Australian And New Zealand Solar Energy Society (SA Branch)

SOLAR NEWS SA Formerly the ANZSES CHATTER

www.anzses.org July 2005

sa@anzses.org

WELCOME
… to this month’s edition of Solar News SA.

DIARY DATES
Wednesday 20 July 2005 at 4.00pm PROFESSOR PETER NEWMAN
Tuesday 2 August 2005 at 6.00pm DR MANFRED LENZEN
Tues 9th August, ATA meeting 7.30pm for 8.00pmr Peter Pudney, UniSA, Solar Car Racing
Consortium
Sat/Sun 27/28 August Rainbow Warrior in Adelaide
SAT 10TH AND SUN 11TH SEPT 2005 Solar House Days
25th Sept-2nd Oct. WORLD SOLAR CHALLENGE
28-30 November Solar 2005 conference Dunedin
For other sustainability events see
http://www.ata.org.au/events.htm
http://www.sustainablelivingcalendar.org.au/
http://www.eventspool.com/

PRINTING THIS NEWSLETTER

If you want to print this newsletter off, a PDF copy is available from www.35s.com.au/anzses

SUSTAINABILITY THE NEW PROFESSION.

Professor Peter Newman, Director of the Institute of Sustainability and Technology Policy at
Murdoch University.
Weds 20th July at 4.00pm Yugondi Building, Uni SA, City West Campus, North Terrace.

SOLAR CARS. SOLAR ELECTRIC COMMUTER CAR

Dr Peter Pudney, University of South Australia, Solar Car Racing Consortium.
ATA Meeting Tues 9th August, at 7.30pm for 8.00pm, The Meeting Room, The Tower Hotel, 621,
Magill Rd, Magill.

THE RAINBOW WARRIOR.

The Rainbow Warrior will be at Port Adelaide on Sat/Sun 27/28 August to promote renewable
energy. We have been offered a display area on board the boat which we plan to use to promote
Anzses and Solar House Day. We would like some members to help with the display. If you are
available for 2 or 3 hours between 9.00am and 5.00pm please contact Stewart Martin (8302 3048
or 82614630 or stewart.martin@unisa.edu.au).

SOLAR HOUSE DAYS SAT 10TH AND SUN 11TH SEPT 2005

The houses are still being finalized but we expect at least 15 to be open in the Adelaide Metro area
and SA country areas. Many of the houses will be open for the first time this year and offer
interesting features not seen in previous years.
For further information contact Monica Oliphant 8277 3357 (h) 0404 898277(Mob) email:
oliphant@senet.com.au

CALLING ALL VOLUNTEERS

Solar House Day 2005
September 10 & 11, 11am-4pm
Dear all - it's that time again!
• DID YOU ENJOY VOLUNTEERING FOR SHD LAST YEAR?
• DO YOU HAVE IDEAS FOR MAKING SHD A BETTER EXPERIENCE FOR
EVERYBODY?
We're looking forward to having a great year - please don'thesitate to contact me if you have any
questions
Sarah Dugdale
on behalf of the Solar House Day (SA) Organising Committee
(w) 8226 7195
(h) 8346 0603
(m) 0409 640 841

WORLD SOLAR CHALLENGE 25th Sept-2nd Oct.

Known as the 'Brain-Sport'of our time, the World Solar Challenge entrants will traverse more than
3,000km of the Australian continent from tropical Darwin to balmy Adelaide, in cars powered by
nothing more than the sun. The World Solar Challenge promotes and celebrates education and
technical excellence, drawing attention to the imperatives of sustainable transport.
http://www.wsc.org.au/

SOLAR CITIES CONGRESS FOR ADELAIDE IN 2008

Adelaide’s Victoria Square will be transformed into a “sustainability square” or model of sustainable
city life, when the city hosts up to 1000 international policy makers and experts in renewable
energy at the Third World Solar Cities Congress, run by the International Solar Energy Society
(ISES).
Up to 12 solar lights will be installed in Victoria Square to use the sun’s energy to provide lighting.
Environment and Conservation Minister John Hill and Lord Mayor of Adelaide Michael Harbison
put in a united bid to secure the conference at a meeting of the ISES and the International Solar
Cities Initiative in Freiburg, Germany, early this year.
Adelaide Green City is sponsoring two ISES board members, former president Professor Anne
Grete Hestnes and Chiel Boonstra to attend the 2005 Business of Sustainability Conference in
Adelaide in November. (see Noticeboard)
See the Minister’s media release at
http://www.ministers.sa.gov.au/Minister/MediaFrame.asp?article=4721&MinisterID=10
The Second Solar Cities Congress will be held in Oxford in 2006, and a call for papers is now
open. For more information, see www.solarcities.org.uk

SOLAR 2005

Solar 2005 conference is to be held in Dunedin on 28-30 November. The site address is
www.anzses.org/conference.htm or you can click through from www.anzses.org - just follow the
link to Conferences.
If you have any questions about the conference, please email conference@anzses.org. We look
forward to seeing you in Dunedin in November!

PROFESSOR PETER NEWMAN

On Wednesday 20 July 2005 at 4.00pm in the Atrium
- Yungondi Blg City West Campus

"Sustainability: The New Profession"

Professor Peter Newman
Peter Newman is the Professor of City Policy and Director of the Institute for Sustainability and
Technology Policy, at Murdoch University. He is Chair of the Western Australian Sustainability
Roundtable advising the Premier on how to implement their Sustainability Strategy. Peter's book
with Jeff Kenworthy 'Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence'was launched
in the White House in 1999 and his 2001 co-authored book is called 'Back on Track: Rethinking
Australian and New Zealand Transport.'In 2004 he was made a Sustainability Commissioner in
NSW.Senior Research Fellow, University of Sydney

Abstract
Professor Newman will demonstrate the need for sustainability professionals to tackle the multiple
problems of water, energy, transport, waste, community health (especially Indigenous health) and
other long term issues. He will suggest sustainability professionals will need to develop skills in
interdisciplinary policy learning, playing 'jazz'with partnerships, developing transformative
infrastructure solutions (not incremental ones), and creating hope through exploring ethical
dimensions of issues. He will outline case studies of where early applications of this approach have
emerged in WA and NSW.

DR MANFRED LENZEN

On Tuesday 2 August 2005 at 6.00pm in the Atrium

- Yungondi Blg City West Campus

Integrated sustainability accounting and reporting for Australia"

Manfred is a Senior Research Fellow at the University of Sydney. He has a PhD in Nuclear Physics
from the University of Bonn in Germany. He has worked for 5 years on renewable energy
technologies, such as passive solar architecture, vacuum glazing and wind turbines. For the past 6
years, his work has been in the field of Ecological Economics, with a focus on Environmental
Impact Studies, Ecological Footprint methodology, Triple Bottom Line and Sustainability Reporting
for organisations, sustainable consumption and trade, the Kuznets hypothesis, Economic Systems
Research, Multi-Criteria Decision Making methodology, and Industrial Ecology. Manfred's
emphasis is on sound mathematical underpinnings for methods in the interdisciplinary field of
Ecological Economics.

Abstract
Triple Bottom Line / Sustainability reporting is widely advanced as a way in which firms and
institutions can realise broader societal objectives in addition to increasing shareholder value. In
our framework for the Australian economy, we integrate financial input-output tables that describe
the inter-dependencies between economic sectors, with national social and environmental
accounts to construct numerate 'triple bottom line'accounts for 2700 discrete economic sectors.
Thus for a firm, or an industry sector, financial aspects of performance can for example be
expressed as 'dollars of gross operating surplus per dollar of output'.Social performance is
measured for example by 'minutes of employment generated per dollar'.Climate change issues are
indicated by 'kilograms of carbon dioxide emitted per dollar'.
Since these indicators of 'triple bottom line'performance are referenced against financial units and
are consistent with the System of National Accounts, they can be applied to financial data of a
service or product, a firm, an industry sector, a population, or a region /state/nation, and allow a
robust triple bottom line account to be developed across a range of scales. The critical advantage
of this approach is that it represents an economy-wide life-cycle analysis without boundaries. It
includes both the direct or immediate effects as well as the indirect or diffuse effects associated
with a large and distant chain of supply paths. The incorporation of all the indirect or upstream
effects therefore removes any problems associated with a choice of boundary. Products, firms,
industry sectors, populations and regions can therefore be assessed properly in sustainable chain
management terms. Thus a firm that uses a key intermediate input requiring a large amount of
water for example, cannot 'outsource'or 'de-merge'the environmental implications since they are
revealed in the analysis of the full production chain. This revelation also enables meaningful
benchmarking of firms featuring different degrees of vertical integration, and the management of
risk in a holistic, economy-wide context. Finally, it provides incentives and support for 'green
procurement',because it underpins change and improvement processes acting on the entire inter-
related production network, as opposed to considering only on-site impacts.

