iene WO 23F 8.2812 Cds tf. “THete inal. — compl ented Wh. 7 Subjed F “Rplebion” = ¥ Rees of Televe epulaction. Céngud Saves. — a Sample. 3 we the anst - OPChapter 1 Statistics: The Art and Science of Learning from Data 1.1 How Can You Investigate Using Data? What Is Statistics? -designing studies, analyzing the data, and translating data into knowledge and un. derstanding of the world around us. Why Uso Statistical Methods? * Désign - plan how to obtain the data. * Description - summarize the data with graphs and numerical summaries, ¢-Inference - using data from a random and representative sample to draw conclu- sions about the population of interest. 1.2 We Learn about Populations using Samples ‘The are some definitions we need to remember and be able to identify in a study or an experiment, Subjects - persons, animals, or objects in our study / experiment. Variables - the characteristics that we measure on each subject. We call them variables because they ean take on different values for each individual.8-22 2CHAPTER 1. STATISTICS: THE ART AND SCIENCE OF LEARNING FROM DATA “P- Population - all subjects of interest Sample - subjects for whom we have data. Random Sampling - each member of the population has the same chance of being included in the sample, Random samples tend to be representative of the popula- tion, so we can draw better conclusions about it. Parameters - numerical summary of the population. Statistics - numerical summary of the sample Example 1: Internet sites report that about, 13% of Americans are left-handed. 1s this true for students at your university? During a statistics exam, the instructor walks around the room and counts 15 left-handed students out of 98 students in the class, Identify the following: a. Subject: studeaty tw the clase e Variable: Leg¢t~ handedness © Population: Awericans «Sample: 98 Gpuckewts in the class. «Parameter [30 Cote grven>. * Statistic: ed 15.3%. Baample 2: A viologist was studying yellow fin snapper in the Bahamas. He mea sured the weight and length from 20 fish. He found the fish in the sample to be on average 12 inches long and dibs. Identify the following: @ Subject: “¢% [letail Variable: Length * wt. # Population: Yettow Tals fn Bohamas- +Sample: 24 Ssh, + Porameta: UNK.1.2. WE LEARN ABOUT POPULATIONS USING SAMPLES 3 % : £2812 + Statistic: [2 tiv (ong $ 4 Ibs. 8 at Chapter 1 A: