Professional Documents
Culture Documents
D E PA RT M E N T O F
LABOUR
TA R I
M A H I
SU
T E
IS
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
& H E A LT H S E R V I C E
ED
BY A
N
T D
O HE AP
F
JU LA MIN PRO
NE BO IS V
19 UR TER ED
93
PREVENTION OF
SULPHUR FIRES
AND EXPLOSIONS
Contents
Notice of Issue
Foreword
Hazard Management
1. Introduction
11
2. Interpretation
3. Definitions
12
13
4. Dust Explosions
14
4.1
14
4.2
4.3
4.4
14
14
15
Explosion Risk
5.2
Incompatible Chemicals
5.3
Static Electricity
5.4
Other Hazards
16
16
16
16
16
General
17
6.2
Minimisation of Dust
6.3
Construction of Buildings
6.4
Fire Control
6.5
6.6
17
18
18
21
19
6.7
6.8
Inerting
6.9
23
24
24
Intake Store
25
7.2
7.3
Sieving
7.4
Hoppers
7.5
Restricted Access
7.6
26
26
27
27
8. LIQUID SULPHUR
27
29
8.1
General
29
8.2
Explosion Risks
8.3
Fire Control
8.4
8.5
8.6
Electrical Equipment
29
30
30
30
31
32
9.1
Background
32
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
33
34
General
35
10.2
Health Hazards
10.3
Solid Sulphur
10.4
Liquid Sulphur
10.5
Training
35
35
36
36
38
First Aid
38
40
39
37
33
33
NOTICE OF ISSUE
I have issued this Approved Code of Practice for the Prevention of Sulphur Fires
and Explosions, being a statement of preferred work practices or arrangements,
for the purpose of ensuring the health and safety of persons to which this
code applies and persons who may be affected by the activities covered by the
code.
C. J. McKenzie
Secretary of Labour
June 1993
FOREWORD
I have approved this statement of preferred work practices, which is an
approved code of practice for the prevention of sulphur fires and explosions
under section 20 of the Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992.
When a code is approved a court may have regard to it in relation to
compliance with the relevant sections of the Health and Safety in Employment
Act. This means that if an employer in an industry, or using a process to
which an approved code applies, can show compliance with that code in all
matters it covers, a court may consider this to be compliance with the
provisions of the Act to which the code relates.
A SUMMARY OF THE
HEALTH AND SAFETY IN
EMPLOYMENT ACT 1992
The principal object of the Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992 is to
prevent harm to employees at work. To do this it imposes duties on, and
promotes excellent health and safety management by, employers. It also
provides for the making of regulations and codes of practice.
APPROVED CODES
OF PRACTICE
The Act provides for the development and approval of statements of preferred
work practice or arrangements, that may be approved as approved codes of
practice. These are recommended means of compliance with provisions of the
Act, and may include procedures which could be taken into account when
deciding on the practicable steps to be taken. Compliance with codes of
practice will not be mandatory. However, they may be used as evidence of
good practice in court.
EMPLOYERS DUTIES
Employers have the most duties to perform to ensure the health and safety of
employees.
If you are an employer then you have a general duty to take all practicable
steps to ensure the safety of employees while at work. (This is set out in
section 6.) In particular, you are required to take all practicable steps to:
Provide and maintain a safe working environment;
Provide and maintain facilities for the safety and health of employees at
work;
Ensure that machinery and equipment in the place of work is designed,
made, set up, and maintained to be safe for employees;
Ensure that employees are not exposed to hazards in the course of their
work; and
Develop procedures for dealing with emergencies that may arise while
employees are at work.
HAZARD MANAGEMENT
Employers must identify hazards in the place of work (previously existing, new
and potential) and regularly review them to determine whether they are
significant hazards and require further action. Where there occurs any accident
or harm in respect of which an employer is required to record particulars,
section 7 (2) of the Act requires the employer to take all practicable steps to
ensure that the occurrence is so investigated as to determine whether it was
caused by or arose from a significant hazard.
Significant hazard means a hazard that is an actual or potential cause or
source of:
(a) Serious harm; or
(b) Harm (being more than trivial) the severity of whose effects on any person
depend (entirely or among other things) on the extent or frequency of the
persons exposure to the hazard; or
(c) Harm that does not usually occur, or usually is not easily detectable, until a
significant time after exposure to the hazard.
