(Statistical

Process Control) 7
(7 QCTools)
(1)

(Reduce Defective)



7 (7 QCTools) 2.1

 2 7

23

7QC Tools

(Research)
(Development and Improvement)
2.1 /
2.1 7 QC Tools



(Development and Improvement) /
7
(7 QCTools)
1. (Check Sheet)
2. (Stratification)
3. (Graph)
4. (Pareto Chart)
5. (Cause and Effect Diagram)
6. (Scatter Diagram)
7. (Control charts)

 2 7

24

1. 2.

1.
2.

2.1 AH

(upper and lower
specification limit)


8.05 7.95

1.
2.1
2.
AH
2.2

 2 7

25

2.1 (Check sheet)

(./)

.. 1
2
.
.
29
30

2.2

Check sheet
AH 3 10 .. ()
0.05
Fukumura
No.

-0.07

-0.06

.
.

.
.

15

+0.07

()
7 8 9 10

..
...............................................
..
11

12

13

14

15

16

2.1 2.2

 2 7

26

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
2
1. (Quantitative Data)


(Variables)
2. (Qualitative Data)

/
/ /
(Attribute)

/ / /

 2 7

27

2.2

2.2
2.3 2.8
2.3

123
63.08

46
23.59

4
2.05

20
10.25

2
1.03

195
100

2.4

27
13.85

30
15.38

54
27.69

33
16.92

27
13.85

24
12.31

195
100

2.5

1
116
59.49
2
79
40.51

195
100

2.6

98
97
195

50.6
49.74
100

 2 7

28

2.7

( : )

72
62.07
28
24.14
2
1.73
13
11.20
1
0.86
116
100

51
64.56
18
22.78
2
2.53
7
8.86
1
1.27
79
100

2.8

13 (48.15)
11
(40.74)
(0)
3
(11.11)
(0)
27
(100)

( : )

20
38
20
20
(66.67)
(70.37)
(60.61)
(74.10)
8
11
6
2
(22.67)
(20.37)
(18.18)
(7.40)
1
1
1
(0)
(1.85)
(3.03)
(3.70)
2
4
6
3
(8.66)
(7.41)
(18.18)
(11.10)
1
(0)
(0)
(0)
(3.70)
30
54
33
27
(100)
(100)
(100)
(100)

12
(50)
8
(33.33)
1
(4.17)
2
(8.33)
1
(4.17)
24
(100)

: 2.3 2.8

2.3 2.8

/

 2 7

29

(Chi-square; 2 )
(Correlation)

(

....

)

(Bar-chart)
(Pie-chart) (Line-chart) (Box-plot) (Steam and leaf)
(Histogram)



2.2

 2 7

2.2

30

 2 7

31

2.3.1) (Bar Graph)

2.9 (Multiple Bar Chart)
2.10
2.9

80000
70000
60000

( : )

50000

Count

( :
)
72,690
7,750
4,000
2,580
3,400
4,226
1,500

40000
30000
20000
10000
0

China

India

Indonesia

Korea

Phillipines

Thailand

Turaki

2.1

2.10 ..2545
..2546

A
B
C
D
E

Branch
V a r ia b le
2545
2546

250

200

Dat a

( :
)
.. ..
2545
2546
75
60
120
140
30
20
35
10
40
50

150

100

50

branch

2.2 ..2545 ..2546

 2 7

32

2.3.2) (Line Graph)

2.11
2.12
2.11
.. 2525-2541

2525
2526
2527
2528
2529
2530
2531
2532
2533
2534
2535
2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541

()
1,219
1,303
1,352
1,447
1,647
1,946
2,105
2,489
2,726
2,825
2,731
3,374
3,543
3,866
4,772
3,483
3,936

5000

..

4000
3000
2000
1000

2526

2528

2530

2532

..

2534

2536

2538

2540

2.3

 2 7

33

2.12 Loss Ratio < 160%

()

(X1)
(X2)
(X3)
31/32
59.372
5.306
11.471
32/33
59.195
5.244
11.165
33/34
58.205
3.705
10.91
34/35
55.177
4.494
9.219
35/36
56.295
4.158
8.446
36/37
56.153
3.098
8.37
37/38
56.373
4.304
8.829
38/39
57.407
5.946
8.346
39/40
57.291
6.437
8.665
40/41
56.958
7.231
8.729
41/42
56.24
6.458
9.008
42/43
56.582
7.861
7.719
43/44
57.775
8.717
7.801
44/45
57.838
8.434
7.685
45/46
56.90
9.533
7.317

57.1846
6.0617
8.912
: 2547

, ,
60

(: )

50
40
30

20
10
0

31/32 32/33 33/34 34/35 35/36 36/37 37/38 38/39 39/40 40/41 41/42 42/43 43/44 44/45 45/46

2.4
Loss Ratio < 160%

 2 7

34

2.3.3) (Pie Graph)

