GOOD

FOOD

BAG

PROGRAM

KellySingleterry,RachelRoberts,BrandiYanezRiddle,WillCadra,

Pg.2
Context
Pg.3
Objective
Pg.3
Methodology
Maps
Maps1:Participation(yes/no)insubsidizedfoodprogramsperZIPcodeinKing
County:
Map2:ScopeofsubsidizedfoodbagprogramsandfooddesertsinKingCounty
(numberofindividualsparticipatingperZIPcode):
Map3:Comparisonofincomerange,fooddeserts,subsidizedfoodbagdistribution
pointsandparticipantsinsubsidizedfoodprogramsinKingCounty:
Map4:Comparisonofraceandethnicity,fooddeserts,subsidizedfoodbag
distributionpointsandparticipantsinsubsidizedfoodbagprograms:
Map5:SubsidizedFoodBagProgram,FoodDesertsandHighwaysinKingCounty:
Pg.10
Analysis
Maps1&2:ScopeofSubsidizedFoodBagProgramsMap:
Map3:NumberofParticipantsofFoodBagProgramsoverIncomeandFoodDeserts
Map4:NumberofParticipantsofFoodBagProgramsoverRace/EthnicityandFood
Deserts
Map5:AreasofserviceandfooddesertsproximitytoI5
NetworkAnalysisofSubsidizedFoodBagPrograms
Pg.14
Recommendations:
Pg.17
Challenges
Pg.18
ConsiderationsandConclusion
Appendix2:DataTables
Appendix3:Layerscreatedforanalysis:

Context
Foodsecuritymeansaccessbyallpeopleatalltimestoenoughfoodforanactive,
healthylife.1Unfortunately,aroundtheglobe,andeveninourlocalcommunitiesaroundthe
UnitedStates,manypeopleareleftwithoutthebasicsustenancetolivealifethatsupportsthe
wellbeingofchildren,adults,families,andcommunitiesasawhole.

Theseproblemscontinuetosurfaceeveninourownbackyards.AccordingtoNorthwest
Harvestawellknownstatewidehungerreliefagency,1in5kidsinWashingtonStateliveina
householdthatstrugglestoputfoodonthetable.1in7WashingtoniansreliesonSNAP(food
stampsSupplementalNutritionAssistanceProgram),whilehalfofallpeopleonSNAParekids.
Inaddition,1in5Washingtoniansrelyontheirlocalfoodbanktoputamealonthetableevery
week.2
Incombatencetotheseissues,varyinggovernmental,nonprofit,andprivateorganizationsmake
ittheirmissiontohelpthepeoplemostinneed.

SeattleTilthisanotforprofitCSA(CommunitySupportedAgriculture)styleorganization
thathasbeenoperatingforalmost40yearsinthegreaterPugetSoundRegion.Theyhave
madeittheirmissiontoinspireandeducatepeopletosafeguardournaturalresourceswhile
buildinganequitableandsustainablelocalfoodsystem(SeattleTilthMission).
SeattleTilthsGoodFoodBagProgramisaninnovativeweeklyproducesubscription
thatfocusesonimprovingaccesstofreshproduceforfamiliesinSeattleandSouthKingCounty
withlimitedfinancialresourcesorinadequateaccesstofreshfood.Theyprovidebagsoffresh
fruitsandvegetablesgrownusingorganicpracticesforaveryaffordablepricetoitsrecipients.3
TheguidingprinciplesfortheGoodFoodBagPrograminclude,makinglocalorganicfood
accessibleandpromotingpublichealthwithinKingCounty.SeattleTilthisintentonsupporting
localfarmerswhopracticeenvironmentallyconsciousagriculture,whileencouragingthepublic
toeatseasonalproduce.Throughtheseprinciples,theabilitytofostercommunity
empowerment,engagement,anddevelopmentaresomeoftheirmaingoals.

FoodSecurityintheU.S.
<http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/foodnutritionassistance/foodsecurityintheus.aspx/>
2
"WAHungerFacts."<http://www.northwestharvest.org/>.
3
GoodFoodBags<http://www.seattletilth.org/about/goodfoodbags/>

Objective
Forthisproject,ourteamsobjectivewastocreateanorganizedanalysisofSeattle
TilthsGoodFoodBagProgramandofferacomprehensiveunderstandingofrecipient
perception,overallquality,scopeofprogramandfunctionalityoftheprogramtodate.Whilst
collectingdatafromrelatedCSAsintheKingCountyareatoproduceavisualrepresentationof
foodaccess,viasimilarprograms,inSeattle.

Methodology
Datawascollectedfromsevenimplementingorganizations:PikePlaceMarketFood
AccessProgram,WACan!,21Acres,RefugeeandimmigrantFamilyCenter,MealsonWheels,
OmSoulWellnessandSeattleTilth.Forthisproject,animplementingagencywasdefinedas
theorganizationoverseeingthedistributionofthesubsidizedfoodbagsatvariouslocations
throughoutthegreaterSeattleregion.Theimplementingorganizationsandtheircontact
informationwasprovidedbyEmmaShorr,theSeattleTilthGoodFoodAccessCoordinator.A
surveywasdesignedandemailedtoeachofthesevenorganizationsrequestinginformation
regardingthescopeoftheirsubsidizedfoodbagprograms.SeeAppendix1forsurvey
materials.

