Tuyen Tap 100 Bai He Phuong Trinh LTDH Nam Hoc 2014 2015

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TUYN TP 100 H PHNG TRNH LTH NM HC 2014-2015

NHM GIO VIN THC HIN
1) PHM VN QU
2) NGUYN VIT THANH
3) DON TIN DNG
N V CNG TC: TRNG THPT HNG VNG, TX NG XOI, TNH BNH PHC

Bi 1 Gii h phng trnh:
2
3
12 (12 ) 12 (1)
8 1 2 2 (2)
x y y x
x x y
'
1
= 1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
(x, y e R) (H khi A 2014)
Gii
iu kin :
2
2 12
12 0
y
x
'
1 _ _
1
1
!
1 _
1
1+

2 12
2 3 2 3
y
x
'
1 _ _
1
1
!
1
_ _
1
1+

Cch 1:
t
2
12 , 0 12 y a y a a _ = = =
PT (1)
2 2
(12 )(12 ) 12 xa a x = =

2 2 2 2 2
12 12 12 12 x a x a xa =

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
12
12 12 12 12 2.12.
xa
x a x a xa x a
'
1 _
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

2 2
12
12 2.12 12 0
xa
x xa a
'
1 _
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

2
12
( ) 0
xa
x a
'
1 _
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

Ta c (x a)
2
= 0 x = 12 y (*)
Th (*) vo (2) c : (12 ) 12 8 12 1 2 2 y y y y =
(4 ) 12 2 2 1 y y y =
(3 ) 12 12 3 2 2 2 0 y y y y =

3 2(3 )
(3 ) 12 0
12 3 1 2
y y
y y
y y

=

3
1 2
12 0(vo nghiem)
12 3 1 2
y
y
y y

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Vy
3
3
x
y
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+

Cch 2:
Ta c
( )( )
2 2 2
12 (12 ) 12 12 12 x y x y x x y y _ =
Du = xy ra
2
12
12
y x
y y
= =

2
(12 )(12 ) x y y x = = (3)
Khi (1) tng ng vi (3)
(3)
2 2 2 2 2
0 0 0
144 12 12 12 144 12 12 (4)
x x x
x y x y x y y x y x
' ' '
1 1 1 _ _ _
1 1 1
1 1 1
= = =
! ! !
1 1 1 = = =
1 1 1
1 1 1 + + +

Th (4) vo (2) ta c
3 2 3 2
(2) 8 1 2 10 8 1 2 10 0 x x x x x x = = = =
( )
3 2
8 3 2 1 10 0 x x x = =
( )( )
2
2
2
1 (10 )
3 3 1 2. 0
1 10
x
x x x
x

= =

( )( )
2
2
2
9
3 3 1 2. 0
1 10
x
x x x
x
= =

( )
2
2
2( 3)
3 3 1 0
1 10
x
x x x
x
l
l
= =
l
l
l

2
2
3
2( 3)
3 1 0 (vo nghiem v x 0)
1 10
x
x
x x
x
= _

3 3 x y = = = =
Vy
3
3
x
y
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+

Cch 3:
t
( ) ( )

2
; 12 ; 12 ; a x x b y y = =

12 a b = =
(1)

2 2
2 . a b a b = =

a b = = 12 x y = =
(2)
3 2
8 3 2 10 2 x x x = =
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( )( )
( )( )
2
2
3 3
3 3 1 2
10 1
x x
x x x
x

= =

3 x y = = =
( )
( )
( )
2 2
3 1 10 1 2 3 0 x x x x =
t
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 2
3 1 10 1 2 3 f x x x x x =
( )
' 0 0 f x x < \ =phng trnh v nghim.
Vy nghim ca hpt trn: (3;3)

2
(1 ) 2 ( 1)
2 3 6 1 2 2 4 5 3
y x y x x y y
y x y x y x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

(H khi B 2014)
Gii
iu kin:
0
2
4 5 3
y
x y
x y
'
1
_
1
1
1
_
!
1
1
_ 1
1
+

Phng trnh th nht vit li thnh

(1 ) (1 ) ( 1) ( 1)
1
(1 )(x y 1) 1
( 1)
1
1 1
y x y y x y x y y
y
y y
x y
x y
x y y
=
=

= = =

TH1 : 1 y = thay xung (2) ta c
9 3 2 2 4 8 3( ) x x x x TM = = =
TH2 : 1 x y = thay xung (2) ta c

2
2
2
2
2 3 2 2 1 1
2 3 2 1 0
2( 1) ( 1 ) 0
1
( 1) 2 0
1
5 1 5 1
( )
2 2
y y y y
y y y
y y y y
y y
y y
y x TM
=
= =
= =
1

= =

( )

= = = =

Vy h cho c nghim :
5 1 5 1
( ; ) (3;1),( ; )
2 2
x y

= .
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2 2
2 2
( 2 2) ( 6)
( 1)( 2 7) ( 1)( 1)
y x x x y
y x x x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Gii
K: , x y R
t
1 a x
b y
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
, ta c h tr thnh:
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
( 1) ( 1)( 6) ( 1)( 6) ( 1) (*)
( 1)( 6) ( 1) ( 1)( 6) ( 1)(**)
b a a b a b b a
b a a b b a a b
' '
1 1
= =
1 1
1 1
=
! !
1 1
= =
1 1
1 1 + +

Tr v theo v hai phng trnh ri thu gn ta c:
( )( 2 7) 0
2 7 0
a b
a b a b ab
a b ab
= =

Trng hp 1: a b = thay vo phng trnh (*) ta c:
2 2 2
2
( 1)( 6) ( 1) 5 6 0
3
a
a a a a a a
a
= = = =

1
2
x
x
= =
h c 2 nghim (x; y) l:
Trng hp 2: 2 7 0 a b ab =
Tr v theo v hai phng trnh (*) v (**) ri rt gn ta c:
2 2
5 5 1
2 2 2
a b
1 1

=

( ) ( )

Vy ta c h phng trnh:
2 2
2 7 0
5 5 1
2 2 2
a b ab
a b
'
1 =
1
1
1
1 1
!

1
=
1

1
( ) ( )
1
+

y l h i xng loi I, gii h ta c cc nghim:
2 3 2 3
; ; ;
2 3 3 2
a a a a
b b b b
' ' ' '
1 1 1 1 = = = =
1 1 1 1
! ! ! !
1 1 1 1 = = = =
1 1 1 1
+ + + +

T ta c cc nghim (x; y) l: (1; 2),(2; 3),(1; 3),(2; 2).
Kt lun: H phng trnh c 4 nghim l: (1; 2),(2; 3),(1; 3),(2; 2).

3 3 2
2 2 2
12 6 16 0
4 2 4 5 4 6 0
x x y y
x x y y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Gii
K: 2;2 , 0; 4 x y
l l

l l
l l

Ta c
3 3 2
(1) ( 2) 6( 2) 6 PT x x y y = =
Xt hm s
3
( ) 6 , 0; 4 f t t t t
l
=
l
l
ta c
2
'( ) 3 12 3 ( 4) 0, 0; 4 ( ) f t t t t t t f t
l
= = _ \ =
l
l
nghch
bin trn 0; 4
l
l
l
. M phng trnh (1) c dng: ( 2) ( ) 2 f x f y y x + = = + thay vo phng trnh (2) ta
c:
2 2
4 6 3 4 0 x x x = = = t ta c y = 2.
Kt lun: H phng trnh c nghim (0; 2).
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3 2
2 1 3
4 1 9 8 52 4
x y
x x y x y xy
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
Gii
K: 1 y _ .
3 2
3 2 1
4 1 4 4 13 8 52 0
x y
HPT
x x y xy x x y
'
1
=
1
1
=
!
1
=
1
1+

2
3 2 1
( 2 1) 13 8 52 0
3 2 1
2 13 0
3 2 1
1 5
x y
x x y x y
x y
x y
x y
y y
'
1
=
1
1
=
!
1
=
1
1+
'
1
=
1
1
=
!
1
=
1
1+
'
1
=
1
1
=
!
1
=
1
1+

2
3 2 1
5
11 24 0
3 2 1
7
5
3
3
8
x y
y
y y
x y
x
y
y
y
y
'
1
=
1
1
1
1
= _
!
1
1
1 =
1
1+
'
1
1
1
1
1
=
1
'
1 = 1
1 1
= _ =
! !
1 1 =
1 1
+
1 =
1
1
1
=
1
1 +

Kt lun: H phng trnh c nghim:
7
3
x
y
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
.

2 2
2
1 0
1 0
y x y x
xy
xy x y
'
1

1
1 =
1
1
!
1
1
1
=
1
1+

K: 0; 0; 1 x y xy _
( )
( )( )
1 2 0 2 1 0 y x y x xy y x y x = = = = y x y x = = = = thay vo
( )
2 , ta c:
2
1 0 1 1 x x y = = = = =
KL: h pt c tp nghim:
( )
1;1 S =
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( ) ( )
( )
3 3 2 2
2 3
5 8
5
5 1 2
2
x y x y
x y xy
xy
xy
x y
x y
'
1

1
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
1
1
=
1
1
1+

K:
1
; 0 2
5
x y _ < _
t , 0; , 0 u x y u v xy v = = khi
( )
2
3 2 2 3
1 2 3 2 0 2 2 1 0 2 2
u u u u
u u v uv v u v
v v v v
1
1 1

= = = = = = = =

( ) ( )
( )

( )
2
2 0 x y xy x y x y = = = = = = thay vo
( )
2 , ta c:
( )
5 5 1 5 1
5 1 2 3 3 3 1 3 0
5 1 2 2 1 5 1 2 2 1
x x
x x x x x
x x x x
1

= = = = =

( )

1 1
5 1 1
3 0 2
5
5 1 2 2 1
x y
VN v x
x x
= = =
= _ _

KL: tp nghim ca h pt l:
( )
1;1 S =

( ) ( )
( )
2
3 2
2 2
3 2
2
1 1
2 1 1 3 1
1 4
1 0
x y
x x x
x y
y x y y y
x x
y y
'
1
1 1

1
1 =

1
1 ( )
!
1
1
1
=
1
1
1+

K: 0 y =
H
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
3 2
3 2 2
3 2 2
1 1 0
1 0
1 4 0
1 4 0
x y x y
x y x y x y
x x y y
x x y y
' 1 1 '
1
1 =
1 =
1 1
( )
= =
! !
1 1
=
1 1 =
1+ 1
+

1 1
1 2
y x x
x y
' '
1 1 = =
1 1
= =
! !
1 1 = =
1 1
+ +

KL:
( )
1;2 S =

( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
4 3 7 4 5 6 3 2
3 10 34 47
x xy y x xy y x xy y
x xy y
'
1
= 1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

K:
2 2
2 2
3 2 0
4 3 7 0
x xy y
x xy y
'
1
_
1
1
!
1
_
1
1+

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Chuyn v nhn lin hp phng trnh
( )
1 , ta c:
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
1
5 6 4 0
6
4 3 7 3 2
x y n
x xy y
x y n
x xy y x xy y
1
=

= =
=

( )

Vi x y = thay vo
( )
2 , ta c:
2
1 1
1
1 1
x y
x
x y
= = =
= =
= = =

Vi 6 x y = thay vo
( )
2 , ta c:
2
47 47
6
82 82
82 47
47 47
6
82 82
y x
y
y x
= = =
= =
= = =

KL:
( ) ( )
47 47 47 47
1;1 , 1; 1 , ; 6 ; ; 6
82 82 82 82
S
' ' 1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1

=
! !

1 1

( ) ( ) 1 1
1 1 + +

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( )
( )
2
4 2 2
3 3 0
9 5 0
x xy x y
x y x y x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

H
( )
2
2
2 2 2
3 3 3
3 3 5 0
x y x xy
x y x y x
'
1
=
1
1
=
!
1
=
1
1+

Thay
( )
1 vo
( )
2 , ta c:
( )
2 2
2
0 0
1
9 15 4 0 1
3
4
4 0
3
x y
x y y y x
y x x VN
= = =
= = = = =
= = =

KL:
( )
1
0; 0 ; 1;
3
S
' ' 1
1 1
1 1
= ! !
1 1
( )
1 1
+ +

( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 4 1 4 13
2 2
x y xy
x xy y
x y
x y
x y
'
1
1 =
1
1
1
!