Kim Gauci
Admin
J2-02 Phone: 8302 5347
OC1-11 Phone: 8302 3788

FOOTPRINTS
As green businesses and those with an interest in sustainability I you may be interested in
subscribing an email newsletter to keep up with sustainability activities in South Australia -
particularly those things that the Government is saying and doing. For more information go to
http://lists.internode.on.net/mailman/listinfo/footprint

CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE FOR ADELAIDE

The Second Australia–New Zealand Climate Change and Business Conference will be held in
Adelaide in February 2006.
Building on the successful 2004 conference in New Zealand, it will focus on business opportunities
and risks associated with climate change.
This high level international conference targets CEOs, senior executives, government policy-
makers, consultants and other stakeholders.
It will explore:
Perspectives and initiatives from local and global political leaders, business and community
leaders
• Lessons from operating emissions trading markets (including the EU market)
• Beyond Kyoto – how to achieve the emissions reductions likely to be needed (around 60
per cent by 2050)
• Approaches for Australian companies to access Kyoto flexibility mechanisms and the
Asian markets
• Emerging technologies and innovative approach to reducing emissions
• Business risks
• Business opportunities arising from local government initiatives
• The latest science and the potential impacts of climate change.
The conference is being organized by a coalition of business groups and NGOs from Australia,
New Zealand, USA and Europe and is supported by the Government of South Australia.
Dates and Venue: 20-21 February 2006 at The Hilton Hotel, Adelaide.
Visit www.climateandbusiness.com for more information.

DRAFT ANZSES RESPONSE TO SOUTH AUSTRALIA’S GREENHOUSE

STRATEGY DISCUSSION PAPERS
Role of ANZSES
Australian and New Zealand Solar Energy Society (ANZSES) exists to promote the development
and use of solar and other renewable sources of energy. The Society was established in (Check
website)? and is a national body with branches in every state and New Zealand. Its membership
includes professionals, academics and businesses working in the field of renewable energy. The
Society is linked with the International Solar Energy Society (ISES), and organised an international
solar energy conference in Adelaide in 2002. Because of the range of professional activity of its
members, the Society is in a good position to comment on the practicability of measures to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions.
The SA Branch of ANZSES is very pleased that the SA Government is developing a State
Greenhouse strategy, as it regards the issue of climate change as the most severe environmental
problem facing the world today.
Comments
General Issues.
The use of energy derived from fossil fuels is fundamental to modern life and productive activity,
and the resulting greenhouse gas induced climate change is expected to be very wide ranging in its
impacts. The issue itself and our responses to it will therefore affect everyone, and at some time in
the process of development of a greenhouse strategy the general public will need to be engaged. It
is not necessarily the case that this should occur at this early stage in the process, and therefore it
may be that the issues papers were intended for an audience already versed in greenhouse issues.
However if that is not the case - ie the papers were intended for a general readership, they appear
not to be well directed to that broader audience. In terms of language, structure and presentation,
they appear to be directed to people within government agencies, or people with a high level of
understanding of the energy sector and government processes. In addition they do not appear to
have been well proof-read, (eg p16 of the Overview paper "For Adelaide, a 50 cm rise in sea level
would cause a 1 in 100 year (ie 1% probability) storm event to occur on average every two years.")
In general, two important criteria to be examined in developing strategies are:
• Effectiveness of possible actions, or how much effect can be realised by a specific action
in relation to the overall outcome or target, and
• cost-effectiveness, or how much of the target can be achieved at what financial, social or
other cost.
In the present context, the discussion papers would have been more effective in promoting
informed responses had they given more quantitative data on the effectiveness and cost-
effectiveness of different actions in producing reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.
Recognising that the papers do not deal with targets, it would still be possible to inform future
discussion with such figures as "It has been estimated that the energy demand of industry could be
reduced by (say) 25% simply by the application of existing high efficiency technology." ANZSES
suggests that information of this sort be made available in later stages of the process.
The Overview paper gives a range of indicators of the scale of climate change, (eg in terms of %
change in rainfall). However for a lay audience the scale of the impacts of climate change on
specific sectors and activities might be more useful (e.g. how much reduction in barley production
per hectare might we expect, other things being equal, as a consequence of projected climate
change by 2050?) In the absence of such measures, it is difficult for people to gain an indication of
how much they should be concerned, and hence how much effort they should put into the strategy.
The uncertainty in these projections is acknowledged, but it would be preferable to provide such
projections with their ranges of uncertainty, rather than providing no scaling information at all.
Targets
ANZSES take the view that given:
• the scale of the modeled climate changes,
• the relationship between emissions and projected climate change,
• the present availability and likely rate of technological change of low carbon energy production
and use technology, and
• the potential of existing high efficiency technologies
it is appropriate for advanced economies such as Australia to set high targets. We note in particular
(Overview paper p3) that South Australia has achieved a 0.4% increase in net emissions since
1990, but that actual emissions have grown by 11% and that this has been offset by forestry
activity and revegetation.
ANZSES proposes that the appropriate way to set targets is to examine the potential of existing
technologies and the likely rate of technology change in the context of South Australian conditions
and the State's other social and economic aspirations. However ANZSES suggests that given the
targets being adopted recently by European nations, a target of 60% reduction in net emissions,
including from overseas tourist air travel and transport of exports, by 2050 would be of the right
order. ANZSES also believes that the State should use the emissions target as a principal driver of
its future economic and technological development and energy and industry related research
activity. Indeed it is difficult to believe that it would be possible for the State Government to achieve
its State Strategic plan aim for SA to position itself as a leader in addressing climate change if it
does not do so.
ANZSES also believes that such ambitious targets are not achievable without cooperation with
other States and the Australian Government, for instance in establishing national product energy
efficiency targets, defining the energy efficiency standards of products procured by governments,
planning and delivering the necessary research and development effort, and planning and delivery
of energy infrastructure changes.
ANZSES also suggests that a single date target, particularly one that is set for a fairly remote future
date is inappropriate, in that it allows necessary decisions to be the subject of other political
objectives over the intermediate period, and increase the potential for failure. Rather, a linear
trajectory for emissions reductions should be defined; with intermediate targets at say every
decade. A thorough analysis of the State's likely future energy production and use pattern might
also suggest that the share of the total emissions reduction target should vary between sectors.
Adaptation
Because of the greenhouse gases already injected into the atmosphere, and the emissions that will
inevitably be produced in the next few decades, some climate change has already occurred, and
more will. Adaptation measures are therefore a necessary part of a response strategy. The priority
areas for adaptation certainly include those where climate change will result in the abandonment or
serious reduction in the usefulness of expensive infrastructure. For example expansion of irrigated
agriculture may need to move south from such locations as the Riverland to avoid excessively high
temperatures, high evapo-transpiration rates and the loss of chill days.
Some measures for adaptation to the consequences of climate change overlap with measures to
reduce the rates of GHG emissions ie, have a double benefit, and this is particularly the case
where the measures are structural and the structures are long-lived. An example is insulation of
buildings, which both reduces heat gains and losses now, and therefore reduces the energy
requirements (and associated GHG emissions) for heating and cooling, but also makes the
buildings better adapted to future higher temperatures. The specific measures required would
include the introduction of high insulation standards for new buildings and extensions and the
requirement that where building modifications over a certain minimum value are undertaken,
insulation be upgraded (where practicable).
Similarly the development and deployment of bio-energy crops ) like canola for bio-diesel) that are
well adapted to future climatic conditions addresses both the production of GHGs and climate
change adaptation.
Barriers
Primary barriers to necessary change in energy consuming activity lie in the difficulty of achieving
environmentally desirable behaviour change in a society that has been acculturated to value
convenience very highly (e.g. in relation to the use of private cars), where conspicuous
consumption associated with high energy use is also associated with social status, and where
planning to avoid energy expenditure is not part of most people's experience. A specific barrier is
that peoples'lives are now very crowded with activities, and that cramming them into a day - where
often some of those activities are located at a distance from one another - is seen as necessitating
the use of private transport. The difficulty of achieving desirable behavioural change demands that
a heavy emphasis will have to be placed on improving the efficiency of our technologies.
A further general barrier is that for many industries energy costs are a small part of total operating
costs, hence attract little management attention, even when the pay-back time for eg energy
efficiency measures is very short.
To overcome the barriers identified above a culture needs to be created where energy efficiency
and emissions are central to people's and industry's self-image. One way to promote such a culture
would be to associate GHG emissions awareness with activities that are popular and of high
profile. An example would be to introduce events into the Clipsal 500 races where the winners were
those who used the least fuel, and where minimum qualifying efficiency standards where
progressively increased over successive events.
In designing policies and programs for emissions related behaviour change, lessons can be drawn
from SA’s (and other jurisdictions’) efforts to promote behaviour change in other areas, including
arid lands management, native vegetation protection, container deposit legislation, pollution
control, and the improvement of irrigation water use efficiency. Each of these areas is
characterised by different relationships between the responsible actor (eg landholder), and the
impact of the behaviour on the interests of the actor, but by careful analysis of those differences
and the success of strategies for desired behaviour change in those contexts, lessons applicable to
emissions related behaviour change can be learned.
Thought starters for further comments
• SA is in a favoured position on account of high use of gas for electricity Can we develop
a strategy to maintain that sort of lead
• Cooperation with other states in developing strategies
• Making response to climate change as focus of the state development strategy
• Consistency of state objectives.