Organization:
DatawasprovidedinavarietyofdifferentformatsincludingWorddocuments,Excel
spreadsheets,andPDFs.ThedatawasthenorganizedandformattedinExcelmakingthe
informationcompatiblewiththeArcGIS4 software.Fromthedataprovidedbytheimplementing
agencies,twolayerswerecreated:AddressesandZipcodes.

Creation:
TocreatetheAddresslayer,thedataprovidedbytheimplementingorganizationwasimported
intoexcelandthenconvertedtolatitude(x)andlongitude(y)coordinatesusinganonline
converter.Thedata(Table1)wasloadedintoArcMapasatableandthenconvertedtopoints
usingtheDisplayXYDatafeature.ThepointswerethensavedasalayerinGIS.See
appendix3,map1foravisualrepresentationofthelayer.
TocreatetheZipcodeslayer,alistdisplayingthenumberofpeopleparticipatingin
subsidizedfoodbagprogramsperZIPcodewasprovidedbyeachoftheimplementing
agencies.ZIPcodewaschosenastheunitscaletoprotecttheprivacyofthoseparticipatingin
theprogram.

GISstandsforGeographicInformationSystems.Itisasoftwaredesignedtocompute,organizeandmanagespatial
data.

OutsideData:
Toassociateageometrywiththetables,aZIPcodeshapefilewasdownloadedfromKing
CountyGIS(KCGIS).WethenjoinedourZIPcodetables(Table2andTable3)foreach
implementingagencytotheKCGISZIPcodelayertocreatethefinalZIPcodelayer.Reference
appendix3,map2foravisualrepresentationofalayer.
ThefinallayerneededforouranalysiswastheFoodDesertlayer.Thisinformationwas
notavailableasalayeronline,however,theUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture(USDA)
hasalistofdesignatedfooddesertsbycensustract.FooddesertsaccordingtotheUSDAare
...eitherurbanareaslackingaccesstoasupermarketwithinonemile,orruralareaslacking
similaraccesswithin10miles.Withoutaconvenientandaffordablewaytobuyhealthyfood,
individualseitherspendhourstravelingorareforcedtofeedtheirfamiliessignificantlyless
nutritiousoptions,manyofwhichareoftenmoreexpensive.5TocreatetheFoodDesertlayer,
theKingCountycensustractswereidentifiedfromtheUSDAlistandloadedintoanexceltable
(Table4).ThetablewasthenjoinedtotheUSDAcensustractlayertogivethetablegeometry.
Seeappendix2,map3foravisualdisplayofthedata.
SupplementallayersforanalysisweredownloadedfromKCGIS.Theselayersinclude
ConsolidatedDemographics(2010),HighwaysandCityLimits.Toanalyzethescopeofthe
GoodFoodBagProgramandothersimilarsubsidizedfoodprograms,thelayerslistedabove
wereoverlaidwithoneanothertoproduceaseriesofmaps.Fourmapswereproducedinthe
analysis.Thefirsttwomapsdisplaythescopeofthesubsidizedfoodbagprograms,distribution
points,andfooddesertsinKingCounty.Thethirdandfourthmapsareacomparisonofincome
range,raceandethnicity,fooddeserts,subsidizedfoodbagdistributionpointsandparticipants
insubsidizedfoodprogramsinKingCountywhilethefifthmapdisplaysSubsidizedFoodBag
Program,FoodDesertsandHighwaysinKingCounty.

KingCountyResidentsDontHaveEqualAccesstoHealthyFood,
<http://www.communitiescount.org/index.php?page=farmdesertmap>.

Maps
Maps1:
Participation(yes/no)insubsidizedfoodprogramsperZIPcodein
KingCounty:

Map2:
ScopeofsubsidizedfoodbagprogramsandfooddesertsinKing
County(numberofindividualsparticipatingperZIPcode):

Note:
SeveralZIPcodesinthefirstmapareshownasparticipatinginsubsidizedfoodbagprogramsbutarenot
includedinthemapabove.ThisisbecauseinformationregardingthenumberofindividualsservedperZIPcodewas
notprovidedtousbytheimplementingagenciesservingthoseZIPcodes.

Map3:
Comparisonofincomerange,fooddeserts,subsidizedfoodbag
distributionpointsandparticipantsinsubsidizedfoodprogramsinKing
County:

Map4:
Comparisonofraceandethnicity,fooddeserts,subsidizedfood
bagdistributionpointsandparticipantsinsubsidizedfoodbagprograms:

Map5:
SubsidizedFoodBagProgram,FoodDesertsandHighwaysin
KingCounty:

10

Analysis
Analysisbeganafterindividualmapswerecreated.Themapsallowedustovisualizethe
breadthoftheprogramsandseethetypesofcomparisonsthatcouldbemade.Asareminder,
theGoodFoodBagProgramisdesignedtomeettheneedsoffamilieswhomaketoomuch
moneytogetpublicassistancebutnotenoughtoconsistentlyaffordhealthyfoodoptions.King
Countydefinesfoodaccessas,...theavailabilityofhealthy,affordable,culturallyacceptable
foodtoresidentsofallcommunities.

