HHH, Ha MYKe HM oryOmerwe ocyheHw, KMeTOBH y XesbH sla ce OCMOGOTE TWIHE 3aBMCHOCTH H MpeTepanHx flaBatba, MpHNayHHyH jepeTHYKMX NOKPeTa NOBpUHOT pepopatba H JlaGaBe UpKBeHe OpraHH3aunje, myn HMyhHHjH H Ha GOSKM TOT0Ka- jvMa KOjM, KaO CHTHA CeOcka BnacTena, KHe30BM M TPrOBUM, HHCY XTETH Aa Ce onpekty OApeheHHx Gnarojeru, 3aTHM npectynHuuH Koje je APYLITBO on6auK10, yxone, pa3HH NycTONOBH, GeckyhHHUM HakKTOWeHH CHaNaxkelby M0 CBaKY MeHy; HAJE Guo penak cay4aj fa, Moy yrHuajem KakBor cBor 3eMsbaKa, KOjH je, MpeBereH y WeylaM, AOCNEO JO BHCOKOr 3Batba y MapcTBy, xpHushaHcTBO HanycTe 4HTABa Cena Wi Make OGMACTH; HcuaM Ce WMpHo H Ycueq HanpeTKa rpagoBa, Hje Cy YapurMje npeTexXHO 3ay3MMaM TPrOBUH H 3aHaTINje MYCMMMaHCKe Bepe; EHTPasHe BIACTH HacemaBpane cy Ha Bamkany, Hajyewhe mpunyqHo, fa 6 ux THMe yKPOTHIIC, unTapa TuleMeHa, HIM MojenMHe Malbe rpyne, OOHYHO TypcKor mopekla, 43 Anajonuje 4 pyrax WcTOuHHX KpajeBa, YHMe Cy OMHOCH y BEPpCKOM cacTaBy CTaHOBHUUITBA NOHETe 3HaTHO MeHaHH y KOPHCT MYC/IMMaHa. Oromaricxo Lap- cTBO, KOje je y CBOjHM OCHOBaMa MMaNO BOjHY CHIY, BELITO CMHLLJbEH H CIPOBCACH ynpaBHH aflapaT M Ha CBe CTpaHe ecuKacHo pa3srpavat (pHcKasIHH CHCTEM, TOBPX cpera HC1aM KaO M3BOp 3aKOHOMaBCTBA, CaMO COGOM je 3HAYHIO MpHHyAy Wa ce panu Gomer oncranika, a noneKay{ m pay OAp»Kakba KHBOTA, MPHXBATH Hcs1aM KAO ipxasna sepa. Moxxna je HajuspasuTajm npuMep UcnaMugauje RaHaK y KPBH. ‘Ocmanosuh cy ca cBojMM 3BaHWYHHUMMa Bafa YapcTBOM, anh Cy MopamH GUTH 3aTOUHMUM Hyfeje Ha KOjoj je OHO MOUMBamO. TlocrajanK cy cyBMUIHH OHOTA yaca Kal 6M mpecranM ja TO 6e3 norosopa 4HHe. Typcka je Oua Apxasa cBemOhHMX H CaBpieHo OGmMKOBaHHX poGoBa. Buno je Meby ua cramemiKAX vi npocbecHoHasHHX MpeHOCTH, KOje cy Y3HMaHe y OO3HP NPHIHKKOM AONeHBarbA Wi cTulaiba TonoxKaja H 3Barba, am cy TMaBHe OMpyre yapcTBa cauMHbaBanH OHH KOjH cy, Of MaJIHX HOry, OOpazoBaHH 1a TO Oyay. Pa3HM NyTeBM BOMMJIK Cy MO BepHe cayx6e cyTaHy Kao IIpopoKOBOM HaMecHHKy Ha 3€MJbH, Mla cy Ce y TO} yO3H MOFIM M1OjaBHTH BPM CHHOBH MpOCNaBeHAX PaTHHKa M 3EMAJbCKHX rocnonapa, xpaOpv KpajMuHHUM, core koje 6u, yyehu y Menpecu, OTypusie KHbHTY, NloTMa- came ce opy2kjeM u jypHyzie y oj npoTMB HeBepHMka, xpuushalicka BaacTesa, mpawa WIM Na2kHa, KOja 64 Novena peBHOBATH TeK NOUITO Gu NpoMeHHa Bepy, ona6paHH paTHH 3apoOmeHHUM 3a KOje Gu ce ycTAHOBHNO Ra OX, NPHMHBII HcIaM, MorsH KOPHCTHTH WapcTBY, aM Cy, y cMeTy OBHX nojapa, rmaBHy Wy kKyuaBHuy cauMwapalM OMBIUK fevauH M MsajMhv, MOKyMbeHH [aHKOM y KPBH, a 3aTHM TOAWHaMa BacIMTaBaHH 3a HajBpCHHje jaHWYape, TenOxpaHHTeme, MBopaHe H BUCOKe YaCHHKe H JOCTOjaHCTBCHHKE. Y Ocmanckom Lapersy WavaK y KB ce y3HMao C MHOrO peanu3Ma y npoueHH KO cBe MOxe, a KO CBE H€ MOXKE MOCTATH HOCHJall HErOBe MOhH H CaBe, y CTBapH OM KaKpe ce cBe sbyscKe rpabe MOxe HCTECaTH wETOB Haj6omK po6. Ynopenro © THM, OTHMalbeM IbKXOBHX Haj6O/bHX CHHOBA, NOTYHSeHHM XpHUthaHHMa Hempe- Kujuo je HaHouleHa urTeTa, jep je CMarbMBaHa BpeqHOCT HMXOBOr yHyTpauiner cacrapa. Typum cy, Hajnpe, OMpam 3eMIby H HapoOy OMAKTe he npeve2xkHo OABO_MTH Reuake n Mstaquhe. BeposatHo cy TO 4HHMNH H ycney Tora LITO Cy 3a Te KpajeBe OF Panje MMaqH TIpHNPeMseHE OMHCe CTAHOBHMUITBA, CaYMHbeHe y TY CBPXy, aH WM abyne, 3BaHe jaja-Oaure, Koj Cy NOOpo NosHaBaH yNpaBO TaMOLIHe NpHAHKE WK ype; u3Becuuje je, MehyTMM, fa Cy YMeJIM pasIMKOBaTH Hapoye, HHXOB H3IIIEL, 29MeHTAJIHTeT H BpeMHOCT HHXOBE HCTOpHje, Ma cy HABNACTHTO M3 HajGoe cpenune. 4ecTO 6e3 O63Hpa Ha TO wITO cy je no sny naMTHIH, rpabuH Mnajex 3a cBojy cayx6y; OHNO je H TAKBUX OOsacTH, OH3y CpemMUTa WapcTBa, Te ce cBe CTaHOBHY- WITBO HeMpeKH]HO Hana3H10 y pasHHM Ciyx6aMa, Tako Ma je ofaTae OnBOheH Mann 6poj NoToHHX jaHHyapa H ABOpaHa, a GusO je HM KpajeBa rye Majka Huje 3anene- Kasia 3a OTETHM eTeTOM. Y KsacH4Hoj emoxH HcTOpuje Ocmancxor Llapcrsa, y XVI sexy, w3pasuro Hajpehu 6poj 3BaHMYHMKa M TenOXpaHUTea, Koju je HOBeJeH HaHKOM y KpBH, Guo je cpicKor nopekya; Mocme HX Cy Ce, Y pa3yMJbUBO MawbeM O6pojy, nojas4iu OHM Koju cy, 6e3 O63xpa Kora cy OMIM pola, Ha3HBaHH Ap6anacuma; Byrapa Meby Be3upuma Ge3masio Huje Gusto, a Ppun cy ce capcraBanu Meby TypKe MaxoM Kao pexeratu; Kpajem XVI u nowerkom XVII Beka, y OHOj MpasHHHK Koja je, 4HHM Ce, HacTasia nocne yOucTBa BenMKor BesHpa Mexmey-name Coxonosuha (on je 3a ceGe ropopuo ya je »noToMak fecnoTa Cp6uje«), jaBuso ce WM HEKONHKO Be3Hpa COBEHCKOT MopeKsa, KOjM cy ce, ycney Heke HeOOMGHE MHMHKpHje, a Moxa M 3aTO WTO je TO, Gap AeNMMM4HO, onroBapano HCTHHH, ornamasanu Kao XpBaTu. TIpeo6paxasatee jeqHHX y Apyre ye 3HaqHNO je OMyBeK Xa3apmepcKH Nocao. Typum cy ce Tpyqmu pa Ty Tpanccbopmauujy oGase kopuctehu To Gomu MaTepu- jan. Ox cy He caMo MOMHcuBaNH Hero M yxoqHNH Hapon, pacnopebyjyhu ra 3Hala4KH y pa3He KaTeropuje. Yonurre Bucy cakymbanH HW OMTOHMIH pyby. Maga HHCY MHOTO [[pKaTH AO CBOjHK WYNM TMeMeHUTOT MOpeKna, a HeKe sO3e cy WcKOpeHHsH 360r pefla y ApkaBH, TypuM cy sHanu Koje xpuuthaHcKe Kyhe, cBe nyOsbe nopyyene Meby Hapon, Npunagajy Biactenn, Gap oHoj HeKaqauHoj, ma Gu ce yBeK YCTpeMMJIM sla H Ty yrpaGe moHeKO peTe. Tloce6xo ux je MpuBayHAO TO Wa y3MMajy CBELUITeHHYKe CHHOBE, HIM MaHacTupcKe hake, Tako fa Cy Hx O3HAYaBanH y cBojum jlecprepuMa Kako Ou jeAHOr faHa H 110 HUX NOLL. YKOIMKO ce Hapon He 6u pa36exao, no cenMMa cy, yBeK yHanpey OGaBeuITeHH O NOjeqMHUM NOponMaMa, ynayanu y kyhe, nyro pasropapanu c poguTemuma u, yOebyjyhu ux ma ce He camo HbHXOBOM CHHY Hero H CBAMa bHMa Hy/IM