][

1507

.

) (1500
) (1800
1453

. .
.
.
.
.
.


.



. "
" [1].


. -
.

2686-3100
21812686.
20552181.
16502055.
15501650.
10691550.
6641069.
332664.

332525.
30332.
30.641
3100-.

969641
1171969
12501171
15171250

18671517
18011798
18821805
19141867

19531882
19221914
629621

 19531922
1953

][

][
1501 .
.
1508
.
.1513 .1512

.1516
1517 .
.
.
. .
.
.
.
. .
1522 1524
.
. 14

 . 16
. 1538
. .
)( . .
1555 .
.1567

. 18 .
1798
.

][

. 3
.

][

8
o

8.1

8.2

8.3

9
o

9.1

9.2

10

11
o

11.1

11.2

11.3

12

13

14

15

16

][
9
1798
.
- -





.
1798 36 .
19 1798 400 )( ,


28 1798 .
1798

. 1798 ,

.
" " " "
:
" ... ...



.. ...
" .
.
6 1798 "
" . " "
.


11 .
:
.
,
.
. 3618 4 1798
,
. .
.
,
) 3872 7 .(1798
26 1799 4262
, :
.
) 4626 20,(1799
, .
, .
, 4758
22 1799
, 1801 . .1 :
, ,
.2 .
, ,
.3 . .4 .
.. .. .
.5
.6 . .

][

1798

1801 3.

 1798

1801 .
.
) (
.

.

.
618 1221 - 648
1250 .

.

.
1768 )(


.
][

][

9
1798
.
- -





.

][

12 1798




.

][



.
- - 45 000
" "

. 19 1798 35 300
55
.

][

9


- Alfred de Vigne -
- -
.
.

][

][

2 1798



" :
"
.



.

][

.1808

3 1798(
15 .
.

13 1798

.
21 1798 .
) (:
" "
22
32
.

][

.
25 1798








.


.

 1799
)(8281-9081
Description de L`Egypte Bouchard 1799
Rosetta )
( ) Thomas Young (1814 -
) Jean - Francois Champolion (1821
""
.
) (
]- [ Francois-Paul Brueys
Corfu
Brueys
13 1798
: 41
31

)(
.
13 ) ( 120

0571
0051
812
276 ) ( )
) Trafalgar (1805 .
.

.

][

- . 16
.

][

10 1799
27 : "
" - - -
.

][

3 2 007
7

 :
" " 4000

][
18
-
Sir
William Sidney )( .
20
" : Phlipppeau Acre
" . 1803
" Rmusat

][

.


. 14

003 .
11
25
.

 Sidney Smith - -
.
Po

.
62
.




.
- - .
. ":
"
. ) - -
(.
Muiron Carre`re
. 32 9971
Muiron Bourrienne Berthollet Monge
Lannes Murat Denon Carrre

9 . 9
Frjus St.Raphae`l "
" .aut Caesar aut nullus

][

The Egyptian Expedition under the orders of Bonaparte, painting byLon Cogniet, early 19th
.century

][
-1
- 2
.

][
-1 : 150
2000
.1801 /1798
11 9


20
.

.1809/1829

.
) ( ) ( .
-2 : "
" , .
-3 : ,
) -(
.

 - 4
.
-5 : .

][
- 1
19 1807
.
- 2
.

][

.
, .

][

][

1798

19 :

11 :

1 :

21 :

1 2 :

10 :

7 Battle of Sdiman :

21 :

1799

7 :

20 :

8 :

11 :

16 : .

20 :

1 :

23 :

1800

24 :

:
.

20 : 30,000 .

14 : . .

3 :

1801

8 :

21 :
.

31 :

19 :
.

27 :

31 :

: .

][

1805 .1953
.1805 10
. 1811

 .
1811
. .
1805
.
.

][

][

.


.
.




.1882

[]

N 3113E0330

1914 1867

:Globe with modern borders highlighting the following

Khedivate of Egypt
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (condominium)
Ceded from Sudan to Italian North Africa in 1919

'
Vassal

British Agent
and ConsulGeneral
Earl of Cromer
Sir Eldon Gorst
Earl Kitchener




Suez Canal Urabi Revolt British invasion SudanConvention

6,805,000

9,715,000

11,287,000

18791867 1892187919141892 -

19071883 19111907 1914191118791878

1914
Scramble for Africa
81867 ,
17 1869
18821881
1882
18 1899
191914 ,
34,184 13,199) (
. [b]1882
/ 199.1 / 515.6) (
. [b]1897
/ 284.2 / 736.1) (
.[b]1907
/ 330.2 / 855.2) (
][

^a. English became the sole official language in

]1898.[1
^b. Area and density include inhabited areas only.
The total area of Egypt, including deserts, is
]994,000 km2.[2][3

) Msr Hidiviyet-i: ( .
.

][

1
1.1

][
][


. .
1805 , .
" .

][

1820 . ) (1820
.
.
.

][

 1882
1922 .
23 .1952

. 25 2011

1971 .
2012
30
.
.

][

3 25

][

.1948

.
1956 .
1967 - - .
1973
.

][
:

1959

 1987

6 1973
.
. .
24
.
.
67
.

25

][

: 25

25 2011
3

18
.

][1

 1882
1952
.

][

N 3113E330

1922 1914

:
:
) (

1919

19171914 -

19221917 -

19161914 -

19191916 -

19251919 -

)(

19191914

)(

1921

191914 ,

19221919

28 1922

151922 ,

34,184 13,199) (

12,751,000

. 1917
/ 373 / 966.1) (

.
[2][1] 2
994000 .

)-1914
(1917
1914 .
"" .
1922 .

 )(1917-1914

)(1922-1917

][

][
) (1917-1914
1914 .
"" .
1922 .

][

1 1921

1914 .

][3

.

.
.
.
3 1921
.. .
.
10

.
. 19 .

.
.
. !

 5
16 .

.


25 1919
.

][

1953 1922

0:00

1936 - 1922 1952 - 19361953 - 1952 -

1922

1952


28 1922
23 1952
181953 ,

][

. 1922 .1953
1922 1919 .
1936 1952
1952
. 22 .

][