SLIVER solar cells

Solar technology developed at The Australian National University has won its second
environmental award in less than a month. SLIVER solar cells, invented at the Centre for
Sustainable Energy Systems at ANU in collaboration with Origin Energy, have won a Global 100
Eco-Tech Award to be presented at the 2005 World Expo in Aichi, Japan.
The technology was recognised by the Japanese solar industry for its potential to prevent global
warming.
“This second win is further reward for the years of dedication by CSES and Origin researchers and
ongoing confirmation of the potential of SLIVER technology to revolutionise the solar energy
industry,” said Mr Ray Prowse, Manager of the Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems.
A team of professors and senior management officials from Japan’s universities, research institutes
and environmental organisations screened competition entries for the Global 100 Eco-Tech Award
through a comprehensive assessment considering:
· The contribution to resolving global environmental problems and realising a sustainable future.
· The novelty of the technology appropriate to 21st century society.
· Its universality, that is, its usefulness in different societies.
SLIVER is a unique monocrystalline solar photovoltaic technology that uses dramatically less
silicon than other solar cells. Small volumes of SLIVER panels are now being produced at a
dedicated Origin Energy plant in Adelaide, South Australia and the solar team is working towards
producing larger modules for scale production in coming years.
The award will be presented at a ceremony on Thursday, 1 September at the World Expo 2005.
They also recently won a 2005 Banksia Award in Category 8: Environmental Leadership in
Infrastructure & Services
Source: Australian National University and Physics.org

VIRTUAL ENERGY DISPLAY

The Virtual Energy Display is an educational presentation on renewable energy on display at the
SA Museum.
Visit the interactive website http://renewableenergy.unisa.edu.au for live daily data from Starfish
Hill Wind Farm, EDL Landfill gas, solar on Art Galley, SA Museum and aggregated data from
residential solar PV's.
It has been designed to capture all new solar installations in the 'North Terrace Power Station'
including the new installation on the roof of Parliament House and the State Library.

AUSTRALIAN & NEW ZEALAND SOLAR ENERGY SOCIETY SA BRANCH

BRANCH COMMITTEE 2005:

President: Chris Selwood

Ph 8322 2990(h) 8463 4690(w) fax 8305 0175
email: selwood.chris@saugov.sa.gov.au

Vice-President: Stewart Martin

School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of SA, Mawson Lakes 5095
Ph 8302 3048 (w) 8261 4630 (h) fax 8302 3389 email: stewart.martin@unisa.edu.au

Secretary: Albert Thompson ph 08 8339 5869 aat@internode.on.net

Treasurer: John Rolls

103 Lansdowne Terrace Vale Park 5081 Ph 8463 6907 (w) 8269 3879 (h) 04 1029 4638 (m) 8463 6900 (f)
email: rolls.john@saugov.sa.gov.au (w) jrolls@picknowl.com.au (h)

Solar News SA Editor: John Held

Ph 8271 4555 (w) 8272 6608(h) Email jfheld@rusyel.com.au

Publicity Officer:
Margaret Dingle ph 8362 7007 email mdingle@chariot.net.au

Solar House Tours Coordinator:

Monica Oliphant 8277 3357 (h) 0404 898277(Mob) email: oliphant@senet.com.au

ANZSES National Committee:

Wasim Saman (National Committee Contact)
Sustainable Energy Centre, School of AME, University of SA, Mawson Lakes 5095 Ph 8302 3008 (w) 8251
4619 (h) fax 8302 3380 email: wasim.saman@unisa.edu.au

FUTURE MATERIAL FOR SOLAR NEWS SA

We are keen to distribute as much information and news as possible in this format. Obviously it’s
quickest, easiest and fastest by email – so if you are getting this by post, and have an email
address, please contact John Held at jfheld@rusyel.com.au . Please send me any news, meetings of
interest to members, and other bits of information!
 Australian And New Zealand Solar Energy Society (SA Branch)

SOLAR NEWS SA Formerly the ANZSES CHATTER

www.anzses.org July 2005

sa@anzses.org

WELCOME
… to this month’s edition of Solar News SA.

DIARY DATES
Wednesday 20 July 2005 at 4.00pm PROFESSOR PETER NEWMAN
Tuesday 2 August 2005 at 6.00pm DR MANFRED LENZEN
Tues 9th August, ATA meeting 7.30pm for 8.00pmr Peter Pudney, UniSA, Solar Car Racing
Consortium
Sat/Sun 27/28 August Rainbow Warrior in Adelaide
SAT 10TH AND SUN 11TH SEPT 2005 Solar House Days
25th Sept-2nd Oct. WORLD SOLAR CHALLENGE
28-30 November Solar 2005 conference Dunedin
For other sustainability events see
http://www.ata.org.au/events.htm
http://www.sustainablelivingcalendar.org.au/
http://www.eventspool.com/

PRINTING THIS NEWSLETTER

If you want to print this newsletter off, a PDF copy is available from www.35s.com.au/anzses

SUSTAINABILITY THE NEW PROFESSION.

Professor Peter Newman, Director of the Institute of Sustainability and Technology Policy at
Murdoch University.
Weds 20th July at 4.00pm Yugondi Building, Uni SA, City West Campus, North Terrace.

SOLAR CARS. SOLAR ELECTRIC COMMUTER CAR

Dr Peter Pudney, University of South Australia, Solar Car Racing Consortium.
ATA Meeting Tues 9th August, at 7.30pm for 8.00pm, The Meeting Room, The Tower Hotel, 621,
Magill Rd, Magill.

THE RAINBOW WARRIOR.

The Rainbow Warrior will be at Port Adelaide on Sat/Sun 27/28 August to promote renewable
energy. We have been offered a display area on board the boat which we plan to use to promote
Anzses and Solar House Day. We would like some members to help with the display. If you are
available for 2 or 3 hours between 9.00am and 5.00pm please contact Stewart Martin (8302 3048
or 82614630 or stewart.martin@unisa.edu.au).

SOLAR HOUSE DAYS SAT 10TH AND SUN 11TH SEPT 2005

The houses are still being finalized but we expect at least 15 to be open in the Adelaide Metro area
and SA country areas. Many of the houses will be open for the first time this year and offer
interesting features not seen in previous years.
For further information contact Monica Oliphant 8277 3357 (h) 0404 898277(Mob) email:
oliphant@senet.com.au

CALLING ALL VOLUNTEERS

Solar House Day 2005
September 10 & 11, 11am-4pm
Dear all - it's that time again!
• DID YOU ENJOY VOLUNTEERING FOR SHD LAST YEAR?
• DO YOU HAVE IDEAS FOR MAKING SHD A BETTER EXPERIENCE FOR
EVERYBODY?
We're looking forward to having a great year - please don'thesitate to contact me if you have any
questions
Sarah Dugdale
on behalf of the Solar House Day (SA) Organising Committee
(w) 8226 7195
(h) 8346 0603
(m) 0409 640 841

WORLD SOLAR CHALLENGE 25th Sept-2nd Oct.

