5.1.6.

Lines of Defense
By Heidi Hisrich

Need for immunity

All living things are vulnerable to
attack

Types of Immunity
Non-Specific

Specific

Kicks in if non-specific
fails
Each response is
specific to particular
pathogens
Only vertebrates have
it

Also called innate

First lines of defense
Prevents all pathogens
All organisms have it

Examples of Non-Specific
Immunity

Skin
Prevents pathogens from entering body
Also covered in beneficial bacteria that help counteract pa
thogenic bacteria

Nose Hairs
Catches pathogens entering the body

Mucous
Mucous membranes in respiratory tract trap pathogens

Phagocytes
Literal meaning is?
Eating cells SO they eat the pathogens

Inflammation
Creates barrier against further infection
Promotes healing of damaged tissue

Examples of Specific
Immunity

Antigens
Literal meaning is against the start
On the surfaces of all cells (including pathogens) that alerts immune cells

Antibodies
Literal meaning is against a body
Proteins made by the immune system, that that track down antigens (each
is unique to a particular antibodylike key in lock)keep them from
continuing to cause harm

B-Cells
Make the antibodies

T-Cells
The hit men of the immune system
Track down pathogens and kill them