HapeBa MHJIOCT H CBaka cpeha, 1axKJbUBO ommepananu Koje he yee, Kao Hajpaspujennje, yseru. OOwsHO jenMHe HHCY KynHaH jla Kyha H 3emsba He Ou 3amycrem. SaGemexeHo je ma cy cHpoTe MajKe H€KaKBOM OTPOBHOM TpaBoM OGeulexKaBale Telly, KAKO HX He OH ONBENH, 3HAaKOM kpera Ha deny, a Heke 64 # yOoramune. Typuu 6u ce, Hajyeuthe, Tek nog CTapocT JOMOTIH BHCOKHX 3Balba, NOCTABLIM Be3HPH H Malle, 3aTO LITO je HUXOBO OGpaz0Bakee, IpaheHo HenpecTaHHM nposBepa- BabeM, H3y3eTHO Ayro Tpajano. CynOuHa neyaka M Muanuha, koje cy y Jeapene w Llapurpag Hajueuthe onpoquau jeqHoM y YeTApH WK NeT roqmHa, Gusta je cacBHM HejeqHaka. Opa6panu cy, KaO HYOraHH, NocTajanM BacnMTaHMyM M MocnyTa y HeKoM Of capaja BeNMKOT majMulaxa, NpBUX Be3Hpa WapcTBa H ApyrHx BEHKOLO- crojumxa. Maabe, cna6uje u Tynapyje pacnopebhusanu cy no kyhama avayomcKHXx cemaka Ja TAMO ORpacTy, Ojadajy y MOCKHM NOCHOBHMa H, Ca OCHOBHHM MOjMO- BHMa HcaMa, Hayye TYpCKH. Y3eTH yjeqHO, cBH cy GUN NoOAMMaMaK jaHHyapcKe BOjcKe HM MOjeqMHHX HeHHX penosa (ayamuormanH). Janwyapu ce, Gap y NpBHM BeKOBHMA, HHCY MOTH %KCHHTH, KMBEIIM Cy 10 KacapHama H, Cny>Kehu cysTaHa Kao HeTOBa JIM4HA BOjCKa, OHA KOja HacTyna y Hajomy4HHjKM TpeHyuMMa GuTKe, Gun cy caMo poOe xPTBOBaHO 3apay OcTBapelba M OMpxatba jemHe HAeje- Cynranv cy 4x Ha3MBaIM CBOjHM CHHOBMMa H HeMWOcpyqHO WX TaMaHHNIM Kal OH, y Buy GyHe, MpoBamMo 13 HUX Gec KOjH cy MO Taya HOCH y cBOjoj MOACBECTH. 30T[pyraunjH 2KHBOT, AnH, CBOjMM KOHAYHHM CMHCIOM, HCTY cynOmHy MMasIH cy xpuushaHCKM CHHOBH KOjH Cy, MpepemeHH Ha HCIaM, OcTajanH KaO M&XKCBH TO capajuma. Pa3BpcraHH, mpema cnyx6u, No opajama, koje cy O3Ha4aBasme NyT HoHXOBOr HalipeyoBarea, OHH cy ce GpuHynM 3a Onehy cBor rocnomapa, Opujanm ra M MoycelamM MY HOKTe, OpxaBasiM HeTOBO Opyxje H HOCHIH ra Kay 6H ce w3ma3410 Y MOBOpUH, MOMaranu KyBapHMa HM OKO codpe, ONTa3HIM y JOB kao ulaqM MiceTapH H COKOMApH, panHsH Kao GamToBaHH ... To je Tpajao neueHHjy, a 4ecTO H Be, M 3a CBE TO BpeMe, y3 HereHeK, OHM cy, cenehH H HHWyhH ce MpeKpwNTeHHX HOT, YAHIIM HanaMer cBe: je3HKe, Ha MPBOM MCCTY aparickH H nlep- cujckn, KypaH, of Kopwua Jo Kopuua, H Mpyra cpeTa mpenara C KOMeHTapHMa, MeCHULITBO, HCTOPHjy, CBE OHO HHMe Ce, KAO 3HAILEM, omsmkyje 706ap MyCIMMaH. BajenHo c THM, NOHeKay{ H 10 W3HeMOTNOCTH, NPHBHKaBallM Cy HX Ha M3])pKJbHBOCT W YSWIH paTHHYKHM BewTHHama. Buna je To cypoBa WikKosa y Kojoj je Biayao cucrem HempectaHor ona6upatea, jep je BehuHa, Ha CTpMHHH Koja je Bonwa 10 yenexa, ycmlyT 3aoctajana M oTNaqama, Tako ya 6M ce MHOTH Hajzay, 3aqpkasn y KakBOj MalbOj BOpcKO] cay KOM HH Meby jaHW4apHMa, a CaMO Mas Opoj je 3na3HO Ha OHe MpommianKe Te cy ce YOOujana BUCOKA 3Balba, CBE HO Ha3HBa Bemukor Be3upa. IIpumukoM oBakBor ycilocTaBybarba xujepapxujckor pega, y3 HCTHHCKy BpewHOCT Mopazia je AOhH Wo HsparKaja 1 cBakojaka JIM4Ha CHaJIaKJbH- BocT nojequHana. Anu, wTO cy GHM OnmKe Bpxy, OMBLUM ayaMMOraHH, waBHO HeKaf JOBe7eCHH C pasHHX CTpaHa WapcTBa, CBE Bute cy OMIM H3I0%KCHH hyouMa Gesmusocue cyf6une. Ocrajanu cy jaHH¥apH, OHO UITO HM je M HaMeHeHo 7a, y cyurrunu, 6yny. Tecan Hy KOHaYaH OGHK ROBOheHH TORMHAMa, BESHpH M Maule MocTajaH Cy cry6oBH Wapcrsa, a CaB OHaj HayjasleKO pasMHOXCHH 6poj ABopana, TeoxpaHH- ‘Tesba H BOJHUKa pasMMYHTOF NOO%Xaja, yOTe H NMKa HeTOBH MPOCTPaHH TEMCIbH. Yseru Kao jenMHcTBeHa Nojapa, OWIH cy MOxX)Ja T1aBHH HOCHOUM MOTOR MCTaMH- szayuje. KouMue mpasoBepHHx mocrajaH cy H HHXOBH capaju, yKONMKO Cy HX, TocTaBuIM MOHHM, H OHH TlojM3anH. CBaKH yrvleAHHK MOHOCHO ce GpojeM HCaMCKHX yuewmaka Koje je OKO ce6e OKymbao fa 6 WMpHIK cBeTNOCT MpaBor 3aKOHa, BepoBaha HC HMMA CaracHOr MYAPOCOBIba. Benkallim cy BeMKH eo cBOor Gnara, 3a KOjMM cy Onlpena NOxysKO TpaMsWM, ynarain y sany>KOuHe (Baxype), 3anpaBo y OHe jaBHe rpabepwue, Moves On wamHja, Koje cy Gune cBuMa HaMeHeHe, 4 y MMarba Of KOjHXx cy Ce OHE M3ApP»KABANe (y cknany ca onpenGama, y Buy noBeba, Koje je MpomucuBao caM xTuTop). Muoru Kpajesa wapcrsa, HeaBHO OCBOjeHH H jour yBEK y Mpaky NorpellHOr BepoBalba H He3Harba, pacBeT- MIM cy ce HHWaHbeM OBHX rpayibH Kao no6oxHHXx jena. Tlopeq Soromoma, MocToBa, XaHOBa, KapaBaHCcapaja, aMaMa, YecaMa, MMapeTa y KOjMMa Cy xpaHHn CHpOTHIby, YCTaHOBbeHE Cy H MHOFe MEAPECE, MCMAMCKE TIKONE, C 6u6nM0TeKaMa ¥ 36upkama pyKonuca, y Kojuma cy cope, c japehum Gpaquuama, roquHama 10 uvTaB aH yUMNe, 3ajeqHMYKH cnapane, ommasue y o6nwxKIby yaMHjy Ha KNatbaie H MIpHMpeMale ce 3a BPe PeBHOCHHKE y pasHouleHy Myxameyosor yuerba u 3actynamy jemuHor 3akoHa. He 3a6opaBMBulM CBOj Kpaj, 43 Kora Cy HX MOBEJIH, a Y KOME CY MOTH MOCIYXKHTH KaO NOKA3 BEHYMHE Ocmaucxor Llapersa, MHOTH JOCTOjaHCTBeHUMM NOAH3ANM cy, 3a CBOje 3eMsake, KOpHcHe 3anyXGHHE H 4ecTo Wena cena NpeBonwHsn y HcnaM. Y TOM Morneny, MoceSHO ce, Kao MpHMep, wcraxao pon Coxonosuha, Koju je, Ha yeny c Mexmey-namiom, npeoOpaTHo y MycnwMaHe MHOra cela H Kaca6e ropmer Tlogpursa. Tocne Taksux nojapa, cakymubauH fjaHka y KPBA MMAJIM Cy, MOHere, Mae HaTe3alba C HapojoM. 