Known as the 'Brain-Sport'of our time, the World Solar Challenge entrants will traverse more than
3,000km of the Australian continent from tropical Darwin to balmy Adelaide, in cars powered by
nothing more than the sun. The World Solar Challenge promotes and celebrates education and
technical excellence, drawing attention to the imperatives of sustainable transport.
http://www.wsc.org.au/

SOLAR CITIES CONGRESS FOR ADELAIDE IN 2008

Adelaide’s Victoria Square will be transformed into a “sustainability square” or model of sustainable
city life, when the city hosts up to 1000 international policy makers and experts in renewable
energy at the Third World Solar Cities Congress, run by the International Solar Energy Society
(ISES).
Up to 12 solar lights will be installed in Victoria Square to use the sun’s energy to provide lighting.
Environment and Conservation Minister John Hill and Lord Mayor of Adelaide Michael Harbison
put in a united bid to secure the conference at a meeting of the ISES and the International Solar
Cities Initiative in Freiburg, Germany, early this year.
Adelaide Green City is sponsoring two ISES board members, former president Professor Anne
Grete Hestnes and Chiel Boonstra to attend the 2005 Business of Sustainability Conference in
Adelaide in November. (see Noticeboard)
See the Minister’s media release at
http://www.ministers.sa.gov.au/Minister/MediaFrame.asp?article=4721&MinisterID=10
The Second Solar Cities Congress will be held in Oxford in 2006, and a call for papers is now
open. For more information, see www.solarcities.org.uk

SOLAR 2005

Solar 2005 conference is to be held in Dunedin on 28-30 November. The site address is
www.anzses.org/conference.htm or you can click through from www.anzses.org - just follow the
link to Conferences.
If you have any questions about the conference, please email conference@anzses.org. We look
forward to seeing you in Dunedin in November!

PROFESSOR PETER NEWMAN

On Wednesday 20 July 2005 at 4.00pm in the Atrium
- Yungondi Blg City West Campus

"Sustainability: The New Profession"

Professor Peter Newman
Peter Newman is the Professor of City Policy and Director of the Institute for Sustainability and
Technology Policy, at Murdoch University. He is Chair of the Western Australian Sustainability
Roundtable advising the Premier on how to implement their Sustainability Strategy. Peter's book
with Jeff Kenworthy 'Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence'was launched
in the White House in 1999 and his 2001 co-authored book is called 'Back on Track: Rethinking
Australian and New Zealand Transport.'In 2004 he was made a Sustainability Commissioner in
NSW.Senior Research Fellow, University of Sydney

Abstract
Professor Newman will demonstrate the need for sustainability professionals to tackle the multiple
problems of water, energy, transport, waste, community health (especially Indigenous health) and
other long term issues. He will suggest sustainability professionals will need to develop skills in
interdisciplinary policy learning, playing 'jazz'with partnerships, developing transformative
infrastructure solutions (not incremental ones), and creating hope through exploring ethical
dimensions of issues. He will outline case studies of where early applications of this approach have
emerged in WA and NSW.

DR MANFRED LENZEN

On Tuesday 2 August 2005 at 6.00pm in the Atrium

- Yungondi Blg City West Campus

Integrated sustainability accounting and reporting for Australia"

Manfred is a Senior Research Fellow at the University of Sydney. He has a PhD in Nuclear Physics
from the University of Bonn in Germany. He has worked for 5 years on renewable energy
technologies, such as passive solar architecture, vacuum glazing and wind turbines. For the past 6
years, his work has been in the field of Ecological Economics, with a focus on Environmental
Impact Studies, Ecological Footprint methodology, Triple Bottom Line and Sustainability Reporting
for organisations, sustainable consumption and trade, the Kuznets hypothesis, Economic Systems
Research, Multi-Criteria Decision Making methodology, and Industrial Ecology. Manfred's
emphasis is on sound mathematical underpinnings for methods in the interdisciplinary field of
Ecological Economics.

Abstract
Triple Bottom Line / Sustainability reporting is widely advanced as a way in which firms and
institutions can realise broader societal objectives in addition to increasing shareholder value. In
our framework for the Australian economy, we integrate financial input-output tables that describe
the inter-dependencies between economic sectors, with national social and environmental
accounts to construct numerate 'triple bottom line'accounts for 2700 discrete economic sectors.
Thus for a firm, or an industry sector, financial aspects of performance can for example be
expressed as 'dollars of gross operating surplus per dollar of output'.Social performance is
measured for example by 'minutes of employment generated per dollar'.Climate change issues are
indicated by 'kilograms of carbon dioxide emitted per dollar'.
Since these indicators of 'triple bottom line'performance are referenced against financial units and
are consistent with the System of National Accounts, they can be applied to financial data of a
service or product, a firm, an industry sector, a population, or a region /state/nation, and allow a
robust triple bottom line account to be developed across a range of scales. The critical advantage
of this approach is that it represents an economy-wide life-cycle analysis without boundaries. It
includes both the direct or immediate effects as well as the indirect or diffuse effects associated
with a large and distant chain of supply paths. The incorporation of all the indirect or upstream
effects therefore removes any problems associated with a choice of boundary. Products, firms,
industry sectors, populations and regions can therefore be assessed properly in sustainable chain
management terms. Thus a firm that uses a key intermediate input requiring a large amount of
water for example, cannot 'outsource'or 'de-merge'the environmental implications since they are
revealed in the analysis of the full production chain. This revelation also enables meaningful
benchmarking of firms featuring different degrees of vertical integration, and the management of
risk in a holistic, economy-wide context. Finally, it provides incentives and support for 'green
procurement',because it underpins change and improvement processes acting on the entire inter-
related production network, as opposed to considering only on-site impacts.

Kim Gauci
Admin
J2-02 Phone: 8302 5347
OC1-11 Phone: 8302 3788

FOOTPRINTS
As green businesses and those with an interest in sustainability I you may be interested in
subscribing an email newsletter to keep up with sustainability activities in South Australia -
particularly those things that the Government is saying and doing. For more information go to
http://lists.internode.on.net/mailman/listinfo/footprint

CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE FOR ADELAIDE

The Second Australia–New Zealand Climate Change and Business Conference will be held in
Adelaide in February 2006.
Building on the successful 2004 conference in New Zealand, it will focus on business opportunities
and risks associated with climate change.
This high level international conference targets CEOs, senior executives, government policy-
makers, consultants and other stakeholders.
It will explore:
Perspectives and initiatives from local and global political leaders, business and community
leaders
• Lessons from operating emissions trading markets (including the EU market)
• Beyond Kyoto – how to achieve the emissions reductions likely to be needed (around 60
per cent by 2050)
• Approaches for Australian companies to access Kyoto flexibility mechanisms and the
Asian markets
• Emerging technologies and innovative approach to reducing emissions
• Business risks
• Business opportunities arising from local government initiatives
• The latest science and the potential impacts of climate change.
The conference is being organized by a coalition of business groups and NGOs from Australia,
New Zealand, USA and Europe and is supported by the Government of South Australia.
Dates and Venue: 20-21 February 2006 at The Hilton Hotel, Adelaide.
Visit www.climateandbusiness.com for more information.