INFORMATION FOR
EMPLOYEES
Before an employee begins work their employer must inform them of:
Emergency procedures;
Hazards the employee may be exposed to while at work;
Hazards the employee may create while at work which could harm
other people;
How to minimise the likelihood of these hazards becoming a source of
harm to others; and
The location of safety equipment.
TRAINING OF EMPLOYEES
AND THE SAFETY OF OTHERS
The employer must ensure employees are either sufficiently experienced to do
their work safely or supervised by an experienced person. In addition, the
employee must be adequately trained in the safe use of equipment in the
place of work, including protective clothing and equipment (section 13).
An employer is also responsible for the health and safety of people who are
not employees. An employer must take all practicable steps to ensure that an
employee does not harm any other person while at work, including members
of the public or visitors to the place of work (section 15).
EMPLOYEES' DUTIES
If you are an employee, the Act gives you responsibility for your own safety
and health while at work. You must also ensure that your actions do not harm
anyone else.
10
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1
1.2
The code is primarily concerned with the hazards arising from the
processing of solid sulphur, but also considers the major risks associated
with handling sulphur in liquid form.
2. INTERPRETATION
12
2.1
2.2
The code has been written with special reference to the fertiliser industry,
but also applies to other factories where sulphur is handled or processed as
an ancillary operation to the main industry.
2.3
The code does not endeavour to cover the mechanical safety of plant and
equipment, but all machinery must comply with the requirements of the
regulations.
3. DEFINITIONS
Act Means the Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992.
BEI Biological Exposure Indices as described in the WES booklet (see below).
Combustible dust A dust which can be burnt and presents an explosion
hazard when dispersed in air.
Commercially screened sulphur This product shall have a typical sieve
analysis as follows:
%
91.9
67.4
42.0
20.0
8.3
In addition, not more than 25% of any batch of commercially screened sulphur
shall pass a 60 BS sieve (25l microns).
Department The Occupational Safety and Health Service of the Department
of Labour.
Dust All particles with maximum dimensions not exceeding 1400 microns
(12 BS sieve).
Fine sulphur dust All sulphur particles with maximum dimensions not
exceeding 500 microns (or fines) (30 BS sieve).
Hazardous area Any area or vessel within a factory where there is present
combustible dust of such a character and to such an extent as to be liable to
give rise to an explosion or explode on ignition.
Inspector Unless specified means an inspector appointed under the Act.
MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet.
STEL Short Term Exposure Level as described in the WES Booklet.
TLV Threshold Limited Value as described in the WES Booklet.
TWA
4. DUST EXPLOSIONS
Certain conditions are necessary before a dust explosion can take place.
They are:
(a) The dust must be combustible.
(b) The dust cloud must be of explosive concentration, i.e. between the
lower and upper explosion limits for the dusts.
(c) There must be sufficient oxygen in the atmosphere to support and
sustain combustion.
(d) A source of ignition must be present.
(e) The dust must be fine enough to support an explosion.
14
5. HAZARD RATING
OF SULPHUR
Sulphur is a flammable substance in both the solid and liquid states. The
dust is characterised by a very low ignition point of 190C compared to
other combustible dusts, and dust clouds are readily ignited by weak
frictional sparks. Dusts containing 25% or more elemental sulphur may be
almost as explosive as pure sulphur.
Sulphur has excellent electrical insulation properties and under the right
conditions will readily pick up static electricity which if discharged can
result in ignition (see also section 6.8.4).
Solid and liquid sulphur will burn to produce sulphur dioxide gas, which is
extremely irritating and toxic (refer to appendix 2). The effects of the fire
hazard itself are slight.
16
Much of the worlds sulphur is now produced from the treatment of sour
gases found in refinery and natural gas installations. As a result, when this
sulphur is remelted, it may release small quantities of hydrogen sulphide
gas, which is both flammable and toxic. The specific precautions required
are considered in detail in sections 8.2.2-5.
6. DUST EXPLOSION
PREVENTION AND
PROTECTION
6.1 GENERAL
6.1.1
There are two basic approaches available for handling combustible dust
safely:
(a) Explosion Prevention: Dust explosions can be prevented by ensuring
that the following conditions are met:
6.2.2
6.2.3
Where vacuum cleaners are used for dust control and removal, they shall
be suitable for the hazardous area in which they are to be used. Refer to
section 6.5.5 for electrical requirements.
