ERP

o
o
o
o
o

BaaN
Peoplesoft
JD Edwards
ORCLE Financial Application
SAP

SAP
S Services
A Applications
P and Productions
(in data processing)
In English meaning

SAP

SAP ()

.. 1972 IBM 5
Systemanalyse and Programmentwicklung (System
Analysis and Program Development) Mannheim

.. 1997 Systems, Anwendungen, produkte in der

Datenverarbeitung (System, Applications, Product in Data
Procseeing) Walldorf
Asserts Accounting

.. 1998 Enterprisewide Solution SAP R/2

Mainframe
.. 1999 3 Tier client/Server
Unix SAP R/3

SAP Product

SAP Product (next)

SAP is not just SAP. The are a large number of SAP products (solutions), and it is rather confusing
and difficult to see the big SAP picture. But here are the main SAP products:
1.

SAP R/3: this is the SAP cornerstone, the real SAP if you like. R/3 has many different names,
for example: mySAP ERP, mySAP Business Suite, SAP all-in-one, SAP Enterprise. But it is all
SAP R/3 . To make it further complicated, these are also the so-called Industry Solutions (IS).
This is also SAP R/3, but slightly modified for a particular Industry, for example: Retail,
Public Sector. Finally, there is SAP-all-in one. This is also SAP R/3 but in a pre-customized
light version targeting small/medium sized companies.

2.

SAP CRM: This is SAPs customer relationship management solution. CRM is an add-on
product to SAP R/3, and it has its own user interface. CRM has some extra features which you
don't find in SAPs SD module (sales and distribution).

3.

SAP SRM: This is SAPs supplier releationship management solution. SRM is an add-on
product to SAP R/3, and it is browser based. SRM has some extra features which you don't
find in SAPs MM module (purchasing).

4.

SAP BW: This is SAPs Business Warehouse, or information warehouse solution.

BW is an add-on product to SAP R/3, and it is basically a relationship database.
BW has its own browser based user interface and it has some extra features
which you don't find in the standard SAP R/3 information systems.

5.

SAP APO: This is SAPs Advanced Planner and Optimizer solution. APO is an
add-on product to SAP R/3, and it is an advanced sales, transport, production
and purchasing planner. APO has some extra features which you don't find in
SAPs SD, MM and PP modules (sales, distribution, purchasing, inventory,
production). APO has its own user interface.
CRM, SRM, BW and APO are all fully integrated with SAP R/3, but they have
their own special user interface and technical platform.

SAP Product (next)

6.

SAP R/3

SAP NetWeaver: This is the technical platform that allows all the seperate SAP
products to be integrated.
NetWeaver also integrates non-SAP products, for example if you have a seperate
Warehouse or Production Planning system, and wants to have it integrated with
SAP.

7.

SAP Business One: This is SAPs solution for small companies. It is not SAP R/3,
in fact SAP Business One (SBO) is a completely different software, originally not
developed by SAP itself.

SAP R/3

Sales And Distribution (SD)

Sale Order
Material Management (MM)
Raw Material
Production Planning (PP)
Schedule
MRP

SAP R/3

Quality Management (QM)

Product
Plant Maintenance (PM)
Manage Resource
Human Resource (HR)

 SAP R/3

SAP R/3

Financial Account (FI)

Controlling (CO)

Asset Management (AM)
Fixed Asset
Project System (PS) Project
Project Module
FI

Workflow (WF) Flow

Workflow Auto E-Mail
Industry Solution (IS)
SAP R/3 Module
Industry Aerospace, Automotive, Banking, Chemicals,
Consumer Products, Engineering and Construction, Healthcare, Higher Education and
Research, High Tech, Insurance, Media, Mill Products, Oil and Gas, Pharmaceuticals,
Public Sector, Retail, Service Provider, Telecommunications, Transportation Utilities

ABAP

SAP

Advance Business Application Programming (ABAP)

4 Application
SAP R/3

Presentation Server
( SAPGUI )

Application Server
(R/3 Kernel)

Dispatcher

Queue

M
G

http://
www..sts.
http://www
sts.tutu-harburg.
harburg.de/
de/teaching/
teaching/sap_r3/
sap_r3/ABAP4/
ABAP4/abapindx.
abapindx.htm

Database Server

SID SAP R/3

Presentation Server
( SAPGUI )

Instance Name = DVEBMGSOO

D Dialog Work Process
V Update Work Process ( Update
Verbuchung)
Verbuchung)
E Enqueue Work Process
B Background Work Process
M Message Server
G Gateway Server
S Spool Work Process

Presentation Server
( SAPGUI )

Application Server
(R/3 Kernel)

Central Instance
( DVEBMGSOO )

Dialog Instance
( DOO )

Application Server
(R/3 Kernel)

Dispatcher

Database Server

Queue

Database Server

Instance Name
Dialog Work Process interactive
Background Work Process ABAP
Background ()
Spool Work Process
Spool Output SAP R/3 Spool OS

Enqueue Work Process Lock SAP

Update (V) Work Process Update
Asynchronous Update

SAP
Presentation Server

( SAPGUI )

( SAPGUI )

( SAPGUI )

SAP R/3 Instance

Application Server

Request Queue

Dispatcher

MS
GW

Database Server

 SAP

AGENDA
8

SAP
(.)
2549

SAP GFMIS
Implement SAP
SAP
SAP

 SAP

SAP
GFMIS

Enterprise Resource Planning System

ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning System)

1
SAP Enterprise Resource Planning System
(ERP)
(FI module)
(CO module)
(SD module)
(MM module)
(PP module)
(PM module)
(PS module)
Basis (Basis system)

SAP Solutions

Financial Controlling
Cost Controlling
Sales

Sales order

Initial
Contact

Customer
order

Inventory
Sourcing

Production
SOP

Procurement

Logistics Controlling

MPS

Purch.
req.