31Sa6enexenn cy, y3 TO, cny4yajeBy fla Cy MycnUMaHCKe NopopMue NoTypane crojy meuy a M HMX OABey TaMo rye ce NocTaje BenMKaul. Ha BoM MecTy He CAMO NICHxONOF Hero H OGH4AH HCTOPHYAP, YKOHKO ce Gap Maslo OcNOGonHO Os1axKeHe jenHOCTaBHOCTH, MOpa NOCTaBHTH NMTalba: Hajnpe, ako nocTojH H HajMae Mpemonpehewe y pa3Bojy yoReKa Kao TesecHOr M AyXOBHOr Guha, KOAHKO H ITA Moxe On Hera OCTATH Nocne Ge3MepHo pyror yBexOaBarea, y3 BHWUECTPYK MpUTHCAK, ja MOCTaHe HeKO [pyro crBoperbe (HMMPeCHOHHpase ABOp- cKMM cjajeM H THYHOUIhy rocnomapa, y4elbe Koje CBOM CHaTOM, TOTOBO (pH3HUKH, NpuTHcKyje MO3aK, CaTHpalee y PaTHHYKHM BexGama H fereHeK); M fa 1H je MoryhHo, y3a cBe TO, OOpa30BaTH caBpuleHor po6a, MpenyulTenor CBeOmLUTO) HEMHIOCTH Kao TO6OXIbOj CyMOMHM, KOjH je HCTOBpeMeHO CHa2KHOF CacTaBa, BEOMa ynyhen y pa3Ha 3Hatba HM IiieMeHuTe BeUITHHE Koje je MpHxBaTHO ca McnaMoM, TloHekay noGoxkaH 6e3 HKaKBe Ja2KHOCTH, MOhaH Ha CBOM MonO2xajy, CHHO GoraT M OKPyXXeH CBAKHM 3a]OBOJLCTBOM? Tlojapa ocraje cox%eHa HM TOUITO ce y3Me y O63up YMHbeHMUA a Cy Ce YAK HNAK pasIHKOBAsM Y 3aBMCHOCTH Of BpeMeHA M ApyuiTBa Kojuma cy Mpanayann. 'Y nocmarpaisy jaauvapa, WcTopujcka TIcHxonorHja H HcropHja MenTanuTeTa y BenMKHM je TeuIkOhaMa sla Ou, y OHOMe UNTO je JbyAMMa 3ajenHM4KO, ycraHOBHsa i onmcana jenaH noce6ax cny4aj, H OGpaTHo. nM Kojx cy, y Typcxom Lapcray, omysex Gym HM cy NOcTasM MpaBoBepHH, TPajHO cy OcTajamM y TpaHMyaMa Koje 6m ce YcymWnH MpehH cacBHM M3y3eTHO: HM Kao W3qajHMUK HA Kao OOM4HH npe6e3v, OHH 6e3Mazo Hukaf HUCy HamyuITamH cBora rocriogapa MH OHY wllejy koja je Guna y ocHopama werose Moh. AKO Ou ce noGyHHAH, YUMHHM 64 TO yHanpen HOMMPeHH C THME fla HX, YKOJIHKO He 3aciy2ke MHJOCT, Mopa TOrOAATH HajTexka kasna, [Ippo npHMerHuje noxpurraparse MycnmMaHa 3aGenexeno je TeK mocne coma nog Beyom 1683. 4 6p3or ryOurka MHOrHX 3eMasba. Y xpuuthalicKom cpeTy, y MCTOj eNOXM, Be3aHOCT 3a WpxaBy Ona je MHorO saGaBHja. OcTaje, Kao Hecy- MHbMB, YTHCaK Ja je YapcTBo OcmaHosuha, cyurTMHoM cBor 3aKoHa jeqHHCTBEHO Y CBHM 3eMsbama Koje je, OrPOMHO, 3axBaTaO CBOjHM Mehama, OCTABAZIO Ha CBOje TojanuKe, Gap no ripen Kpaj XVI Bexa, yrTHcax TBOpGuHe Koja je He camo yHuBep3asiva Hero H HeHapyuiMmBa, HeocnopHa, Gorommana, ca3qaHa Kao TBP/MHba HajMalse JbyACKOM BOILOM, Koja je MojaM Hay MojMOBHMaA, jeqMHH MCTHHCKH Hacne- AHHK wapcersa Pomeja. Tojequnua u sbyqcke rpyne MornM cy ce HOCHTH ¢ HEBOaMa HM JOMHTH Ce, H3HyTpa, 360r NHTarba cBOje CBAKMAaLIHUUE, aM — Ma kya 3aKopa4uWsM — cTamHo cy ocehanu qa je, HeqaneKO npey HHMa, HcHpeyeH Henpema3aH 349. Moxkya je, yupaso 36or Tora, 4 HHxOB MeHTanHTeT Guo cacTa- BUbeH APYKuNje Hero KOM MomaHuKa OcTanHx Bnapapa. Buna je To noceGua Bpera >kaslOcHOr YOBeKa CBOr BpeMcHa. Januuapu cy, Ha CBO} HayHH, yMeuM ja UeHe cBOjy ysory HajuBputher jesrpa TypcKe BOjcke y paTy M HajOKpyTHHjHx M3BPUIMNala CBaKOr KpBaBOr Nocsa y MUPY. Onn cy ocehamu H 0 M3BeCHe Mepe pa3yMOM pa3sa3HaBalH 0 KOje Mepe cy Kao wbyM XKpTBoBaHH. 36or Tora cy ce payo Bpahanw u O6pahann ocTaumMa cpora Hekagaumer 6uha, wITO uM je GUO ONAKUIAHO 3ajeqHHYKHM XXHBOTOM Ca OHM CBOjHM 3€MJballMa C KOjHMa cy JenMNM UcTy cymOuny. Ha wHxOBa CxBaTaHba H pare YeNOBaNO je M TO WITO cy, Kay HHje OuNo pata, Hajyeuthe GopasHiH Y BeNHKHM KOCMONONMTCKHM cpeqMUITHMA Typcxe, noyesmm on Llapurpana, y kojuma je ysex Guno xpuuthanckwx HaceoGuna (HajBMlle cBeMy NpHaropeUBHX, anu y CBOMe npaBocnaBmy wMaK OTNOpHAX ['pKa), 3aTMM Pa3HMX MMCTHYKHX Penoba, TajHHx NponoBewHHKa, CTpaHHX yxona, crapwHapa, nycTonoBa HM, Y NPH- 32MeTHOM Gpojy, HMIMIOMaTCKHX MpencTaBHHKa, KOH3yNa H MpHBpeMeHHX eMHcapa, KojMMa Cy OHH aBaHH 3a crpaxky ¥ mpatiby. Januapa je, y3 TO, Ous10 Ha CBHM nytepuma TypcKe, Hajyeuthe Kao cKoporeya, Tako qa cy MOHeKax ROMMpasH umeby cBoje 3eMsbake. Y NOTOHHM BpeMeHHMa, Kajl cy Ce YMHOXKMIM, CTH3AIH Cy ga Oyay Nocana y nojenuHum ucTypeHuM TBphapama. [[poxanm cy Hx 3a no60xHe MYCIIMMAHE H CYJITAHOBE 3ATOUHHKE KOjH Cy TO y3eNH Ka0 CBOjy cynOuHy Of KOje ce w He NOMMULbajy ONBOjMTH. Anu, saTHyasH Cy HX KaKO FOBOpe HIM, 4aK, Mealy © OMBUIMM CplcKMM Bilajapua H jyHauMMa, a ONHcaHe cy M CHeHe Kall, ¥ HOM3eMIbY pywesuHa crapor Llapurpana, y3 mpunamené cpehe, usroBapajy »Oue Halll« uw »Boropopuue pjeso«, To cy HeKafla, Kao MpBo, MormM Hay4HTH. Y1asH0H Cy y MHCTHYKE peflOBe, y NOYeTKy H OHE KOjH cy, KAO jepeTHYKM, MPOTOHCHH, MoHeKay TAMO cnyuianH npontoBeAM YHje je yee MpoucxOnMNO ynopenlo M3 xpHuthaHcTsa 43 Hcnama. To je, mpe cBera, CBeEROUHIO O HUXOBOJ 30yHeHOCTH y MpencoGy McTHHCKOr McNaMa M Ha Mpary nyHe mpeqaHOcTH Hje)H OcmancKor Llapcrpa, ay HO HHXOBOM MYYHOM cHalaxkerby y ysI03H Koja HM je HaMeHeHa. Kao meroBH CHHOBH, jaHHyapH cy ce 6opuM 3a CBOra TocnoAapa, CaMO LITO Cy 3axTeBasIH fla AX OH 3a TO KaO CHHOBE H Harpayu. Ebuxose Gyxe 360r yceKpahene mate NOYMHaNe cy YeCTO Ha paTHUITy, a 3aBpulapane ce Ha WapurpaycKHM ynuuama. Ypianu cy npoTue Be3upa, ylapasH Ha HbuXOBE Capaje, TPaxKTH H noGu- janm wuxone rae. Busio je u cyataHa KojM cy, y GyHaMa, ryOWIH 2KHBOT WI Mpecto, Maja cy OHH, y TaKBHM HempwaHKama, Hajpajuje ocrajanM u3a KymHca ¥ nyuITanH pyre fa Mpocunawem pyKaTa cTmmajy ysaBpesy pysby M TaKO HM ca4ysajy yrney. Besupu Kojuma 6u ocrana Bact y pykaMa YeKasM Cy TpeHyTak fla OyHa ciuiacue, fa: ce jaHMuapH, opjemHOM onyurreHH, jaqHH H Cy3HH, XBaehH cyTaHa TloByKy y KacapHe, Ma fa 3aNouHe CMMUalbe, Hajlpe KonoBOha, a 3aTHM H OpyrMx, OKO HX. JaHHuapy Hucy OMIM WTO M puMcKH MpeTopHjaHuM. OHH cy 6uNH ToceGaH cnoj YAH O| Manena ogrojeH TaKO fa yay saTOUHMUM jeAHOr wapersa u jemHe upeje. Y noTMys10M crpaxy Of OGe3H4eHOCTH, OHH cy, 360F CBOje Malle Mare H jOL MaHbMx npaBa, 1M3aNH GyHe Koje cy NoTpecase NpecTOHMUy, a Kay, 6u ce CMMpHIH, HanyHHBIIM YecTo Bone OKO Llapurpana cBojHM JeMIeBHMa, MOCTO- jaucrseHo cy KopayanM ysmMuaMa mpeGoraTo omeBeHH HW HcKuhewu. Bum cy HajM3pa3MTHjH BH) HacMHe ucmaMM3aunje. Jep, Kako cy BeKOBM Mpona3Mun, janwuapcKn peg ce yMHOxaBaO H NO