1
=
1
1

1
1+

K:
0
0
2 0
x y
x y
x y
'
1

1
1
1

!
1
1
_ 1
1
+

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H
( ) ( )
2 2
4 4 4 8 5 0
2 2
x xy y x y
x y x y x y x y
'
1
=
1
1
=
!
1
=
1
1+

Ta c PT
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2 2 1
1 2 4 2 5 0
2 5
x y
x y x y
x y l
= = =

Vi 2 1 x y = thay vo
( )
2 , ta c:
( )
3 2
3 1 1 1 3 9 6 13 0 0 1 y y y y y y y x = = = = = = = tha mn
KL:
( )
1; 0 S =

( )
( )
2 2 2 2
2
5 2 3 2 2 1
3 6
x x y x y x y
x y
'
1
1 =
1
!
1
= 1
1
+

K: 2 x y _
Ta c
( )
2
2 6 3 x y = = thay vo
( )
1 ta c:
( )
1 5 6 5 5 9 1 3 y y y y x = = = = = tha
mn
KL:
( ) ( )
3;1 ; 3;1 S =

( )
( ) ( )( )
2
2
2 2 2 2
1 2
1 1
4 1 6 5 1 1 1 1
x y
y
x y
x y x x x y
'
1

1
=
1
1
1

!
1
1
1
= 1

1
( )
1+

K:
2
1 1
1
1 1 0
x x
y
x y
'
1
1 _ . _
1
1
1
_
!
1
1
1
=
1
1+

t:
2
1, 0
1, 0
a x a
b y b
'
1
= _ 1
1
!
1
= _
1
1+
, ta c:
( )
2
3 2 2
2
4 5 6
b a b
a ab a b
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Nhn cho hai phng trnh gii h ng cp ta c tp nghim:
( ) ( )
10;2 ; 10;2 S =

3 2
2 2
20 3 3 0
3 1
y y xy x y
x y y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

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H
( ) ( )
3
2 2
20 3 1 3 1 0
3 1
y y y x y
x y y
'
1
=
1
1
=
!
1
=
1
1+
.
Th
( )
2 vo
( )
1 , ta c phng trnh thun nht bc 3
KL:
3 1 3 1
; ; ;
2 2 5 5
S
' ' 1 1
1 1

1 1

! !

1 1
( ) ( )
1 1
+ +

2 2
2 2
3 3 0
2 1 2 3 1 0
x y x y
y x y x
'
1
= 1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

K:
1
2
y _
Ta c PT
( ) ( )
2 2
2
3
3
0 1 3 3
6 6 0
y x
y x
y l x y y x
y xy
x y
'
1 _
1
'
1 1 _
1 1 1 1
= = = = =
! !
1 1 =
1 1
1+
= 1
1
1+

Vi x y = thay vo
( )
2 , ta c:
( )
2 4 3 2
1 1
2 1 3 1 6 11 8 2 0 2 2
2 2 2 2
y x
y y y y y y y y l
y x
= = =
= = = = =
= = =

KL:
( )
( )
1;1 ; 2 2;2 2 S =

( )
( )
4 4 2 2
2 2
2 2 2
2 2
2 2
3 2
3 4 8
x y x y
x y
y x
x y
xy y x
'
1

1
1
=
1
1
!

1
1
1
= 1
1
+

K: . 0 x y =
Ta c PT
( ) ( )
( )
4 2 2 4
2
2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2 2
1 0
x y
x x y y
x y x y
x y
x y x y
1

=

= = = = =
=

( )

- Vi x y = thay vo
( )
2 , ta c: 1 1 x y = = =
- Vi x y = thay vo
( )
2 , ta c: 1 1 y x = = =
KL:
( ) ( )
1;1 ; 1; 1 S =
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2 2
3 3 2
10 5 2 38 6 41 0
6 1 2
x y xy x y
x xy y y x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

K:
3
3 2
6 0
1 0
x xy y
y x
'
1
_
1
1
!
1
_
1
1+

Ta c PT
( ) ( )
2 2
1 10 2 19 5 6 41 0 x x y y y = = .
Tnh
( )
2
' 49 1 0 1
x
y y = _ = = thay vo
( )
1 c 2 x = tha h phng trnh
KL:
( )
2;1 S =
3 3 2 2
3 2
2 0
2 2
x y x y xy xy x y
x y x x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

K: x y _
Ta c PT
( ) ( )( )
2 2
2 2
1
1 1 0
0
y x
x y x y x y
x y x y
= = =

- 1 y x = thay vo
( )
2 , ta c:
3 2
0 1
2 0
1 0
x y
x x x
x y
= = =
= =
= = =

-
2 2
0 0 x y x y x y = = = =
( )
0 v x y _ thay vo h khng tha
KL:
( ) ( )
1; 0 ; 0; 1 S
( )
( )
2 2 2 2 3 3
2
2 2 2 2 2 3 3
8 3 1 3 1 1
4 3 1 2 1 12 1 4
y x y y
y y x y x
'
1
= 1
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+

K:
1 1
2 2
x
_ _
t:
2 3
2
1
1 4 , 0
a y
b x b
'
1
= 1
1
!
1
= _
1
1+
, ta c:
3 2 2
2
3 2 2
3 2 3 0
3 2 0
a a a b b
a b b
a a a b
'
1
=
1
1
= =
!
1
=
1
1+
thay vo
( )
1 , ta c:
( ) ( ) ( )
3 2
2 2 2 2
3 2 3 0 0 0 b b b b b b b b b a = = = = = .
Khi ta c:
2
2 3
1
1 4 0
2
1 0
1
x
x
y
y
'
' 1
1
1
= 1
=
1 1 1
=
! !
1 1
=
1 1 =
1 1 +
1+

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KL:
1 1 1 1
;1 ; ; 1 ; ;1 ; ; 1
2 2 2 2
S
' ' 1 1 1 1
1 1
1 1
= ! !

1 1
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
+ +

( )( )
6 3 2 2
3 3
3 24 2 9 18 11 0
1 2 2 1 6 1
x y y x x y
y x x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
= 1
1+

K: 0 y _
Ta c PT
( ) ( )( )
2 4 2 2 2
1 2 3 6 9 12 18 1 0 x y x x y x y y = =
Vi
2
2 x y = thay vo
( )
2 , ta c:
( )
3 3
3 2 2 3 3 3
1 2
1 2 1 4 1 1 0
1 (4 1) 4 1 2 1 (2 1)
x x x x
x x x x x
1

= = =

( )
1
1
2
x y = = = =
KL:
1
1;
2
S
' ' 1
1 1
1 1
= ! !
1 1
( )
1 1
+ +

( )
2
2
1 1
4
x y
x y
xy
xy
x y xy
x y
y x
'
1

1
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
1
= 1
1
1
1+

K: 0; 0 x y
Ta c PT
( )
( )
2
2 2
1 0 2 y x xy x y xy x y x y xy = = = = = = thay vo
( )
2 ta c:
( )( )
1 4 0 1 xy xy xy xy xy xy = = =
Khi ta c:
3 5
3
2
1
3 5
2
x
x y
xy
y
'
1

1
1 = '
1 = 1
1 1
=
! !
1 1 =
1 1
+
1 =
1
1+

KL: thay vo h ta c tp nghim:
3 5 3 5
;
2 2
S
' ' 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
=
! !

1 1

( ) 1 1
1 1 + +

( )( )
1 4 4
2 1 0
1 1
1
1
1 1 1 2 1 2
2
x
x x
y y
y
y
y x x y
'
1

1
1 =
1
1

!
1
1
1
=
1
1
+

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K: 1; 1 x y _
t:
1, 0
1, 0
a x a
b y b
'
1
= _
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
. Ta c
( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
1 2 2 0 b a b ab ab = =
2
0
b
a
'
1 =
1
=
!
1 =
1
+

1 0 1
5
1 2
x x
y
y
'
1 '
1 = =
1
1 1
= =
! !
1 1 =
=
1 1
+
1+
tha h phng trnh
KL:
( )
1; 5 S =
3
3
1
4 2
1 1 1
2
3 4 8 1
x y
y x y
x y y
'
1

1
1 =
1
1
1
!
1

1
= 1
1
1
1+

K:
1
2 0
3 4 8
y
x y
x y
'
1

1
1
1
_
!
1
1
= 1
1
+

Ta c
( ) ( )
2
1 4 1 0 4
3 2
x y x y
y x y
1

= = = =

( )
thay vo
( )
2 , ta c:
( )( )
2 2 2
3 6
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 2 1 0 1
2 2 2
2 1 1 1
a a a a a a a
y y y
1

= = = = = = = =

( )
6
1
1 2 8
1
y x
y
= = = = = =

KL:
( )
8;2 S =
Bi 24 Gii h phng trnh sau:
( )
( )

1 1 2 2 0
( , ).
1 4 0
x y y
x y
y y x x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1
+

Gii
iu kin: 1. x _
t 1, 0. t x t = _ Khi
2
1 x t = v h tr thnh
2 2 2 2
(1 2 ) 2 0 2 2 0 ( ) 2 2 0
( ) 3 0 3 0 ( ) 3 3 0
t y y t y ty t y ty
y y t t y ty t t y ty
' ' '
1 1 1 = = =
1 1 1
1 1 1
= =
! ! !
1 1 1 = = =
1 1 1
1 1 1 + + +

Suy ra
2
0
2( ) 3( ) 0
3 3
.
2 2
t y y t
t y t y
t y y t

= =

= = =

= =

Vi , y t = ta c
2
2 2 0 1. t t = = = Suy ra 2, 1. x y = =
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Vi
3
,
2
y t = ta c
2
3 3 3 13
2 2 0 4 6 1 0 .
2 2 4
t t t t t
1

= = = = =

( )

Suy ra
19 3 13 3 13
, .
8 4
x y

= =
Vy nghim (x; y) ca h l

2 2
2
( 2) 4 7 3 2 0
1 1
x x x y y x y
x y x y
'
1
= 1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Gii
iu kin:
2
1 0 x y _
Phng trnh (1)
2 2
( 2) ( 2) 3 2 ( ) 3 x x x y y y = =
Xt hm s
2
( ) 3 f t t t t = C
2
2
2
'( ) 3 1 0
3
t
f t t t
t
= \

=Hm s f(t) ng bin trn R=Phng trnh (1) 2 x y = =
Thay vo (2) ta c
:
2
2 2 2 2
2
3 3
1 2 3
2 2
1 4 12 9 1 4 12 9
3
3
2
1 1 1 (tmdk)
2
3 13 10 0
10
3
x x
x x x
x x x x x x x x
x
x
x x y
x x
x
' '
1 1
1 1
_ _
1 1
1 1
= = =
! !
1 1
1 1 = =
1 1
1 1 + +
'
1
1
_
1
'
1 1
1 1
_
1 1
1 1
= = = = = = =
! !
1 1
1 1 =
1 1
1+
1
=
1
1
1+

Vy h c nghim (x;y) = (-1;-1).

( ) ( )
( )
2
53 5 10 5 48 9 0
,
2 6 2 11 2 66
x x y y
x y
x y x x y x
'
1
=
1
1
\
!
1
=
1
1+
( )
( )
1
2

Gii
K:
10 0 10
9 0 9
2 6 0 2 6 0
2 11 0 2 11 0
x x
y y
x y x y
x y x y
' '
1 1 _ _
1 1
1 1
1 1
_ _
1 1
1 1
=
! !
1 1 _ _
1 1
1 1
1 1
_ _
1 1
1 1 + +

T PT(1) ta c
( ) ( ) ( )
5 10 3 10 5 9 3 9 , 3 x x y y
l l
=
l l
l l

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Xt hm s
( ) ( )
2
5 3 f t t t = trn khong
)
0; t

c
( )
/ 2
15 3 0, 0 f t t t = \ _ hm s ng
bin .T (3) ta c
( ) ( )
( )
10 9 10 9 1, 4 f x f y x y y x = = = = = Thay (4) vo (2) ta
c
2
7 10 2 66 0 x x x x = (5) K: 7;10 x
l

l
l

Gii (5) ta c
( ) ( )
( )( )
( ) ( )
2
9 9
7 4 1 10 2 63 0 9 7 0
7 4 1 10
1 1
9 [ 7 ] 0 9, 8
7 4 1 10
x x
x x x x x x
x x
x x x y
x x

= = =

= = = =

Vy H phng trnh c nghim duy nht
( ) ( )
; 9; 8 x y =
1
1
1 1 1
1 4 2 2
y x
x y
x y
x y
'
1

1
1 =
1
1
!
1
1
1
=
1
1+

Gii
K: 0 ; 1 x y _ _
PT(1)
1
1
1 1 1 1 (1 )
y x
x y
x y
= =

(*)
xt h/s ( )
1 1
t
f t t
t
=

; c
'
2
1 1
(1 1 ) .
2 2 1
( ) 1 0 , (1; )
(1 1 )
t t
t t
f t t
t

= \

v (*) ( ) (1 ) 1 f x f y x y = = = = , th vo pt(2) ta c :
2
1 5 2 2 6 2 2 5 6 8 x x x x x = = =
2 2 2
1 1
5 6 1 5 6 ( 1)
2 2
x x x x x x x y = = = = = = = = (tmk)
vy h pt c nghim l
1
2
1
2
x
y
'
1
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1
1+

