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Poverty and employement

Religion and science


This blow to the Church of England led to pressure for further reforms, culminating in an
1871 Act of Parliament that abolished all religious requirements for attendance at universities.
The 19th century was also the first time in England that a substantial number of public
figures openly declared that they had no religious beliefs.
But the 19th century was far from irreligious. As the old certainties crumbled, new
faiths emerged, such as Spiritualism, established in England by the 1850s, and Theosophy,
which drew on Buddhism and Hinduism.

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