NpoBHHUMjama. M3Gerazajyhu nnahame nlopesa, MHOrH rpahaHH, noroToBy 3aHaTNuje, ynHCMBaNH Cy Ce, 3ajeHO ca CBOjUM cunosuMa, y Hebrepe Tor pena. To cy Bch OMIM MycnHMaHH Ge3 yHyTpaultsHx Ausema. Oj NoveTKa H3a3MBa4M Hepena, jaHMYapH Cy cBe BHIe NOcTajanu cMe- Tiba OWs10 KaKBMM IIpoMeHama Koje Ou Typcky mpHOmWKHe EBpOIICKHM y30puMa, cBe 10K Maxmya II 1826. nuje HapeqMo ONLITH NOKOsb, LIMPOM LapcTBa, OHHX Koje cy WETOBH Meu HeKay| Ha3HBAM CBO}MM CHHOBHMA. Y ecuacyma, no rpanosuma WKaca6ama, Huje BULUe Guno januuapa, ann je ocrano HemTO Of HMXOBE 3aTBOpeHO- TH y cBOj MeHTanMTeT. Kao mito cy janwuapH, uenypehu ce HeKay no Xwnoppomy, noKpeTanu co60M untae nyhax yoje, CBHNIe, Kp3Ha, Nepja, WTanoBa Of TpcKe OKHheHHX Mpanopuuma ¥ cpeGpom oKoBaHor Opy%ja, TAKO cy Ce Be3MpH, Malle M pasHM APyrH BUCOKK 3BaHMUHMUM, KOjM Cy, KAO M OHM, JOBENCHH y MsaOCTH aHKOM y KPBH, MOTH Okpy:kHTH ToueMHM GoraTcTBoM. manu cy capaje c noypyMuma ipersopenum [A eteorng cBoje uBopaHe, cnyre M ayaMHOrnake, npaTwy BenHKy Kao BOjcKa, pSpojne y cae bh jaunsane, sane BE OHO WTO jeAHOT BeMOXxY UHHH CHAHHM. 7 j Pa, %KHBOT HMM j€ 3aBHCHO Oy jeqHOr cynTaHOBOT MHA. 3 Meropyja cpnekor napona IVI. xasara 33Hbuxoso GoratcrBo, y KOje cy Ce yNMBANH MpHXOAH OA 3eMBC, PATHH Men, TOKMOHM H MHTO, 3a1OBOsbaBanO HM je CBE MPOXTeBE M CTABRANO MX y HMNpecuBan NeKOp, sTO je OnTOBapasO CTHITY BPEMEHA, az1H TO je CaMO TPUBNAHO GILAA THKORA nmosnia, jep OH, 1O TpaBHAy, W3a HHXOBE CMPTH, HOTOTOBY AKO OH MX cMaKnt, wpKaBHa pH3HHuUa CBe TO 3ameHHa y cBojy Kopuct. Moxa cy 36or Tora — KaKo 611 ce CTBOPHO jw! jenlaH TIcHXOMOLIKK NapamoKe y HCTOPHjH — 3ampawo TH IyAN Guat nesacHTO rpaGeXIMBH, OHM KOjM cy Meby MPBHMa YHEH NOAMHTISMBOCT Y UApeTBO Ocmantositha. Hopes Tora, cB cy, caTHpyhi ce MebycoGHO Ha TOM BP/ETHOM NYTY, XpaWIH Ka BHUIMM TOJOKajUMa M npwkemKMBamH Hecpehy OHOME “INje Cy MecTO xreny 2ay3eTM, MpeMfla cy CBM 3HAJM fa M YX YeKa cHMYaH ynec. THM jaMea- puMa Ha BHCOKHM Tlo702kajuMa jenBa je NOMA3HTO 3a PYKOM Aa HeKaKo OGeaGere Gyayhuoct cBoMe noToMerBy. C HaknoHomy ce TeaO Ha TO Aa OHM, YMECTO Aa ra pactypajy, cBOje NpHBpemeHo GoraTcTBO yaiarxy y nomMBarbe jaBHUX rpabepuna Kao sany:xOVHa, W OHM cy TO pawO “IHMUIM Open OCTANOT H Ca UWLIBEM Ja OH CBOjUM CHHOBMMa HaMCHWAH YMpaBIbawe BaKycPCKHM JOOPHMa H OGe36eRMIM HM Gap ckpoMaH oncranak. Tnegasm cy 1a Khepi, 0K HM je HEWITO OA PyKOM, Ha BpeMe pasynajy. Camo peTKH cy HMaIM TOMKO yTHYaja Ha 3a CBO} pon npxnpeme Tlosioxkaje MpHGmDKHe cBoMe yruzemy. OcTanO je a Ce jou OATOROPH Ha THNTAHe: 1a in je Typexa, sasonehw onakas cHcTem, GecroTpe6Ho ryGwna syne H pacumaa One MOTYHOCTH Koje CY OHM, HTaK, COGOM HYAWIH, HH je, HS MACE OHMX KOjM cy Ta NOW HEHY BACT, HEMMJOCPIHO H3BMA4HIa OHO UNTO jé XTEMA M KOANKO je xresia, a WTO je MOrNO OcTaTH Kao MIpHTajeHa cHara HesepHHKka? MebyTHm, 6e3 (OGsupa Ha onTOBOP, HapcTEO je pacnosarasio, H TO y BEMHKOM Gpojy, Mo crocobHo~ CTuMa pasHONMKUM H, YecTO, BPCHUM JYAMMA, Hy TOM je Gysa weroBa cHara, Y 7oj nojapn Hasa3uo ce, y3 TO, BHLIECTpyk ciuieT nyTeBa KOjHMa je npogupana vcnaMu3aunja. Vicropuvapn cy ¢ mpussykom ropaocra HeTHHaNH Kako cy ce wa TopTH, y cynTaHOBOM capajy M LIMPOKO OKO HX He CaMO YH HeTO M 3a CACTABIHarbe 3BaHMYHMX aKaTa KOPHCTHIM pa3HH jesHUM, Nope OCTaMHX, CaCBHM HaraulleHo, H cpnicku. Y mpecrouuum uapcTBa y KOMe Cy XHBENe WeCeTHHE HApONa, a y TOM Npapuy, NoHeKay H Ge3pa310%xHO, CTaNHO Ce ynpaBubala Maca CBETA, CCM TAKBe nojape HuurTa Apyro He a ce HM 3aMMcAMTH. AJM, YKOMMKO je H O4YBAO MOTE ca Gap HeKHM Of HMXOBHX ETHHYKUX OGerexja, je3HK je MOcTAO BaxkaH MACTPyMenT y pacnpoctupary vcama. Kan 64 qouiia roqMHa CaKymubaka aHKa y KPBH, TAN 6u ce TO Hajyeuthe OOaBHIO y HeKOj ON MpOBMHUMja WapcTBa, TakO Ma cy jeqHy renepauyjy naxesa OGMHO cauMBaBanH GUcKH 3eMaNH. OHM cy 3ajenNo pach, HaMeby cee roBOpHLTH CBOjHM jesHKOM, MPOGHjajyhH ce Ka BHILLMM ONO>KA- jMMa UITMTHIM jeqHH Apyre M Kao rpyna ce cykOOaBaM C NPeTXOWHOM WH MOTOIOM FreHepauyHjoM ApyKuvjer jesHka. Moka Kopene NpBux cpncKo-ap6ana- IIKHX cyko6a Tpe6a NOTpaxkHTH Meby ABOpaHHMa H NOCMYTOM No capajuma y Llapu- rpagy, Jeqpeny a Apyram cpenMulUM rpanopyma TypcKe. M To je octajano. TyOpopayKn noxamcapH cy c MHOrHM Be3upuma Tope nperopapan Ha cpncKoM; jesnow. OKO. COMK THK cYATaHOBMK CHYTY, ON MPOCTHS fannaapa RO npBor MMHMCTpa, HempectaHo cy ea oxympasn sin pohene udeinaee eo ene ‘GHNO weluen waice Gal y HHXOBM pohallM 4 3eMsbalH, KOjHMa HH] *LUKO Fi nyte y Llapurpan tpaxehn kakpy ycnyry 4H, MpocTo, pas Buberba; al, 4 TH 3BaHHYHMUK WapcTBa, noroToBy Kaq OH ce MasO y3AMIIH. Onna3HnK cy Meby cBoje, H Hajnpe Ha cBojy pon6i eave 3eMsbaKa, yTHHaTH fa Mpume ponOuHy, a 3aTHM M Ha WHpH Kpyt Ra Ipume uciaM M THME ce OcnOGoge NoApeheHocTH. Tako ce 34Hosa Bepa Pa3HOcHsa He CaMO yuerbeM Kypana Ha Hepa3yMJbHBOM Laney jeauky Hero MH TyMauyelbeM, MOyKaMa HM, W3Hay cpera, yOchunareen = ae = yomoponaua. Y MHOrHM KpajeBHMa Hajmpe je TIPHMaH vicia, y3 06aBe3) ye heme, a TeK NOTOM JbynH cy NocTajasmm MycIHMaHH KOjH, pas MONMTBC, SHAJY M3rOBOpHTH NOTpeGak Opoj cypa 43 Myxamenose KibHre OTKpoBetba. Tl Vicnamusauuja je y Typckoj Buaqana 70K je y #0j OHO Ha CHa mpaBHHu CHCTeM yreMemex Ha moce6Hoj BpCTH TeoKpaTcKHx Haxenla. AJM, W TOKOM XIX Bea, ‘oGenexkeHor HanlopyMa a ce [p>KaBa petpopMHLlC 110 CBPOTICKOM y30py, memaBaso ce Ja YHTaBe Tpye CTAHOBHULUTBA, 110 HEKOMHKO Cesta HII Mare o6sacra, mpeby na ucnam. [Ipwmke y Crapoj Cp6nju noxasyjy fa cy cpeacTBa