3 3 3
2 2
27 7 8
9 6
x y y
x y y x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Gii
Nhn xt 0, y = nhn hai v phng trnh th hai vi 7y, tr i phng trnh th nht, c
3 2
(3 ) 7(3 ) 14(3 ) 8 0 xy xy xy =
T tm c hoc 3 1 xy = hoc 3 2 xy = hoc 3 4 xy =
Vi 3 1, xy = thay vo phng trnh th nht, c y=1 do
1
3
x =
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Vi 3 2, xy = thay vo phng trnh th nht, c y=0 (loi)
Vi 3 4, xy = thay vo phng trnh th nht, c y=-2 do
2
3
x =
3 3
2 2
4 2
3 4
x y x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Gii
Phng trnh
3 3
(1) 2(x y ) 4(2x y) = =
T phng trnh (2) thay
2 2
4 3 x y = vo phng trnh trn v rt gn ta c:
2 2 3
0
6 5 0
5
y
x y xy y x y
x y
= = =

TH1 : 0 y = thay vo h ta c
3
2
4
2
4
x x
x
x
'
1
=
1
1
= =
!
1
=
1
1+
= nghim (x; y) ( 2; 0) =
TH2 : x y y x = = = thay vo h ta c :
3
2
2 2
1
4 4
x x
x
x
'
1
=
1
1
= =
!
1
=
1
1+

H c nghim (x; y) (1; 1); ( 1;1) =
TH3 : 5 x y = thay vo h ta c nghim
5 1 5 1
(x; y) ( ; ); ( ; )
7 7 7 7

=
Vy h cho c 6 nghim.
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( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2 . 2 . 0
(x; y R).
1. 1 3 . 1 3
y x x y
x y y x y x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1
+

Gii
K:
2
1; 0
3 0
x y
x y x
'
1 _ _
1
1
!
1 _
1
1+

PT (1) 2. . 2 2 0 x y x y x = =
c
( ) ( )
2
2
8 2 4
y
x x x ^ = =
( )
2 4
2 2
2
0
4 2
x
y
x
y loai
x
= < =

vi
2 4
2 2
2 2
x
y y x y x
x
= = = = =
, th vo (1) ta c
( )
( )
( )
2
1 2 1 1 1 2 2 x x x x x =
( ) ( )
2
1.( 2 1) 1 . 1 1 x x x x
1

= =

( )
(*)
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Xt hm s
( )
2 2
( ) 1 1 1 f t t t t t t = = , c
2
' 2
2
( ) 1 1 0 ( )
1
t
f t t f t
t
= =
ng
bin.
V PT (*)
( )
2
1
( 1) ( 1) 1 1
1 1
x
f x f x x x
x x
'
1 _
1
1
= = = = =
!
1
=
1
1+
3 x = =
Vi x = 3 5 y = = (tha mn). Vy h c nghim (x; y) = (3; 5).
( )
2 2
1 2 2
2 1 2
x y x y
x y y y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Gii
Ly (1) + (2) v theo v ta c:
( ) ( ) ( )( )
2
2
2 1 1 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 0
2 0
x
x xy x y x x y x y x x y
x y
= = = = = =

Trng hp x=2 thay vo (2) ta c y = 1
Trng hp x+2y = 0 thay vo (2) ta c phng trnh v nghim.
Vy h c nghim x = 2; y = 1.

( )
( )
2
2 2
2
1 1 4
1
2 5
xy y y y
xy x y
y
'
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
=
1
1
1+

Gii
iu kin 0 y =
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2 2 2
2 2
1 1
1 4 1 4
( )
1 1
2 1 5 1 5
x y y y x x
y y
I
y x x y x
y y
' '
1 1
1 1
= =
1 1
1 1
1 1
= =
! !
1 1
1 1
= =
1 1
1 1
1 1 + +

t
( )
1
1 ; 1 u y x v x
y
= = ta c h
( ) ( )
2 2
5 5 5 3
10 2 2 5 2 15 0
1 1
1 5 1 3

1 10 1 2
u v v u u u
v v u v u u
y x y x
hay y y
x x
' ' ' '
1 1 1 1 = = = =
1 1 1 1 1 1
= = .
! ! ! !
1 1 1 1 = = = =
1 1 1 1
+ + 1 1 + +
' '
1 1
1 1
= =
1 1
1 1
.
! !
1 1
1 1
= =
1 1
1 1 + +

2 2 1 1
10 5 1 0 2 3 1 0
1
9 1
1
2
x y
y y y y
x x
x y
= =
' '
1 1
= =
1 1
1 1
= . =
! !
1 1 = =
= =
1 1
1 1 + +

Vy h c cc nghim (1;1) v (1; 1/2 ).
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2 2
2 2
3 2
1
1
4
22
y
x x y
x
x y
y
'
1
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1
1+

Gii
iu kin: x=0, y =0. v x
2
+ y
2
- 1 =0.
t u = x
2
+ y
2
- 1 v v =
x
y
H phng trnh (I) tr thnh
3 2
1
21 4
u v
u v
'
1
1
=
11
!
1
1 =
1
1+
=
2
2 13 21 0
21 4
v v
u v
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

=
9
3
u
v
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
hoc
7
7
2
u
v
'
1 =
1
11
!
1
=
1
1
1+
+ Vi
9
3
u
v
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
=
3
1
x
y
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
hoc
3
1
x
y
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
Vi
7
7
2
u
v
'
1 =
1
11
!
1
=
1
1
1+
= =
2
14
53
2
4
53
x
y
'
1
1
1 =
1
1
!
1
1
1 =
1
1
+

hoc
2
14
53
2
4
53
x
y
'
1
1
1 =
1
1
!
1
1
1 =
1
1
+

Vy h c nghim (3;1), (-3;-1),
2 2
14 ; 4
53 53
1

( )
v
2 2
14 ; 4
53 53
1

( )
.

Bi 34 Gii h phng trnh :
( )
3
4
1 1
1
x y x
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
(I) .
iu kin:
1 0 1
0 0
x x
y y
' '
1 1 _ _
1 1 1
=
! !
1 1 _ _
1 1
+ 1+

Ta c (I)
( )
( )
2
3
4
1 1 1
1
x x x
x y
'
1
1 =
1
=
!
1
= 1
1
+

T phng trnh :
( )
2
3
1 1 1 x x x =
3 2
1 2 2 x x x x = = (1)
Ta thy hm s ( ) 1 f x x = l hm ng bin trn
)
1;

Xt hm s
3 2
( ) 2 2 g x x x x = . Min xc nh:
)
1; D

=

o hm
/ 2
( ) 3 2 2 0 g x x x x D = < \ . Suy ra hm s nghich bin trn D.
T (1) ta thy 1 x = l nghim ca phng trnh v l nghim duy nht.
Vy h c nghim
( )
1; 0 .
2
2
3 2 3
3 2 3
x x y
y y x
'
1
= 1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
(II). iu kin:
0
0
x
y
'
1 _
1
!
1 _
1
+

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Ta c (II)
2
2
3 2 3
3 3 2
x x y
x y y
'
1
= 1
1
=
!
1
=
1
1+

Cng v theo v ta c:
2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 x x y y = (2)
Xt hm s
2
( ) 3 3 3 f t t t = . Min xc nh:
)
1; D

=

o hm:
/
2
3
( ) 1 0
2 3
t
f t x D
t t
= \
. Suy ra hm s ng bin trn D.

T (*) ta c ( ) ( ) f x f y x y = = =
Lc :
2
3 3 x x = (3)
+ VT (3) l hm s hm ng bin trn D.
+ VP (3) l hm hng trn D.
Ta thy 1 x = l nghim ca phng trnh (3) (tha iu kin)
Suy ra phng trnh c nghim 1 x = l nghim duy nht.
Vy h c nghim
( )
1;1
3
2
2 2. 1 3 1 (1)
1 2 2 1 (2)
y x x x y
y x xy x
'
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+

K : 1 1 x _ _
T (1) ta c :
3
2. 2( 1) 1 2 1 3 1 y x x x x y = (thm vo v tri 2 1 x )
3 3
2 2( 1 ) 1 y y x x = =
Xt hm s f(t) = 2.t
3
+t c f(t ) = 6t
2
+ 1 >0 suy ra hm s ng bin
Suy ra y = 1 x th vo (2), ta c
2 2
1 1 2 2 1 x x x x = (3)
V 1 1 x _ _ nn t x = cos(t) vi t [0; ] sau th vo phng trnh (3) l ra kt qu.

2 2
2
1
(1)
5
57
4 3 (3 1) (2)
25
x y
x x y x
'
1
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1
1+

Gii
K: , x y R
Nhn 2 v phng trnh (1) vi 25 v nhn 2 v phng trnh (2) vi 50 ta c:
H phng trnh
2 2
2
25 25 5
200 150 114 50 (3 1)
x y
x x y x
'
1
=
1
1
=
!
1
=
1
1+

Cng v theo v hai phng trnh ca h ta c:

2 2
225 25 25 150 150 50 144 x y xy x y =
( )
2 15 5 5 12 15 5 7
15 5 5 144
15 5 5 12 15 5 17
x y x y
x y
x y x y

= =

= = = =

= =

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Vi 15 5 7 x y = kt hp vi (1) ta c h phng trnh:
2 2
15 5 7
1
5
x y
x y
'
1 =
1
11
!
1
=
1
1
1+

( )
2
2 2
2
11
25
5 7 15
2
5 7 15 11
5 7 15
25
25
25 25 5 2
25 7 15 5
2
5
5
1
5
x
y x
y
y x
y x
x
x y
x x
x
x
y
'
1
1
=
1
1
1 '
1 =
!
1
1 1
1 1
' = ' 1 = 1 1 1 =
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 1+
= = = =
! ! !

'
1 1 1 1 =
=
1 1 1 1
1+ = 1+ 1 1

1 1 = 1
1
!
1
1+
1
1
=
1
1
1+

Vi 15 5 17 x y = kt hp vi (1) ta c h phng trnh:
2 2
15 5 17
1
5
x y
x y
'
1 =
1
11
!
1
=
1
1
1+

( )
2
2 2
2
5 17 15
5 17 15 5 7 15
25 25 5
25 17 15 5
y x
y x y x
x x y
x x

'
' 1 ' =
1 1 = =
1
1 1 1 1
= = = =
! ! !
1 1 1 =
=
1 1 1
+ 1+
1+
h v nghim.
Kt lun: H phng trnh c hai nghim l:
2 11
5 25
;
1 2
5 25
x x
y y
' '
1 1
1 1
= =
1 1
1 1
1 1
! !
1 1
1 1
= =
1 1
1 1
1 1 + +
.
3 2 1 (1)
0 (2)
x y x y
x y x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Gii
iu kin :
0
3 2 0
x y
x y
'
1 _
1
!
1 _
1
+

H Phng trnh tng ng
1 3 2 2 1 3 2 x y x y x y x y x y
x y y x x y y x
' '
1 1
= =
1 1
1 1
=
! !
1 1
= =
1 1
1 1 + +

( )
2 2 2 2 y x x y x y x y
x y y x x y y x
' '
1 1
= =
1 1
1 1
= =
! !
1 1
= =
1 1
1+ 1+

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4 1 4 1
5 1 3 1
y x y x
x y y x x x
' '
1 1 = =
1 1
1 1
= =
! !
1 1
= =
1 1
1 1 + +

2
4 1
1
3
5 1 9 6 1
y x
x
x x x
'
1 =
1
1
1
1
1
= _
!
1
1
1
=
1
1
1+
2
4 1
1
3
9 11 2 0
y x
x
x x
'
1 =
1
1
1
1
1
= _
!
1
1
1
=
1
1
1+

4 1
1
3
1
2
9
y x
x
x
x
'
1
1
1
1
1
1
=
1
1
1
1
1
= _
!
1
1
1
=
1
1
1
1
1
=
1
1
1+

1
3
x
y
'
1 =
1
=
!
1 =
1
+

Kt lun : H phng trnh c nghim
1
3
x
y
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+

2 2 2 2
3 3
2 2 2 3 (1)
2 2 (2)
x y y x
x y y x
'
1
= 1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
Gii
K:
2 2
2 0 x y _
t :
2 2
2 ( 0) t x y t = _

( )
2
2 2
2 2
1
1 2 3 0
3
1 2 1
2 1
t
t t
t
t x y
x y
= = =
= = = =
= =

Khi h phng trnh tng ng
2 2
3 3
2 1
2 2
x y
x y y x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

( )( )
2 2
3 3 2 2
2 1
2 2 2
x y
x y y x x y
'
1
=
1
1
=
!
1
=
1
1+

2 2
3 2 2 3
2 1
5 2 2 0 ( 3)
x y
x x y xy y
'
1
=
1
1
=
!
1
=
1
1+

Th 1: 0 y =
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H phng trnh tng ng
2
3
2 1
5 0
x
x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
( v l )
Vy cp ( x , 0) khng l nghim ca h
TH2 : Chia hai v ( 3 ) cho
3
y ta c h phng trnh tng ng