6.2.4
Bulk accumulations of fine sulphur may also be removed using soft push
brooms, having natural bristles and non-sparking scoops or shovels before
vacuum cleaning equipment is used.
6.2.5
The use of compressed air to remove dust from any surface, vigorous
sweeping or any other method of cleaning which may raise a dust cloud is
prohibited.
6.2.6
Long sulphur drops from overhead gantries into the store should be
avoided by discharging near the top of the existing sulphur pile.
Alternatively, dust formation can be reduced using a telescoping spout,
preferably made from aluminium. Where this is not possible or practical,
the sulphur shall be dampened (see section 6.2.7) to minimise dust cloud
formation.
6.2.7
18
Automatic sprinkler systems which comply with NZS 4541 and provide a
fine spray or mist are recommended as the most satisfactory extinguishing
system for bulk stores. Fire hoses and extinguishers must be fitted with fine
spray nozzles to ensure that sulphur dust clouds are not raised, as these
can explode on contact with the fire.
6.4.2
6.4.3
6.4.4
6.4.5
In addition to the above provisions, employers should liaise with the local
commander of the New Zealand Fire Service and follow his or her
recommendations with regard to the size and training of factory fire crews
and other related matters, including rescue and evacuation procedures.
6.5 ELIMINATION OF
IGNITION SOURCES
6.5.1 SMOKING
6.5.1.1
Smoking and the use of matches shall be prohibited in all areas where
sulphur dust is likely to be present. Prominent NO SMOKING signs shall be
placed around such areas.
Naked flames or lights and the use of gas cutting or welding equipment is
prohibited during the normal operation of the plant. Repairs involving the
use of flames, heat, or hand or power tools in areas where sulphur may be
present shall be made only after all sulphur-handling machinery and
operations are shut down, and a hot work permit of the type illustrated in
appendix 3 completed. Where practical, all sulphur shall be removed.
Where this is not possible the sulphur shall be wetted down, and workers
provided with an assured supply of fresh air and a hose line with spray
nozzle to extinguish fires.
Dust layers or dust clouds of sulphur are very easily ignited by hot surfaces
(see appendix 1). The result of this can be a small fire which may then
become an ignition source for any suspended dust in the vicinity.
6.5.3.2
6.5.3.3
6.5.3.4
The surface temperature of the plant or machinery should not exceed 2/3
of the ignition temperature of sulphur dust, i.e. 127C. However,
consideration should also be given to the melting point of sulphur (110 121C) in the selection of heat-producing electrical equipment.
In the case of electrical equipment used in hazardous areas, international
standards define a temperature classification of Tl - T6 to designate the
maximum permissible temperature rise, referenced to a 40 C ambient
temperature.
Hence, suitable electrical equipment for use in a sulphur hazardous area
shall have a T rating of T5 or T6, i.e. a maximum surface temperature of
100C.
6.5.4.2
6.5.4.3
6.5.4.4
If the relative humidity of the air can be maintained above 60%, the
possibility of static build-up is reduced.
20
6.5.5.1
Both electrical wiring and equipment can constitute a source of ignition for
a dust explosion and precautions must be taken to eliminate this hazard.
6.5.5.2
The first requirement is to define the extent of the hazardous area in which
sulphur dust may be continuously present as a dust layer or suspended in
air either continuously, intermittently or periodically under normal
6.5.5.4
6.5.5.5
A health and safety inspector may require that the completed installation be
checked for compliance with the Electricity Act by an authorised electrical
inspector.
Many explosions and fires have been caused by impact or friction sparks as
the result of foreign materials entering the intake conveyor.
6.5.6.2
Precautions must be taken using grids and magnets to remove all foreign
material at the sulphur receiving facilities (see also section 7).
6.5.7.2
In situations where nitrates and sulphur presently use the same loading
elevators, great care must be taken to ensure no cross contamination
occurs. All shutes, hoppers and conveying equipment must be thoroughly
cleaned between deliveries of sulphur and nitrates. In addition to these
precautions, deliveries of sulphur and nitrates shall not be sequential, but
interspersed with a delivery of an inert substance such as phosphate rock
to further reduce the risk of cross-contamination.
