ConceptsofPercentage

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DeinitionofPerCent:
AFractionhavingDenominator100iscalledaPerCent&is
denotedbysymbol%.

#ToconverttheFractionintoPercentage

ToconvertafractionintoPercentage,multiplythefractionby100&put%sign.
ForEg:4/54/5*100=80%

#ToconvertPercentageintoaFraction

Toconvertapercentageintoafractionreplacethe%signwith1/100&reducethefractionto
simplestform.
ForEg:20%20/100=1/5

#ToconvertPercentageintoRatio

Toconvertapercentageintoaratio, irstconvertthegivenpercentageintoafractioninsimplest
form&thentoaratio.
ForEg:25%25/100=1/4=1:4

ImportantConcepts:
1.100%ofaNumber=Numberitself
Foreg:100%of500=500
2.50%ofanumber=Halfofthenumber
Foreg:50%of500=500/2=250
3.25%ofanumber=Quarter(1/4th)ofthenumberorHalfof50%ofthenumber
Foreg:25%of500willbe500/4or250/2=125
4.To indthe1%ofanumber,shiftthedecimalpointby2placetotheleft.
Foreg:1%of500willbe5.00
5.To indthe10%ofanumber,shiftthedecimalpointby1placetotheleft.
Foreg:10%of500=50.0
6.5%ofthenumberishalfof10%ofanumber
Foreg:5%of500=50/2=25
7.15%ofthenumber=Sumof10%and5%ofanumber
ForEg:15%of500=(10%of500)+(5%of500=50+2=75
Usingtheabovemethodsnowwecanindthepercentageofanumbereasily:
Example:15%of400=?

Step1:Splitthepercentageterminto2numbersthatwecaneasily indthepercentageof.

Step1:Splitthepercentageterminto2numbersthatwecaneasily indthepercentageof.
Wecansplit15%into10%and5%
Step2:Firstind10%of400byshiftingthedecimalpointtotheleftby1place.
i.e10%of400=40.0
Step3:Nowind5%of400i.ehalfof10%
i.e5%of400=40/2=20
Step4:Nowaddboththeresults
weget,15%+5%=40+20=60
Therefore,15%of400=60

ImportantFormulas:
1)PercentageIncrease/Decrease:
IfthepriceofacommodityincreasesbyR%,thenthereductioninconsumptionsoasnotto
increasetheexpenditureis:
=[(R/100+R)*100]%
IfthepriceofacommoditydecreasesbyR%,thentheincreaseinconsumptionsoasnotto
decreasetheexpenditureis:
=[(R/100R)*100]%
2)Population:
IfthePopulationofatownbePnow&itincreasingattherateofR%p.a,then,
Populationafternyears=P[1+(R/100)]^n
Populationnyearsago=P[1+(R/100)]^n
3)ResultsonDepreciation
IfthepresentvalueofamachineisP&itdepreciatesattherateofR%perannum.Then:
Valueofthemachineafternyears=P[1(R/100)]^n
Valueofthemachinenyearsago=P/[1(R/100)]^n
4)IfPisR%morethanQ,thenQislessthanAby
={[R/(100+R)]*100}%
5)IfPisR%lessthanQ,thenQismorethanAby
={[R/(100R)]*100}%
LearntheFollowingTableforFastcalculations:
Fraction

Percentage

1/1

100%

1/2

50%

1/3

33.33%

1/4

25%

1/5

20%

1/6

16.66%

1/7

14.28%

1/8

12.5%

1/9

11.11%

1/10

10%

1/15

6.66%

1/20

5%

1/25

4%

1/30

3.33%

1/40

2.5%

1/50

2%

1/60

1.66%

1/75

1.33%

1/80

1.25%

1/90

1.11%

1/100

1%

ByUsingthisConversionTablewecanconvertFractionintoPercentageandPercentageinto
Fractioneasily.
ForEg:To ind3/5in%?
Solution:Aswehave1/5=20%
then,Multiplybothsidesby3
i.e1/5x3=3x20%
Therefore,3/5=60%.