HI CC TRNG CHUYN

VNG DUYN HI V NG BNG BC B

THI MN HA HC KHI 10

TRNG THPT CHUYN BIN HA TNH H NAM

NM 2015

THI XUT

Thi gian lm bi 180 pht

( ny c 4 trang, gm 10 cu)

CU HI 1: CU TO NGUYN T-LTH (2 im)

1. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c electron cui cng c b cc s lng t:
1
2

n = 3; l = 2; m = 0 v s = + .
a) Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t nguyn t X.
b) Hy xc nh nng lng ion ha th z (theo kJ/mol) ca nguyn t nguyn t X.
Vi z l s hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t X.
2. Cho cc gi tr nng lng ion ha (eV) lin tip nhau nh sau:
I1
I2
I3
I4
5,95
18,82
28,44
119,96
Hy cho bit cc gi tr nng lng ion ha c th tng ng vi nguyn t no
sau y:
Be (Z = 4); Al (Z = 13) v Fe (Z = 26).
Gii thch.
CU HI 2: TINH TH (2 im)
Tantan (Ta) c khi lng ring l 16,7 g/cm 3, kt tinh theo mng lp phng vi
0

cnh ca mng c s l 3,32 A .

a. Trong mi c s c bao nhiu nguyn t Ta ?
b. Tantan kt tinh theo kiu mng lp phng no ? Cho MTa = 180,95 g/mol
CU HI 3: PHN NG HT NHN (2 im)
Khi nghin cu mt c vt da vo 14C (t1/2 = 5730 nm), ngi ta thy trong mu
c c 11C; s nguyn t 14C bng s nguyn t 11C; t l phng x 11C so vi 14C bng
1,51.108 ln.
1. Vit phng trnh phn ng phng x beta () ca hai ng v .

2. Tnh t l phng x 11C so vi 14C trong mu ny sau 12 gi k t nghin cu

trn. Cho bit 1 nm c 365 ngy.
CU HI 4: NHIT HA HC (2 im)
1. Tnh H0 ca phn ng gia N2H4 (l) v H2O2(l). Bit:
Cht
N2H4(l)
H2O2(l)
H2O(k)
H0s (kJ)
50,6
-187,8
-241,6
0
2. Tnh H ca phn ng gia N2H4 (l) v H2O2(l) nu da vo cc d kin nhit
ng sau:
Lin kt
Elk (kJ/mol)

N-N
167

N=N
418

NN
942

N-H
386

O-O
142

O=O
494

O-H
459

v
Cht
H0ho

hi

N2H4

H2O2

41

51,63

(kJ/mol)
3. Trong 2 kt qu tm c trn, kt qu no chnh xc hn? Ti sao?
4. Tnh tng nhit cc i (T) ca cc kh sn phm?
Cho bit: Cp, N2 (k) = 29,1 J/mol. v Cp, H2O (k) = 23,6 J/mol.
CU HI 5: CN BNG HA HC (2 im)
Cho cc s liu sau y i vi phn ng loi H2 ca C2H6

1) Tnh Kp i vi phn ng kh hidro ti 900K bng n v Pa

2) Ti trng thi cn bng, trong bnh phn ng c p sut tng hp l 2 atm. Tnh KC
v KX
3) Ngi ta dn etan ti 6270C qua mt cht xc tc kh hidro. Tnh phn trm th
tch cc cht lc cn bng. Bit p sut h lc cn bng l 101300 Pa

4) Tnh KP ca phn ng kh H2 ti 600K. Gi thit trong khong nhit t 600

900K

c gi tr khng i. Gii thch s khc nhau gia cc gi tr KP 600K

v 900K
CU HI 6: CN BNG DD CHT IN LI (2 im)
1) Tnh pH ca dung dch NaHCO3 3.10-2(M).
Bit K1 v K2 ca H2CO3 ln lt l 4,47.10-7 v 4,68.10-11
2) Tnh nng ca H3O+ trong dung dch hn hp HCOOH 0,01M v HOCN
0,1M.
Bit KHCOOH = 1,8.10-4 v KHOCN = 3,3.10-4
3) Thm dung dch cha ion Ag+ vo dung dch hn hp Cl (0,1M) v CrO4 2
(0,01M).
Hi kt ta AgCl hay kt ta Ag2CrO4 xut hin trc?
Tnh nng ion Cl khi kt ta mu nu Ag2CrO4 bt u xut hin.
9,75
11,95
Cho TAgCl 10 ; TAg CrO 10
2

CU HI 7: PHN NG OXI HA KH V IN HA (2 im)

1) Hon thnh cc phn ng sau y theo phng php cn bng ion-electron

a) MnO4 HNO3 ...

Fe2 O3

... NO
b) Cu2 S HNO
3

MnO
2

...

SO
42 ...

2) Tnh nng ban u ca HSO4 bit rng khi o sc in ng ca pin

Pt (0,1M ); 3 (0, 02 M ) MnO4 (0, 05M ); Mn 2 (0, 01M ); HSO4 (CM ) Pt
25oC c gi tr 0,824(V).
o
Cho MnO

/ Mn 2

1,51(V ) ; o / 3 0,5355(V ) v a ( HSO ) 1, 0.102

3
4

CU HI 8: HALOGEN (2 im)
1. Cho cc gi tr nhit si ca cc hirua sau:
Cht
Nhit

HF
si + 19,5

HCl
-84,9

HBr
-66,8

HI
-35,4

(0C)
a. Gii thch s bin i nhit si ca cc dy sau:

H2O
+100

H2S
- 60,75

(1)

HF, HCl, HBr, HI.