360 100 %
1 % 3.6 2.13
2.13
15.5

-
-

-
-

()
8.99

(%)
58

()
208.8

3.41
2.48
0.62
15.5

22
16
4
100

79.2
57.6
14.4
360

22%

16%
4%

58%

2.5

 2 7

35

2.3.4) (Box-Plot )

(Median) 1 (Q1) 2 (Q2) 3
(Q3) extreme value Outlier value 2.6

Q3+3IQR (Outlier Value)

Q3+1.5IQR (Outlier Value)

= Q3

Q2

IQR

= Q1

Q3-1.5IQR (Outlier Value)

Q3-3IQR (Outlier Value)

2.6

IQR (Interquartile Range) = Q3-Q1

25 (P25) = 1 (Q1)
50 (P50) = 2 (Q2) = (Median)
75 (P75) = 3 (Q3)

 2 7

36

1) (Box) 2.6
) ) )

25%

25%

25%

25%

IQR = Median
0

50

100

150

200

)
Q1

Q3

Median

Q1

50

100

150

Median Q3

200

50

100

150

200

2.7

2)

3) Outlier Extremes outlier extremes (whisker)
outlier extremes
(whisker)
2.3
2.14
36 2.6

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

2.34
3.14
3.51
2.51
2.84
2.65
3.48
2.43
3.31

10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

2.27
1.52
2.61
3.79
2.53
3.53
2.14
2.15
3.75

19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27

3.72
4.46
0.72
3.89
3.79
3.83
2.88
3.42
2.93

28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36

1.47
4.59
2.62
1.38
3.32
3.28
3.26
2.91
1.39

 2 7

37

2.14
Q1=2.3625 Md=2.92 Q3=3.525

=0.72
Variable
hours

N Mean StDev
36 2.899 0.896

=4.59
Min Q1
0.720 2.3625

Median
2.920

Q3
Max IQR
3.525 4.590 1.163

2.8

(IQR) = Q3 - Q1 = 1.163
Q1 - 3(IQR) = 2.363 - 3(1.163) = -1.123 -1.123 Extreme
Q1 1.5(IQR) = 2.363 1.5(1.163) = 0.62 -1.123
0.62 Outlier
Q3 + 1.5(IQR) = 3.525 + 1.5(1.162) = 5.268 5.268 7.011
Outlier
Q3 + 3(IQR) = 3.525 + 3(1.162) = 7.011 7.011 Extreme
2.14
Outlier Extreme (Mean) 2.899 (StDev)
0.896 (Min) 0.720 (Max) 4.590
(Skewness) -0.44 (Kurtosis) -0.08
2.3.5) (Stem and Leaf Diagram)



1)
-

(1)
(2)

 2 7

38

(1)
(2)
(3)
2) 1) (Stem)
3) ()
()
4) 2.5

(1)
(2)
(3)
(1) (2)
(3)
(4)
-
-
2.4 (Internet)
50
71 83 71 68 79 84 82 74 83 97
74 67 57 72 69 73 93 78 77 95
60 66 70 50 76 81 90 79 78 83
84 75 59 70 94 84 101 91 80 86
72 79 85 65 71 92 80 102 93 69
2.8

5
6
7
8
9
10

0
0
0
9
0
0

7
5
0
9
0
1

9
6
1
9
1
2

7 8 9 9
1 2 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 7 8 8 9 9
2 3 3 4 4 5 6
3 3 4 5 7

2.8

 2 7

39

2.5
30 ( : 1,000 )
1120 1128 1308 1355 1485 369 507 549 561 845
430 631 652 655 666 435 715 720 820 836
500 749 798 890 945 956 967 1085 1260 1299

2.9

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

67
30
00
31
15
20
45
85
20
60
05
85

35
07
52
20
36
56

49
55
49
45
67

61
66
98
90

28
99
55

2.9

2.3.6) (Histogram)


()
-
2.6

 2 7

40

2.6 2.3
(Histogram) 2.10
2.15
2.15
136

0.70 1.09
1.10 1.49
1.50 1.89
1.90 2.29
2.30 2.69
2.70 3.09
3.10 3.49
3.50 3.89
3.90 4.29
4.30 4.69
4.70 5.09
5.10 5.49
5.50 5.89

1
5
8
10
15
16
33
22
11
7
5
2
1
136

0.65 1.095
1.095 1.495
1.495 1.895
1.895 2.295
2.295 2.695
2.695 3.095
3.095 3.495
3.495 3.895
3.895 4.295
4.295 4.695
4.695 5.095
5.095 5.495
5.495 5.895

0.73
3.67
5.88
7.35
11.03
11.77
24.26
16.18
8.09
5.15
3.67
1.47
0.73
100

40
30
20

Freqency

10
0
0.695 - 1.095

1.495 - 1.895

1.095 - 1.495

2.295 - 2.695

1.895 - 2.295

3.095 - 3.495

2.695 - 3.095

3.895 - 4.295

3.495 - 3.895

4.695 - 5.095

4.295 - 4.695

5.495 - 5.895

5.095 - 5.495

Number of hours

2.10

 2 7

41

2.3.7) (Frequency Curve)

2.11

(1)

(2)

(3) 2

Mean
Median
Mode

2.11

> >
> >
= = 2

2.12

2.12

 2 7

42

(Vilfredo
Pareto) ..1848 ..1923

1.