DRAFT ANZSES RESPONSE TO SOUTH AUSTRALIA’S GREENHOUSE

STRATEGY DISCUSSION PAPERS
Role of ANZSES
Australian and New Zealand Solar Energy Society (ANZSES) exists to promote the development
and use of solar and other renewable sources of energy. The Society was established in (Check
website)? and is a national body with branches in every state and New Zealand. Its membership
includes professionals, academics and businesses working in the field of renewable energy. The
Society is linked with the International Solar Energy Society (ISES), and organised an international
solar energy conference in Adelaide in 2002. Because of the range of professional activity of its
members, the Society is in a good position to comment on the practicability of measures to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions.
The SA Branch of ANZSES is very pleased that the SA Government is developing a State
Greenhouse strategy, as it regards the issue of climate change as the most severe environmental
problem facing the world today.
Comments
General Issues.
The use of energy derived from fossil fuels is fundamental to modern life and productive activity,
and the resulting greenhouse gas induced climate change is expected to be very wide ranging in its
impacts. The issue itself and our responses to it will therefore affect everyone, and at some time in
the process of development of a greenhouse strategy the general public will need to be engaged. It
is not necessarily the case that this should occur at this early stage in the process, and therefore it
may be that the issues papers were intended for an audience already versed in greenhouse issues.
However if that is not the case - ie the papers were intended for a general readership, they appear
not to be well directed to that broader audience. In terms of language, structure and presentation,
they appear to be directed to people within government agencies, or people with a high level of
understanding of the energy sector and government processes. In addition they do not appear to
have been well proof-read, (eg p16 of the Overview paper "For Adelaide, a 50 cm rise in sea level
would cause a 1 in 100 year (ie 1% probability) storm event to occur on average every two years.")
In general, two important criteria to be examined in developing strategies are:
• Effectiveness of possible actions, or how much effect can be realised by a specific action
in relation to the overall outcome or target, and
• cost-effectiveness, or how much of the target can be achieved at what financial, social or
other cost.
In the present context, the discussion papers would have been more effective in promoting
informed responses had they given more quantitative data on the effectiveness and cost-
effectiveness of different actions in producing reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.
Recognising that the papers do not deal with targets, it would still be possible to inform future
discussion with such figures as "It has been estimated that the energy demand of industry could be
reduced by (say) 25% simply by the application of existing high efficiency technology." ANZSES
suggests that information of this sort be made available in later stages of the process.
The Overview paper gives a range of indicators of the scale of climate change, (eg in terms of %
change in rainfall). However for a lay audience the scale of the impacts of climate change on
specific sectors and activities might be more useful (e.g. how much reduction in barley production
per hectare might we expect, other things being equal, as a consequence of projected climate
change by 2050?) In the absence of such measures, it is difficult for people to gain an indication of
how much they should be concerned, and hence how much effort they should put into the strategy.
The uncertainty in these projections is acknowledged, but it would be preferable to provide such
projections with their ranges of uncertainty, rather than providing no scaling information at all.
Targets
ANZSES take the view that given:
• the scale of the modeled climate changes,
• the relationship between emissions and projected climate change,
• the present availability and likely rate of technological change of low carbon energy production
and use technology, and
• the potential of existing high efficiency technologies
it is appropriate for advanced economies such as Australia to set high targets. We note in particular
(Overview paper p3) that South Australia has achieved a 0.4% increase in net emissions since
1990, but that actual emissions have grown by 11% and that this has been offset by forestry
activity and revegetation.
ANZSES proposes that the appropriate way to set targets is to examine the potential of existing
technologies and the likely rate of technology change in the context of South Australian conditions
and the State's other social and economic aspirations. However ANZSES suggests that given the
targets being adopted recently by European nations, a target of 60% reduction in net emissions,
including from overseas tourist air travel and transport of exports, by 2050 would be of the right
order. ANZSES also believes that the State should use the emissions target as a principal driver of
its future economic and technological development and energy and industry related research
activity. Indeed it is difficult to believe that it would be possible for the State Government to achieve
its State Strategic plan aim for SA to position itself as a leader in addressing climate change if it
does not do so.
ANZSES also believes that such ambitious targets are not achievable without cooperation with
other States and the Australian Government, for instance in establishing national product energy
efficiency targets, defining the energy efficiency standards of products procured by governments,
planning and delivering the necessary research and development effort, and planning and delivery
of energy infrastructure changes.
ANZSES also suggests that a single date target, particularly one that is set for a fairly remote future
date is inappropriate, in that it allows necessary decisions to be the subject of other political
objectives over the intermediate period, and increase the potential for failure. Rather, a linear
trajectory for emissions reductions should be defined; with intermediate targets at say every
decade. A thorough analysis of the State's likely future energy production and use pattern might
also suggest that the share of the total emissions reduction target should vary between sectors.
Adaptation
Because of the greenhouse gases already injected into the atmosphere, and the emissions that will
inevitably be produced in the next few decades, some climate change has already occurred, and
more will. Adaptation measures are therefore a necessary part of a response strategy. The priority
areas for adaptation certainly include those where climate change will result in the abandonment or
serious reduction in the usefulness of expensive infrastructure. For example expansion of irrigated
agriculture may need to move south from such locations as the Riverland to avoid excessively high
temperatures, high evapo-transpiration rates and the loss of chill days.
Some measures for adaptation to the consequences of climate change overlap with measures to
reduce the rates of GHG emissions ie, have a double benefit, and this is particularly the case
where the measures are structural and the structures are long-lived. An example is insulation of
buildings, which both reduces heat gains and losses now, and therefore reduces the energy
requirements (and associated GHG emissions) for heating and cooling, but also makes the
buildings better adapted to future higher temperatures. The specific measures required would
include the introduction of high insulation standards for new buildings and extensions and the
requirement that where building modifications over a certain minimum value are undertaken,
insulation be upgraded (where practicable).
Similarly the development and deployment of bio-energy crops ) like canola for bio-diesel) that are
well adapted to future climatic conditions addresses both the production of GHGs and climate
change adaptation.
Barriers
Primary barriers to necessary change in energy consuming activity lie in the difficulty of achieving
environmentally desirable behaviour change in a society that has been acculturated to value
convenience very highly (e.g. in relation to the use of private cars), where conspicuous
consumption associated with high energy use is also associated with social status, and where
planning to avoid energy expenditure is not part of most people's experience. A specific barrier is
that peoples'lives are now very crowded with activities, and that cramming them into a day - where
often some of those activities are located at a distance from one another - is seen as necessitating
the use of private transport. The difficulty of achieving desirable behavioural change demands that
a heavy emphasis will have to be placed on improving the efficiency of our technologies.
A further general barrier is that for many industries energy costs are a small part of total operating
costs, hence attract little management attention, even when the pay-back time for eg energy
efficiency measures is very short.
To overcome the barriers identified above a culture needs to be created where energy efficiency
and emissions are central to people's and industry's self-image. One way to promote such a culture
would be to associate GHG emissions awareness with activities that are popular and of high
profile. An example would be to introduce events into the Clipsal 500 races where the winners were
those who used the least fuel, and where minimum qualifying efficiency standards where
progressively increased over successive events.
In designing policies and programs for emissions related behaviour change, lessons can be drawn
from SA’s (and other jurisdictions’) efforts to promote behaviour change in other areas, including
arid lands management, native vegetation protection, container deposit legislation, pollution
control, and the improvement of irrigation water use efficiency. Each of these areas is
characterised by different relationships between the responsible actor (eg landholder), and the
impact of the behaviour on the interests of the actor, but by careful analysis of those differences
and the success of strategies for desired behaviour change in those contexts, lessons applicable to
emissions related behaviour change can be learned.
Thought starters for further comments
• SA is in a favoured position on account of high use of gas for electricity Can we develop
a strategy to maintain that sort of lead
• Cooperation with other states in developing strategies
• Making response to climate change as focus of the state development strategy
• Consistency of state objectives.

SLIVER solar cells

Solar technology developed at The Australian National University has won its second
environmental award in less than a month. SLIVER solar cells, invented at the Centre for
Sustainable Energy Systems at ANU in collaboration with Origin Energy, have won a Global 100
Eco-Tech Award to be presented at the 2005 World Expo in Aichi, Japan.
The technology was recognised by the Japanese solar industry for its potential to prevent global
warming.
“This second win is further reward for the years of dedication by CSES and Origin researchers and
ongoing confirmation of the potential of SLIVER technology to revolutionise the solar energy
industry,” said Mr Ray Prowse, Manager of the Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems.
A team of professors and senior management officials from Japan’s universities, research institutes
and environmental organisations screened competition entries for the Global 100 Eco-Tech Award
through a comprehensive assessment considering:
· The contribution to resolving global environmental problems and realising a sustainable future.
· The novelty of the technology appropriate to 21st century society.
· Its universality, that is, its usefulness in different societies.
SLIVER is a unique monocrystalline solar photovoltaic technology that uses dramatically less
silicon than other solar cells. Small volumes of SLIVER panels are now being produced at a
dedicated Origin Energy plant in Adelaide, South Australia and the solar team is working towards
producing larger modules for scale production in coming years.
The award will be presented at a ceremony on Thursday, 1 September at the World Expo 2005.
They also recently won a 2005 Banksia Award in Category 8: Environmental Leadership in
Infrastructure & Services
Source: Australian National University and Physics.org

VIRTUAL ENERGY DISPLAY

The Virtual Energy Display is an educational presentation on renewable energy on display at the
SA Museum.
Visit the interactive website http://renewableenergy.unisa.edu.au for live daily data from Starfish
Hill Wind Farm, EDL Landfill gas, solar on Art Galley, SA Museum and aggregated data from
residential solar PV's.
It has been designed to capture all new solar installations in the 'North Terrace Power Station'
including the new installation on the roof of Parliament House and the State Library.