Maps1&2:ScopeofSubsidizedFoodBagProgramsMap:
Thefirstandsecondmapsshowthedistributionpoints(wherefoodbagsarepickedup)
andtheZIPcodeswherethepeoplewhopurchasefromthatdistributionpointlivewithsections
ofKingCountythatareconsideredfooddeserts,forcomparison.Amanualinputofdistribution
pointsandthemostprominentlyservedZIPcodes(orinsomecases,allZIPcodesserved)was
lookedattofindageneralrangeofdistancestheseZIPcodesarewillingtogotoadistribution
point.

1. SeattleTilth
hasatotalof10distributioncentersandhadthehighestnumberof
residentsservedintheMadronaneighborhoodofSeattleandFederalWayforits
Auburndistributionpoints.Theremainderofbagsareservedtohouseholdsin
SouthSeattleneighborhoodssuchasMt.BakerandLeschi.
2. 21Acres
hasasingulardistributionpointthatserves13ZIPcodesinthe
surroundingarea,ThefarthestZIPcodeservedisapparently93milesaway,on
ShawIsland.Thisservedtoremindusthatsomeofthedatacouldcollected
couldbeflawed.Iftheoutliersareremoved(20plusmiles),therangeisfrom2to
15miles,withanaverageof7miles.
3. PikePlaceMarket
has6distributionpointsbutserves4ZIPcodes,mostlywithin
thedowntownandcentralSeattlearea.Theaveragedistanceis2miles
(rounded).
4. MealsOnWheels
hadthemostvariedandextendedserviceareabutstayed
withinanaverageof9miles(roundedtowhole).Therangewasfrom.3milesto
20miles.
5. WashingtonCAN!
provideddistributionpointdatabutdidnothavedataon
wherehouseholdstheyservicedwerelocated.Itcouldbethatagapwebelieve
exists,actuallymightnot.Inwhichcase,itcouldjustneedtobestrengthened.
OTHERS:
6. RefugeeandimmigrantFamilyCenter
hasonedistributionpointservingthe4
ZIPcodes.TheareatheyserveareintheWhiteCenter,WestSeattle,and
Burienneighborhoods.Nodatawasprovidedaboutthenumberofpeoplethey
serveperZIPcode.Pleasenotethatasidefromthefirstmap,thisorganization

11

wasnotincludedinthemapanalysesbutshouldstillbegivenconsideration
whenevaluatingtheoverallimpactofsubsidizedfoodprograms.
7. OmSoulWellness
serves6zipcodes.Theareathisorganizationserves
includestheMadrona,WhiteCenter,RainierBeach,Mt.BakerandGeorgetown
neighborhoods.Nodistributionlocationwasprovidedbytheorganizationandwe
wereunabletofindanyrecentinformationontheorganizationontheinternet.No
datawasprovidedaboutthenumberofpeopletheyserveperZIPcode.Please
notethatasidefromthefirstmap,thisorganizationwasnotincludedinthemap
analysesbutshouldstillbegivenconsiderationwhenevaluatingtheoverall
impactofsubsidizedfoodprograms.

Map3:NumberofParticipantsofFoodBagProgramsover
IncomeandFoodDeserts
Thethirdmapcreatedtakesthefirstmapsvariablesandaddsalayerthatvisualizesthe
numberofparticipantsthatareservedbydotdensity.ThatwasthenoverlaidwithKingCountys
incomedata.Theresultingimageshowedthatthemajorityofhouseholdsservedareinnorth
Kingcounty.Despitethis,therearestillsomelargegapsincoverage.
Themostprominentareasofneed,basedonincome,areareasofNorthSeattlearound
theOlympicHillsneighborhoodandBitterLake.Yettheclosestdistributionpointisinthenorth
endoftheUniversityDistrict.Forsuburbanareas,thedistributionpointlocationisleastlikelyto
matter.IncalculatingdistancesbetweendistributionpointsandZIPcodesserved,itwasfound
thatsomepeopleliveveryfarfromthepointsoftheprogramtheygetafoodbagfrom.The
largestdistancebeing30miles,withanoutlierof90miles.Thiscouldmeanthatpeoplelikely
worknearbyandpickuponthewayhome,asopposedtotravelingdirectlyfromhometopick
foodup.BasedonthesmallsampleofrespondenttoSeattleTilthssurveyabouthowtheydlike
toreceivetheirbag,asignificantnumberofpeoplewhoprefertopickuptheirproduce,would
dosoifitwereneartheirplaceofwork.Themajoritywouldpreferadelivery.Buttherearea
numberoffactorsthatcouldinfluencethisforwhichtherewasnodatafor.
Perhapsadditionaldistributionpointswithin3milesoftheselocationscouldhelpto
increaseaccessintheimmediatearea.Datathatasksthedistrict/neighborhoodinwhicha
participant'sworks(toassuageprivacyconcerns)mightbeusefultodeterminewheretobetter
placeexistingdistributionpoints.
Now,theareaofmostconcernisthesouthofSeattle.ThisisthesectionofKingcounty
thatcontainsfooddeserts.DirectlyoneithersideoftheI5corridorislargesectionsofSouth
SeattleandKingcountysuburbsthatmakelessthan$50,000inannualincome.Intheselow
incomeZIPcodes,thereislittletonoparticipationinGoodFoodbagstyleprograms.
Withoutmoredata,itwouldbeimprudenttodrawspecificconclusionsaboutcertain
peopleorplaces.Thelargegapinparticipationforpeopleintheseincomebracketscouldbe
duetoculturaloreducational/outreachfactors.