Any enclosed plant in which dust can accumulate to the extent that it is
liable to give rise to an explosive concentration must have explosion
protection devices fitted. For most operations the cheapest and most
6.6.2.2
The Occupational Safety and Health Service uses various methods for
determining vent sizes depending on individual circumstances. The usual
method is based on the design criteria set out in NFPA 68 Venting of
deflagrations. This information is presented as a series of nomographs so
that the determination of the vent area is a straightforward technical
exercise. Further details can be obtained from OSH branch offices.
General
6.6.3.1.1 Explosion reliefs must be dust-tight and have sufficient mechanical strength
to resist the wear to which they are subjected. They should be located as
close as possible to potential sources of ignition. An open vent is the most
effective but is usually impractical because of the need to protect the
product against contamination, the weather, and to stop the dust
contaminating the atmosphere. Hence a variety of closures are used.
6.6.3.2
Bursting Discs
Explosion Doors
6.6.3.3.1 These may be made of light metal or other non-combustible material. The
hinges need to be regularly maintained and lubricated. This type of
22
explosion relief has been found to be nearly as effective as open reliefs for
relieving the pressure generated by explosions which do not have a very
high rate of pressure rise.
6.6.3.3.2 The door must not weigh more than 25 kg and preferably not more than 10
kg per square metre of door area.
6.6.3.3.3 Felt or other suitable material may be used to provide a dust-tight fitting.
6.6.3.3.4 Other explosion doors can consist of light rigid covers held in place by
springs, spring clips, gravity, magnets, friction or thin metal tongues.
6.6.3.3.5 The doors need to be securely attached so that they do not become
dangerous missiles when they operate.
The most effective way of obtaining safe venting is to locate the plant in
the open air, or beneath a light waterproof structure so that the flames, hot
gases and burning dust are vented harmlessly away.
6.6.4.2
If this is not possible then the explosion relief must be linked to the outside
via ducting. The ducting must be strong enough to withstand the maximum
pressure to which it is likely to be subjected, and should be as short and
straight as possible.
6.6.4.3
Any duct will decrease the effectiveness of the vent in proportion to its
length because the explosion pressure increases with ducting length.
6.6.4.4
6.6.4.5
6.6.4.6
The following table sets out the requirements for calculating the vent area
for different lengths of ducting.
6.6.4.7
6.7.2
explosion. The plant will be shut down automatically at this stage by the
control unit. Suppressants usually consist of vaporising liquids such as the
halogenated hydrocarbons (halons). To use a suppression system the plant
needs to be able to withstand a pressure rise of about 20 kPa. Where such
systems are installed care is required owing to the toxic nature of some of
the suppressants.
6.8 INERTING
6.8.1
6.8.2
6.8.3
The reactivity of the dust and the strength and duration of any ignition
source must be taken into consideration when choosing the inerting gas. In
the case of sulphur, using carbon dioxide as the inerting gas, the oxygen
concentration must be reduced to 12% to prevent ignition of dust clouds.
6.8.4
To ensure the integrity of the inerting system the plant must be operated
under positive pressure.
24
7. SPECIFIC HAZARDS
RELATING T0 SULPHUR
HANDLING
7.1 INTAKE STORE
7.1.1 LOADING OPERATION
7.1.1.1
7.1.3.2
with front-end loaders care must be exercised to avoid raising dust clouds
as far as possible and to prevent the bucket from scraping along the
concrete.
All elevators and conveyors which agitate the sulphur being transported,
such as bucket elevators, shall be enclosed in dust-tight casings and
provided with explosion venting.
7.2.1.2
Where bucket elevators are constructed from ferrous casings, the buckets or
bucket conveyor shall be non-ferrous.
7.2.1.3
Where used, screw conveyors must be modified to act as chokes so that the
spread of an explosion is prevented. This can be achieved in the case of
upward tilting conveyors by removing either the end or one of the central
flights of the screw. With horizontal screw conveyors the central flight shall
be removed and a baffle plate inserted in its place to ensure the screw
always retains a plug of sulphur.
All belts are to be protected against the build-up of static electricity, as set
out in AS 1020 and BS 3289.
7.2.2.2
7.3 SIEVING
26
7.3.1
In some locations crude sulphur is sieved to produce fine grades for special
purposes. This operation must be carried out in properly designed and
constructed plant, consisting of a controlled feed of crude sulphur to the
sieve and enclosed dust-handling equipment. Where practical the whole
plant must be protected against the effects of a possible explosion using
one of the methods listed in sections 6.6, 6.7, 6.8 or 6.9.