mpuuyye, Onaka 36or cpe Beher Ge3Bnautha, u jase Gvsia y OCHOBaMa Te TIojaBe. ; Kao npouec ayror Tpajaa, ucnamusaunja je nywrana myOrH KOpeH, KOjH CC 3aTHM pacnawrao, y OHMM cpemMHaMa y KOjHMa OnpaHje HUje NocTOjana HPKBa kao MOhHa Opranv3auvja W rye Hapoa, Y NPeTXOJHHM BEKOBHMA, HHJe MMaO CBOjY xpuuthaniexy penecaucy. Hosy sepy c Mate yHyTpaumber OTHOpa puma Cy NojenMHUM KOjH cy XTesIM ja Ca4yBajy CBO} nlomo>xkaj WIM Cy OHM XKesbHM ycrexa, kao H yKa CHpoTMiba OcTaBeHa Ges Mloy3naHMjMX ApyuITBEHHX ypenaba M Ha BHI ONCTaHKa, Hero MyM y cpeheHHM MpHInKaMa. Tipuxparuenin ucnam, saan Gpoj I'pka qocrteo je NO BHCOKHX sBarba y CysITa~ nonoj cnyx6u. Mebyrm, cam Hapoy Hije Ovo 3axpahex mMOM MpenepaBara. Hactamsenn y cpenmunym oGnacrama wapersa, pun cy Ges cyMibe OWIH H31O2KEHH nopehaHoM TypcKOM IIpHTHCKy, aM Cy ce HCTORPeMeHO Hala3HJIM H MO HemIocpe- mHuM Hapsopom Lapurpancke natpujapumje « OxpuscKe apxvenucKonuje Kao crapux M Ha CBa NOMpyyja %KMBOTa M3y3eTHO YTHUajHHx ycraHoBa. Typyw cy nospurman sanocenaie Beher jena yrapcKHx 3eMama TeK cpequHoM XVI BeKa, TaKO fla Cy W TaMOLIHb€ MIEMCTBO H KaTONMYKA UPKBa H36erM NpeBenka OUITe- heiba; 3 nomMTHUKHX pasiora OcBajaX UMje OMeTaO UIMperLe MpoTecTaNTHaMa, Maga je H TO Morna OWTH CMeTIba HOCHOUMMa HicAaMcKor Mpogopa. Yrapcxa je eMMMYHO NOcTasa 3€Msba MyCIMMaHa 3axBasbyjyhu HacebaBalby, mpesoherby Ha HoBY Bepy MalbHX rpyfa CTaHOBHAUITBA, Pa3BATKY rpaycKe MPHBpEne, OCHMBAaY Baky¢pa c nopnautheHHM 2KHTeJbHMa Ha IbMXOBHM HMaIbHMa, YCIOcTaBbalby ympaBe. M crBapaiby KpajMuiTa, C MHOTHM MocayjaMa, UIMpOM 3eMsbe, NOYeBUIN Of CaBe ut [lynapa, a He camo y OGsacTuMa Koje cy Ove HaoMak OKOHHX xpHuthaHcKHXx Apxapa. Y yHyTpallbocTH Bankana, npHsinke cy of 3eMbe 0 3emybe Gue mpyra- uunje. ¥ Byrapexoj, onasak TYpcKix Meena MycnumaneKe Bepe Gro je y CTBapH, Mponyxelse BEKOBMMa Ayror CTpyjatba HCTOYHMX Hapopa Ka Banka ON KOjMx ce MeO YFONHO y cHOBEHCKO} MacH, NPYFH je, Maja NOKpILTeH, cayneo caoje eTHMIKO MMe, a TPehM je Ocpakyo OnnsaK Typumma. HIpesepasatwe npano, cnapnux Byrapa HHje y3e10 umMpe pasMepe CHrypHo H Ee eae Haun Hanoxe2 youe Tora WTO cy ce OHH aun waxoxtar wenocpeavior nexonaita Llapurpancke narpwjapuuje. To apa » KOjHMa Cy MOCHOBM ONMTvIeAHO HaNpenoBann, ynopeno c Byrapuma, [puma ¥ Lwayapama, jouw cy 10 M3paxkaja H MHOoru T; j > HOL : ypuu. ¥ Byrapcxoj c} exysoennonyjer penobena non oa ta cna, YB Js py. Meby HaCMMa, MCNaMM3allMja je Tpajaa HeKONMKO BeKOBa. Tlopen, sMaHOT we * 35Matha HemaMa, OCBaja4y H HeroBOj BepH OOMYHO cy, jenaH 3a Apyr4M, npuctynann nojeHHH poyoBH H TuleMeHa, 4MME cy CTHUANH nopsauthen mono0%aj y OnHOCy Ha o6mwxiy pajy. Mcnamusaunja je Onna ocHoBa ap6aHauiKor 3anocejatha Crape Cp6uje. Tipenackom Ha HC/aM, CPpMCKO CTAHOBHHIUTBO Kocopa u Metoxuje nownHano je MpuMaTH ap6aHaliKo HMe H je3HK, a 3aTHM 1 apyra axTpononouka oGenexja. Hochou ucnama Mehy ApGaHacuma un cy NpesCTaBHAUM p»xkaBHor anapata, BojcKa, TproBud H ganaTanje, a MO AYYKMM rpaqOBHMa, HapoyHTo, Tycapcke Apy*KHHe. ; Ha Teputopujx OxBue ppKaBe Hemaruha, NOTOTOBY Ha OHOM HCHOM ICIy KOjH je 6uo 3anocennyt Cp6uma, kacuija nemorpadpcka MoMepaiba OTKNOHHNA cy TpamMyMoHaHe MpeycTape O 3HaTHHjoj ucnamusauyju. Msy4eHn M3BOpH fajy CuHKy KOja je WIM CaCBHM HenoTiyHa HH 6e3 noTpeOHor yHyTpallltber KOHTHHYH- tera. Cp6uja je, y paTOBHMa, HeKONHKO NyTa ocTajana mycTa, M H3 He ce y Hajpehem 6pojy cKsarbalo MYCIMMAHCKO CTaHOBHMWTBO. Oy TpeHyTKa kaj TOuMEbe HenpekHHyTO Mamherbe, TypuH y TO} 3€MsbM yraBHOM Hcy NOTHUANH On momahwx Cp6a. Llapcrso Hemaruha je om Apyre nonopuHe XIV Beka unak Ocajano Ha ca6my, Ma je HecyMHHBO OHO OHHX Koj Cy paHje MPHMaNH wcuaM Hero ryOwiM rmaBy WIM Mayan y CyxaHCTBO. Typum cy jyxkHe oGnacTH Tor Waperea TeMeNHTO 3aNocefaTH He CAMO BO|CKOM, 3€M@JbCKOM YIIPaBOM M CyHt- CTBOM Hero H Hace/oaBaHbeM CBOJUX IW1eMeHMKA, JaBaHbeM BENMKHX JIeHa KpajHLHH- 1MMa H MOWH3aFbeM 3anyxXOnHa Koje Cy MMase 3HATHA HMalba H, MOceOHO, NOCTH- wane pa3Boj rpajloBa seBaHTCKOr THMIa, TAKO fla je CBE TO Kao CBOj BHJUbMB Tpar octapmano nosehaH 6poj MycnuMaHcKor >xHBba. Y wpxapu KHe3a Jlazapa HY cpricKoj HecnoTOBMHH GysIo je BpeMeHa Ja ce MpuOepy CHare, RYXOBHE Ha NPBOM MecTy, koje he 3Ha4#TH mpenpeky ucnamuzanyjH. Cynehu mpema TypcKHM TomH- cuMa, HOBHX MycnuMaHa Omio je, KacHHje, MpeTexkHO y rpatoBuma, Meby Tpros- Ma, 3aHaTIMjaMa, cTapeulMHama MojeqMHHX Maxasia, NOHeKay M Meby cpewiTeHny- KKM cHHoBuMa. Ilaule 4 GeroBy y3MMalIM Cy 3a CBOje TeMOXpaHHTesbe, HapeycHe Aemuje WM, CpckKM, 3aTOYHHH, OcOOHTe jyHake M3 OOMWKHHX MecTa, an M HaMepHHKe HejacHa Nopekna, H TH sys, MOHOC cBOra Toctiomapa, CTpauHa usrnefa 360r 3BepHbHX KOxa, Nepja HM CHHOr Opyxja, Koje cy HOcumM, Ge3mao PemoBHo cy npena3man Ha ucnam. [lox cy 3anoceganu CpOujy, a noroTosy nocne naga yecnoroBHHe 1459, Typu cy Benuku 6poj Cp6a cemaxa, Hajyeuthe crouapa, Mporsawabann BOjHHUMMa H KOPHCTWIH HX, 3ATO WTO je 3eMsba Gua Norpanw4Ha, Wy pary Hy MHpy, Hajyeuthe 3a pasue nomohne cayxGe. Y HakHay 34 TO, OBH BOJHMUM, 3BaHH BuACcH, Hcy Ov OnTepeheHH OHMM [axkOMHaMa KOje cy MpHna- jane cnaxnjama, Hero cy, jenHHO, Of CBaKe Kyhe AaBasM AyKaT Kao Xapay cysITAHY. Kan je rpannua Typexor Llapcrsa, kpajem TpueceTHXx H MOYeTKOM YeTpHEceTHX roma XVI bexa, ponepeha, Nose nome salah HBREKO Ope Cee) Hi mpesenenu cy y o cia i SE Eee aa MOR TARINCHEX: BAKA y Pajy, onTepeheny cBuM faBauMa (yKONHKO HHje npecesexa y Cnasonnjy). ¥ CpOnju ce y TAM roqMHaMa OceTHO NOKpeT HcnaMH3a- unje, jep