12

Map4:NumberofParticipantsofFoodBagProgramsover
Race/EthnicityandFoodDeserts
Similartotheincomemap,thismapsymbolizedRaceandEthnicity(RE),butusedthe
categoryofpeoplewhoidentifyasnonwhite.Itwashypothesizedthatareasofracialand
ethnicdiversitywouldnothavenearthesamelevelsofparticipationandaccessasthosethat
werepredominantlywhite.
Visually,thatwasexactlywhatthemapallowedthegrouptoconclude.Withthe
exceptionofSouthSeattle,thesuburbanareasofKingcountyareseverelylackinginaccessto
programssimilartotheGoodFoodBagprogram.FromtheMadronaneighborhooddownto
KentisalargeswathofZIPcodesthatare50%to90%nonwhite.IntheSouthSeattle
neighborhoodsofColumbiaCityandRainierBeachtherearesomeparticipantsbutthenumber
servedisnotneartheamountastheamountofparticipantsinNorthSeattle.Furthersouth,in
Tukwila,Renton,SeatacandKentareZIPcodeswithfewtozeroparticipants.Ifcombinedwith
theincomelayer,mostoftheoverlapwouldoccurinethnicandraciallydiverseZIPcodesas
well.
SomeoftheseREdiverseZIPcodesthatdonothaveparticipantsareneardistribution
points.IfmostrespondentstoTilthssurveysaidtheywouldprefertohavefooddeliveredorbe
pickedupnearplacestheywork,thensomeassumptionscouldbemadethat:

Thepeoplewhomightparticipateinafoodbagprogramdonotworkortravelnear
existingdistributionpointsoften.
Peopleoflowerincomesmayliveandworkintheirneighborhoodsorcities.
Theyarenotawareoftheprogram.
Theremaybealanguagebarrier.
Theremaybesomeotherculturalbarrier:
dissimilardiet,
culturalperception,and/or
religiousneeds.

Moredetailedinformationonculturalandethnicpopulationsintheseareasisneededto
determinebestpracticesandmethodsforengagingpeopleandpotentialparticipants.

13

Map5:AreasofserviceandfooddesertsproximitytoI5
Itwasdecidedthatasimplisticwayofframingtheneedforaccesswouldbetodescribe
itasworkthatcouldbedonealongtheI5corridor.Thisimmediatelygivespeoplefamiliarwith
thearea,theabilitytovisualizethecitiesandneighborhoodsthatarebeingdiscussed.Themap
isanamalgamationoffooddeserts,foodbagdistributionpoints,adotdensityrepresentationof
peopleservedandthehighwaysystem.
AquickglanceatthenorthernhalfofKingcountyshowswhatappearstobean
abundanceofaccessandparticipationinfoodbagprogramsinadiversityofZIPcodes.The
furthersouthalongI5,itiseasytoseeatrendofthinningusage,untilthereishardlyasingle
dotpastRainierBeachuntilyouseethecityofFederalWay.Thatsanalmost20milestretchof
unequalaccesstofoodbagservices.

NetworkAnalysisofSubsidizedFoodBagPrograms
Asforthenetworkanalysis,therewastroublegettingArcMaptorecognizeourmanually
createdlayersandshapefiles.Fromthere,itwasdecidedtoseeifitwaspossibletodoamore
basicanalysisusingbuffersandintersections,however,thisprovedtobetoosimplistic.
Nevertheless,thefollowingisanoutlineofwhattheplanforserviceareaanalysiswouldbe:
1. Takethedistributionpointsandfindtheaveragedistanceahouseholdina
particularzipcodeisfromthedistributionpointtheyreceivefrom
2. Overlaytheresultingservicerangeswithourvariables(fooddeserts,income,
REetc.)toseewherethemostsignificantgapsexists.
AsaresultofArcMapnotbeingabletoprocessourlayers,thisanalysiswasperformed
manuallyusinggooglemaps.Therewerethreeaveragedistancesthatinformedourbest
recommendations(nearestwholenumberwasused).Itwasdeterminedthattheideaofwhat
couldbeconsideredbest,intermsofplacementoffuturedistributionpoints,wouldhavetobe
withinareaswhere:
Householdincomeisbetween$5000and$50,000(basedon2010censusdata),
Ifzipcodecontainsaruralpopulation,itsperimetermustbewithin
10
milesofanasset
suchas:
communitycenter,or
daycareorpublicprimaryschool.
Ruraldistributionpointsshouldalsobewithin2milesofthecentroidofaZIPcode(or
evencity).

