AQA Core 4 Modelling and differential equations

Section 2: Solving differential equations

Solutions to Exercise
1. (i)

(ii)

2.

dx k

dt t 3
dx
k x , where k is a positive constant.
dt

dy

y2

dx

dy 1 dx

y 1 x c
1
k x

3. x

1
kx

dy
dx

1
cos y
1

cos y dy x dx

sin y ln x c

When x 1, y 43 sin 43 ln 1 c c

sin y ln x

4.

dy
dx
1

1
2

1
2

xy

y dx x dx
ln y 21 x 2 c
When x = 0, y = 1 ln 1 0 c c 0

ln y 21 x 2

y e

1
2

x2

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AQA C4 Modelling 2 Exercise solutions

5. x y

dy

dx

dy

10

dx

10 x

y dy (10 x )dx
1
2

y 2 10 x 21 x 2 c

y 2 20 x x 2 k

6.

dm
m

dt
(1 t )2
1
2
dm (1 t ) dt

ln m (1 t )1 c
When t = 0, m = 10 ln 10 1 c
1
ln m
ln 10 1
1 t
1
1 (1 t )
ln m ln 10
1
1 t
1 t
ln

10

10

c ln 10 1

1 t

e 1 t
t

m 10e

1 t

When t becomes very large,

t
1 t

is very close to 1.

So m 10e 1 3.7
So there will be about 3.7 kg left.

7.

dy
dx
1

2x2y
( x 2 1)

dy

2x2
dx
( x 1)( x 1)

2x2
B
C
A

( x 1)( x 1)
x 1 x 1
2
2 x A( x 1)( x 1) B( x 1) C( x 1)
Putting x 1 2 2C C 1
Putting x 1 2 2B B 1
Using partial fractions,

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AQA C4 Modelling 2 Exercise solutions

Equating coefficients of x A 1
1
1
1

y dy 2 x 1 x 1 dx

ln y 2 x ln x 1 ln x 1 c
ln y 2 x ln

A( x 1)
x 1

replacing c by ln A

y( x 1)
2x
A( x 1)
y( x 1) 2 x
e
A( x 1)
A( x 1) 2 x
y
e
x 1

ln

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