7

( Acceptance Sampling Plan)

(Risk)

(Acceptance Quality Control)

1.
2.
3.
4.

3
( Sorting )
8.1 ()( )

Formatted: English (U.S.)

202

( )

( )

( )

203

8.1

4
1. ( 100% )

2. (Spot Check Inspection)

3. ( Certification )
ISO
... QS
4. ( Acceptance Sampling )
( Probability Theorem )

204

8.2

8.2
(Acceptance Sampling Plan)

3
1 : (Risk)
(Operating Characteristic Curve of an Acceptance : O.C.Curve)
2 :
(Average Outgoing Quality Limit ;
AOQL) (Average outgoing Quality ; AOQ)
3 :
(Average Sample Size : ASS)

(Risk) 8.3 8.4

205

(lots)


2

(Consumer Risk)
(Producer Risk)
2
1) (Producer Risk) 1 (Type I Error)



2) ( Consumer Risk ) 2 (Type II
Error)

8.1

(1 )
1
( )

2
( )

(1 )

206

8.1
10% 20 1,000

)
5 %
20 2
1,000 (Accept) 2 (Reject)
1,000
: H0 :
H1 :
10 %
n = 20 C
C [ C ~B( n = 20, p = 0.05 )]
( ) = P(c > 2 / p = 0.05)

= 1 -
c 0

20
c
20c
0.05 0.95
c

= 0.0755 = 7.55%
20 1000 5%
7.55 #
)
20 %
20 2
1,000 (Accept) 2 (Reject)
1,000
: H0 :
H1 :
( ) =

2 20

0.2c 0.820 c
c0 c

= P(c < 2 / p = 0.2) = 0.2081

207

20 1000
10 20
20.81

3
1. ( Single Sampling Plan )
2. ( Double Sampling Plan )
3. ( Multiple Sampling Plan )
8.4.1 (Single Sampling Plan)

n
N
C
C

N
n
C
1 N =1000
n = 50 C = 1
2 N =1000
n = 100 C = 2
3 N =1000
n = 200 C = 0
1 N =1000 n = 50 C = 1
1,000 50
1,000 1
1,000 1
1,000
2 3

208

n
X

X<c

8.4

8.4.2 (Double Sampling Plan)

1 2
2

n1
C1
n 2
C 2

1 N = 1000, n1 = 36 , C1 = 0 , n 2 = 59 C 2 = 3
2 N = 1000, n1 = 32 , C1 = 0 , n 2 = 32 C 2 = 1
3 N = 1000, n1 = 20 , C1 = 0 , n 2 = 20 C 2 = 3
1 1000
36
0 3
59
3

209

1000
C1
C2 : C1> 0

1 :
n = 36
C1 > 3

C1 : C1= 0

2 :
n = 59

C2

C2

8.5
8.4.3 ( Multiple Sampling Plan)
2
1

i i=1,2,3,,k
n i
Aci i
Rei i
8.2

(sample
size)
1
20
20
2
20
40
3
20
60
1
4
20
80
5
20
100
6
20
120
7
20
140
1
5
5
2
5
10
3
5
15
2
4
5
20
5
5
25
6
5
30
7
5
35
*

/ /

(ACi)
(Rei )
*
0
1
2
2
2
3
*
*
0
0
1
1
2

2
3
3
4
4
4
4
2
2
2
3
3
3
3

210

n1
d1
d1

Ac1 d1 Re1

Ac1

d2 + d2 Ac2

i
dj
j 1
i
dj
j 1

Ack

d1

n2
d2

d2 + d2 Re2

Ac 2 d 1 d 2 Re 2

ni
di
Ac

i
d j Re
j 1

Re1

Ac k n2
d2

i
dj
j 1

Re j

i
dj
j 1

Re k

8.6
1
1 1000 20
2 20
20 2
20
1 2
3 20 3
20
1
1 2 4 20
3 20
2
3 5 20

211

4
20 2
3 20
4
20 2
3
20 4
20 3
4

(Operating Characteristic Curve of an Acceptance :OC.Curve)

( p ) 2
A B
A :

(Finite lot)
(Lot Quality :LQ)
B :

(Infinite lot)
(Poisson Approximate to
Binomial Distribution)

212

8.5.1

N
n

m n
C
n
p (fraction defective)

M
/
N
m
/
p
n
p a : (accept)

: (Reject)
( O.C Curve )
( p )
(N) (n)
(C)
pr

c
Pa =

2 1 n
p
M
N - M

M N M

m n m

Pa P(m c ) np
N m
cm 0 e (np
)
Pa P(m c)
m!
n
m0
c

N ( N )

n p ( p 0)