2.


3. ( Accumulation )

4.
=

100

5.


1 : 1 1 : 2
( )
6.

7.

8.
0 % 100 % 0 100%

 2 7

43

5 20, 40, 60, 80 % ( 10

10, 20, 30 100 )
2.7
1)

,
2)
VA-58
1 .. - 30 .

Hosotani

front front rear back

penel pillar
pillar panel

3) ( Accumulation )
No.
1
2
3 ,
4
5
6
7

51
51
36
87
15
102
10
112
10
122
5
127
7
134
134

 2 7

44

4)

100

No.

1
51
2
36
3 ,
15
4
10
5
10
6
5

7
7

134

51
38.1
87
64.9
102
76.1
112
83.6
122
91.0
127
94.8
134
-

100.0
-

5) 6)
140

100

120
80

Fr e q ue nc e

100

60

80
60

40

40
20

20

X1
Count
Percent
Cum %

1
51
3 8 .1
3 8 .1

2
36
2 6 .9
6 4 .9

3
15
1 1 .2
7 6 .1

4
10
7 .5
8 3 .6

5
10
7 .5
9 1 .0

7
5 .2
9 6 .3

Other
5
3 .7
1 0 0 .0

6)
P a r e to C h a r t
140

100

120

Fr e q ue nc e

60

80
60

40

40
20

20
X1
Count
Percent
Cum %

1
51
3 8 .1
3 8 .1

2
36
2 6 .9
6 4 .9

3
15
1 1 .2
7 6 .1

4
10
7 .5
8 3 .6

5
10
7 .5
9 1 .0

7
5 .2
9 6 .3

Other
5
3 .7
1 0 0 .0

2.13 :

Pe r c e nt

80

100

 2 7

45

38.1%
64.9%



1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

(Ishikawa Diagram)
(Cause) (Effect)

1.

2.
4 M (Man) (Material)
(Machine) (Money) 5 M M
5 (Management)
3.

4. 3-6
2.14

 2 7

46

(CAUSE)

(EFFECT)

2.14

1)
2)
3) 2.15

2.15

 2 7

47

2 2
( X)
(Y)

1. (X,Y)

2. X Y

3. X Y
4. 2.16 ) 2.16 ) 2.16 ) 2.16 )

) ( r +)

) ( r -)

) ( r 0)

) ( r 0)

2.16

2.16 2.16 ) )

(r) 2.16 )
(r = 0) 2.16 )

 2 7

48

(Non linear)
(r = 0) 2
0

X
n

i 1

X
n

i 1

i X Yi Y

Y Y
n

i 1

X Y n X Y
i

i 1

n
n 2
2
2
2
X

n
X
i
Yi nY
i 1
i 1

()
2.8
10
No.
() ()
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

4
10
2
1
3
5
6
4.5
7
8.5

895
125
1395
1795
1245
695
650
870
620
500

2.17
2000

X Y

1500

1000

500

10

r = -0.966
2.17 (X)( Y)

2.17 (X)( Y)
-0.966

 2 7

49

3
1. (Control limit)
2. (Upper Control limit)
3. (Lower Control limit)

UCL
3

CL

LCL

2.17

1)
2)
3)
4)
-
-

2
1. (Control Chart for Variables)
(X - chart) ( x - chart)
(R chart) ( S - chart)

 2 7

50

2. (Control Chart for Attributes)

(p - chart) (np - chart)
(C chart) (U chart)

7



7

 2 7

51

1. 7

1
2. ( : )

..
2540
2541
2542
2543

13,053.40
17,881.80
21,870.10
15,833.40

13,996.90
15,089.80
16,577.60
18,014.60

24,533.00
31,640.80
46,881.00
48,351.00

1,356.30
4,805.40
6,136.90
4,699.50

4,756.70
8,506.50
12,392.20
10,390.80

347.50
803.50
712.00
2,512.20
2.1)
2.2)
..
2.3) 2.1) 2.2)

3.

4.

1)
52
2) /
38
3)
20
4)
15
5)
2

 2 7

52

5. 4 A, B, C D

( / )
A
B
C
D
1
92
72
57
82
2
89
78
63
81
3
90
71
58
80
4
64
91
90
84
5
67
82
95
81
6
87
73
72
84
7
77
76
41
84
8
82
70
57
86
9
84
78
64
81
5.1)

5.2) 4

6.
6

( )
3,540
1,380
1,944
672
180
50

()