14

Ifzipcodecontainsasuburbanpopulation,itsperimetermustbewithin3to5milesofan
assetsuchas:
communitycenter,or
daycareorpublicprimaryschool
IfZIPcodeisanurbanpopulation,itsperimetershouldbewithin1mile,orless,ofan
assetsuchasa:

communitycenter,or
daycareorpublicprimaryschool.

Forthepurposesofinclusionandequity,
bestplacementfordistributionpointswould
havetocontainallofthepreviousvariablesPLUS:
containafooddesert
beinaZIPcodewithahighpercentageofracialandethnicdiversity

Recommendations:
BestDistributionPoints:
Themostcriticalareaswouldmeetall3qualifiersplussuburbanorruralclassification.Without
theabilitytovisualizetheseresults,wecanstillseethatthegeneralareawherenew
partnershipsshouldbeformedin.Thesewouldbe(inorderofcriticalneed):

1. Renton
a. Majorfooddeserts
b. Nodistributionlocationsbutdistributionpointsinneighboringareas.
c. Fewparticipants
d. Mixedincome(perhapstheirincomeisnotlowenoughtoqualifyforfoodstamps
butistoolowtoregularlybuyhealthyandfreshproduce?)
2. Tukwila
a. Nearafooddeserts
b. Raciallydiverse
c. Lowincome
d. Fewparticipants
e. Nodistributionlocationsbutdistributionpointsinneighboringareas.
3. WhiteCenter
a. Fooddesert
b. Lowincome
c. Raciallydiverse
d. Noparticipants

15

e. ServedbyRefugeeandImmigrantFamilyCenterandSouthwestEarlyLearning
BilingualPreschoolandOmSoulWellnessmoreinformationrequired.
4. Seatac
a. Fooddesert
b. Lowincome
c. Raciallydiverse
d. Noparticipants
e. Nodistributionlocationsbutdistributionpointsinneighboringareas.
5. Auburn
a. Lowincome
b. Fooddesertjustnorthofcity
c. Threedistributionpoints
d. Fewparticipants
e. Note:Auburnispuzzlingbecauseitcontains3WashingtonCAN!distribution
pointsbutmostoftheZIPcodesitservesarewith5to10mileranges.
WashingtonCAN!wasnotabletoprovideZIPcodesdataofparticipants.
6. Kent
a. Lowincome
b. Raciallydiverse
c. Fewparticipants
d. NodistributionlocationsbuttherearethreedistributionpointsinAuburn.

RobustData:

WewouldsuggestgettingconfidentialityagreementsforaGISteamtoaccessmore
exactdata,ifyourcustomersarewilling,inordertobuildamoreaccuratenetworkanalysis.This
analysiswouldshowamorepreciseandcomprehensivelookateachdistributioncentersrange
andservicearea.Fromthereyoucouldextrapolatepatternsinuse,pickup,andbehavior
(distanceswillingtotravel,mostlikelyorusedroutesortransitpointsetc.).

Dialogue:
AlargepartofwhatwererecommendingbeforeTilthproceedswithexpansioninto
SouthKingcountyneighborhoodsandcities,istofurtherbuildcommunityrelationships.Not
necessarilywithotherfoodaccessagencies.Wefeelthatreachingouttotheleadershipin
ethniccommunitiesisagreatplacetostartbuildingarapportandbasisforunderstandingthe
needsofpeopletheprogrammaybemissing.Judgingbythedistancesweseethatpeopleare
livingfromthedistributionpoints,distancemaynotalwaysbetheproblem.IntheSouthSeattle
neighborhoodsofRainierBeachandColumbiaCity,servicemaynotbeasrobust,butitexists.
Yet,assoonasyougopastRainierBeach,thenumberofparticipantsinthese
programs,apparently,hits0,eventhoughtheymaybewithintherangesthatwecalculated.
Pleasenotethisdoesnotfactorinmissingorincompletedata.Werecommendtoavoid
engagementmethodsthatareconsulting.Itwouldbebesttosetouttobuildagenuine
conversationandaimtomaintainacontinuousrelationship.

16

PotentialResources:
Werecommendgettingintouchwiththefollowingorganizations,ifyouhavenotalready,
inordertostayontopofopportunitiesforprojectpolicies,models,otherideasorfunding.