ojakoulHH BnacH y ROGpom Opojy HHcy xTenM NpHcTaTH Ha nloropulawe cBor cTatba, Mla cy Ce MPHXBaTalbeM MyCIMMaHCKe Bepe Ha j[pyKUHjH HawHH usysenM M3 peqoBa cHporuwe paje. Ta nojapa je HapounTo mpuMeheHa KOA ag ai nmpBaka, peABOAHHKa GybyKa M YeTa, Na HM KOM CeOCKHX KHE30Ba. x oor yg eee} Kd Seb aya nan ¥ nol je nanpeananieg Ha HEOPOJLMBHM TaNacoM HiciaMH3allKje. TPHJaPWIHJCKH MpeCTO 3anycTeo cKOpo McTOBpeMeHO Kaji je HeCTaO 36apxane. Ove enlapxuje, 1bux HeKOMHKO ReceTHHA, Koje cy yalasHUTe y CACTA epnicke naTpHjapuinje, HacraBaute cy, ynpKOc CBEMY, CBOje eETOBAaHbe. Enapeu, a noroToBy MOHALITBO H MHPCKO CBELITEHCTBO, OHH Cy CKOpO CBH Cp6u. Mcropuuapy epricke mpaBocylaBHe UPKBe Gunn cy GuHCKH 3akbyuKy Aa je c onackom Typaka Ha nogpysiy Hehe naTpujapuinje yenocrassena jypucankunja ayroKerasHe Oxpua- cxe apxHenucKonnje. MspecHa orpannierba Koja 64 ce Mora cTaBHTH OBOM gakmy"ky cacTojaiia Gu ce y cneyehem: Hajmpe, mpessiact OXPHeKe amxnenHckO- nuje Huje Guna yBeqeHa OmjemHOM, jesIOM je Ousa camo HOMMHasIHa M TOBpuuHa, a nojeqMHM CprickM enapcu Gap MOBpemeHO cy ORGjamH na je MPHxBare: saree, OXPHACKH apXHemHCKONM, MCTH4yhH cBoje HasHBe, aK H TONMTHKOM KOjy CY BONWIM, YTIaBHOM cy GMsIM TpresHBH MpeMa CBEMy LITO je caumaBano nacnebe i cacTaB Cpmicke UpKBe (OBO Moxa H 360r Tora LITO CY onOujamu fa ce y noTnHyHO- cTM norumHe npesnactu LapurpaycKke narpujapuumje). Tako je cpricKa upkBa HacTaBwsia Gop6y 3a cBOjy MacrBy H, yMopeAO ¢ THM, 32 yenocraBy cBora He3aBM- cHor nonoxaja: ona je Mabe MemoBana y AyXy CBeTOCABIba M CBeTIMX Npepatba enoxe Hemarbuha; yrpaso y Bpeme HajayOme MopasHe KpH3¢ H HacylIpoT 3aKOH- CKHM CMeTHaMa TIOQHTHYT je 3HaTaH 6poj HOBHX MaHacTHpa, a OHM cTapH, CKIOHH nay, OOHaBIaHH Cy M MOHOBO >KHBONHCAHH; 0 pacnpocrpaHseHocTH M cHa3H jyxOBHOr xHBOTa Meby MpBHMa je ocTana fa cBenOuH TMHbeHHIA O OCHHMBalby MaHACTHPCKHX UITAMNapHja Pann WApersa Gorocny>KOEHHX KHbUTA- Cp6u cy ce, BeMKHM [[@OM, CYNMPOTCTaBMIH IWIHMH vcnaMu3zauje Kao MIpHTlaqHMuM UPKBC Koja je Hay Huma HacTanwna Operbe uy wajrexxum BpemeHMa. Je3rpo Cp6a y OHO} ¥bMXOBO}] 3€MJbH KOja HM je, TOKOM wcTopyje, HocTasa MaTH4Ha CTBPAHY0 Ce oKO npaBOCsaBsba, MpOXETOT HHXOBAM YXOM, OKO HbHXOBE HaBHKe [a Ce Bnajlajy 10 chojum ypenoana, cBe H3paauTiNje MATPHjapxanHHM, OKO YbHKOBE 3aBeTHE KOCOB” cke MHCIIK H MCTOpHjcKe CaMocBecTH YOMLITe. Y sanaauym Kpajenuma, y Bocua, Xepuerosunn, Jhuxu w Cranounj, Myc MaHCKH >KHBaJb CC YMHOXKHO Ha HEKO.HKO HauMHa: OOpa3s0BalbeM KpajHHe nacnpam Aycrpuje # Maetauxe PenyOnuKe; Hapnaverem MHOTO6pojHMx mpen- cTaBHHKa YIpaBHE H CyfCKe BACTH; CTBApaHbeM 3HaTHHX BOjHHX YNOpHTa, y CTa- PuM HOBHM TEphaBama, TO YHYTPallH.OCTH 3€MJbe, H PaSBHTKOM rpaycke mpH- Bpeye Koju je OYTO MOACTAKHYT ‘6nM3MHOM CTpaHor TpxkuUITa. PerKo je rye, 3aTHM, Kao y OBHM OG1aCTHMA, cemballITBO, yculefl BEKOBHE Gee, TOTOBO HarHibasio nIpuMalby WcaMa KaKO 6x My cMalbHi TepeTe. L[pkpene opranmsauuje, jenHa of MX TPay|MUMOHANHO MaHHXe|CKa, a mpyre Ha Nlepucpepyjm cpricKor MpaBocnaBsba MW KaTOmMuaHcTBa, Ouse cy CyBHUe cna6e, moTpecae MehycoOHMM cyKOOuMa i, Haj3aql, YTeMesbeHe Ha NOBPLUHOM BepOBary, a OH ce cHaxkHHje Onympme nposopy wcmaMa. Y Kpamesunu Bocun, Koja je »uianaTom« nana Typuama y pyke, HCTOUHH ocpajay HaMusao je Ha OCKYTHY TIpHposy, CApOMallIHe bye, 3eMaseCKe TOcTIOMAape orpesne y MebycoOuuama, HecpeheHe UpKBeHe NpWMKe M, YeCTO, NOBpUHa v 36ymeHa Bepcka ocehara. TIpoyop wcnama Morao je, Gap 3a TpeHyTak, H3rNe- HaTv kao yHOUeHe pea H cMMpuBalba y jenny Beh pasupo6seny 3emby. Moxa Hcy BepomocTojHe BECTH fla Ce CeMbAYKH NlyK Hije OAyTMpAO Typuya 3aTo WTO cy My OHH HY/MNIM MOAHOUUbHBH}C yenose %uBoTa. Anu, moce6Ho Kay je bocua yomasy, aon ie ¥SBECHO [1a CY MHOTH OMBLIM KMeTOBH IPHMHIIM HcNaM He oum peTe KOjH Cy HHAYe, Y HHXOBOj HCKOHCKO} Gen, H Mabe MMaIK ya ocrany npesenuku. Cesbata xpauthaHM u3apxaBanu cy cBor crraxnjy Aajyhi My, y3 pyro, ucnenyy, u44Hy WakOMHY y HOBLY KOjoM je 6uo onrepeheH He camo 37crapeumxa kyhe Beh ¥ CBH HcrOBH CHHOBH. Tloppx Tora, OHH cy Mahan H yH3jy, xapay cynTaky. Cesaun MycIMMaHM MopamH Cy MOMHOCHTH jenHHO HaxkOuny Ha yMawbe, 3BaHy pecm-# yHpr. Tlopem Tora, MycaMMaHH Cy HMaJIH ocehalbe xKKBOTa HeymopeqHBO CAOGOHHje OF xpuuthana: cpe je Guo HHXOBO, H Wap M WapcKH ApyMoBH, H Bepa H OoroMomBe carpabeHe Ha WcTaKHYTHM MeCTHMa, M Ap>KaBa vw ena MOM H CilaBa KOjMMa Huje CMenO OUTH rpaHMua; cBe ypemOe M ycTaHoBe Oune cy Hajnpe HHMa Mpwiarohene, mM Oap ce YHHHIO fla Hema Mpenpeka Ha HbMXOBOM TyTY 90 THYHOr ycnexa. Ynopeyo Ca ceyballMMa H FbHXOBHM TIpBallHMa, oHMMa KOjM cy Hajyeuthe HOCHIH Ha3HB KHe3a, HCiaM Cy MpHMaM OCTALIH TeM- cra, cBeiliTeHa JMUa Koja cy ryGusa NyTOKa3, aH He H xKerby Ma ce MpoOHjy 10 KaKBOr NOMOxaja, NOjeMHHUM KOjH Cy NPOMeHMBUIM Bepy Y3HMaLIH y 3ALITHTY CBOje ykyhane wim, nak, WIMpH pos, KyhHe cnyre H, noHajnpe, kyhHO poOme, Hajsay HcBH OHM, Mo CBE MHOFONYTHHjHM TpaOBHMa, KOjHMa ce HHje OcTajamo Ha py6opuma >xupoTa. CBeOnulITH npestazak xputuhaHcKHx jepeTHka MaHHXe]CKOT Yet Ha HiCTaM jenna je om OHMX cnMKa 43 paHHjMx BpemMeHa unje HCTHHCKe KOHType jour Hicy yrepbene; Kao wiTo nojapa, y BocHw, xaM3eBujckor AepBHLIKOT pena, YHje Je WicrloBefarbe TOGOxKe OCTaO Ha 3aMarbeHHM HM HepasroBeTHUM [pOCTOpHMa wameby yderba upKBe GocaHcKe HM 3aKOHa McnaMa, NpHnaya jeqMHO OHOj BpcTH Mpernocrapk y anje pasjauimbere Tek tpe6a yhu Ges onepehersa Koja cy cynporka Hayus. Tloqauv o mpesacky Ha HcyIaM MojeqMHala M YHTABHX Cella HWY ce M nocne yuBputhema jypHcaMKunje 3amaqHHx enapxuja cpricKe mpaBocmaBHe upkse, a 3aTHM H ocne OOHoBe Iehke narpujapummje (1557), Koja je nog cBojy RYXoBHY BHacT y3ena H Hajiictypenmja cplicKa Hacema y Bocuu, Caaponnj uw XpparcKoj; 3abohere pesloBHe KaTOMMUKe UPKBeHe ynpaBe y Bocum yaspcTuno je wene BepHuKe y onpeemery 3a Caery cronmuy y Pamy, am HH TO Hije BETO lO KOHAYHOr CMMpHBatba NOKpeTa HcnaMMsaunje. TypcKo Lapcrso je n3Haq cBera HacTojaso a BepcKH Ocnocobu Bocny Kao 3eMJby UCTypeHy TIpeMa HeEBePpHAYKHM apkaBama. 