AUSTRALIAN & NEW ZEALAND SOLAR ENERGY SOCIETY SA BRANCH

BRANCH COMMITTEE 2005:

President: Chris Selwood

Ph 8322 2990(h) 8463 4690(w) fax 8305 0175
email: selwood.chris@saugov.sa.gov.au

Vice-President: Stewart Martin

School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of SA, Mawson Lakes 5095
Ph 8302 3048 (w) 8261 4630 (h) fax 8302 3389 email: stewart.martin@unisa.edu.au

Secretary: Albert Thompson ph 08 8339 5869 aat@internode.on.net

Treasurer: John Rolls

103 Lansdowne Terrace Vale Park 5081 Ph 8463 6907 (w) 8269 3879 (h) 04 1029 4638 (m) 8463 6900 (f)
email: rolls.john@saugov.sa.gov.au (w) jrolls@picknowl.com.au (h)

Solar News SA Editor: John Held

Ph 8271 4555 (w) 8272 6608(h) Email jfheld@rusyel.com.au

Publicity Officer:
Margaret Dingle ph 8362 7007 email mdingle@chariot.net.au

Solar House Tours Coordinator:

Monica Oliphant 8277 3357 (h) 0404 898277(Mob) email: oliphant@senet.com.au

ANZSES National Committee:

Wasim Saman (National Committee Contact)
Sustainable Energy Centre, School of AME, University of SA, Mawson Lakes 5095 Ph 8302 3008 (w) 8251
4619 (h) fax 8302 3380 email: wasim.saman@unisa.edu.au

FUTURE MATERIAL FOR SOLAR NEWS SA

We are keen to distribute as much information and news as possible in this format. Obviously it’s
quickest, easiest and fastest by email – so if you are getting this by post, and have an email
address, please contact John Held at jfheld@rusyel.com.au . Please send me any news, meetings of
interest to members, and other bits of information!
 Australian And New Zealand Solar Energy Society (SA Branch)

SOLAR NEWS SA Formerly the ANZSES CHATTER

www.anzses.org July 2005

sa@anzses.org

WELCOME
… to this month’s edition of Solar News SA.

DIARY DATES
Wednesday 20 July 2005 at 4.00pm PROFESSOR PETER NEWMAN
Tuesday 2 August 2005 at 6.00pm DR MANFRED LENZEN
Tues 9th August, ATA meeting 7.30pm for 8.00pmr Peter Pudney, UniSA, Solar Car Racing
Consortium
Sat/Sun 27/28 August Rainbow Warrior in Adelaide
SAT 10TH AND SUN 11TH SEPT 2005 Solar House Days
25th Sept-2nd Oct. WORLD SOLAR CHALLENGE
28-30 November Solar 2005 conference Dunedin
For other sustainability events see
http://www.ata.org.au/events.htm
http://www.sustainablelivingcalendar.org.au/
http://www.eventspool.com/

PRINTING THIS NEWSLETTER

If you want to print this newsletter off, a PDF copy is available from www.35s.com.au/anzses

SUSTAINABILITY THE NEW PROFESSION.

Professor Peter Newman, Director of the Institute of Sustainability and Technology Policy at
Murdoch University.
Weds 20th July at 4.00pm Yugondi Building, Uni SA, City West Campus, North Terrace.

SOLAR CARS. SOLAR ELECTRIC COMMUTER CAR

Dr Peter Pudney, University of South Australia, Solar Car Racing Consortium.
ATA Meeting Tues 9th August, at 7.30pm for 8.00pm, The Meeting Room, The Tower Hotel, 621,
Magill Rd, Magill.

THE RAINBOW WARRIOR.

The Rainbow Warrior will be at Port Adelaide on Sat/Sun 27/28 August to promote renewable
energy. We have been offered a display area on board the boat which we plan to use to promote
Anzses and Solar House Day. We would like some members to help with the display. If you are
available for 2 or 3 hours between 9.00am and 5.00pm please contact Stewart Martin (8302 3048
or 82614630 or stewart.martin@unisa.edu.au).

SOLAR HOUSE DAYS SAT 10TH AND SUN 11TH SEPT 2005

The houses are still being finalized but we expect at least 15 to be open in the Adelaide Metro area
and SA country areas. Many of the houses will be open for the first time this year and offer
interesting features not seen in previous years.
For further information contact Monica Oliphant 8277 3357 (h) 0404 898277(Mob) email:
oliphant@senet.com.au

CALLING ALL VOLUNTEERS

Solar House Day 2005
September 10 & 11, 11am-4pm
Dear all - it's that time again!
• DID YOU ENJOY VOLUNTEERING FOR SHD LAST YEAR?
• DO YOU HAVE IDEAS FOR MAKING SHD A BETTER EXPERIENCE FOR
EVERYBODY?
We're looking forward to having a great year - please don'thesitate to contact me if you have any
questions
Sarah Dugdale
on behalf of the Solar House Day (SA) Organising Committee
(w) 8226 7195
(h) 8346 0603
(m) 0409 640 841

WORLD SOLAR CHALLENGE 25th Sept-2nd Oct.

Known as the 'Brain-Sport'of our time, the World Solar Challenge entrants will traverse more than
3,000km of the Australian continent from tropical Darwin to balmy Adelaide, in cars powered by
nothing more than the sun. The World Solar Challenge promotes and celebrates education and
technical excellence, drawing attention to the imperatives of sustainable transport.
http://www.wsc.org.au/

SOLAR CITIES CONGRESS FOR ADELAIDE IN 2008

Adelaide’s Victoria Square will be transformed into a “sustainability square” or model of sustainable
city life, when the city hosts up to 1000 international policy makers and experts in renewable
energy at the Third World Solar Cities Congress, run by the International Solar Energy Society
(ISES).
Up to 12 solar lights will be installed in Victoria Square to use the sun’s energy to provide lighting.
Environment and Conservation Minister John Hill and Lord Mayor of Adelaide Michael Harbison
put in a united bid to secure the conference at a meeting of the ISES and the International Solar
Cities Initiative in Freiburg, Germany, early this year.
Adelaide Green City is sponsoring two ISES board members, former president Professor Anne
Grete Hestnes and Chiel Boonstra to attend the 2005 Business of Sustainability Conference in
Adelaide in November. (see Noticeboard)
See the Minister’s media release at
http://www.ministers.sa.gov.au/Minister/MediaFrame.asp?article=4721&MinisterID=10
The Second Solar Cities Congress will be held in Oxford in 2006, and a call for papers is now
open. For more information, see www.solarcities.org.uk

SOLAR 2005

Solar 2005 conference is to be held in Dunedin on 28-30 November. The site address is
www.anzses.org/conference.htm or you can click through from www.anzses.org - just follow the
link to Conferences.
If you have any questions about the conference, please email conference@anzses.org. We look
forward to seeing you in Dunedin in November!