2 2
3 2
2 1
5 2 2 1 0
x y
x x x
y y y
'
1
=
1
1
1
= 1 1 1 !
1
= 1

1
( ) ( ) ( )
1
+

2 2
2 1
1
x y
x
y
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
=
1
1
1+

1
1
x y
x y
= =
= =

Kt lun : H phng trnh c nghim
( ) ( )

1;1 , 1; 1 S =
( )
2 2
2
1 9
6 0
8
1 5
2 0
4
x y xy
x y
y
x y
'
1
1
=
1
1
1
1
!
1
1
1
=
1
1
1+

Gii
iu kin: 0 x y =
H phng trnh bin i tng ng
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2
1 9
2 0
8
1 5
0
4
x y x y
x y
x y x y
x y
'
1
1
=
1
1
1
1
!
1
1
1
=
1
1
1+

t
1
a x y
b x y
x y
'
1 =
1
1
1
!
1
=
1
1
1+

Ta c h tng ng
2 2
9
2 2 0
8
5
0
4
a b
a b
'
1
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1
1+

2 2
25
2
8
5
4
a b
a b
'
1
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
=
1
1
1+

2
2
5 25
2
4 8
5
4
b b
a b
'
1
1
1

1
=
1

1
( )
=
!
1
1
1
=
1
1
+

5
4
5
2
a
b
'
1
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
=
1
1
1+

Vy h c nghim
( )
7 3 13 3
; ; , ;
8 8 8 8
x y
1 1

=

( ) ( )

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( )( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
1 25 1
2 8 9
x y x y y
x xy y x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Gii
H phng trnh tng ng
( )( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2
2 2
1 25 1
1 1 10 1 0
x y x y y
x y x y y y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Nhn xt 1 0 y = khng l nghim h phng trnh
Chia hai v phng trnh mt v hai cho 1 y ta c
( )( )
( )
2 2
2 2
1
25
1
1 10
1
x y x y
y
x y
x y
y
'
1

1
1
=
1
1
1
!
1

1
1 =
1
1
1+

t
2 2
1
1
x y
a
y
b x y
'
1

1
= 1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+

Khi ta c
. 25
10
a b
a b
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
( )
2 2
5 5 1
5 1 10
a x y y
b x y
' '
1 1 = =
1 1 1
= =
! !
1 1 = =
1 1
+ 1+

Vy h c nghim
( ) ( )
3 11
; 3;1 , ;
2 2
x y
1

=

( )

( )
2 2 2
3 3 2 2 3
4 1 0
4 1 0
x x y y y
x y x y y xy
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Gii
Nhn xt 0 y = khng l nghim h phng trnh

Chia hai v phng trnh mt cho
2
y v hai
3
y
( )
2
2
2
3
2 3
1 1
4 0
1
4 0
x x
y y
x x
x
y y y
'
1
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1
1
+

t
1
a x
y
x
b
y
'
1
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1
1+

H phng trnh bin i tng ng ta c :
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2
3
2 4
2 4
a a b
a ab
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

( )
2
2 4 2
1 4 4
a b a a
b a a
' '
1 1 = =
1 1 1
= =
! !
1 1 = =
1 1
+ 1+

1
1
x
y
'
1 =
1
=
!
1 =
1
+

H c nghim
( ) ( )
; 1;1 x y =

2 2
2 2
5
4
5
5 5
x y
x y x y
x y
x y
xy
'
1
1
=
1
1

1
!
1

1
=
1
1
1+

Gii
H phng trinh tng ng:
2 2
5
4
5 5 5
x y
x y x y
x y
x y
y x
'
1
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1
1+

2 2
2 2
5
4
5 5
x y
x y x y
x y y x
x y
'
1
1
=
1
1

1
=
!
1

1
=
1
1
1+

2 2
2 2
5
4
1
5
x y
x y x y
x y y x
x y
'
1
1
=
1
1

1
=
!
1

1
=
1
1
1+

t
2
2
5
x
a
x y
y
b
x y
'
1
1
=
1
1

1
!
1
1
=
1
1

1+
khi ta c
4
1 1
1
a b
a b
'
1 =
1
11
!
1
=
1
1
1+

4 2
4 2
a b a
ab b
' '
1 1 = =
1 1
= =
! !
1 1 = =
1 1
+ +

H c nghim
( )
3 3
; ;
2 2
x y
1

=

( )

( )( )
3 2 3 1
5
3 2 2 2
2
x y x y
x
y xy y
'
1
= 1
1
1
!
1
1 =
1
1
+

Gii
iu kin ta c
2
; 3; 3
3
y x y x _ _ _
Phng trnh (1) tng ng
( ) ( )( )
2
3 4 3 1 x y x y =
( )
2 2
2 5 2 12 12 9 0 x y x y y = =
6 9
2 1
x y
x y

Vi 6 9 x y =
3 x _ 6 9 3 1 y y = _ = _ Suy ra phng trnh v nghim
Vi 2 1 x y = thay vo phng trnh ( 2 ) ta c
2
3 2 2 2 3 2 y y y y =
( )
( )( )
2 2
2 1 2
3 2 2
y
y y
y y
= =

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2
2
2 1( )
3 2 2
y
y vn
y y
V
2 2 7
;2 1
3
3 2 2 2
y
y y
_ _

Vy h c nghim ( 3 ;2 )

( )
2
2 7 10 3 1 1
3
1 2
1
y y x y y x
y x y
x
'
1
= 1
1
1
!
1
= 1
1

1+

Gii
iu kin
( )
2
2 7 10 3 0; 1 0; 1 0 y y x y y x _ _
Ta c
( )
( ) ( )( )
2
2 7 10 3 1 1
1 1 3 2 1
y y x y x y
x y x y x
'
1
= 1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )( )
2
2
2 7 10 3 1 2 1 1 1
1 1 2 1 3
y y x y x x y y
x y x y x
'
1
1 =
1
=
!
1
=
1
1+

( ) ( ) ( )( )
( ) ( )( )
2
2
2 7 10 3 1 2 1 2 7
1 1 1 2 3
y y x y x x x y
x y x x y
'
1
1 =
1
=
!
1
=
1
1+

Phng trnh ( *) tng ng
2 2
2 4 2 3 3 0 y y xy x x =
1 0
2 2 0
x y
x y

Vi y = 1 x thay vo phng trnh ( 2 ) ta c
( )
2
1 2 1 x x x x = ( VN )
Vi x = 2 2y thay vo phng trnh (2) ta c phng trnh n gin n y.
T c nghim ca h.

2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2 1 ( 1 )
2 2 2 0 ( 2 )
x x x y y y
x y x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Gii
Ly ( 1 ) ( 2 )
Ta c
2 2
3 2 2 4 2 2 1 x x x y y y =
2 2
( 1) ( 1) 2 4 2 2 1 x x x y y y = =
Xt hm s :
2
( ) 1 f t t t t =
1
'( ) 2 1
2 1
f t t
t
=

p dng bt ng thc Cauchy
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( )
1 1 3 1
2 1 1 1
2 2
4 1 4 1
t
t t
_ =

Suy ra
( )
' 0 f t
Vy
( )
f t l hm ng bin
Suy ra 1 2 x y =
Thay 2 1 x y = vo phng trnh ( 2 ) ta c
( ) ( )
2
2
2 1 2 2 2 1 2 0 y y y y =

2
1 1
6 7 1 0
1 2
6 3
y x
y y
y x
= = =
= = =

= = =

Vy h c nghim
( )
2 1
1;2 , ;
3 6
S
' ' 1
1 1
1 1
= ! !
1 1
( )
1 1
+ +

( )
3
3 2 2 2 1 0
2 2 2 5
x x y y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Gii
iu kin
1
2;
2
x y _ _
Phng trnh ( 1) tng ng :
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 x x x y y y =

( ) ( )
2 2 1 . f x f y = =
Xt hm s
( )
3
f t t t = ta c
( )
2
' 3 1 0 f t t = sauy ra hm s
( )
f t n iu tng .
T suy ra
( ) ( )
2 2 1 2 2 1 f x f y x y = = = 3 2 x y = = thay vo phng trnh (2)
Ta c
3
5 2 2 2 5 y y = ( * )
t
( )
3
5 2
2 0
u y
v y v
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
= _
1
1+

(*)
3 2
2 5
2 9
u v
u v
'
1 =
1
1
=
!
1 =
1
1+
1; 2
3 65 23 65
;
4 8
65 3 23 65
;
4 4
u v
u v
u v
'
1
1
= =
1
1
1
1

1
1
= = =
!
1
1
1
1
1
= =
1
1
1+
2
233 23 65
32
233 23 65
32
y
y
y
= =

Vy h c nghim

( )
23 65 185 233 23 65 23 65 185 233 23 65
1;2 , ; , ;
16 32 16 32
S
' ' 1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1

=
! !

1 1

( ) ( ) 1 1
1 1 + +

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( ) ( )
2 3 4 6
2
2 2
2 1 1
x y y x x
x y x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Gii
Vi 0 x = thay vo h phng trnh ta c
0
3
4
y
y
'
1 =
1
11
!

1
=
1
1
1+
( mu thun )
Chia hai v phng trnh ( 1) cho
3
x ta c
3
3
2 2
y y
x x
x x
1

=

( )
( )
y
f f x
x
1

= =

( )

Xt hm s
( )
3
2 f t t t = c
( )
2
' 3 2 0 f t t = sauy ra hm s
( )
f t n iu tng .
T suy ra
( )
2
0
y
x x y y
x
= = = Thay vo phng trnh ( 2) ta c
( ) ( )
2
2
2 1 1 x x x = .(*)
t
( )
2
1 0
u x
v x v
'
1 =
1
1
!
1
= _
1
1+

(*)
( )
2
2 2 u v v u = =
( )( )
2
2 2 0 2 0 v uv v u v u v = = = = 2 3 v x = = = =
Vy h c nghim
( ) ( )
3; 3 , 3; 3 S = .

( ) ( )
2
2 2
4 1 3 5 2 0
4 2 3 4 7
x x y y
x y x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Gii
iu kin :
3
4
5
2
x
y
'
1
1
_
1
1
1
!
1
1
_
1
1
1+

Phng trnh ( 1 ) bin i ta c
( ) ( )
( )
3
3
3
8 2 6 2 5 2 2 2 5 2 5 2 x x y y x x y y = = =

Xt hm s
( )
3
f t t t = ta c
( )
2
' 3 1 0 f t t = suy ra hm s
( )
f t n iu tng .
T suy ra
( )
( )
2 5 2 f x f y = = = 2 5 2 x y =
( )
2
5 4
0
2
x
y x
= = _
Thay vo Phuong trinh ( 2) ta c
2
2
2
5 4
4 2 3 4 7 0
2
x
x x
1
( )
. Vi
3
0;
4
x
l
l
l
l
. Nhn xt
3
0 ;
4
x x = = u khng l nghim
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( )
2
2
2
5 4
4 2 3 4 7
2
x
g x x x
1
( )
Khi
( ) ( )
2
4
' 4 4 3 0
3 4
g x x x
x
= <
vi
3
0;
4
x
1

( )

Ta c
1 1
0 ; 2
2 2
g x y
1

= = = =

( )
l nghim duy nht ca h.