MRP

Vendor
selection

Delivery

Planned
order

Purch.
order

Invoicing

Customer
payment

Prod.
order

Prod.
control

Goods
issue

Vendor
Invoice
verificat. payment

Sales, Production, Purch., Warehouse Mgmt

 SAP

SAP R/3

Organizational Units

Business
Enterprise

Client

Financial Accounting/
Sales

Company Code

Sales Organization

Controlling Area

Cost Accounting

Plant

Production/ Distribution

Distribution
Channel

Plant

...
Storage
Location

Inventory Management

Storage
Location

Storage
Location

SAP AG 1999

GFMIS

GFMIS
(Government Fiscal Management Information System)

MIS
()
MIS - BW SEM

GFMIS

22 ..2546
SAP R/
R/3
2

(Operation System)
System)
/

1.

(Business Warehouse)
Warehouse)

Operating System SAP R/3 (GFMIS)

FM

PO

FI

CO

HR

RP
AP
CM
FA
GL

e-Payroll , e-Pension

AFMIS

2.

BIS
.
.

DPIS
DPIS
.
.

e-Procurement

(e-catalog,e-shopping list
e-Aucti
Auction)
on)

ASAP Methodology

Implement SAP

ASAP Roadmap
Continuous

Project
Preparation

Final
Preparation
Business
Blueprint

Realization

Improvement
Go Live &
Support

Methodology

SAP Implementation

ASAP Roadmap
Initial Project Planning
Project Procedures
Training
Project Kickoff
Technical Requirements
Quality Check

Project Management
Organizational Change Management
Training
Baseline Configuration and Confirmation
System Management
Final Configuration and Confirmation
Develop Programs, Interfaces etc.
Final Integration Test
Quality Check

Continuous

Project
Preparation
Business Realization
Blueprint

Source: SAP ASAP

Production Support
Project End

Project Management
Organizational Change Management
Training
Develop System Environment
Organizational Structure Definition
Business Process Analysis
Business Process Defintion
Quality Check

Improvement
Final
Preparation Go Live &
Support
Project Management
Training
System Management
Detailed Project Planning
Cutover
Quality Check

 SAP

(Management involvement not just commitment

commitment)
(Changes Management)

SAP

(Project Ownership)

(Post implementation management)

SAP

Implement
SAP

Business Process Controls

Application Security (Segregation Of Duties)
Program Interface
Conversion Control
Technology Infrastructure
End User Training
Master Data Maintenance
Project Management

SAP

Development

Quality
Assurance

Production

Sandbox
/

10

 SAP
(Manual / procedural controls)

(Inherent controls)
(Configuration

Inherent & Configurable Controls

Duplicate checks through

message control

Sequential documents thorugh

number ranges

Automatic integration and

postings

All transactions through unique

documents

History of transactions
executed by users retained
including date,
date, time and user

Logging and history of program

changes

controls)

(Logical access controls)

(Segregation of duties)

(Reporting Controls)

Configuration Controls

Inherent Controls

Edit Check

Data Entry Validations

Document Blocking
Tolerance Levels
Authorization Groups
Payment Blocking
Document Types
User defined Error / Warning
Messages
Automatic Posting with
predefined posting keys
Reason Codes
Predefined Master Data
SAP Workflow
Mandatory and/
and/or System
populated fields

SAP
Audit Business Cycles

SAP

SAP Module Functional Category

Financial Accounting
Treasury

Financial Applications
FI, CO, TR

Fixed Assets
Expenditure

Logistic Applications
MM, SD, PP

Revenue
Inventory Management

Human Resources
HR

Payroll and Personnel

11

 SAP

SAP (AIS)
Audit Information System (AIS)
SAP

SAP (Risk(Risk-based
Audit Approach)

SAP (Gaining an understanding)

(Identifying the significant risks)

(Inherent Control & Configuration Control)

Business Process Controls

Application Security
Program Interface
Master Data Maintenance

AIS
1. (System Audit)

(Determining key controls)

- System configuration
- System logs and status displays
- Development / customizing

Manual / Procedure Controls

Inherent Controls
Configuration Controls
Logical Access Controls
Reporting Controls

2. (Business
Audit)
- Organization overview
- Financial statement oriented audit
- ProcessProcess-originated audit

(Testing those controls to confirm their adequacy)

SAP
(AIS)
Audit ICQs SAP R/3
Audit Program SAP R/3
SAP
(Segregation
Of Duties) Virsa System

Recommended Web Links

http://
www..sapsecurity.
http://www
sapsecurity.net/
net/securitydocs.
securitydocs.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/
http://www.thaisap.com/sapfact.asp
http://help.sap.com/
http://sap.ittoolbox.com/
http://www.sap.info/
http://www.auditnet.org/sapaudit.htm
http://big4guy.com/
Security, Audit and Control Features SAP R/3 2nd Edition (Book)

12