213

8.2 50 15

) (
2% 6%) 50
N = 50 n=15 C=0

2%
49 1
15

49 1

15 0
Pa
50

15

6%
47

47 3

15 0
Pa
50

15

15

0.700

0.3339

) (
2% 6%) 50

2% n =15 ,

p 0.02

np 15(0.02) 0.3

C=0
Pa = 0.741

6% n =15 , p 0.06
np 15(0.06) 0.9

C=0
Pa = 0.407

2% 6% 0.7000 0.3339

2% 6% 0.741 0.407

214

8.2 ( Pa )

0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10

c=0

n = 100
c=1

0.819
0.670
0.549
0.449
0.368
0.135
0.050
0.018
0.007
0.002
0.001
-

0.992
0.938
0.878
0.809
0.736
0.406
0.199
0.092
0.040
0.017
0.007
0.003
0.001
-

c=2

c=2
n = 50 n = 200

n = 500
c = 10

0.999
0.992
0.977
0.953
0.920
0.677
0.423
0.238
0.125
0.062
0.030
0.014
0.006
0.003

1.000
0.998
0.996
0.992
0.986
0.920
0.809
0.677
0.545
0.423
0.321
0.238
0.174
0.125

1.000
1.000
1.000
0.997
0.986
0.583
0.118
0.011
0.001
-

0.992
0.953
0.879
0.783
0.677
0.238
0.062
0.014
0.003
0.001
-

n / c
( Pa )
N , n, C p
8.11 8.14

215

8.11 N

100p

8.11 N 3 100p 2.2%

n C 100p
2.2%

8.12
8.12

c
n

c
n

4 100p 1.22%

100p
C

216

8.13 n C
8.13 N 4 n C
C C

C

8.14 C
8.14 n C=0

C = 0 n

217

8.5.2
Pj(i) j i
2
8.3 8.4
8.3 n1 =
5 C1 = 0 n 2 = 10 C 2 = 2 N = 50
( 100p ) 4 %

2
1 : 0 5
Pa1 P0(1)
5

48

Pa1

P0(1)

P1(1)

48 2

5 0
0.8082
50
5

48 2

4 1
0.0041
50

5

2 : 1 0 1 10
Pa P1(1) P0(2) P1(1) P1(2)
10

44

P0(2)

44 1
44 1


10 0
9 1

(2)

0.7778 P1 0.2222
45

45


10
10

218

Pa2 P1(1) P0(2) P1(1) P1(2) 0.00410.7778 0.00410.2222 0.0041

100 p = 4% 0.0041

8.5 n1 = 36 C1 = 0 n 2 = 59 C 2 = 3 N = 1000
( 100p ) 1% ()
4
1 : 0 36
2 : 1 0 1 2
3 : 2 0 1
4 : 3 0
1 : 0 36
M
N
M Np (1000)(0.01) 10
n1p (36)(0.01) 0.36
p

36

990

10

Pa1

P0(1) 0.705

1 ,2 3
p1(1)

0.246

p (1)
2

0.043

p 3(1)

0.006

2 : 1 0 1 2

59

p (2)
0

955

0.577

p1(2)

M 10 - 1 9
N 1000 - 36 964
M
9
p

N 964
9
n 2 p (59)(
) 0.55
964

0.317

p (2)
2

0.088

219

Pa2 P1(1) P0(2) P1(1) P1(2) P1(1) P2(2)

0.2460.577 0.2460.317 0.2460.088 0.2416

3 : 2 0 1
59

956

p (2)
0

0.607

p1(2)

0.303

M 10 - 2 8
N 1000 - 36 964
p

M
8

N 964

n 2 p (59)(

8
) 0.49
964

Pa3 P2(1) P0(2) P2(1) P1(2)

0.0430.607 0.0430.303 0.0391

4 : 3 0
59

957
p (2)
0

M 10 - 3 7
N 1000 - 36 964
M
7
p

N 964
7
np (59)(
) 0.43
964

7
0.638

Pa4 P3(1) P0(2) 0.006 0.638 0.0038 0.0038

100 P = 1% 1+ 2 + 3 + 4
Pa P (1)
0

(1) (2)
(1) (1)
P1(1) P (2)
0 P1 P1 P1 P 2

(2)
(1) (2)
P (1)
2 P 0 P 2 P1

(1) (2)
(1) (2)
Pa P0(1) (P1(1) P(2)
2 ) (P P1 ) (P3 P0 )

0.692 (0.250)(0.982) (0.046)(0.913) (0.006)(0.648) 0.990

P 3(1) P (2)
0

220

8.16
( p )

N = 1,000 n=36 c=0

N = 1,000
n1 = 36 n = 59
2
c1 = 0
c2 = 3

N = 1,000
n = 36
c =0

100p

8.16 N =1000, n1 =36, C1 =0, n 2 = 59 C 2 =3

8.5.3
Pj k j
k
Pai i
Pcon
Pri () i
2

8.6

221

8.6 8.2

8.3

A ci R ci

( Pcon )

Pai

( Pri )

1
2

20
20

2
3

P0 + P1

P
2

P0 0

P0 1 + P0 2 + P1 0 + P11

+ P12

20

P1 0

P11 + P2 0

+ P2 1

20

P2 0

P2 1

5
6
7

20
20
20

2
2
3

4
4
4

0
0

P3 0

P3 0

P3 0

0 3

12
2 2

3 1
3 1
3 1

100 = 2% n1 n 2 ... n 7 n = 0.4

1 : C1 , r1 2
1 = Pa1 0
( 2) = Pcon P0 P1
= 0.670 + 0.268 = 0.938
( P1 ) = P2 = 0.062
2 : C 2 0 , r2 3
2 = Pa 2 P0 0 = (0.67)(0.67) = 0.448
( 3) = P0 1 P0 2 P1 0 P11

222

1
1 2
= (0.67)(0.268)+(0.268)(0.67) = 0.359
P0 2 P11 2
1 2 = (0.67)(0.054)+(0.054)(0.67) = 0.108
( Pr2 ) = P0 2 P1 2
P0 1 P1 0

= (0.67)(0.008)+(0.268)(0.062) = 0.022

3 : C3 1 , r3 3
3= ( (Pa 3 ) P1 0 = (0.359)(0.67) = 0.241
4 = P11 P2 0
= (0.359)(0.268) + (0.108)(0.67) = 0.168
( Pr3 ) = P1 2 P2 1
= (0.359)(0.062)+(0.108)(0.330) = 0.058

4 : C 4 1 , r4 4
4 = (Pa 4 ) P2 0
= (0.168)(0.67) = 0.241
4 = P11 P2 0 = 0+ (0.168)(0.670) = 0.113
5 = P2 1
= (0.168)(0.268) = 0.045
( Pr4 ) = P2 2
= (0.168)(0.062) = 0.010
5 : C5 2 , r5 4
5 = (Pa 5 ) = 0
6 = P3 0 = 0.030
( Pr5 ) = P31 = (0.045)(0.330) = 0.015

6 : C6 2 , r6 4
6 = (Pa 6 ) = 0
7 = P3 0 = 0.020
( Pr6 ) = P31 = (0.030)(0.330) = 0.010
7 : C7 3 , r7 4
7 (Pa 7 ) P3 0
= (0.020)(0.670) = 0.013

223

= 01
( Pr7 ) = P31 = (0.02)(0.330) = 0.007

( 100p ) = 2%
(Pa ) Pa1 Pa 2 Pa 7
= 0 + 0.448 + 0.241 + 0.113 + 0 + 0 + 0.013 = 0.815
p

2
AQL
(Producer Risk: ) AQL
LQ
LQ 8.17
=

( P1' , 1 )

1-

( P2' , )

P'
P1'

P2'

8.17 (p 1' , 1 ) ( p '2 , )

8.17 p '2
1- p '2
1

AQL
MIL-STD-105E
LQ MILSTD ( LTPD(lot Tolerance percent defective))

224

n C
'
( p 2 , )
1. P1'
1 -

Pa (p1' )

X0

(p 1' , 1 )

np1'

e .(np1' )
X!

= 1-

2. P2'

Pa (p '2 )

X0

np '2

e .(np '2 )
X!

X n C

8.7 AQL = p 1' = 0.02

= 0.05 LQ = p '2 = 0.08 , = 0.05
1. p '2 / p 1' = 4
2. (1) (2) C = 0 p '2 / p 1'
C=0 Pa (0.02) = 0.95 n p 1' = 0.05 Pa (0.08) = 0.05 n p '2 = 3.0

p '2 / p 1' = 60
'
C=1 Pa (0.02) = 0.95 n p 1 = 0.35 Pa (0.08) = 0.05 n p '2 = 4.8

p '2 / p 1' = 13.7

..
.
C p '2 / p 1'
8.4
C
0
1
2
3
4
5
6

C p '2 / p 1'
n p 1'
n p '2
p '2 / p 1'
(1 - = .95)
( = 0.05)
0.05
3.00
60
0.35
4.80
13.70
0.80
6.30
7.90
1.36
7.80
5.73
1.97
9.17
4.65
2.60
10.5
4.04
3.30
11.9
3.61