( )
2
2
2
3
1 1
2
2 5 1 2 2 4 2
y y y x
x x x x y
'
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+

Gii
iu kin 2 4 2 0 x y _
Phng trnh ( 1 ) tng ng
( )
2 2 2
2 4 2 1 2 1 x y y y y y =
( )
2
2
2 4 2 1 x y y y = = (*)
Thay vo phng trnh (2) ta c
( )
( )
2
2
2
1 1 1 2 1 x x y y =
2
2
1 1
1 1
2 2
x x
y y
1

= =

( )

Xt hm s
2
( ) 1. f t t t = Khi d
2
'( ) 1 0
1
t
f t
t
=
suy ra hm s
( )
f t n iu tng .
T suy ra
( )
1
2
x
f f y
1

( )
( )
1 1
2 1
2 2
x x
f f y y x y
1

= = = = =

( )
thay vo phng trinh
(*)ta c
( )
2
2
2
2
1 2
3
1 4
4
1 2
y y
y y y
y y
= = = =
5
2
x = =
Vy h c nghim
5 3
;
2 2
1

( )

2 2
2 2
2 5 3 4
3 3 1 0
x x x y y
x y x y
'
1
= 1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Gii
Cng hai phng trnh ta c
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 1 2 5 4
1 1 4 4
x x x x y y
x x y y
=
= =

Xt hm s
( ) ( )
4 0 f t t t t = _ Khi
( )
1
' 1 0
2 4
f t
t
=
suy ra hm s
( )
f t n iu
tng .
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T suy ra
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
1 1 f x f y x y
1
= = =

( )

1
1
y x
y x

Vi 1 y x = thay vo phuong trnh hai ta c
( ) ( )
2 2
2 1 3 3 1 1 0 x x x x x =
1 1
2 2
x y

= = = =
Vi 1 y x = thay vo phng trnh hai ta c
( ) ( )
2 2
2 1 3 3 1 1 0 x x x x x =
3 1
4 4
x y = = =

( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2 4 1 2 2 1 32
1
2
x x y y y
x y x y
'
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
=
1
1
1+

Gii
Xt phng trnh th hai ca h :
2 2
1
0
2
x x y y =
Phng trnh c nghim khi
2 2
1 4 4 2 3 4 4 0 y y y y ^ = = _
3 1
2 2
y
= _ _
Phng trnh th hai ca h bin i theo bin y
2 2
1
0
2
y y x x =
Phng trnh c nghim khi
2 2
1 4 4 2 3 4 4 0 x x x x ^ = = _
1 3
2 2
x
= _ _
Phng trnh th nht ta c
3 2 3 2
8 2 4 2 32 x x y y y =
Xt hm s
( )
3 2
8 2 f x x x = Khi
( )
2
' 24 4 f x x x = vi
( )
0
' 0
1
6
x
f x
x
= =

Ta c
( )
1 1 1 1 3 63
0 0; ; ;
2 2 6 54 2 2
f f f f
1 1 1

= = = =

( ) ( ) ( )

Xt hm s

( )
3 2
4 2 32 g y y y y = khi
( )
2
' 12 4 1 g y y y = vi
( )
1
6
' 0
1
2
y
g y
y
= =

Ta c
1 63 1 1733 1 63 3 79
; ; ;
2 2 6 54 2 2 2 2
g g g g
1 1 1 1

= = = =

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

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Vy h phng trnh c hai cp nghim
3 1 3 1
; ; ;
2 2 2 2
1 1

( ) ( )

3 2
2 1 3
4 1 9 8 52 4
x y
x x y x y xy
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
( )
, x y
Gii
K: 1 y _ .
3 2
2
3 2 1
4 1 4 4 13 8 52 0
3 2 1
( 2 1) 13 8 52 0
3 2 1
3 2 1
2 13 0
1 5
x y
HPT
x x y xy x x y
x y
x x y x y
x y
x y
x y
y y
'
1
=
1
1
=
!
1
=
1
1+
'
1
=
1
1
=
!
1
=
1
1+
'
' 1
1
=
= 1
1
1 1
= =
! !
1 1
=
=
1 1
1+ 1+

2
3 2 1
5
11 24 0
3 2 1
7
5
3
3
8
x y
y
y y
x y
x
y
y
y
y
'
1
=
1
1
1
1
= _
!
1
1
1 =
1
1+
'
1
1
1
1
1
=
1
'
1 = 1
1 1
= _ =
! !
1 1 =
1 1
+
1 =
1
1
1
=
1
1 +

Vy h c nghim l (7,3).
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( )
( ) ( )
2 2 3
2
2 2
5 4 3 2 0
2
x y xy y x y
xy x y x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
( )
, x y
Gii
Bin i phng trnh th hai ca h ta c

2 2 2 2 2
2 2
( ) 2 2 ( ) ( ) ( 1) 2( 1)( 1) 0
( 1)( 2) 0
xy x y x y x y x y xy xy xy
xy x y
= = =
= =

+) 1 xy = , thay vo phng trnh th nht v rt gn ta c:
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2 2 3 2
3 6 3 0 ( ) 0. x y xy y y x y = = =
V xy = 1 nn 0 y = , do x = y. Do x = y =1 hoc x = y = -1.

+)
2 2
0. x y = thay vo phng trnh th nht v rt gn ta c:
3 2 2 3 2
4 5 2 0 ( 2 )( ) 0
2
x x y xy y x y x y
x y
x y
= = =

T gii c cc nghim

2 2 2 2
(1;1),( 1, 1),(2 ; ),( 2 ; )
5 5 5 5

2 2
2 2
2 5 3 4 (1)
3 3 1 0 (2)
x x x y y
x y x y
'
1
= 1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
( )
, x y
Gii
T (1):
2 2
2 2
2 1
3
2 5 4
x y x
y x
x x y

=

, thay (2) vo ta c
2 2
1
( 3 )( 1) 0
2 5 4
x y
x x y
=

3 x y = =
Vi x = 3y thay vo (2) gii c:
3 1 3 1
( , ) ( ; );( ; )
2 2 4 4
x y =
4 4 2 2
2 2 2
1 25 2 (1)
1 (18 ) (2)
x y y x
x y y x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Gii
D thy vi 0 y = h pt v nghim
Xt 0 y = .Chia (1) cho
2
y , chia (2) cho y ta c h

4 2
2
2 2 2
2
2
1
2 25
1
18
x x
y
y y y
x
y x
y y
'
1
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1
1
+

2
2 2
2
2
1
( ) 2( 1) 25
1
18
x
y x
y
x
y x
y
'
1

1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1

1
=
1
1
1+

t
2
2
1 x
a y
y
b x
'
1

1
=
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+
ta c h
2
7
11
2 27
18 9
27
a
b
a b
a b a
b
'
1 =
1
!
'
1 1 =
=
1 1
1 +
=
!
'
1 1 = =
1 1
1+

!
1 =
1
+

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+ Vi
7
11
a
b
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
ta gii ra c
2
11
3
x
y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
hoc
2
11
4
x
y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

+ Vi
9
27
a
b
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
v nghim
Vy phng trnh cho c 4 nghim
2
11
3
x
y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
hoc
2
11
4
x
y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

3 3
2 2
8 65
2(2 3 ) (1 3 ) 4 5.
x y
y x x y xy
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Gii
H
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
(2 )(4 2 ) 65 (2 )[(2 ) 6 ] 65
(2 )[3 (2 )] 5. 4 4 6 3 5.
x y x xy y x y x y xy
x y xy x y x xy y x y xy
' '
1 1
= =
1 1
1 1
= =
! !
1 1 = =
1 1
1+ 1+

3
3 2
2 2
2 5 (2 ) 6 (2 ) 65
(2 ) 2(2 ) 75 0
(2 ) 3(2 ) 15 0( ) 2.(2 ) +6 (2 ) 10
x y x y xy x y
x y x y
x y x y VN x y xy x y
'
1
= =
1
1
= = = =
!

1 = =
1
1+

Thay y = 2x 5 vo (1) ta c
3 3 2
2; 1
8 (2 5) 65 6 15 6 0
1
; 4
2
x y
x x x x
x y
= =
= = = =
= =

Vy h c 2 nghim
1
(2; 1);( ; 4)
2
.

2
2 2( 1) 2
1
2( ) 1
1
y x x
y x
x
'
1
= 1
1
1
!
1
= 1
1
1+

Gii
K: 1 x =
H phng trnh cho tr thnh

2
2 2( 1) 2
1
2 ( 1)
1
y x x
y x x
x
'
1
= 1
1
1
!
1
= 1
1
1+

t

2
1
a y x
b x
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
. Khi h cho tr thnh
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2 2 2
1( )
2 2 1 2 2
2
1
1 1
1
1
b L
a b b b b
a
b
b
a b a b
a b
b b
b
'
1
=
1
' '
1 1
1
= = ' 1 1
1 1 =
1 1
= 1 1 1 1

= = = ! ! ! !
1 1 1 1 =
= = 1 1 1 1
+
1 1 1
=
1 1 + + 1
1
+

Vi
2
2
1
a
x y
b
'
1 =
1
= = =
!
1 =
1
+

Vy h phng trnh cho c duy nht nghim 2 x y = = .

( )
3
3
1 2 (9 5 )
(5 1) 1 3
xy y xy
xy y y
'
1
1 =
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Gii

Nhn thy 0 y = khng l nghim ca h
Xt 0 y = h cho c bin i thnh

3
3
1
1
( ) 2(9 5 )
2(9 5 )
1
1 3
3 5 0
(5 1)
xy
x xy
xy
y
y
y
x xy
x y
y
y
'
1 '
1 1
1
1
1
= = 1
1

1
1
1 1
( )
=
! !
1 1
1 1
=
1 1 =
1 1
1 1 +
1+

t
1
, 9 5 a x b xy
y
= = ta c h
3
2 2
4 6 0
a a b
b a b
' '
1 1 = =
1 1 1
=
! !
1 1 = =
1 1
+ 1+

Vi
2
4
a
b
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
ta c h
1
1 2
1
9 5 4
x x
y
y
xy
'
1
' 1
1 = =
1
1 1
=
! !
1 1 =
1 1
= +
1
1+

Vy h cho c nghim 1 x y = =

( )
2
1 1 4 3
3
2
2
x y x y x y
x y
'
1
1 =
1
1
!
1
= 1
1
1+

Gii
K: 0 x y _ .
2
(1) 1 3( ) 4( ) 1
2 2 1
(2 2 1)(2 2 1) 0
1 3( )
1
(2 2 1)( 2( ) 1) 0
1 3( )
2 2 1 0
pt x y x y x y
x y
x y x y
x y x y
x y x y
x y x y
x y
= =

= =

= =

= =

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T ta c h

2
2 2 1 0
3
3
1
2
2
6
x y
x
x y
x
'
1
'
1 1 =
=
1 1
1 11 1
=
! !
1 1
=
1 1
=
1 1
1+
1
1+

( )
3 2
2
3 9 3 1
9 2 3.
x y x xy
x x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Gii

( )( )
( )
2 2
2
3 3 1 3 1
3 1
3 2 3 3
x x x y x x
hpt
x y
x x x y
'
' 1
1
= =
1
1
1 1
= =
! !
1 1 =
=
1 1
1+ 1+
hoc
2
3 2
1
3
2
x x
x y
'
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
=
1
1
1+

Nu
2
3 13
3 1
2
3 1
11 3 13
2
x
x x
x y
y
'
1

1
1 ' =
1
= 1
1
1 1
=
! !
1 1 =

1 1
1+
1 =
1
1+
hoc
3 13
2
11 3 13
2
x
y
'
1

1
1 =
1
1
!
1

1
1 =
1
1+

Nu
2 3 17
3 2
2
1
3 10 3 17
2
2
x x
x
x y
y
'
1

1 '
1
=
1 =
1
1
1
1 1
=
! !
1 1
=
1 1
1 1 =
1+
1
1+
hoc
3 17
2
10 3 17
2
x
y
'
1

1
1 =
1
1
!
1

1
1 =
1
1+

Bi 62 Gii h phng trnh
2 2 2 2
2
( )( 3) 3( ) 2 (1)
4 2 16 3 8 (2)
x y x xy y x y
x y x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

( )
, x y
Gii
K:
16
2,
3
x y _ _
3 3
(1) ( 1) ( 1) 2 x y y x = = = = Thay y = x - 2 vao (2) c
2
4( 2) 3( 2)
4 2 22 3 8 ( 2)( 2)
2 2 22 3 4
x x
x x x x x
x x

= = =

2
4 3
( 2) 0(*)
2 2 22 3 4
x
x
x x

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Xt f(x) = VT(*) trn
21
2;
3
(
(

, c f(x) > 0 nn hm s ng bin. suy ra 1 x = l nghim duy
nht ca (*)
Vy h phng trnh c 2 nghim ( ) ( ) 2;0 , 1; 3 .

2 2
2 2
12
12
x y x y
y x y
'
1
= 1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

( )
, x y
Gii
iu kin: | | | | x y _
t
2 2
; 0 u x y u
v x y
'
1
= _ 1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
; x y = khng tha h nn xt x y = ta c
2
1
2
u
y v
v
1

=

( )
.
H phng trnh cho c dng:

2
12
12
2
u v
u u
v
v
'
1 =
1
1
1
1
!

1 =
1

1
( )
1+

n y s dng phng php rt th ta d dng tm ra kt qu bi ton.
( )
2
2
4 2 2 2
4 3
x y x y y
x x y x y
'
1
1
=
1
!
1
= 1
1+

( )
, x y
Gii
H tng ng
2
2 2 2
(1 2 ) 0 (1)
( ) 3 (1 2 ) 0 (2)
x y x y
x y x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Thay (1) vo (2) c
( )
2
2 2
0
1
(1 2 ) 3 (1 2 ) 0 2 (1 2 )(2 ) 0
2
2
x
x y x y x y y y
y
= = = = =

Vi x = 0 suy ra y = 0
Vi 1 2 0 y = thay vo (1) suy ra
2
1
2
x y

= = (V l)
Vi y = 2 suy ra x = 1 hoc x = 2
H c 3 nghim (0; 0), (1; 2), (2; 2).