PROFESSOR PETER NEWMAN

On Wednesday 20 July 2005 at 4.00pm in the Atrium
- Yungondi Blg City West Campus

"Sustainability: The New Profession"

Professor Peter Newman
Peter Newman is the Professor of City Policy and Director of the Institute for Sustainability and
Technology Policy, at Murdoch University. He is Chair of the Western Australian Sustainability
Roundtable advising the Premier on how to implement their Sustainability Strategy. Peter's book
with Jeff Kenworthy 'Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence'was launched
in the White House in 1999 and his 2001 co-authored book is called 'Back on Track: Rethinking
Australian and New Zealand Transport.'In 2004 he was made a Sustainability Commissioner in
NSW.Senior Research Fellow, University of Sydney

Abstract
Professor Newman will demonstrate the need for sustainability professionals to tackle the multiple
problems of water, energy, transport, waste, community health (especially Indigenous health) and
other long term issues. He will suggest sustainability professionals will need to develop skills in
interdisciplinary policy learning, playing 'jazz'with partnerships, developing transformative
infrastructure solutions (not incremental ones), and creating hope through exploring ethical
dimensions of issues. He will outline case studies of where early applications of this approach have
emerged in WA and NSW.

DR MANFRED LENZEN

On Tuesday 2 August 2005 at 6.00pm in the Atrium

- Yungondi Blg City West Campus

Integrated sustainability accounting and reporting for Australia"

Manfred is a Senior Research Fellow at the University of Sydney. He has a PhD in Nuclear Physics
from the University of Bonn in Germany. He has worked for 5 years on renewable energy
technologies, such as passive solar architecture, vacuum glazing and wind turbines. For the past 6
years, his work has been in the field of Ecological Economics, with a focus on Environmental
Impact Studies, Ecological Footprint methodology, Triple Bottom Line and Sustainability Reporting
for organisations, sustainable consumption and trade, the Kuznets hypothesis, Economic Systems
Research, Multi-Criteria Decision Making methodology, and Industrial Ecology. Manfred's
emphasis is on sound mathematical underpinnings for methods in the interdisciplinary field of
Ecological Economics.

Abstract
Triple Bottom Line / Sustainability reporting is widely advanced as a way in which firms and
institutions can realise broader societal objectives in addition to increasing shareholder value. In
our framework for the Australian economy, we integrate financial input-output tables that describe
the inter-dependencies between economic sectors, with national social and environmental
accounts to construct numerate 'triple bottom line'accounts for 2700 discrete economic sectors.
Thus for a firm, or an industry sector, financial aspects of performance can for example be
expressed as 'dollars of gross operating surplus per dollar of output'.Social performance is
measured for example by 'minutes of employment generated per dollar'.Climate change issues are
indicated by 'kilograms of carbon dioxide emitted per dollar'.
Since these indicators of 'triple bottom line'performance are referenced against financial units and
are consistent with the System of National Accounts, they can be applied to financial data of a
service or product, a firm, an industry sector, a population, or a region /state/nation, and allow a
robust triple bottom line account to be developed across a range of scales. The critical advantage
of this approach is that it represents an economy-wide life-cycle analysis without boundaries. It
includes both the direct or immediate effects as well as the indirect or diffuse effects associated
with a large and distant chain of supply paths. The incorporation of all the indirect or upstream
effects therefore removes any problems associated with a choice of boundary. Products, firms,
industry sectors, populations and regions can therefore be assessed properly in sustainable chain
management terms. Thus a firm that uses a key intermediate input requiring a large amount of
water for example, cannot 'outsource'or 'de-merge'the environmental implications since they are
revealed in the analysis of the full production chain. This revelation also enables meaningful
benchmarking of firms featuring different degrees of vertical integration, and the management of
risk in a holistic, economy-wide context. Finally, it provides incentives and support for 'green
procurement',because it underpins change and improvement processes acting on the entire inter-
related production network, as opposed to considering only on-site impacts.

Kim Gauci
Admin
J2-02 Phone: 8302 5347
OC1-11 Phone: 8302 3788

FOOTPRINTS
As green businesses and those with an interest in sustainability I you may be interested in
subscribing an email newsletter to keep up with sustainability activities in South Australia -
particularly those things that the Government is saying and doing. For more information go to
http://lists.internode.on.net/mailman/listinfo/footprint

CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE FOR ADELAIDE

The Second Australia–New Zealand Climate Change and Business Conference will be held in
Adelaide in February 2006.
Building on the successful 2004 conference in New Zealand, it will focus on business opportunities
and risks associated with climate change.
This high level international conference targets CEOs, senior executives, government policy-
makers, consultants and other stakeholders.
It will explore:
Perspectives and initiatives from local and global political leaders, business and community
leaders
• Lessons from operating emissions trading markets (including the EU market)
• Beyond Kyoto – how to achieve the emissions reductions likely to be needed (around 60
per cent by 2050)
• Approaches for Australian companies to access Kyoto flexibility mechanisms and the
Asian markets
• Emerging technologies and innovative approach to reducing emissions
• Business risks
• Business opportunities arising from local government initiatives
• The latest science and the potential impacts of climate change.
The conference is being organized by a coalition of business groups and NGOs from Australia,
New Zealand, USA and Europe and is supported by the Government of South Australia.
Dates and Venue: 20-21 February 2006 at The Hilton Hotel, Adelaide.
Visit www.climateandbusiness.com for more information.