7.3.2
The preferred location for sieving plant is in an open area which shall be
surrounded by an isolation distance of 30 m from any other building,
operation or fence.
7.3.3
Where the provisions set out in section 7.3.1-2 are not practical the
operation may be carried out within a building provided the additional
precautions set out in sections 7.6.2.3 - 7.6.2.7 are followed.
7.4 HOPPERS
7.4.1
Where sulphur is loaded into open hoppers no explosion relief venting will
be required provided these are located in large open areas, and the
formation of dust clouds is not a problem in the opinion of the inspector.
In all new plants or when existing plant is modified, consideration shall be
given to relocating all such hoppers outside. In situations where dust
formation is a problem, this must be controlled either by damping down
the sulphur, (section 6.2.7) or by providing dust extraction equipment,
(section 7.6.3). In all situations where sulphur is loaded into hoppers within
buildings breathing apparatus must be readily available as required by
section 6.4.
The need for crushing and pulverising equipment to produce finely ground
sulphur has considerably diminished since nearly pure pelletised sulphur
became available on world markets from the treatment of sour gases
generated in oil refineries and natural gas installations.
7.6.1.2
7.6.2.2
7.6.2.3
7.6.2.4
7.6.2.5
7.6.2.6
7.6.2.7
7.6.4.2
7.6.4.3
Interlocking controls shall be installed to stop the dust feed if the pulveriser
stops or if the fans or blowers stop for any reason.
28
Where appropriate the precautions set out in section 6 shall also apply to
crushing and pulverising.
8. LIQUID SULPHUR
8.1 GENERAL
8.1.1
8.2.2
8.2.3
Tanks used to store liquid sulphur shall be fitted with vents to prevent the
accumulation of explosive quantities of hydrogen sulphide. These pipes
shall be so designed using steam tracing or other means, to ensure
plugging with sublimed sulphur cannot occur.
8.2.4
The buildings housing liquid sulphur tanks shall be provided with good
natural or mechanical ventilation to disperse flammable gases and vapour
and maintain the atmosphere below the WES-TWA for hydrogen sulphide.
8.2.5
8.2.6
8.2.7
All pipe work, metal parts of tanks and buildings must be bonded and
earthed in accordance with AS 1020. Where appropriate grounding
connectors shall be provided for the bonding of liquid sulphur tanks and
tank cars being loaded and unloaded.
Liquid sulphur burns but does not explode. Apart from the fire hazard
itself, the sulphur dioxide gas produced is highly irritating and toxic in very
small amounts. (See also appendix 2.)
8.3.2
The factory fire crew shall be provided with safety belts and lifelines with
one worker standing by in case of accidents.
8.3.3
If the fire occurs in a closed tank it can be smothered by closing all vents.
However, the tank may become very hot before the fire goes out, and must
be allowed to cool before the vents can be opened again. It is
recommended that a properly engineered fixed steam flooding system be
provided for extinguishing any fires in liquid sulphur tanks.
Note: A solid stream of water hitting hot sulphur in a closed tank
may cause a steam explosion.
8.3.4
8.3.5
First-degree burns can result from splashes of liquid sulphur on skin and
clothing. The sulphur will rapidly solidify. Do not attempt to remove it.
Immerse affected area in cold water, treat the patient for shock and obtain
medical attention.
8.4.2
If larger amounts of liquid sulphur are in contact with the body, e.g. when
someone gets a boot full of sulphur, deep third-degree burns will result.
Immerse the burned area in cold water for at least 20 minutes. Do not
attempt to remove affected clothing. Hospital treatment is essential.
30
8.5.2
8.6
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
8.6.1
9. FERTILISERS
CONTAINING SULPHUR
9.1 BACKGROUND
9.1.1 ADDITION OF COMMERCIALLY
SCREENED SULPHUR
9.1.1.1
The Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand has previously permitted the
addition of elemental sulphur to certain fertilisers, at rates of up to 23% by
weight, for application by aerial top dressing to agricultural pasture. Under
these conditions the sulphur is made non-explosive by the presence of an
inert diluent such as superphosphate or calcium sulphate. Other diluents
such as limestone are less effective. Care is required in the manufacture of
these fertilisers, to ensure that the particles of sulphur and superphosphate
are of similar size, so that during handling there is no tendency for the
mixture to separate out which could lead to the formation of higher and,
therefore, explosive concentrations of sulphur.