2 2
5 3 6 7 4 0
( 2) 3 3
x y y x
y y x x
'
1
= 1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
( , ) x y R .
( )
, x y
Gii
Phng trnh th (2) =
2
(2 ) 3 3 0 y x y x = c xem l phng trnh bc hai theo n y c
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2
( 4) x ^ =
Phng trnh c hai nghim:
2 4
3
2
2 4
1
2
x x
y
x x
y x
= =
= =
Thay y = -3 vo pt th nht ta c pt v
nghim
Thay 1 y x = vo pt th nht ta c:
2 2
x 5 2 6 5 5 0 x x x = (3)
Gii (3): t
2
5 5 x x = t , iu kin t_0
( )
( )
2
1
3 6 7 0
7 ( )
t tm
t t
t ktm
= = =

Vi t=1 =
2
5 5 x x =1=
1 2
4 5
x y
x y
= = =
= = =
( tha mn)
Vy, h phng trnh c 2 nghim l: (1;2)v (4;5)

2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 5 2 0
1 2 2 1
x y x y y
y x y xy x x xy y y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

( , ) x y R .
Gii
T phng trnh (2) ta c /k : , 0 x y y _ _
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
1 1 y y y x y x y x y = .
Xt hm s
( )
2 2
1 f t t t t = lin tuc
)
0;
c
( )
/
2
1
2
.2 1
t
f t t
t t
=

2
1 1
2 0 0
2 1
t t
t t
1

= < \

( )
Suy ra hm s nghch bin
( )
0; nn
( ) ( )
2 f y f x y x y = = =
Thay vo (1) ta c
( )( )
2
2 1 0 2 y x x y = = = 4 x = = .Vy h c nghim (x ;y) = (4 ; 2).

( )
( )( )
3 1 4 2 1 1 3
2 4 6 3
x x y y
x y x y x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Gii
iu kin:
1
; 1
3
x y _ _
( ) ( )
2
2 2
(2) 3 2 6 4 0; 3 5 y x y x x x = = ^ = Vy ta c:
1 0
2 4 0
y x
x y

1 0 y x = v nghim v
1
; 1
3
x y _ _
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2 4 0 2 4 x y y x = = = , thay vo (1) ta c:
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
3 1 4 2 1 2 3 3 2 4
2 3 1 3 1 2 2 3 2 3 *
x x x x
x x x x
=
= =

( )
* 3 1 2 3 4 12 x x x y = = = = = = .Kt lun:
( ) ( )
, 4;12 x y = .

2 2
5 5
3 3
3
31
7
x xy y
x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
=
1
1

1+

Gii
iu kin ca phng trnh x y =
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
5 5
5 5 3 3
3 3
3
3 1
31
7 31 2
7
x xy y
x xy y
x y
x y x y
x y
'
1
=
'
1 1
=
1 1
1 1
=
! !
1 1
= =
1 1
1+
1

1+

Ly (2) nhn 3 kt hp vi (1) ta c phng trnh ng bc
( ) ( )( ) ( )
5 5 2 2 3 3 5 4 3 2 4 4
21 31 10 31 31 31 10 0 3 x y x xy y x y x x y x y xy y = = = .
R rng 0 x y = = khng phi l nghim h phng trnh. t x ty = thay vo (3) ta c:
( )
( )( )
5 5 4 3 5 4 3
4 3 2
4 3 2
10 31 31 31 10 0 10 31 31 31 10 0
1 0
1 10 21 10 21 10 0
10 21 10 21 10 0
y t t t t t t t t
t
t t t t t
t t t t
= = =
= = =

Vi 1 0 1 t t = = = hay 0 x y x y = = = (loi).
Vi
( )
4 3 2
10 21 10 21 10 0 3 t t t t = . V 0 t = khng phi l nghim ca phng trnh (3) chia
hai v phng trnh cho
2
t ta c:
2
2
1 1
10 21 10 0 t t
t t
1 1

=

( ) ( )
,
t
2 2 2 2
2 2
1 1 1
2; u 2 2 u t u t t u
t t t
= = _ = = = . Khi (3) tr thnh
2
2
5
10 21 10 0
5
2
u loai
u u
u
= =

Vi
5
2
u = ta c
2
2
1 5
2 5 2 0
1
2
2
t
t t t
t t
= = = =

Vi 2 t = ta c 2 x y = th vo (1) ta c
2 2
3 3 1 1 y y y = = = = = tng ng 2 x = .
Vi
1
2
t = ta c 2 y x = th vo (1) ta c
2 2
3 3 1 1 x x x = = = = = tng ng 2 y = .
Vy h cho c bn nghim l
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1; 2 , 1;2 , 2; 1 , 2;1 .
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3 4
2 2 3
7
2 9
x y y
x y xy y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Gii
H phng trnh
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
3 3
2
7 1
9 2
y x y
y x y
'
1
=
1
1
=
!
1
=
1
1+

T h suy ra .y 0; y, y 0 x x = = .
Ly phng trnh (1) ly tha ba, phng trnh (2) ly tha bn. Ly hai phng trnh thu c
chia cho nhau ta thu c phng trnh ng bc:
( )
( )
3
3 3 3
3
8 4
4
7
9
y x y
y x y
.
t x ty = ta c phng trnh:
( )
( )
( )
3
3
3
8 4
1
7
3
9
1
t
t
. T phng trnh ny suy ra 1 t .

Xt
( )
( )
( )
3
3
8
1
; t 1.
1
t
f t
t
= \

( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2 3 2 8 7 7
2 3 3 3 3 2 3
8 8
2 7
3 3 2
8
9 1 1 8 1 1 1 1 9 9 8 8
f'
1 1
1 1 9 8
0 1
1
t t t t t t t t t t
t
t t
t t t t
t
t

= =

= \

Vy f(t) ng bin vi mi 1 t . Nhn thy 2 t = l nghim ca (3). Vy 2 t = l nghim duy nht.
Vi 2 t = ta c 2 x y = th vo (1) ta c
4
1 1 y y = = = (v 0 y ) suy ra 2 x = .
Vy h c nghim l
( )
2;1 .
1 1
2 2 (1)
1 1
2 2 (2)
y
x
x
y
'
1
1
1 =
1
1
1
!
1
1
= 1
1
1
1+

K:
1 1
,
2 2
x y _ _ .
Tr v hai pt ta c
1 1 1 1
2 2 0
y x
x y
= =
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( )
1 1
2 2
0 0
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
y x y x y x y x
xy xy x y
xy
y x y x
1

( )
= = =
1

( )

TH 1. 0 y x y x = = = th vo (1) ta c
1 1
2 2
x
x
=
t
1
, 0 t t
x
= ta c
2
2 2 2
2 0 2
2 2 1 1
2 4 4 2 1 0
t t
t t t x
t t t t t
' '
1 1 _ _
1 1
1 1
= = = = = = =
! !
1 1 = =
1 1
1 1 + +
v 1 y =
TH 2.
( )
1 1
0
1 1
2 2
xy x y
xy
y x
=
1

( )
. TH ny v nghim do K.
Vy h c nghim duy nht (1; 1).

2 2
2 2
8
2 2
2 1
3 3 5 8
x y
y
x y
y x
'
1
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
1

1
=
1
1
( )
1
+

iu kin: . 0 x y =
Quy ng ri th
( )
1 vo
( )
2 , ta c:
( ) ( )
3 3 2 2 2 2
3 3 5 2 2 2 2 2 x y xy xy x x y y y y x y y y =
( )( )
2 2
2 1 0 2 x y x xy y x y = = = = thay vo
( )
1 , ta c:
3 2
4 2 2 8 0 1 2 y y y y x = = = = =
KL:
( )
2;1 S = .
6 3 2 2 2
3 3 2 2
2
8 2 1 4 2 1 (2 )
y y x xy x y
xy y x x y
'
1
= 1
1
!
1
_
1
1+

Gii
2
6 3 2
6 3 2
1 1 1 1
(1) (1) 2
4 2 2 2
2 2 4 1 (3)
VP xy VT y y x
y y x
1

= _ = = _

( )
= _

T (2) v (3) suy ra:
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3 3 6 3 2 2 2
3 6 2 2
3 6 2 2
2 6 3 2 3 2
8 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 1 (2 )
8 2 2 8 2 1 (2 )
4 1 4 1 (2 )
1 1 (2 ) 4 4 ( 2 ) (4)
xy y y y x x x y
xy y x x y
xy y x x y
x y y xy x y x
_
= _
= _
= _ =

(4) 0, (4) 0 VT VP _ _ . Do :
3 3
0
0
1
2 2
(4)
2
2
1
1
2
1
x
y
y x y x
x
y x y y
y
x
y
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
'
1
' '
1 1 1 = =
=
1 1 1 1 1 1
= = =
! ! !
1 1 1 = =
1 1 1 =
1 1 + +
1
1+
'
1
1
=
11
!
1 =
1
1+

Th li ch c:
1
( ; ) ( ; 1)
2
x y = tha mn.
Vy h cho c nghim duy nht
1
( ; ) ( ; 1)
2
x y = .
( )
( )
2
2
2
2 2
2
0 1
1
2 1 3 2
y
x y
x x
x
x y
y
'
1
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
1
= 1
1
1
+

Gii
T PT (1) ta c:
2 2
( 1 ) 0 x y x x y = do 0 y =

2
1 0 (3)
x
y x x
y
= =
T
( )
(2) & 3 ta c:
2
1
2 3 0
3
x
y
x x
y
y y
x
y y
y
y
=
1 1

= =

( ) ( )
=

Thay vo
( )
3 gii ra ta c nghim
( )
0; 1
3
3
2 2 2 2 1 1
3 1 8 2 1
0
x y x y xy
y x y
x
'
1
=
1
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
1
1
1+

Gii
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Ta c (1) =
( ) ( ) ( )( )
2 1 2 1 2 1 1 0 x y x y =
K: (2x + 1)(y + 1) _ 0
M x > 0
2 1 0
1 0
x
y
'
1
1
=
!
1 _
1
+

Ta c PT (1)
( )( )
2 1 1 2 1 2 1 0 x y x y = =
2 1 1 0 x y = =
2 y x = =
Thay vo (2):
3 3
6 1 8 4 1 x x x =

( ) ( )
3
3
6 1 6 1 2 2 x x x x = = (3)
Hm s f(t) = t
3
+ t ng bin trn R
(3)
3
6 1 2 x x = =
3
1
4 3
2
x x = =
Nhn xt: x >1 khng l nghim ca phng trnh
Xt 0 x < _1: t x = cos vi 0
2
_ <

1
cos 3
2
= =

2
9 3
2
9 3
k
k

(k Z )
Do 0
2
_ _
9
= =
Vy h c nghim: cos ;2cos
9 9

1

( )

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
4
2 2
4 4
3 4
9 7
3
3ln 0
64 32 8 3
x y x y
x y x y
x y x
y
'
1
1 =
1
1
1
! 1

1
1 =
1

1 ( )
1+

Gii
Theo BT Cauchy ta c
( ) ( ) ( )
4 4
4
1 1 1 4 .1.1.1 4 4 x y x y x y x y _ = _
Du bng xy ra 1 (*) x y = = .
T kt hp vi iu kin:
3
0 2 , 3
3
x
x y
y
= < <
.
PT th hai ca h
( ) ( )
4 2 4 2
9 7 9 7
3ln 3 3ln 3
64 32 8 64 32 8
x x x y y y
x y = = .
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Xt hm s f(x) =
( )
4 2
9 7
3ln 3
64 32 8
x x x
x ( vi x < 3 )
( )
( )( )
3
3
'
9 14 3 48
9 7 3
16 16 8 3 16( 3)
x x x
x x
f x
x x

= =

( ) ( )
2
2
4 3 2
1 6
3 9 13 6
0
16( 3) 16( 3)
x x x
x x x x
x x

= = _

( v x < 3).
Suy hm s nghch bin trn (-2; 3), vy f(x) = f(y) x y = = ( **).
T (*), (**) c x = y =
1
2
.
( )( )
2
2 2
2
5
9
2 6 ln
9
3 1 0
y y
x y x xy y
x x
x y xy
' 1
1
1

1
=
1
1

!
( )
1
1
1
=
1
1+

Gii
T
( )( )
2
2 2
2
9
2 6ln
9
y y
x y x xy y
x x
1

( )

( ) ( )
( )
3 2 3 2
2 6ln 9 2 6ln 9 1 x x x x y y y y = =
Xt
( )
( )
3 2
2 6ln 9 f t t t t t t =
( )
2 2
2 2
6 2 2
' 3 2 3
3
9 9
f t t t
t t
1

= =

( )

Ta c
( )
2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 29 9 1 1 26 29
9 9
3 3 27 27 3
9 9 9 9
t
t t t
t t t t
= =

( )
2
26 29 26 29 29
1 9 1 0
27 3 3 3 3
t _ _ = =
Suy ra
( )
' 0 f t t _ \ =hm s ng bin v lin tc trn R
M (1)
( ) ( )
f x f y x y = = = =
Thay vo phng trnh cn li ca h ta c
( )
6 2
3 1 0 2 x x =
t
( )
2
0 x u u = _ suy ra
3
3 1 u u = (3)
Xt
( )
3
3 1 g u u u = vi 0 u _

( )
2
' 3 3 g u u = c
( )
' 0 1 g u u = = =

Ta c bng bin thin ca hm s:

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u -1 0 1 2
g(u) + 0 - - 0 +
g(u)

Cn c vo BBT phng trnh (3) c nghim duy nht thuc (0; 2)
t 2cos u = vi 0;
2

( )

Khi (3) tr thnh:
1
os3 = = 2cos
2 9 9
c x

= = =
Vy h c nghim 2cos ; 2cos ; 2cos ; 2 cos
9 9 9 9

1 1

( ) ( )

2 2
2 2 8
2
x y x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Gii
Ta c:
( )
( )
2
2 2
2
2 2
1
2
2
4
1
2
2
x y x y
x y x y
x y x y
'
1
1
_ =
1
1
1
= _
!
1
1
_ =
1
1
1+

Theo BT Cauchy ta c:
2 2 2 2
4
2 2 2 2 2. 2 8
x y y x x y x y
_ _ =
PT du = xy ra. T ta c x = y = 1.
Vy h c nghim duy nht (1; 1).
( )
2 3
2
3
8 2 (1 2 )
2 1
4 1
3
x y xy y
y
x x
'
1
=
1
1
1
!