225

C = 5 p '2 / p 1'
C = 5 n n p 1' n p '2
n p 1' n = 130 n = 130 C = 5

AOQ (Average Outgoing Quality)

(Screening
Inspection Detailing)
1)
2) 1)

AOQ
(
MIL-STD AQL )
8.6.1 AOQ
2
1 n N
(N n)Pa p
100%
N
n N N n 1
N

AOQ = (Pa p ) 100%

AOQ =
2

8.9 n = 100 C = 1 100 p = 0.3% AOQ

AOQ =

Nn

Pa p 100%
N

Pa P(c 1 / np 0.3)

= 0.963

Pa
=

963
1000

1000
963 37 37

226

(AOQ)

0.3

963

37
100
100%
AOQ

1000
1000

=
0.2889 %
AOQ =
AOQL

P =

AOQ

8.6.2 AOQ

AOQ 2
1 (N)
Pai i ; i= 1,2

I)

2
- - 2
= N n1
= N n1 n 2
-
-
( N n1 )Pai

(N n1 )Pa1 (N n1 n 2 )Pa 2

II)
= N
( p 0 )

AOQ

(N n 1 )P a 1 (N n 1 n 2 )P a 2
N

p 0
100

227

2 (n) (N)
N n1
N n1 n 2 1
N
N
AOQ (Pa1 Pa 2 )p 100

8.6.3 AOQ
AOQ
k
k

i
Pa1
i = 1, 2, , k
AOQ 2
1 (N) (n)
AOQ
k

( (N n c i ))Pa i p
i 1
100
N

AOQ

n ci n i
i 1

2 (n) (N)
AOQ
AOQ 100(Pa1 Pa 2 ... Pa k )p%

8.9 QA
n = 50 C = 0
(N) 10,000 QA

n N AOQ

228

8.5 AOQ

0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9

n =50 C = 0
AOQ
0.1720
0.2454
0.3113
0.3702
0.4226
0.4691
0.5101
0.5460
0.5772
0.6041
0.6270
0.6462
0.6621
0.6749
0.6849
0.6923
0.6973
0.7002
0.7011* AOQL
0.7002
0.6978
0.6938
0.6886
0.6822
0.6748
0.6664
0.6572
0.6472

AOQL = 0.7011 %

0.7
0.6
0.5

AOQ

100p

0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0

2
3
p (% ) Lot Fraction Defective ( p in % )

8.18 AOQ n = 50 C = 0

AOQ
100p = 2.0% AOQ = 0.7011%
AOQL 100p
AOQ
n=50 C = 0

AOQL 100p
AOQ n=50 C =
0 0.7%

0.4691%

229

4
1)
(Dodge and Romig) MIL-STD105(series D,E) (C-Zero) (Chain Sampling
Inspection) (Item by Item Sequential)
2)
(Continuous Sampling Plan)
3)
MIL-STD- 414 (ANSI/ASQCZ1.9)
4)

MIL-STD-105D
MIL-STD-105E
(C-ZERO)
C = 0

230

1)
1.1) N = 1000 n = 50 C = 1
1.2) N = 5000 n1 = 20 C1 = 0 n2 = 30 C2 = 1
2) N = 1000
n1 = 8 C 1 = r 1 = 3
n2 = 8 C 2 = r 2 = 3
n3 = 8 C 3 = 0 r 3 = 4
n4 = 8 C 4 = 0 r 4 = 5
n5 = 8 C 5 = 1 r 5 = 6
n6 = 8 C 6 = 1 r 6 = 6
n7 = 8 C 7 = 2 r 7 = 7

3) 0.2
1.1)
4) 0.2
1.2) )
5)
1 5000 (Quality
Assurance: Q.A)
5.1) n = 50 C = 1
0.01 0.25
5.2) n1 = 30 C1 = 0 n2 = 20 C2 = 1
0.01 0.20
6) N = 1000 n = 20 C = 1
0.2

231

7) N = 1000 n = 30 C = 1
0.3
8) 1000
n = 50 C = 1
0.2 AOQ
9) 8)

10) 5000
n1 = 20 C1 = 0 n2 = 30 C2 = 1
0.1 AOQ
11) 2)
1.0
11) 1 2
12) 3
1 n = 25 C = 0
2 n = 30 C = 1
2 n = 40 C = 2

0.2 3
13) 12) AOQ
0.2 3