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TINDAKBALAS
PENGOKSIDAANPENURUNAN
1
TINDAK BALAS
PENGOKSIDAAN
Definisi:
Penambahan oksigen
Kehilangan hidrogen
Kehilangan elektron
Penambahan nombor pengoksidaan
PENURUNAN
Definisi:
Kehilangan oksigen
Penambahan hidrogen
Penerimaan elektron
Penurunan dalam nombor pengoksidaan
4
PbO oxidising
agent (experiences
reduction
Mg
PbO
Mg red
ucing
agent (
experien
ces
oxidatio
n)
MgO
Pb
Re
do
x
rea
ctio
n
H2 S
+ Cl2
2HCl
+ S
Transfer of Electrons
non- metal are reduced & its receive electrons to form anions .
Chlorine
oxidising
agent
2Na(s)
Na
Sodium
reducing
agent
Reduction Process
Cl2
+ 2e-
Cl2 (g)
Na+
2NaCl(s)
+ e ( loss of electron)
Oxidation Process
Dalam sebatian
no. pengoksidaan
-1
-2
+1
-1
-2
-3
ch.
MgF2
CO2
H2O
CCl4
H2S
NH3
10
C + 2S
0 0
Mg + Cl2
0
0
CS2
+4 -2
-1
agen pengoksidaan
No. Pengoksidaan
Al(p) + Ag+(ak)
0
+1
pengoksidaan
penurunan
Pengoksidaan : Al(p)
Penurunan
Al3+ (ak)
Al(p)
: Ag+ (ak)
Ag (p)
Ag (p)
3 Ag (p)
Al3+(ak) + 3 Ag (p)
+7
+3
pengoksidaan
penurunan
Fe2+ (ak)
MnO4- (ak)
+2
Fe3+ (ak)
Mn2+ (ak)
Fe3+ (ak)
Mn2+ (ak) + 4H2O (ce) - imbangkan O dgn menambah H2O
Fe2+ (ak)
8 H+ (ak) + MnO4- (ak)
Fe3+ (ak)
Mn2+ (ak) + 4H2O (ce)
5 [Fe2+ (ak)
Latihan
16
ii.
I-(ak)+ Cr2O72-(ak)
Cr3+(ak) + I2(p)
Jawapan
17
+2
+3
pengoksidaan
0
penurunan
Pengoksidaan : Al(p)
Al3+ (ak)
Cu (p)
Al(p)
2e + Cu2+ (ak)
Al3+ (ak) + 3e
Cu (p)
2 x [Al(p)
Al3+ (ak) + 3e ]
Cu (p) ]
18
2Al3+ (ak) + 6e
6e + 3Cu2+ (ak)
2 Al + 3Cu2+ (ak)
3 Cu (p)
2Al3+ (ak) + 3 Cu (p)
bahan hasil
2 Al
2Al
3Cu
3Cu
+6
+6
Jawapan 2
19
I-(ak)+ Cr2O72-(ak)
-1
Cr3+(ak) + I2(s)
+6 -2
+3
penurunan
pengoksidaan
Pengoksidaan : I-(ak)
I2(p)
Penurunan : Cr2O72-(ak )
Imbangkan semua unsur selain H & O
Cr3+(ak)
2I-(aq)
Cr2O72-(aq )
I2(s)
Cr3+(aq)
2I-(ak)
I2(p)
20
3+
(ak) +
Cr2O72-(ak ) 2Cr
7H2O(ce)
seimbang H dgn menambah H+
2I-(ak)
I2(p)
2Cr3+(ak) + 7H2O(ce)
14H+ +Cr2O72-(ak )
2I-(ak)
6e + 14H+ +Cr2O72-(ak )
I2(p) + 2e
2Cr3+(ak) + 7H2O(ce)
3 x [2I-(ak)
I2(p) + 2e
6e + 14H+ +Cr2O72-(ak )
2Cr3+(ak) + 7H2O(ce)
21
6I-(ak)
3I2(p) + 6e
2Cr3+(aq) + 7H2O(l)
6I-(ak) + 14H+ +Cr2O72-(ak ) 3I2(p) + 2Cr3+(ak) + 7H2O(ce)
6e + 14H+ +Cr2O72-(ak )
bahan
6I
14H
2Cr
7O
+6
hasil
6I
14H
2Cr
7O
+6
Fe3+
+
2e-
+ e-
-------- (1) X 2
2Br
Combined
-------- (2)
Ionic equation :
2Fe 2+
Br2
2Fe3+
2Br-
2+
Fe
Fe2+
3+
Cr
Cr3+
Green solution
MnO
MnO44 -
3+
Fe
Fe3+
Br
Br22
Brown solution
Cl2
Cl
2
2Cr
7 2Cr2O
O
2 7
I2
Yellow solution
Cl- Cl
Br- Br
II
-
Colourless solution
2+
Cu
Cu2+
Purple solution
Orange solution
Blue solution
AA. . Redox
RedoxReaction
Reaction((The
Thecombustion
combustionof
ofMagnesium
Magnesiumin
inoxygen)
oxygen)
Oxygen oxidises magnesium to magnesium ion .