ThePuyallupWatershedInitiative
Just&HealthyFoodSystemCommunityofInterest
Pleasenote,thatfinancialassistancemaybeavailableiftheproposedworkorprojects
iswithinthegeographicboundariesoftheactualPuyallupWatershed.

PugetSoundRegionalCouncilFoodAccessSubcommittee
Thisgroupiscurrentlyworkingonalistofprojectsthatwillresearchtherelationships
betweencertainprogramsandpoliciestofoodaccessinthefourcounties.Theyarealso
currentlyinformingtheWashingtonStateFoodSystemRoundtableDraftProspectusforthe
RegionalFoodPolicyCouncil.

Challenges
Therewereanumberofchallengesthataroseduringthemapanalysisprocessthat
leaveroomforfurtherinquiry.Thefirstchallengewasthelackofrobustdata.Someindepth
surveydatawasprovidedbySeattleTilthpriortothestartoftheprojectbutthesamplewasso

17

smallincomparisontotherestofthedatathatwasutilized,itdidnotseemprudenttofully
utilizeitexcepttomakeacoupleofbroadsuggestions.
Themajordatapointintheprojectwerecollectedfromsevenimplementingagenciesin
KingCounty,noteveryimplementingagencyprovidedthenumberofparticipantsinvolvedin
theirprogramperZIPcode.Insomecases,justtheZIPcodesservedwereprovided(see
appendix2,Table2).Someagenciesdidnotcollectthisinformationsoinfutureanalyses,it
maybebeneficialtoworkwiththeimplementingagenciestoseewhatkindofinformationthey
collectontheirparticipants.Thiswasachallengeintermsofmappingthescopeoftheprogram
foragencieswithoutthatinformationasitonlyallowedustodeterminewhetheraZIPcodewas
served,insteadofthelevelofservice.Thelackofrobustdatacouldhavealsobeenbecause
subsidizedfoodbagprogramsdonthaveamajorpresenceinKingCounty.Itwouldbe
interestingtolookathowmanyagenciesandprogramswereincludedinthisanalysisin
comparisontoallagenciesandprogramsoperationinKingCounty.
Thesecondchallengethataroseregardingthedatawasthelackofpersonaldataabout
therecipients.Thisoccurredbecauseofhowtheoriginalscopeoftheprojectwasdefined.
Originally,theprojectwasdesignedtoanalyzethescopeofsubsidizedfoodbagprogramsin
KingCounty,butastheanalysisbecamemorecomplex(factorssuchasincomeand
race/ethnicitywereconsidered),werealizeditwouldhavebeenbeneficialtohavehad
informationregardingthemodesoftransportationthatrecipientsusetopickuptheirbagsatthe
variousdistributionlocations.Thisisbecausesomeparticipantsmaygotoadistributioncenter
neartotheirworkratherorontheirbuslineratherthanonethatisonlyclosetotheirhouse.
Althoughlookingatrace/ethnicityandincomeinrelationtoparticipationandthelocationsofthe
distributioncentersprovidedbeneficialinsightintothescopeofsubsidizedfoodbagprogramsin
KingCounty,therewasstillimportantinformationandvariablesmissingfromtheanalysisthat
mayhavealargeimpactontheprogram.
Thisrepresentsanareaoffurtherinquiryasgatheringslightlymorepersonaldataabout
theparticipantssuchasmodeoftransportation,transportationaccessibility,placeof
employment(address)andfulladdressoftheparticipants.Thiswouldallowforamorerobust
analysesandbeidealofdeterminingthebestmoreaccuraterecommendationsespeciallyfor
futuredistributionsites.Becausethedatawouldbehighlysensitiveandpersonal,itwouldbe
recommendedthatthedata,maps,andinformationbeusedforinternalpurposesonlyandhave
thoseutilizingitsignconfidentialityagreements.
Thefinalchallengeencounteredduringtheanalysiswastheinabilitytocreateanetwork
analysisinArcGISbecauseArcMapfailedtorecognizeourmanuallycreatedlayers.Ifgiven
moretimetoworkonthisproject,wemayhavebeenabletotroubleshoottheissuebutsince
wewereshortontime,theanalysiswasperformedmanuallyusinggooglemapsanda
calculator.Anetworkanalysiswouldhaveallowedustoextrapolatedatabasedonthequalities
ofthecurrentbestdistributionsitesmakingthistypeofanalysisusefulfordeterminingwhata
bestfuturesitemaybe.WerecommendperforminganetworkanalysisinArcMapsothatthe
resultsfromthisstudy(manualanalysisusinggooglemaps)canbeverifiedforaccuracy.