32
9.1.4
SCIENTIFIC STUDIES
9.1.4.l
9.1.4.2
The conditions set out in sections 9.2.1 or 9.2.2 shall apply but, in addition,
not more than 20% of the mixture shall pass a 60 BS sieve (251 microns)
and the bulk resistivity shall not exceed 1011ohm-cm at 50% relative
humidity.
9.3.2
(a)
The prills contain less than 1% dust which will pass a 60 BS sieve (25l
microns).
(b)
The bulk resistivity must not exceed 1011ohm-cm at 50% relative humidity.
(c)
9.5.1.2
9.5.2.2
34
10.1 GENERAL
10.1.1
Sulphur dust or fumes can cause irritation to the eyes and mucous
membranes. There is no evidence, however, that contact with sulphur
causes systemic poisoning. In some individuals sulphur dust has an irritant
action on the skin which may be aggravated by perspiration or moisture.
10.5 TRAINING
10.5.1
36
APPENDIX 1: PROPERTIES
OF SULPHUR
Physical state
Melting point
Auto-ignition temperature
Flash point
168 -188C
Vapour pressure
Solubility
Insoluble in water
Specific gravity
Corrosivity
Reactivity
Toxicity
APPENDIX 2: HEALTH
HAZARDS OF SULPHUR
DIOXIDE
TOXICITY
When sulphur burns in the atmosphere it forms sulphur dioxide gas. Sulphur
dioxide is irritating to the eyes, nose, throat and lungs in concentrations greater
than 6-20 parts per million (ppm). At 150 ppm irritation is extreme.
Concentrations in excess of 400-500 ppm may result in suffocation. The
workplace exposure standard, eight-hour time-weighted average (WES-TWA[1992]) is 2 ppm. Exposure to sulphur dioxide has no permanent systemic
effect.
FIRST AID
Move workers suffering from over-exposure due to inhalation of sulphur
dioxide into fresh air. Keep them warm and still. Full recovery is fairly rapid
for most people. Irrigate eyes with warm water for 15 minutes. Obtain medical
attention if lung or eye irritation persists.
38
Signed .................................................
(Date: time)
Factory manager
Signed .................................................
(Date: time)
I have inspected the work. The permit has been withdrawn as from .......................................
3. Extinguishers/hoses provided
on site
(Plant or equipment)
2. No flammable liquids,
vapours gases or dusts present
To (Time
completed)
From (Time)
(Name)
On (Date)
In (Location)
REFERENCES
1. National Fire Protection Association, NFPA 655:1988 Standard for
Prevention of Sulphur Fires and Explosions.
2. Field, P. Dust Explosions. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, 1982.
3. National Safety Council Data Sheet 1-612. Handling and Storage of Solid
Sulphur. rev 1984, USA.
4. National Safety Council Data Sheet 1-592-78. Handling Liquid Sulphur. rev
1978, USA.
5. Fire Prevention Association. Information Sheet on Hazardous Materials, H
14 Sulphur, UK.
6. Miscellaneous Publication, Electrical Wiring in Hazardous Locations.
Standards New Zealand.
7. NZS 6101:1990 Classification of hazardous areas, part 2, combustible dusts.
8. AS 1020: 1984. The Control of Undesirable Static Electricity.
9. Department of Labour. Guidelines for the Control of Static Electricity in
Industry. 1981.
10. BS 3289: 1982. Conveyor belting primarily for use underground (including
fire performance).
11. Civil Aviation Information Circular, GEN A80/86. Flammable Materials:
Aerial Application. Ministry of Transport, New Zealand.
12. Rothbaum, HP. Safety Requirements for the Aerial Distribution of Sulphur.
New Zealand Fertiliser Manufacturers' Research Association 20th Technical
Conference Proceedings.
14. Massey University Occasional Report No. 4. Proceedings of the Technical
Workshop on Sulphur in New Zealand Agriculture, 23 and 24 May 1983. ISSN
0111-3313.
OTHER LEGISLATION
Dangerous Goods Order 1983: Fine grain sulphur is listed as a class 4.1(c)
flammable solid.
Safety in Employment (Machinery) Regulations 1993: Detail requirements for
mechanical safety of plant and equipment.
Electrical Wiring Regulations 1976.
40