AQA Core 4 Differentiation and integration

Section 2: Using partial fractions in integration

Solutions to Exercise
1. (i)

3x
A
B

( x 2)(2 x 1) x 2 2 x 1
3 x A(2 x 1) B( x 2)
Putting x 2 6 3A A 2
Putting x

1
2

3
2

23 B

3x

B 1

( x 2)(2 x 1) dx x 2 2 x 1 dx
2 ln x 2 21 ln 2 x 1 c
ln x 2 2 ln 2 x 1 2 c
1

ln

(ii)

( x 2)2
c
2x 1

x 1
A
B
C

2
x( x 1)
x x 1 ( x 1)2
x 1 A( x 1)2 Bx( x 1) Cx
Putting x 0 1 A
Putting x 1 2 C
Equating coefficients of x

x 1

x( x 1)

B 1

1
2
1

dx

dx
2
x x 1 ( x 1)
1
1

2( x 1)2 dx
x x 1

ln x ln x 1 2( x 1)1 c
ln

(iii)

0 A B

x
x 1

2
c
x 1

2x2 x 7
B
C
A

( x 3)( x 1)
x 3 x 1
2
2 x x 7 A( x 3)( x 1) B( x 1) C( x 3)
Putting x 1 4 4C C 1
Putting x 3 8 4B B 2
Equating coefficients of x 2 A

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AQA C4 Diff. & int. 2 Exercise solutions

2x2 x 7
2
1

( x 3)( x 1) dx 2 x 3 x 1 dx
2 x 2 ln x 3 ln x 1 c
2 x ln x 3 2 ln x 1 c
2 x ln ( x 3)2( x 1) c

2. (i) The derivative of 1 x x 2 is 1 2 x .

1 2x
2
1 x x 2 dx ln 1 x x c
(ii)

1
x 3x
1 A( x
Putting
Putting
2

1
A
B

2 ( x 1)( x 2) x 1 x 2
2) B( x 1)
x 1 1 A
x 2 1 B B 1

1
1
1
dx

dx
3x 2
x 1 x 2
ln x 1 ln x 2 c
ln

x 1
c
x 2

3. (i) The derivative of x 3 2 is 3 x 2

2
1
1 3x
x2
1
d
x

dx
3
0 x 3 2
0 x3 2

31 ln x 3 2

1
0

31 ln 3 ln 2
31 ln 23

2x2 x
B
C
A

(ii)
( x 1)( x 2)
x 1 x 2
2
2 x x A( x 1)( x 2) B( x 2) C( x 1)
Putting x 1 3 3B B 1
Putting x 2 6 3C C 2
Equating coefficients of x A 2
1
1
2x2 x
1
2
d
x

0 ( x 1)( x 2)
0 2 x 1 x 2 dx
1
2 x ln x 1 2 ln x 2 0
2 ln 2 ln 1 0 ln 1 2 ln 2
2 3ln 2
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AQA C4 Diff. & int. 2 Exercise solutions

4. (i)

1
1
A
B

x 4 ( x 2)( x 2) x 2 x 2
1 A( x 2) B( x 2)
Putting x 2 1 4A A 41
Putting x 2 1 4B B 41
2

1
1
1

dx

dx
4
4( x 2) 4( x 2)
41 ln x 2 41 ln x 2 c

1
x 2
ln
c
4
x 2

(ii) The derivative of x 2 4 is 2 x .

x
2x
x 2 4 dx 21 x 2 4 dx
21 ln x 2 4 c

5.

A B
C
2
x ( x 1) x x
x 1
1 Ax( x 1) B( x 1) Cx 2
Putting x 0 1 B
Putting x 1 1 C
1

Equating coefficients of x 0 A C

A 1

2
1
1
1
dx 2
dx
1
x ( x 1)
x 1
x x
2
1
1
x 2
dx
1
x 1
x

ln x x 1 ln x 1 1 .
2

x 1 1
ln

x
x 1

ln 23 21 ln 2 1
21 ln 43

6. The derivative of x 2 3 x 2 is 2 x 3 .
1
1
2x 3
2
0 x 2 3 x 2 dx ln x 3 x 2 0
ln 6 ln 2

ln 62
ln 3

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18/03/13 MEI