18

ConsiderationsandConclusion
Itisimportanttorememberthatworkingwithorattemptingtoserveethnicallyand
raciallydiversepeoplecanpresentchallengestosocialprograms.Simplyplacinganew
distributionpointinthemiddleofadaycareparkinglotdoesnotmeanthatitwillbeutilized.The
areasrecommendedwillneedtobecarefullyreviewedinordertoseewhatculturalandsocial
needsneedtobeengagedwhenreachingouttonewparticipants.
Perhaps,acommunitymemberwhoisarecentimmigrantdoesnotknowwhattodowith
abagoffoodcontainingproducethatisnotapartoftheirethnicdiet.Therearealsopeoplein
manyculturesthatmayfeelthataCSAorfarmer'smarketstylefoodvendorisaproductof
whiteculture,andthus,wouldnotfeelcomfortableengaginginthissetting.Thisisall
speculative,butstillshowcasesthattheremaybeneedsthatarentdependentonanyofthe
factorsoutlinedinthisreport,suchasdistanceorincome.Abettermethodofdiscoveringthe
underlyingissuesinourfoodsystemmaybetoengagetheleadershipofminoritycommunities
orengageindirectdialoguewiththesecommunitiestoseewhatattitudesaffecttheiruseof
westernfoodservices.

Appendices
Appendix1:EmailSurveyMaterials:
Surveytemplatethatwassentoutthroughemailto
participatingCSAspertainingtoourresearch.

19

GOOD

FOOD

BAG
SURVEY

AgencyName:

AgencyAddress:

Nameofsupportingimplementationagency:

Years/seasonsactive:

Planoncontinuingin2016?

Numberoffamiliesserved
(totalforthatsite):

Numberofbagsdistributed
(totalforthatsitetodate,ifavailable.Totalsbrokendownbyyearsif
ongoing):

Valueandcostofbags
(e.g.$10valuesoldfor$5):

Typesofpaymentaccepted(EBTorno?):

AddressesofrecipientsornumberofrecipientsservedperZIPcodetodate?:
Ifprefered,responsestothisquestionmaybeuploadedinaseparateworddocumentorexcelfile.
*Inordertomaintainconfidentiality,pleaseomitnamesassociatedwitheachoftheaddresses.*

Appendix2:DataTables

Table1:AddressesTable:

20

IMPLEMENTATION_
AGENCY

ADDRESS

CITY

SeattleTilth

16522ndAve

Seattle

9812
2

WA

47.60322

122.304027

SeattleTilth

8302Renton
AveS

Seattle

9811
8

WA

47.528997

122.277708

SeattleTilth

8303Renton
AveS

Seattle

9811
8

WA

47.529094

122.278481

SeattleTilth

970960thAve
S

Seattle

9811
8

WA

47.514706

122.258828

SeattleTilth

5801SPilgrim
St.

Seattle

9811
8

WA

47.5152

122.260801

SeattleTilth

3701S
KenyonSt.

Seattle

9811
8

WA

47.530511

122.284889

SeattleTilth

4655SHolly
St

Seattle

9811
8

WA

47.54226

122.273062

SeattleTilth

7700Rainier
AveS

Seattle

9811
8

WA

47.533548

122.269944

SeattleTilth

9061Seward
ParkAveS

Seattle

9811
8

WA

47.521722

122.26543

SeattleTilth

61112thAve
S#200

Seattle

9811
8

WA

47.597147

122.317952

PikePlaceMarket
FoodAccessProgram

12176thAve

Seattle

9810
1

WA

47.608664

122.332644

PikePlaceMarket
FoodAccessProgram

13532ndAve

Seattle

9812
2

WA

47.602091

122.291927

PikePlaceMarket
FoodAccessProgram

700Dearborn
PlS

Seattle

9814
4

WA

47.595937

122.312176

PikePlaceMarket
FoodAccessProgram

1501PikePl
#222

Seattle

9810
1

WA

47.608394

122.341403

PikePlaceMarket
FoodAccessProgram

Seattle

WA

PikePlaceMarket
FoodAccessProgram

77S
WashingtonSt

Seattle

9810
4

WA

47.600709

122.335248

WashingtonCAN!

23ASt.SW

Auburn

9800
1

WA

47.307195

122.231026

WashingtonCAN!

8089thStSE

Auburn

9800
2

WA

47.299736

122.217952

WashingtonCAN!

901Auburn
WayN

Auburn

9800
2

WA

47.316248

122.223647

ZIP

STATE

21

21Acres

13701NE
171stSt

Woodinvill
e

9807
2

WA

47.750239
7

122.156987
5

Refugee&Immigrant
FamilyCenter&SW
EarlyLearning
BilingualPreschool

5405Delridge
WaySW

Seattle

9810
6

WA

47.667688

122.304051
7

MealsonWheels

22082ndAve

Seattle

9812
1

WA

47.667693

122.304143

MealsonWheels
Kitsap

2817Wheaton
Way#208

Bremerton

9831
0

WA

47.589066
9

122.630723
3

unknown

unknown

OmSoulWellness

unknown

Table2:TotalsPerAgency:
A. PikePlaceFoodAccessProgram
#ofIndividuals
Served/ZIPcode