1
1
=
1
1
+

Gii
K: t PT (2) ,suy ra x> 0
Ta c PT (1)
2 2
( 2 ) 4 (2 ) ( 2 )( 4 ) 0 2 x x y y y x x y x y x y = = = = = = ( v x+4y
2
> 0 )
Thay vo phng trnh (2) c
3 2
3 4 2 4 (*) x x x x =
Ap dng bt dng thc Cauchy tac
2 2
2 2 2
2
3 3
4 4 3 3
2 4 ( 4) 2 ( 4 ) 2
4 4 4 4
3 4 3
( 2 ) .2 4 3 4
2 2 2
x x
x x x x x x x x x
x
x x x x x

_ = = _ =
= _ =

Du ng thc xy ra khi x = 2. H phng trnh c nghim (2,1)

-1
-
33
1
+
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(Ch :Cch khc : Bnh phng 2 v ca pt (*)
2 2
( 2) ( 4) 0 x x x = = )
2 2
4 8 ( 2)
( , )
3 3 2 1
xy y x x
x y R
x y y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Gii
( )( )
2
2
4
(1) 4 2 0
2
x
x y x
x y
= = =

Vi 4 x = thay vo pt (2) ta c 10 3 10 y =
Vi
2
2 x y = th vo pt (2) ta c
2
5 3 2 1 y y y = (*)
Ta c
2 2
5 2 1 ( 1) 5 2 1 5 2 5(2 1) 3 2 1 y y y y y y y y = _ _
Do pt (*) v nghim.
KL: Nghim ca h 4 x = , 10 3 10 y = .

3 3
2 2
8 2
3 3( 1)
x x y y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Gii
Ta c PT (1)
3 3
2 2
2(4 )(1)
3 6(2)
x y x y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

3 2 2
x x y 12xy 0 = =
0
3
4
x
x y
x y
= =

Thay c 3 trng hp x vo
( )
2 H c cc nghim l:
( ) ( )
6 6 6 6
3;1 , 3; 1 , ( 4 ; ),(4 ; )
13 13 13 13

( )
2 2
2 2
8 3 2
4 2 3 2 5
x y xy y x
x y x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Gii
iu kin:
2
3
x
y
'
1 _
1
!
1 _
1
+
, phng trnh
( )( )
0
(1) 2 8 0
2 8
x y
x y x y
x y
= = =
.
Vi 2 8 x y =
Ta c :
2 2
2 8
3 2 6
x x
x y
y y
' '
1 1 _ _
1 1
= = _
! !
1 1 _ _
1 1
+ +

Khi :
2
2 8
3
x
x y
y
'
1 =
1
= =
!
1 =
1
+
khng tha h.
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Vi 0 x y y x = = = thay vo phng trnh (2)
Ta c PT
2
(2) 4 2 3 5 x x x = =
iu kin: 3 2 x _ _
Ta c
( ) ( )
( )( )
2
1 1
(2) 4 2 1 3 2 1 4 1 1
2 1 3 2
x x
x x x x x
x x

= = = =

1 1
4 1
1 0 (*)
2 1 3 2
x y
x
x x
= = =

Xt phng trnh (*), t
4 1
( ) 1
2 1 3 2
f x x
x x
=

Ta c:
( ) ( )
( )
'
2 2
2 1
( ) 1 0; 3;2
2 2 1 2 3 3 2
f x x
x x x x
= \

Mt khc ( ) f x lin tc trn 3;2
l
l
l
, suy ra ( ) f x ng bin trn 3;2
l
l
l
.
Ta c: ( 2) 0 f = , suy ra (*) c nghim duy nht 2 2 x y = = = .
Kt hp iu kin, h c hai nghim
( ) ( )
1; 1 , 2;2 .
2
2
3( )(1 2) 2 2 1
2 2 2 2
y y x x x
y y x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Gii
K: 2. x _ Ta c
2
2
3( )(1 2) 2 2 1
2 2 2 2
y y x x x
y y x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
2
2
3( )(1 2) ( 2 2 2 1) 2
2( ) 1 2 3
y y x x x
y y x
'
1
=
1
1
=
!
1
=
1
1+

t
2
1 2
a y y
b x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
ta c
2
2
1
3 2 3 2
11 4
2 3 10 21 11 0
,
10 5
a b
b a ab b
a b a a
a b
= =
' '
1 1 = =
1 1
1 1
= =
! !
1 1 = =
= =
1 1
1 1 + +

Vi a=b=1 suy ra h c hai nghim l :
1 5
2,
2
1 5
2,
2
x y
x y
= =
= =
V
4
1 2 1
5
b x b = _ = = khng
tha mn. Vy h ch c 2 nghim nh trn.
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( )( )
3
3
2 2 2 1 1 1
3 2 8 2 2
x y x y
y x y
'
1
= 1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
, vi 0 x _ v , x y R .
Gii
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iu kin: (2 1)( 1) 0 x y _ ,
Phng trnh
( ) ( ) ( )( )
(1) 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 0 x y x y = = . T gi thit 0 x _ ta c
2 1 0 1 0 x y = _ . t 2 1, 1 a x b y = = ta c (1) tr thnh:
2 2
2 0 a b ab =
( ) ( ) ( )( )
2 2 2
0 2 0
2 0( )
a b
a b ab b a b a b
a b l
= = = = =

Vi a b = ta c: 2 1 1 2 x y y x = = = thay vo phng trnh (2) ta c:
( ) ( )
3
3 3 3
6 2 8 4 2 6 2 6 2 2 2 x x x x x x x = = = , (*).
Xt hm s
3
( ) f t t t = ta c
2
'( ) 3 1 0, f t t t R = \ = hm s ( ) f t ng bin trn R
Do
3 3
(*) 6 2 2 8 6 2 0 PT x x x x = = = =
2
1 ( )
2( 1)(4 4 1) 0
1
( )
2
x n
x x x
x l
= = =
. Vi 1 2 x y = = =
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
5 2 3
2
2 2
5 4 3 2 0 1
2 2
x y xy y x y
xy y x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
Gii
T (2) ta c :
( )( )
2 2 2 2
1 2 0 1 2 xy x y xy x y = = = . =
- Vi xy = 1; t (1) suy ra :
4 2
2 1 0 1 y y y = = = . Vy h c nghim (x;y)=(1;1),(-1;-1).
- Vi :
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 1 3 4 2 2 0 x y y x y xy x y x y = = = =
( )
2 2
6 4 2 2 0 y xy x y x y = =
( )( )
1 2 0 1 2 xy y x xy x y = = = . =
Xt : xy = 1 . gii trn
Vi : x = 2y , thay vo
( )
2 2
2 10 10 2 10 10
2 ; ; , ;
5 5 5 5
x y x y
1 1

= = =

( ) ( )

Vy h c nghim : (x;y)=(1;1),(-1;-1),
2 10 10 2 10 10
; , ;
5 5 5 5
1 1

( ) ( )

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
4 2 2 2 2 2
1 6 2 1
2 1 12 1 2
x y y
x y x y y x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
Gii
iu kin : 0; 1 y y = =
Khi :
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
4 4 9 1
1 1 6 2 2 ; 3
1 1
y y
x y y y y x x
y y

= = = = =

.
Thay vo (2) , ta c :
( )( )
4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
6 2 12 1 2 3 1 0 x y x y y y y y x x y y = = =
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( )( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2 2
1 2
1
4 1 9 1
1
1
4 9 1 1
0
1
3
y x
y
y y y
y
y y y
y x
y
= =
=
= = = =
= = =

2
2
2 4
1 1
3
x y y x xy
x
xy y x
'
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
=
1
1
1+
.
Gii
iu kin : 0, 0 x y = = . Chia hai v phng trnh (1) cho xy , thm 1 vo hai v ca phng trnh
(2) v nhm chuyn v dng tch
1 1 1
4
1 1 1
4
x
x x y
x
x x y
'
1
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1 1
1

1
=
1

1
( )( )
1
+

t :
4
1 1 1
; 4
4
u v
u x v u v
uv
x x y
'
1 =
1
= = = = = =
!
1 =
1
+
.
n y bi ton tr thnh n gin.

2
2 3
2
2 3
2
2 9
2
2 9
xy
x x y
x x
xy
y y x
y y
'
1
1
=
1
1
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1
1
1+
.
Gii
Cng hai v phng trnh ca h v vi v ta c :
2 2
2 2 3 3
2 2
2 9 2 9
xy xy
x y
x x y y
=

. Ta c : x = y = 0 l mt nghim ca h .
Ta c :
( )
2
2 3
3
2 9 1 8 2 2 x x x VT xy xy xy = _ = _ = . Khi :
2 2
2 VP x y xy = _ .
Cho nn du bng ch xy ra khi : x = y = 1. Vy h c hai nghim : (x; y)=(0;0); (1;1).
( )( )( )
( )( )( )
2 4 7
2 4 7
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
x x x y
y y y x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
Gii
D thy : x = y = 0 hoc x = y = -1 l nghim ca h
Xt : x > 0
Ta c:
( )( )( )
7 2 4 2 3 4 5 6 7 7
1 1 1 1 1 1 y x x x x x x x x x x x y x = = =
Ta c:
( )( )( )
7 2 4 2 3 4 5 6 7 7
1 1 1 1 1 1 x y y y y y y y y y y y x y = = =
Vy h v nghim . Tng t khi y>0 h cng v nghim
Xt : x < -1
7
1 0 1 x y = < = <
Ta c : 1+
( ) ( ) ( )
2 3 4 5 6 7 7
1 x x x x x x x x y x = . Tng t khi 1 y < ta c x y >
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H cng v nghim
Xt trng hp 1 0 x < < . H cng v nghim .
Kt lun : H c nghim : ( ) ( ) ( ) ; 0;0 ; 1; . 1 x y =
1
3 (1 ) 2 (1)
1
7 (1 ) 4 2 (2)
x
x y
y
x y
'
1
1
=
1
1

1
!
1
1
=
1
1

1+
.
Gii
K 0, 0. x y _ _ D thy x = 0 hoc y = 0 khng tha mn h. Vi x > 0, y > 0 ta c :
1 2 1 2 2
1 1
1 1 8 3 3 7
1 4 2 3 7
1 1 2 2
1
7
3 7
x y
x x y
x y x y
x y
x y y
x y
'
1 '
1
1
1
1 = =
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
= = =
! !
1 1

1 1
=
1 1 =
1 1
1 1
1+
1
+
( nhn v vi v)
2 2
21 (7 24 )( ) 24 38 7 0 6 xy y x x y x xy y y x = = = = = = (v x, y dng).
Thay vo phng trnh (1) ta c
1 2 1 1 1 2
. 1 0 7 .
7
3 3 21
x
x x
1

= = =

( )

T d dng suy ra x v y.
3 2
2 2
3 49 (1)
8 8 17 (2)
x xy
x xy y y x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
Gii
Vi h ny, c hai n v hai phng trnh u kh c th rt n ny theo n kia. Tuy nhin, nu rt
2
y t (2) v th vo (1) th ta c mt phng trnh m n y ch c bc 1:
3 2 3 2 2
3 ( 8 8 17 ) 49 24 ( 1) 2 2 49 49 (3) x x x xy y x xy x x x x = = =
Nu x=0 th (1) v l.
Nu x=-1 th h tr thnh
2
16 4 y y = = = .
Nu 1 & 0 x x = = th t (3) suy ra
2
2 49 49
24
x x
y
x

= . Th tr li phng trnh (2) ta c
2
2 2 2
2
2 49 49 2 49 49 2 49 49
8 . 17
24 24 3
x x x x x x
x x x
x x x
1

=

( )

2
2 2
4 2 2
4 3 2 3
3 2
2 49 49 49
192 (2 49 49) 49.192
3 24 3
196 196 2205 4606 2401 0 196 2205 2401 0
196 196 2205 2205 0 196 196 2401 0
x x x
x x x x
x x
x x x x x x
x x x x
1

= = = =

( )
= = = =
= = = =

Phng trnh cui cng v nghim, chng t h ch c hai nghim (-1;4) v (-1;-4).
5 4 10 6
2
(1)
4 5 8 6 (2)
x xy y y
x y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
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Gii
K:
5
.
4
x _ Nu y = 0 th t phng trnh (1) ta suy ra x = 0, th vo phng trnh (2) ta thy
khng tha mn, vy y khc 0.
t x = ky ta c (1) tr thnh :
5 5 5 10 6 5 5
k y ky y y k k y y = = = (3). Xt hm s
5
( ) f t t t = trn , ta c
4
'( ) 5 1 0 . f t t t = \ Do f(t) l hm s ng bin trn , vy
2
(3) ( ) ( ) . f k f y k y x y = = = = = = Th vo (2) ta c
2 2
4 5 8 6 5 13 2 4 37 40 36 2 4 37 40 23 5 x x x x x x x x = = = = =
2 2 2
23 5 0 5 23 1
41 16 148 160 25 230 529 9 378 369 0
x x x
x x x x x x x
' '
1 1 _ _ =
1 1
1 1
= = =
! !