Magnesium releases electrons to form Magnesium ion .
Half equation :
Mg 2+
+2
2e-
------------(1)
(oxidation)
O2
2e-
O2-
-2
O2
2MgO
Reactants
------------(2)
(reduction )
combined
O.Number
Mg
2+
B.
B. The
Thechange
changeof
ofiron(II)
iron(II)ions
ionsto
toiron(III)
iron(III)ions
ions ((Fe
Fe2+
3+
Fe
Fe3+))
Fe3+
O. Number
+2
+3
+ e-
------------(1)X 2
( oxidation)
Combined
Half-equation :
Iron(II) ion reduces bromine ,Br2 to bromide ion , Br Bromine receives electron to form bromide ion , Br-1
Half-equation :
Br 2
O.Number
2e-
2Br - ------------(2)
-1
( reduction )
Observation :
The green iron(II) sulphate solution changes to brown .
The brown coloured bromine water is decolourised .
Oxidising agent : Bromine water , Br2
Reducing agent : Iron(II) ion, Fe2+
Ionic Equation : 2 Fe2+
+ Br2
2Fe3+
2Br -
3+
2+
CC :: The
Thechange
changeof
ofiron(III)
iron(III)ion,
ion, Fe
Fe3+ to
toiron(II)
iron(II)ion
ion,,Fe
Fe2+
+ e-
Fe2+ --------(1) X 2
+3
+2
( Reduction)
Zn
O. Number
Zn 2+
+2
+ Zn
2e-
-------(2)
( oxidation )
2Fe2+
Zn2+
Other reducing agent : metals that are more electropositive than iron
// SO2 , H2 S gas // Na2 SO3 , SnCl2 solution
DD::The
TheDisplacement
Displacement(penyesaran)
(penyesaran)of
ofMetal
Metalfrom
fromits
itsSalt
SaltSolution
Solution
The element is more electropositive in the E.S, the higher the tendency
(kecenderungan) to release electrons to form positive ions .
More electropositive , oxidised more easily & act as a reducing agent
The higher the position in the E.S. can displace other elements that are
lower in the E.S .
K, Na , Ca , Mg , Al , Zn , Fe , Sn , Pb , H , Cu , Hg , Ag , Au
Most electropositive
Least electropositive
Observation :
Zn loses
electrons &
is oxidised
to Zn2+
Zn
Zn 2+
O . Number
+2
Cu2+ + 2e
O. Number
Ionic equation :
+2
Zn
Cu2+
----------(1)
( oxidation )
Cu
0
+ 2e-
----------(2)
( reduction )
Zn2+
Cu2+ receives
electrons &
is reduced to
Cu Cu
EE::Displacement
Displacement of
ofHalogens
Halogensfrom
fromHalide
Halide Solutions
Solutions
Halogen
----- Group 17
------- yellow
Br2 ( bromine)
------- brown
I2 (iodine)
Solution
Group 17 :
Flourine
Chlorine
Bromine
Iodine
Reactivity decreases,
higher act as a
oxidising agent
Example
Chlorine
Chlorinewater
waterreact
reactwith
withsodium
sodiumbromide
bromidesolution
solution
2Br -
Br2
-1
colourless
+ 2e-
------ (1)
oxidation
brown
Cl2
+ 2e-
2Cl-
-1
yellow
------- (2)
reduction
decolourised(colourless)
2Br-
Br2
2Cl-
Confirmatory
ConfirmatoryTest
Testfor
forthe
theBromine,
Bromine,Chlorine
Chlorineand
andIodine
Iodine
By adding and shaking the halogen solution in tetrachloromethane
(CCl4 ) liquid
Solution
Colour in water
Colour in
CCl4
Concentrated
Dilute
Iodine
Brown
Yellow
Purple
Bromin
e
Brown
Yellow
Brown
Chlorin
e
Light greenish
yellow
Colourless
Colourless