IMPLEMENTATION_AGENCY

ZIPCODE

PikePlaceMarketFoodAccess
Program

98101

44

PikePlaceMarketFoodAccess
Program

98122

31

PikePlaceMarketFoodAccess
Program

93144

86

PikePlaceMarketFoodAccess
Program

98109

B.SeattleTilth
IMPLEMENTATION_AGENCY

ZIPCODE

#ofIndividuals
Served/ZIPcode

SeattleTilth

98144

SeattleTilth

98122

11

SeattleTilth

98118

41

SeattleTilth

98065

SeattleTilth

98507

SeattleTilth

98125

SeattleTilth

98021

SeattleTilth

98030

SeattleTilth

98092

22

SeattleTilth

98178

SeattleTilth

98148

SeattleTilth

98026

SeattleTilth

98032

C.21Acres
IMPLEMENTATION_AGENCY

ZIPCODE

#ofIndividuals
Served/ZIPcode

21Acres

98028

21Acres

98077

21Acres

98072

21Acres

98011

21Acres

98012

21Acres

98075

21Acres

98125

21Acres

98050

21Acres

98101

21Acres

98034

21Acres

98286

21Acres

98019

21Acres

98033

D.MealsonWheels
IMPLEMENTATION_AGENCY

ZIPCODE

#ofIndividuals
Served/ZIPcode

MealsonWheels

98001

MealsonWheels

98003

48

MealsonWheels

98023

23

MealsonWheels

98101

33

MealsonWheels

98102

25

MealsonWheels

98103

31

23

MealsonWheels

98104

111

MealsonWheels

98105

55

MealsonWheels

98107

27

MealsonWheels

98108

54

MealsonWheels

98109

24

MealsonWheels

98112

22

MealsonWheels

98115

69

MealsonWheels

98117

19

MealsonWheels

98118

133

MealsonWheels

98121

78

MealsonWheels

98122

78

MealsonWheels

98125

57

MealsonWheels

98133

91

MealsonWheels

98144

66

MealsonWheels

98177

MealsonWheels

98178

18

MealsonWheels

98199

E.OmSoulWellness
IMPLEMENTATION_AGENCY

ZIPCODE

#ofIndividuals
Served/ZIPcode

OmSoulWellness

98118

unknown

OmSoulWellness

98108

unknown

OmSoulWellness

98144

unknown

OmSoulWellness

98178

unknown

OmSoulWellness

98146

unknown

OmSoulWellness

98122

unknown

F
.RefugeeandImmigrantFamilyCenter&SouthwestEarlyLearningBilingualPreschool
IMPLEMENTATION_AGENCY

ZIPCODE

#ofIndividuals
Served/ZIPcode

24

RefugeeandImmigrantFamilyCenter&SouthwestEarly
LearningBilingualPreschool

98106

unknown

RefugeeandImmigrantFamilyCenter&SouthwestEarly
LearningBilingualPreschool

98126

unknown

RefugeeandImmigrantFamilyCenter&SouthwestEarly
LearningBilingualPreschool

98146

unknown

RefugeeandImmigrantFamilyCenter&SouthwestEarly
LearningBilingualPreschool

98168

unknown

Table3:TotalsOverall:
ZIPCODE

#ofIndividuals
Served/ZIPcode

98101

78

98122

142

93144

89

98109

36

98118

174

98065

98507

98125

59

98021

98030

98092

98178

23

98148

98026

98032

98028

98077

98072

98011

98012

98075

98050

98034

98286

98033

98001

98003

48

98023

23

98102

25

25

98103

31

98104

111

98105

55

98107

27

98108

54

98115

69

98117

19

98121

78

98133

91

98144

66

98177

Table4:UnitedStatesDepartmentofAgricultureFoodDeserts

STATE

COUNTY

STATECODE

COUNTYCODE

CENSUSTRACT

WA

King

53

033

010700

WA

King

53

033

011200

WA

King

53

033

011300

WA

King

53

033

025300

WA

King

53

033

025400

WA

King

53

033

025701

WA

King

53

033

026002

WA

King

53

033

026300

WA

King

53

033

027300

WA

King

53

033

027600

WA

King

53

033

027900

WA

King

53

033

028403

WA

King

53

033

028802

26

WA

King

53

033

028902

WA

King

53

033

029003

WA

King

53

033

030503

WA

King

53

033

030902

27

Appendix3:Layerscreatedforanalysis:

Map1:AddressesLayer:SubsidizedFoodBagProgramDistributionLocations:

28

Map2:ZIPcodesLayer:Thenumberofindividualsparticipatinginsubsidizedfoodbag
programsperZIPcode.

29

Map3:FoodDessertLayer:FooddesertsasdeterminedbytheUSDA.

30

WorksCited:

FoodSecurityintheU.S.
<
http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/foodnutritionassistance/foodsecurityintheus.aspx/
>.

KingCountyGISPortal
http://www5.kingcounty.gov/gisdataportal/

GoodFoodBags.<
http://www.seattletilth.org/about/goodfoodbags/
>.

KingCountyResidentsDontHaveEqualAccesstoHealthyFood,
<http://www.communitiescount.org/index.php?page=farmdesertmap>.

"WAHungerFacts."<
http://www.northwestharvest.org/
>.