1 1 = = =
1 1
1 1 + +

Suy ra x = 1 v do 1 y = .
2 2 4
4
2 2 2 2 2
3 3
x x y y
x y
'
1
= 1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
Gii
iu kin:
2
2
2 2 0
0 2 2 0
3 0
3 0
x x
x y y
y x
y
'
1
_
1
1
1
'
1 _ _ 1
1 1
=
! !
1 1 _ _
1 1
+
1
1
_
1
1+

M:
2 2 2
2 2
2 4
2 2 ( 1) 1 1 2 2 1
2 2 ( 1) 1 1
2 2 1
x x x x x
y y y
y y
'
1 '
1
= _ _ 1
1
1 1
=
! !
1 1
= _
_
1 1
1+
1+

2 2 4
2 2 2 2 2 x x y y = _
Vy (1) c nghim x = y = 1 tha (2).
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 5 2 0
1 2 2 1
x y x y y
y x y xy x x xy y y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
Gii
K: 0; 0 0 x y y x y _ _ = _ _
T (2) :
( )
2
2 2 2 2
1 2 1 y x y y y xy x x y y = =
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
1 1 y y y x y x y x y =
Xt hm s :
( )
2 2
2 2
1 1 1
( ) 1 0 '( ) 2 2 0
2 2 1 1
t
f t t t t t f t t t
t t t t
1

= _ = = = <

( )

(V :
2
2 2
1 1
1 1 0 1 2 0
1 1
t
t t
_ = _ _ = <

vi mi t>0 )
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Nh vy h c nghim ch xy ra khi : y x y = hay x = 2y .
Thay vo (1) :
( ) ( )
2 2
2 3 2
2 2 2 2 5 2 0 4 10 5 2 0 y y y y y y y y = = =
( )( )
2
2 4 2 1 0 2 y y y y = = = = v :
2
4 2 1 0 y y = v nghim .
Vy h c nghim : (x; y) = (4; 2).

( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
1
8
1
2
2 4 3 2 1
3 7
2 2
2 2
y
x
x y
y x
x y
'
1
1
= 1
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1
1+
.
Gii
iu kin : , 0 x y _
Ta c PT (1)
( ) ( )
( )
4 4
2
2.2 3 2.2 3 2
x y
x y = =
Xt hm s :
( )
4 3
( ) 2. 3 0 '( ) 8 3 0 f t t t t f t t = _ = = . Chng t f(t) lun ng bin .
Do vy phng trnh (1) c nghim ch khi :
( )
2 4 * x y x y = = =
Thay vo (2) :
( )
( )
4
5 3 7
2 5
2 2
y
y = . Xt hm s : f(t)=
4 4
3
3 3
2 '( ) 4 .2 0
2 2
t
t f t t = = .
Nhn xt : f(1) = 2 +
3 7
2 2
= . Suy ra t = 1 l nghim duy nht .
( )
1
4
4 1
5
; ;
4
5 5 5 1
5
y
x y
x y
y
x
'
1
1
' =
1 1 = 1
1 1 1 1
= = = = ! !

1 1
= ( )
1 1
= 1+
1
1
1+

( )( )
( )
2 2
6 3
4 1 2 1
27x 8 2 (2)
x x y y
x y
'
1
1 =
1
!
1
= 1
1
+

Gii
Ta c PT (1)
( ) ( )
2
2
4 2 4 2 x x y y = =
Hm s
( )
2
4 f t t t = ng bin trn R nn
( )
1 2 x y = =
Th vo PT (2) ta c:

( ) ( ) ( )
6 3
2 3 3
3
3 3 3
27x 4x 3
3x 4x 3
1 1 4x 3 4x 3 3
x
x
x x x x
=
= =
= =

Li xt :
( )
3
g t t t = , ng bin trn R nn:
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( )
3 3
2
3 1 4x 2
3x 1 0
1 13
6
x x
x
x
= =
= =
= =

3
2
2 2 1 3 1
( , )
2 1 4 4
y y x x x
x y
y y x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Gii
iu kin: 4 1; x y _ _ .
Ta c PT
3 3
(1) 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 2(1 ) 1 1 y y x x x x y y x x x = = = =
Xt hm s
3
( ) 2 , f t t t = ta c
2
'( ) 6 1 0, ( ) f t t t f t = \ = ng bin trn . Vy
2
0
(1) ( ) ( 1 ) 1
1
y
f y f x y x
y x
'
1 _
1
1
= = = = =
!
1 =
1
1+

Th vo (2) ta c 3 2 1 4 4 x x x = (3). Xt hm s
( ) 3 2 1 4, g x x x x = lin tc trn [-4;1], ta c
1 1 1
'( ) 0
3 2 2 1 2 4
g x
x x x
= <

( 4;1) ( ) x g x \ = nghch bin trn [-4;1]. Li c
( 3) 4 g = nn 3 x = l nghim duy nht ca phng trnh (3).
Vi 3 x = suy ra 2. y = Vy h c nghim duy nht
3
2.
x
y
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+

2 2
2
( 1)( 1) 3 4 1(1)
1 (2)
x y x y x x
xy x x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Gii
Nhn xt x = 0 khng tha mn phng trnh (2) nn ta c th suy ra
2
1
1
x
y
x
= (3)
Thay (3) vo (1) ta c
2 2
2 2 2
1 1
( ) 3 4 1 ( 1)( 1)(2 1) ( 1)(3 1)
x x
x x x x x x x x x
x x

= = =
3 2 2
0
( 1)(2 2 4 ) 0 2 ( 1) ( 2) 0 1
2
x
x x x x x x x x
x
= = = = = =

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Loi nghim x = 0, vy phng trnh c hai nghim: ( )
5
1; 1 , 2;
2
| |
|
\

.
.
( ) ( )
2 3 4 6
2
2 2
2 1 1
x y y x x
x y x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Gii
Ta c h
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
( ) ( )
3
2 2 2 2 4
2 2 3 2
2
2
2 0
2 0
2 1 1
2 1 1
y x x y yx x
x y x y x
x y x
x y x
'
' 1
1
= 1 = 1
1 1
= =
! !
1 1
=
1 1 =
1 1+
+

Trng hp 1: y =
2
x , thay vo (2) :
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 1 1 2 2 2 0 2; x x x x t x t x t t x = = = = = =
2 2
2
1 2 3 3
.
1
x x x
x x x
= = = =
= = 2

Trng hp 2:
( )
2 2 2 4 2 2 2 4
2 0 yx 2 0 x y yx x y x x = = =
( )
4 2 4 4 2
4 2 3 8 0 0
y y
x x x x x x R = ^ = = < . ^ <
2 2 2 4
(, ) 2 0 , f y x y yx x x y = = . . Phng trnh v nghim .
Do h c hai nghim : (x;y)=
( ) ( )
3; 3 , 3; 3
Ch : Ta cn c cch gii khc
Phng trnh (1) khi x = 0 v y = 0 khng l nghim do khng tha mn (2).
Chia 2 v phng trnh (1) cho
( )
3
3 3
0 1 2 2
y y
x x x
x x
1 1

= = = =

( ) ( )

Xt hm s :
( ) ( )
3 2
2 ' 2 3 0 f t t t f t t t R = = = \ . Chng t hm s f(t) ng bin .
phng trnh c nghim th ch xy ra khi :
2
y
x y x
x
= = = . n y ta gii nh phn trn.
( )( )
2 2
1 1 1
6 2 1 4 6 1
x x y y
x x xy xy x
'
1
= 1
1
!
1
1 =
1
+

Gii
Ta c h
( )
( )
2
2
1 1
6 2 1 4 6 1
x x y y
x x xy xy x
' 1
1
1
=
1

1
( ) =
!
1
1
=
1
1+
. (nhn lin hp)
Xt hm s :
2
2
2 2 2
1
( ) 1 '( ) 1 0
1 1 1
t t
t t t
f t t t f t t R
t t t

= = = = _ \

Chng t hm s ng bin . ( ) ( ) f x f y = ch xy ra x y = (*)
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Thay vo phng trnh (2) :

2
2 2 2 2
25
6 2 1 4 6 1 2 6 1
2 4
x
x x x x x x x x
1

= = =

( )
2
2
2 6 1 3
2 6 1 2
x x x
x x x

Trng hp :
2
2 2 2
0 0
2 6 1 3 1; 1
2 6 1 9 7 6 1 0
x x
x x x x y
x x x x x
' '
1 1 _ _
1 1
1 1
= = = = = =
! !
1 1 = =
1 1
1 1 + +

Trng hp :
2
2 2 2
0 0
2 6 1 2
2 6 1 4 2 6 1 0
x x
x x x
x x x x x
' '
1 1 _ _
1 1
1 1
= = =
! !
1 1 = =
1 1
1 1 + +

3 11 3 11
;
2 2
x y

= = = . Vy h c hai nghim : (x; y) = (1;-1),(
3 11 3 11
;
2 2

)
( ) ( )
( )
3
2 3 2
8 3 2 1 4 0 1
4 8 2 2 3 0 2
x x y y
x x y y y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Gii
iu kin :
1
2
x _ .
Ta c PT (1)
( ) ( )
3
8 3 2 1 4 * x x y y = =
t
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 3
2 1 2 1 8 3 2 1 4 1 3 4 1 4 t x x t x x t t t t t t
l
= = = = = = =
l
l

Do (*) :
3 3
4 4 t t y y =
Xt hm s : f(u) =
( )
3 2
4 ' 12 1 0 u u f u u u R = = \ . Chng t hm s ng bin . Do
phng trnh c nghim khi : f(t) = f(y)
2
2 1 2 1(**) x y x y = = = =
Thay vo (2) :
( ) ( )
2
2 2 3 2 4 3 2
1 4 1 2 2 3 0 2 2 0 y y y y y y y y y = = =
( ) ( )( ) ( )( )( )
3 2 2
2 2 0 1 3 2 0 1 2 1 0 y y y y y y y y y y y y = = = = = =
Vy :
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
0
0 0 1
1
; ; 0 , ; 1;1
1
1 2 1 2 1 2
2
y
y y y
x y x y
x x y x y
x
'
1 =
' ' '
1 1 1 1 1 = = =
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= = = = ! ! ! !
1 1 1 1 = = =
( ) =
1 1 1 1
+ 1 1 + +
1
1+

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2
1 2 0
5
; 1; 0 , ; ; 2
5
1 2 1 2 1 2
2
y
y y y
x y x y
x x y x y
x
'
1 =
' ' '
1 1 1 1 1 = = =
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= = = = ! ! ! !

1 1 1 1 = = =
( ) =
1 1 1 1
+ 1 1 + +
1
1+
.
Ht

ng Xoi, ngy 05 thng 8 nm 2014
Chc qu thy c v cc em hc sinh c mt ti liu b ch.

Tuyen Tap 100 Bai He Phuong Trinh LTDH Nam Hoc 2014 2015

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Tuyen Tap 100 Bai He Phuong Trinh LTDH Nam Hoc 2014 2015

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. Suy ra hm s ng bin trn D.

. T phng trnh ny suy ra 1 t .

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