DRAFT ANZSES RESPONSE TO SOUTH AUSTRALIA’S GREENHOUSE

STRATEGY DISCUSSION PAPERS
Role of ANZSES
Australian and New Zealand Solar Energy Society (ANZSES) exists to promote the development
and use of solar and other renewable sources of energy. The Society was established in (Check
website)? and is a national body with branches in every state and New Zealand. Its membership
includes professionals, academics and businesses working in the field of renewable energy. The
Society is linked with the International Solar Energy Society (ISES), and organised an international
solar energy conference in Adelaide in 2002. Because of the range of professional activity of its
members, the Society is in a good position to comment on the practicability of measures to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions.
The SA Branch of ANZSES is very pleased that the SA Government is developing a State
Greenhouse strategy, as it regards the issue of climate change as the most severe environmental
problem facing the world today.
Comments
General Issues.
The use of energy derived from fossil fuels is fundamental to modern life and productive activity,
and the resulting greenhouse gas induced climate change is expected to be very wide ranging in its
impacts. The issue itself and our responses to it will therefore affect everyone, and at some time in
the process of development of a greenhouse strategy the general public will need to be engaged. It
is not necessarily the case that this should occur at this early stage in the process, and therefore it
may be that the issues papers were intended for an audience already versed in greenhouse issues.
However if that is not the case - ie the papers were intended for a general readership, they appear
not to be well directed to that broader audience. In terms of language, structure and presentation,
they appear to be directed to people within government agencies, or people with a high level of
understanding of the energy sector and government processes. In addition they do not appear to
have been well proof-read, (eg p16 of the Overview paper "For Adelaide, a 50 cm rise in sea level
would cause a 1 in 100 year (ie 1% probability) storm event to occur on average every two years.")
In general, two important criteria to be examined in developing strategies are:
• Effectiveness of possible actions, or how much effect can be realised by a specific action
in relation to the overall outcome or target, and
• cost-effectiveness, or how much of the target can be achieved at what financial, social or
other cost.
In the present context, the discussion papers would have been more effective in promoting
informed responses had they given more quantitative data on the effectiveness and cost-
effectiveness of different actions in producing reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.
Recognising that the papers do not deal with targets, it would still be possible to inform future
discussion with such figures as "It has been estimated that the energy demand of industry could be
reduced by (say) 25% simply by the application of existing high efficiency technology." ANZSES
suggests that information of this sort be made available in later stages of the process.
The Overview paper gives a range of indicators of the scale of climate change, (eg in terms of %
change in rainfall). However for a lay audience the scale of the impacts of climate change on
specific sectors and activities might be more useful (e.g. how much reduction in barley production
per hectare might we expect, other things being equal, as a consequence of projected climate
change by 2050?) In the absence of such measures, it is difficult for people to gain an indication of
how much they should be concerned, and hence how much effort they should put into the strategy.
The uncertainty in these projections is acknowledged, but it would be preferable to provide such
projections with their ranges of uncertainty, rather than providing no scaling information at all.
Targets
ANZSES take the view that given:
• the scale of the modeled climate changes,
• the relationship between emissions and projected climate change,
• the present availability and likely rate of technological change of low carbon energy production
and use technology, and
• the potential of existing high efficiency technologies
it is appropriate for advanced economies such as Australia to set high targets. We note in particular
(Overview paper p3) that South Australia has achieved a 0.4% increase in net emissions since
1990, but that actual emissions have grown by 11% and that this has been offset by forestry
activity and revegetation.
ANZSES proposes that the appropriate way to set targets is to examine the potential of existing
technologies and the likely rate of technology change in the context of South Australian conditions
and the State's other social and economic aspirations. However ANZSES suggests that given the
targets being adopted recently by European nations, a target of 60% reduction in net emissions,
including from overseas tourist air travel and transport of exports, by 2050 would be of the right
order. ANZSES also believes that the State should use the emissions target as a principal driver of
its future economic and technological development and energy and industry related research
activity. Indeed it is difficult to believe that it would be possible for the State Government to achieve
its State Strategic plan aim for SA to position itself as a leader in addressing climate change if it
does not do so.
ANZSES also believes that such ambitious targets are not achievable without cooperation with
other States and the Australian Government, for instance in establishing national product energy
efficiency targets, defining the energy efficiency standards of products procured by governments,
planning and delivering the necessary research and development effort, and planning and delivery
of energy infrastructure changes.
ANZSES also suggests that a single date target, particularly one that is set for a fairly remote future
date is inappropriate, in that it allows necessary decisions to be the subject of other political
objectives over the intermediate period, and increase the potential for failure. Rather, a linear
trajectory for emissions reductions should be defined; with intermediate targets at say every
decade. A thorough analysis of the State's likely future energy production and use pattern might
also suggest that the share of the total emissions reduction target should vary between sectors.
Adaptation
Because of the greenhouse gases already injected into the atmosphere, and the emissions that will
inevitably be produced in the next few decades, some climate change has already occurred, and
more will. Adaptation measures are therefore a necessary part of a response strategy. The priority
areas for adaptation certainly include those where climate change will result in the abandonment or
serious reduction in the usefulness of expensive infrastructure. For example expansion of irrigated
agriculture may need to move south from such locations as the Riverland to avoid excessively high
temperatures, high evapo-transpiration rates and the loss of chill days.
Some measures for adaptation to the consequences of climate change overlap with measures to
reduce the rates of GHG emissions ie, have a double benefit, and this is particularly the case
where the measures are structural and the structures are long-lived. An example is insulation of
buildings, which both reduces heat gains and losses now, and therefore reduces the energy
requirements (and associated GHG emissions) for heating and cooling, but also makes the
buildings better adapted to future higher temperatures. The specific measures required would
include the introduction of high insulation standards for new buildings and extensions and the
requirement that where building modifications over a certain minimum value are undertaken,
insulation be upgraded (where practicable).
Similarly the development and deployment of bio-energy crops ) like canola for bio-diesel) that are
well adapted to future climatic conditions addresses both the production of GHGs and climate
change adaptation.
Barriers
Primary barriers to necessary change in energy consuming activity lie in the difficulty of achieving
environmentally desirable behaviour change in a society that has been acculturated to value
convenience very highly (e.g. in relation to the use of private cars), where conspicuous
consumption associated with high energy use is also associated with social status, and where
planning to avoid energy expenditure is not part of most people's experience. A specific barrier is
that peoples'lives are now very crowded with activities, and that cramming them into a day - where
often some of those activities are located at a distance from one another - is seen as necessitating
the use of private transport. The difficulty of achieving desirable behavioural change demands that
a heavy emphasis will have to be placed on improving the efficiency of our technologies.
A further general barrier is that for many industries energy costs are a small part of total operating
costs, hence attract little management attention, even when the pay-back time for eg energy
efficiency measures is very short.
To overcome the barriers identified above a culture needs to be created where energy efficiency
and emissions are central to people's and industry's self-image. One way to promote such a culture
would be to associate GHG emissions awareness with activities that are popular and of high
profile. An example would be to introduce events into the Clipsal 500 races where the winners were
those who used the least fuel, and where minimum qualifying efficiency standards where
progressively increased over successive events.
In designing policies and programs for emissions related behaviour change, lessons can be drawn
from SA’s (and other jurisdictions’) efforts to promote behaviour change in other areas, including
arid lands management, native vegetation protection, container deposit legislation, pollution
control, and the improvement of irrigation water use efficiency. Each of these areas is
characterised by different relationships between the responsible actor (eg landholder), and the
impact of the behaviour on the interests of the actor, but by careful analysis of those differences
and the success of strategies for desired behaviour change in those contexts, lessons applicable to
emissions related behaviour change can be learned.
Thought starters for further comments
• SA is in a favoured position on account of high use of gas for electricity Can we develop
a strategy to maintain that sort of lead
• Cooperation with other states in developing strategies
• Making response to climate change as focus of the state development strategy
• Consistency of state objectives.

SLIVER solar cells

Solar technology developed at The Australian National University has won its second
environmental award in less than a month. SLIVER solar cells, invented at the Centre for
Sustainable Energy Systems at ANU in collaboration with Origin Energy, have won a Global 100
Eco-Tech Award to be presented at the 2005 World Expo in Aichi, Japan.
The technology was recognised by the Japanese solar industry for its potential to prevent global
warming.
“This second win is further reward for the years of dedication by CSES and Origin researchers and
ongoing confirmation of the potential of SLIVER technology to revolutionise the solar energy
industry,” said Mr Ray Prowse, Manager of the Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems.
A team of professors and senior management officials from Japan’s universities, research institutes
and environmental organisations screened competition entries for the Global 100 Eco-Tech Award
through a comprehensive assessment considering:
· The contribution to resolving global environmental problems and realising a sustainable future.
· The novelty of the technology appropriate to 21st century society.
· Its universality, that is, its usefulness in different societies.
SLIVER is a unique monocrystalline solar photovoltaic technology that uses dramatically less
silicon than other solar cells. Small volumes of SLIVER panels are now being produced at a
dedicated Origin Energy plant in Adelaide, South Australia and the solar team is working towards
producing larger modules for scale production in coming years.
The award will be presented at a ceremony on Thursday, 1 September at the World Expo 2005.
They also recently won a 2005 Banksia Award in Category 8: Environmental Leadership in
Infrastructure & Services
Source: Australian National University and Physics.org

VIRTUAL ENERGY DISPLAY

The Virtual Energy Display is an educational presentation on renewable energy on display at the
SA Museum.
Visit the interactive website http://renewableenergy.unisa.edu.au for live daily data from Starfish
Hill Wind Farm, EDL Landfill gas, solar on Art Galley, SA Museum and aggregated data from
residential solar PV's.
It has been designed to capture all new solar installations in the 'North Terrace Power Station'
including the new installation on the roof of Parliament House and the State Library.

AUSTRALIAN & NEW ZEALAND SOLAR ENERGY SOCIETY SA BRANCH

BRANCH COMMITTEE 2005:

President: Chris Selwood

Ph 8322 2990(h) 8463 4690(w) fax 8305 0175
email: selwood.chris@saugov.sa.gov.au

Vice-President: Stewart Martin

School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of SA, Mawson Lakes 5095
Ph 8302 3048 (w) 8261 4630 (h) fax 8302 3389 email: stewart.martin@unisa.edu.au

Secretary: Albert Thompson ph 08 8339 5869 aat@internode.on.net

Treasurer: John Rolls

103 Lansdowne Terrace Vale Park 5081 Ph 8463 6907 (w) 8269 3879 (h) 04 1029 4638 (m) 8463 6900 (f)
email: rolls.john@saugov.sa.gov.au (w) jrolls@picknowl.com.au (h)

Solar News SA Editor: John Held

Ph 8271 4555 (w) 8272 6608(h) Email jfheld@rusyel.com.au

Publicity Officer:
Margaret Dingle ph 8362 7007 email mdingle@chariot.net.au

Solar House Tours Coordinator:

Monica Oliphant 8277 3357 (h) 0404 898277(Mob) email: oliphant@senet.com.au

ANZSES National Committee:

Wasim Saman (National Committee Contact)
Sustainable Energy Centre, School of AME, University of SA, Mawson Lakes 5095 Ph 8302 3008 (w) 8251
4619 (h) fax 8302 3380 email: wasim.saman@unisa.edu.au

FUTURE MATERIAL FOR SOLAR NEWS SA

We are keen to distribute as much information and news as possible in this format. Obviously it’s
quickest, easiest and fastest by email – so if you are getting this by post, and have an email
address, please contact John Held at jfheld@rusyel.com.au . Please send me any news, meetings of
interest to members, and other bits of information!