3a6enexen je BMCOK NpoueHaT npeBepabatba y Crapoj Pauikoj u McTOuHOj Xepuerosunn, u3Mehy Hosor Ta3apa, ropmer Togputsa u [ly6posunka, yak Wy mpejeny Manacrupa Muneurese, ynopuuira H pacawHHKa cpmickor CBeTOCaBIba. Y THM Kpajepuma wcnam cy NpHMana 4wTaBa cena, a Mpesasak y MYyCIMMaHe MecTo je MONMHbao THMe LITO 6H TO TIPBH YUHHMO ceocKH KHe3. TProBUM KOjH cy ROTOHUNH CTOKY H KapaBaHHMa JOMpeMasM CHPOBHHE y MPHMOpcKe rpayoBe BeNH- KHM [leJIOM Cy, Mocnejw HX eyeHHja XV u npBux peyeHuja XVI Bexa, y3em Apyry sepy. [To kaca6ama, 3aarnuje cy MaxoM Own HOMahH Jby/AK C MyCHUMAHCKMM wmeHuma. Typcka je # y OBOM cay4ajy Hacrojana ya o6e36eqM yHyTpalltbocT cTBapalba KpajMulTa, He CaMO BOjHOr Hero H Bepckor, HafOMaK MileTA4KO} rpaHHuy ¥ Mopy. CaM cpricki Hapon Oxo je y THM KpajeBMMa NonycT4BHjM 360r Tora LTO Ta Typun Hcy 3aTeKAM y 1p>KaBH 3aKOHOM cpeheHoj, HeTO Ha HeCHUM pyGOBHMa H, CApyre cTpahe, Ha NOCeAMMa BEYHTO 3aKPBIbEHHX OOCAHCKHX BEJIKKallla H MOMeTe- MHX NoTOMaKa xepuera CredaHa KojM cy M caMM noqmerann wcnaMy WIM ce Pactypanu mio ceety. napa OcHopa wcnaMMaauuje y 3emmu y Kojoj je HeKAl Hanucano Mupocnasmeso jepanhene u rye cy nowMBane MouITH ° a Cape Moxkia je wax Guna y MoryhHoctuMta na ce, 360r 6mHsHNe syka uM BenmKor Opoia Coon ee tOBH ca yerIexOM OGaBsbajy yNpKOC KPUeRHTOM aay M TpapgciieeH on oy ayer ana BORE Kapanane, Tpryjy w cTIDKY ene no MaeTaKa H AnKoIe. MIM CHOGORHHJK 3a CBaKy MO} , MOraM Ha W3EpxKe %*XHBOT. YKONUKO 6u OcTa. Portage tears earned uia Ha ceny, xpwutharicxa paja nije 38crmana nu na ce npexpann. ¥ Gusuioj apkasn xepyera on Cp. Cane 4 y OGNWKIbUM kpajesaMa ynopeo cy MuLIe HcnaMH3alMja 4 O6HOBa CpckOr NpaBociaByba NOK wucy Hocnese€ y CyMHMBY paBHoTexy. IV Vcnamusauuja je y jyroucrounoj Esponm 13a3pana nojapy HeKONNES NICHXO- qbusuaxux THnopa. Home cy oGojene mojeque eTHMYKe Tpyne. pomena HauuHa XKMBOTA YTHUasa je Ha H3TNef JeyH, a MPOMeHe y BEPOBalby, ocehatbama W MMLUbEHY FloBene cy 10 cTBapara Apykunjer MeHTANHTeTA. Hexkw cy noTnyHo W3TyOMIM CBO] paHHju nHK. Onn KojM cy ce 3anpoKaK Y CpeqHuHbHM oGnacruma WapeTBa, MOTOTOBy aKO cy HMaJIM KaKBY 3HaTHH)y cnyxk6y KIM MocaO, Hajripe cy noctamm joGpe Ocmatsuje, a 3aTHM Cy HHXOBM MOTOMUM KOHaHO YTOHY/H y Typcky cpeauuy. ApOaHacn cy Morin arpecHBHMje MpHCTYNHTH aCHMHsIalK)H CnOBeHCKOT CTaHOBHMIITBA TeK MOWITO cy MpHMHJIM HCNAM, Na Ta M CaMH MowesH pacnpocraparu. Ha nonpysjy Guaue Yrapcxe Kpamesune mycnmmann cy Own IbyMM pa3HMX paca H MOTHUAIIM Cy 43 pasHx Bepa. ‘Hbuxosa UMBHIM3auKja Tpajata je y Hatonnjxt pa Beka, a 3aTH je, y patosuma 1683-1739, cynehu Gap 110 OHOME To je cauHHaBano wEH BUILBHBA Heo, MOTMYHO Muryesma; Reo MyCNUMaHCKOr craHoBHuuirea Taya je noGujex, Behuna ce mopyKua y jyskHe KpajeBe, a Opoj OHHX KOjM Cy HaCHIHO MpeBeqeHH y KATONMYAHCTBO H3BECHO Je Behu Hero LITO ce TO Ha 3aKJby4HTH MpeMa fOcafallibHM MCMMTHBAHMA. Ha BenuKom mpoctpancTBy womeby JImKe, Ha sanany, u Meroxwje, Ha HcTOKy, o6pazopana je HeynopenuBo najpeha ¥ wajryutha arnoMepanuja MYCHMMaHCKOT 2KHBsba CHOBEHCKOF Mopeksia. Tlocne 1580. on KpajeBa cy yrmaBHoM yun y cacras Bocaxckor nauasyKa. To je ‘OHO Tue Ha KoMe ce C HajMaibe MpenpeKa MO2Xe NOCMaTPaTH NOTOHLH Pa3BOj OHHX KojM cy npwMama HeraM. Tipomexe y npsoj renepaunju MycamMana Guse cy HejeqHaKe, H OHe cy 3aBH- cue om y3pacta M ApyurTBeHOr NonOxKaja. Y Typcxoj kao HcmaMcKoj 3emsbv Goromosa je Mopano GuTH rae Tog je 6410 JBI, TaKO fla cy ce M CeOcka Haceyba MYCAMMaHa OOpasoBala y BUsy Maxana, OKYMbEHHX OKO Yamuje. Ty je xoua He CaMO MIpeABOAKO NpaBoBepHe y MONMTBH Bch je HuxoBy jleuy yyHO OHOM uITO TpeGa fa 3Ha CBaKM WOOap MycnMMaH. Jeya cy Mopama ja Ha jeqHOM HeOOMYHOM je3HKy 3amaMTe cTHxoBe 4HjH he cmMMcao HakHagHO noveTH fa pa3syMeBajy, M Taj HaykK Ce CTMLaO y MykKaMa KOje cy 3anamhene 3a ¥HTaB %MBOT. Of OHOTa UITO je Tafa YTeEMesbeHO KacHHje ce HHje HH cMem0, HM XTeN0 HATH Moro OApehu y KOpHcT Guno KakBor Apyraunjer casHarba WeKYCTBA, jep ce TO HOCHIO COGOM Y cKTONY cBoT Guha. Y MHorHM nloponwtaMa koje cy npuMume McnaM Hajnipe cy ela Novena HaNHKOBATH Ha MycnHMaxe. Hajpanuju v3sopx o HcnaMH3allHjd YecTO cBemoye fa je jenaH on Opahe, Mana Cy 2KHBE/H TIO HCTHM KPOBOM, OcTajao y CTapoj BepH; jou! MaHbe ce HacTojano Ha Mpepepanaiby 2keHa H Ha HHXOBOM ONPHUarby OM XPHIhaHCKHX OGpesla Koje cy OHe, vane ostanane. Buno je cena, 10 we camo y sa6avense mpegenuna, ee y By Za pone IM MX OCYHETHIM H MONHCANK KaO MyCAMMaHe, HacTa- TAH, Wa CY HeKH On jn (Gakonnna 4 Hapukama. HeseposatHo 3ey4n, ann je BOBR yupass, a iM Fase APKAH CBHHE 10 CBOJAM OGopuMa. HujeqHa * ypcka, HHJe OAMAX CTH3aNa fa MOA cBOj Haq30p y3Me CBE 39oGnuKe 2KHBOTAa H cab AYX NOTHMHeHOr Hapoga. Buno je xpuuthana, Ha npumep, KojM cy Kao OAPACHH JbyNM NpHMILIH HcnaM, Ma 3aTHM ONIa3MIM y CBET, OTYPMBLIN ce on kyhe, Kao TemoxpanHTemH HTH OGHTHH BOJHHUM NOjeIMHHX BENMOXxA, KojM cy HX C TOHOCOM COGOM BORWJIV, KOHe HM WaBalM, Opyxkje 3a HHX HCKMBaNH, onepasM ¥x H KuTHIH. M1 ynpaBo TH JLyAH, 3a KOje ce TBPAHINO fa cy Oe3yMHO Onan cBOMe HOBOM rocnowapy, 3aTHUIAHH cy KaKo ce Mone Bory u3ropapajyhn cpoje Hekagaunse MonuTse. [Ipenasita cratba y BepoBatby, oa Koja cy O6emexkaBana nyt OK ce H3 xpuuthancTBa onNaswsio y HcnaM, jOU cy y HCTOPHjH HepacBeTeHa, HATH Ce Of HasbUX HCTpaxuBakba, 360r OCKyAMUe y H3BOPHMa, MOTY OYEKMBATH Noy3ja- Huja carmefaBawa jeqHOr TakO cmoxKeHOr AyuleBHor Hepefa, an je noTnyHo CurypHo a cy Takba Tata mocTojana: y HHMa TpeGa YOUHTH jenHY OM OcHOBA Tlojemmuux jepeTwuKux noKpeTa y HcaaMy H, NoroToBy, oor chomKTOpa Kojx je cpojcTseH MycRMMaHCKOM craHosHuurrsy Bankana. Hexommko croTHHa ropwHa nocue Tora, Kpajem XIX # nowetkom XX Beka, nocmarpajyhu %HBOT ApGanaca ua Kocopy # y MeToxHjH, O¥eBMUM Cy Y HLHXOBOM MOHaUIary M 110 HHXOBUM kyhama mpeno3HaBsIM HECyMHbMBe TparOBe HUXOBE AOCKOpalllbe MPHNaAHOCTH Apy- roj BepH w Hapogy. Osora nyta, MebyTHM, MopeKsO ce 6pH2KsbHBO MpHKPHBAO MUMUKpHjOM, M CaMO ce IpHjaTesHMa of Hajpeher noweperba Noka3MBao oman ca CKIOH€HOM HKOHOM HM KaHWIOM. Bepa je y TypcKoj femHua syne Ha OHe KOjH cy TY PKaBy MpHMasu Kao cBOjy Ha Ove Koj cy je Y3HMamM Kao Tocnomapa cBera ITO HMajy CeM OHO Maso AYUIe. Beh oa nogena onpajana je nyTese OHHX KOjM Cy MpHMWTH HcmaM Of NyTeBa OHHX KOjM cy octajamm y xpauthancrsy. JeqHuma ce Gap YHHWIO fla MM je CBe JOCTyNHO, Apyru cy 3HamM fa ce Here Mopajy 3aycTaBuTH. Opa pa3muKa Ge3 cymHbe je yTHuaia Ha TO ja HOBM MyCIMMaHH Haby OnpaBsaibe 3a CBO) MOCTyMak H [Ja Ce jo upputhe Bexy 3a Typcxy. Ocehaise YacrH 3aBHcHMIO je y MPOULIMM BeEKOBHMAa On KOMMpOMHCHOr ca3Haia Jia je MYKHOCT BaxbaHo HcnyHeHa. TaMe ce MHOTO uITa Jano onpaBAaTH, OK ce NoTMys1a yHyTpauima Myka CnyuiTama y nopcBecT. Y MHpHHM BpeMeHMMa OHO pohayKO H OHO KOMUINjCKO CIyTaBaNM cy BepcKy HeTpnesupoct. Ompasa ce japuiia KacHuje, cacBHM MpHMeTHO Of Kpaja XVI BeKa, kaj ce paToBalbe, 360r ycnocTaBsbaba BOJHHX TpaHHya, CBE H3pa3HTHje Noveno CBOANTH Ha MebycoOHH OOpauya UpunaqHMKa vcTOr Hapona, KOjM je NOfemeH BepoM H [pkaBHHM Mehama. Jequu cy ruHysm 3a hecapa WH 3a ya, ApyrH 3a cymTana, a Kay Ce 3a HEUITO TMHe, OMpaBjlaibe Ce Ha1a3H Y CBOM BUTEIIKOM OMMalby oxwpoTa. [lyro cy HanMKoBaliu jeqHH Ha [pyre H MO2K)la Ce y OHOME LITO je CYLITHHCKO HMKajla HCY HH pasyqBojW1M: Ou cy O1MCKH M0 CBOjMM CXBaTaHbMMa M OcehaHbuMa 2KHBOTA, CMPTH H JbyOaBH; HHCY Ce yaJbHJIM HH’ NO CBOjMM MopasiHAM Ha30puMa, 4 Geamaulo Ha HCTH HaYHH LeEHWAIH Cy WaTy ped, ponOMHCKe’ Bese, JYACKK o6pa3 H TlOjaM BUUe Mabe; Ha CNOsALIHEe YTHCKe PearOBAsIM CY TOMMKO CHMYHO Kao [a ux HM Bepa Huje mojenuna. V1 jenHm u apyru Mann cy cBoje rycnape Koju cy © HHXOBHM 6ojeBuMa, MeryaHuMa “ NYCTONOBMHaMa NeBanM MCTHM je3HKOM H Y MCTOM CTHXY, CAMO UITO Cy CiaBHsIM Wpyre jyHake. HenpekwqHo yeToRare HAYTH paTOBH H3a3HBaNH Cy, MehyTHM, y3ajaMHy OcTpBseHOCT. Ja3 je MOcTajao cBe yOu ycney cBe Yeuther HallyullTalba BUTeLIKHX Haena Gopbe. MneTaykn xajayun xpaTasM Cy, Ha MpHMep, Hejay NO cenHMa H MpefaBanh ra TproBuuMa KOjH cy, Nowasum 43 Uranuje, vekasm Taj xanocHy nex 10 MIPMMOpckHM rpajoBuMa, H TO % ica cipal tee aKo oe Rosana y cTaise ojahenocru. HM nopen tora, HH jenua nH ne Gy cou Ome ‘Suno ” mayano Ha 1laMeT, HHKaja HM NOMMULaa Huje y urra Apyro Beh HcTH cBeT KOjx je NonemeH M3Meby {Ba rocnogapa 40w awe nepe. 36or Tora cy ce, HMM He GH OHIO pasora 3a OMpasy WIM GH ce YMHPOM 3€TBOPH0 KPBaBO KOJIO, mebycoOuo mocehusann, faBanH y3qapja 3a MOKJIOHE M CKananu NoGpatumcTsa. Vi cee ce, 3aTHM, NOHaBsbANO Lyra TPH WH ueTHPH BeKa, MOK HM TYHHHCKe BNACTH HMCy HATypHTe Apykuju Haun XKMBOTA w paropatea. Uam 6x cKnonuan c Typuuma mup, Msievann cy, y 3HaK HOOpe Bose, pacesbaBan OHE YCKOKe H XajayKe Koje cy Ho Tata ApKauH Ha TpaHMuy; Aycrpaja je pacnycrasa Bojxy Kpajuny nourro cy joj ce OTBOpHM NyTeBH Mponopa Ka jyroucroxy; Typcxa je osHaunna Kpaj crape BuTemmke Bocte KpBaBHM MOXOAOM Omep-nauie JTaraca, cpeaunom XIX Bexa. Yenen ponacka Typaka w npeHoulerha McnaMa Ha HeHO THe, jyroucrowna Expona je 3MeHnza cBoj HK. Asm, TO ce JOTORMNO Ha MpBoM MecTy 3axBazbyjyhH ycnony rpanckor xwpora. Kao ynpapiia # cyncka ynopHutTa, c BojHMM TlocanaMa 110 ‘TepauHaMa, TyPCKH WexepH HM KacaGe uMaK cy Hajpehma 6yjamm Kao Tpropauka W 3aHaTsMjcKa cpeqMUITa, Ynje je CPenLOBCKOBHO fe3rpO, YKONMKO ra je H 6uno, Hajuewhe 6p30 Murye310 y HOBHM M CacBHM ApyrauHjuM oOsMUMMAa rpancKOr 2kuBoTa. Fpexo rpasosa jyroucrouna Epona yuuia je y cibepy eBaHTcKe WMBHIM- 3auluje HTHMe Ce TO CBOM RYXY H H3TNeny MpAGMOKHIa 3emMsbaMa BuMCKOr HCTOKA. Y ochopama Te UMBHNH3allHje, Noper ocTaTaka OHOr WTO ce, y BAY ONUITer NOjMa, Ha3HBa BA3@HTH|CKHM, a LITO je H3BECHO 3aueTO Y KYJITYPHOM CHHKPeTH3My Xcre- HUCTHYKOr 106a, Hana3vo ce, HMaK, HCaM KaO CkKyM BepCKHX, IpaBHHX, MOpaJi- HMX HM CCTCTCKHX MIpeTNOCTaBKH CBaKMpallHer XMBOTA, HeTOBOT CTHIIa, Ayxa w ykyca. I'pacKo craHoBHMuTsO je, 3ajeqHO Ca MCNaMOM, MpHMalo M CTOballH VSTse HETOBHX HOCHIalla, HMXOBO NOHAUawe, ApyuITBeHa HayeNa, Ha HapOuMT HAYHH H3paxKeHy ceHsHOWTHOCT H MpeTeXHO HUMA CBOjcTBeHE perbreKce. AKO ce TpHMawe WcnaMa y3Me He CaMO KaO MpuxBaTalbe jemHor BepcKOr yuerba Hero M KaO ypacTalbe, WYHO H 3ajeqHHYKO, y CKOM jenHe NoceOve UMBHTH3aLHje, carmacHo MeHTasuTeTy HEHHX IpHManHHka, y jyroucrouxoj Esponu, mpe cBera Ha Baskany, To ce Haju3pa3uTHje JOroqHNO y rpay[cKHM cpeqHHaMa KOje cy yriaBHOM W HacTane nocae TypcKor OcBajarba. Cnaxuje M cesauM ocTamM cy OnwKH OHOj cpeqMHM ¥3 Koje cy NOHMKIM. 41