(2)

H2O, H2S.

b. Trn thc t, lin kt H-F phn cc hn lin kt O-H, song ti sao nhit si ca
HF < H2O
2. Hy sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh axit ca cc hirua . Gii thch?
CU HI 9: OXI LU HUNH (2 im)
Ho tan ln lt a gam Mg xong n b gam Fe, c gam mt st oxit X trong H2SO4
long d thu c 2,46 lt kh A ( 270C, 0,5 atm) v dung dch B. Ly 1/5 dung dch B
cho tc dng va vi 120 ml dung dch KMnO4 0,025M thu c dung dch C. Bit
trong dung dch C c 7,274 gam hn hp mui trung ho. Tm cng thc oxit st v cc
gi tr a, b, c.
CU HI 10: NG HC
Etylenoxit b nhit phn theo phng trnh sau:
CH2

CH2 (k)

CH4 (k) + CO (k)

O
687,7K p sut chung ca hn hp phn ng bin i theo thi gian nh sau
t
(pht)
P.10

12

18

0,15

0,16

0,16

0,16

0,17

0,18

(N.m-2) 5
3
6
9
4
2
Hy chng t rng phn ng phn hy C2H4O l bc nht. Tnh hng s tc nhit
th nghim
Ngi ra
INH TRNG MINH - 0988522822
L TH THU

P N + BIU IM CHM MN HA HC KHI 10

Cu

Ni dung chnh cn t
im
a) ng vi cc s lng t cho => electron cui cng ng
vi cu hnh: 3d3
Theo Kleckoski => phn lp 3d c mc nng lng ln hn 0.5
cc phn lp: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s
Do theo nguyn l vng bn
=> Th t in electron trong nguyn t ca nguyn t X l:
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3
Vy cu hnh electron ca X l: 1s22s22p63s23p63d34s2
b) Nguyn t X c Z = 23 => Nng lng ion ha th Z ca X
l:
Iz = - En = 13, 6
-19

Cu 1

-19

232
= 7194,4 eV
12
-19

0.5
23

1eV = 1,602.10 .1 = 1,602.10 J = 1,602.10 . 6.10 =

9,612.104 J/mol = 96,12 kJ/mol
Iz = 7194,4.96,12 = 691 526 kJ/mol
Nhn xt: Nng lng ion ha th 3 v th 4 c s chnh lch
ln, do qu trnh tch electron th 4 xy ra lp bn trong.
Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t cc nguyn t:
Be 1s22s2 => Nng lng ion ha th 2 v th 3 c s 0.25
chnh lch ln v s tch electron xy ra 2 lp khc nhau.
Al 1s22s22p63s23p1 => Lp ngoi cng c 3 electron v
s tch electron th 4 xy ra lp bn trong => Nng lng 0.5
ion ha th 4 c s tng mnh so vi cc gi tr nng lng ion
ha trc .
Fe 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2 => Nng lng ion ha th
nht (I1) v th hai (I2) tng nh v s tch electron xy ra
cng lp ngoi cng. Nng lng ion ha th ba (I3) v th t 0.25
(I4) ln hn nhiu so vi I2 v s tch xy ra lp pha trong.
Do , nng lng ion ha th ba (I3) v th t (I4) c s chnh
lch t.
Vy cc gi tr nng lng ion ha cho tng ng vi
nguyn t ca nguyn t nhm (Al).

3,32 A = 3,32.10-8 cm
Th tch c s ca Ta l: V = (3,32.10-8)3 = 36,6.10-24 cm3

0.5

Khi lng ca c s l:
m = 36,6.10-24.16,7 = 611,22.10-24 g
Gi n l s nguyn t Ta trong mt c s. Khi lng mt
1

nguyn t Ta l: mTa =
MTa = mTa N =

Cu 2

611,22.10 24
g
n
611,22.10 24
6,02.10-23
n

M khi lng mol ca Ta l MTa = 180,95 g/mol

180,95 n = 2

367,95
n
367,95
n

V n = 2 nn Ta kt tinh theo kiu mng tinh th lp phng

tm khi.

0.5

0.5
0.5

2.

Cu 3
1.
2.

Cc phng trnh phn ng ho hc ht nhn:

11
11
+
0.5
6C
7N
14
14
+
6C
7N
phng x ca mt ht nhn c tnh theo biu thc:
A = N (1).
Trong , l hng s phng x, N l s ht nhn
phng x ti thi im ang xt:
Vi mi ng v trn ta c:
C11
A11 = 11N11
(2)
14
C
A14 = 14N14
(3)
0.5
Theo u bi, ti thi im u, c th coi thi gian t = 0. Ta k
hiu:
N11 = (No)11; N14 = (No)14 m (No)11 = (No)14
(4)
T iu kin:
[A11/A14] = [ 11(No)11/14(No)14] = 1,51.108, kt hp vi (4), ta
c: 11 = 14 1,51.108 (5)
Vi C14 ta c 14 = (0,6932/t1/2) = (0,6932/5730 365
24 60) = 2,3021010 (pht1).
a kt qu ny vo (5) ta tnh c: 11 = 2,302 1010

1.

Cu 4

2.
3.
4.

Cu 5
1.
2.
3.

1,51.108 = 3,476.102 (pht1)

(6)
) Xt ti t =12 gi: Ta bit phng x ca mt ht nhn c
tnh theo biu thc: A = N (1).
Mt khc, ta c: N = No et = Noexp [-t] (7)
Vi mi ng v ta c:
C11
N11 = (No)11exp [-11t]
(8)
14
C
N14 = (No)14exp [-14 t]
(9)
Vy ti t = 12 gi, ta c [A 11/A14] = [11N11/14N14]
(10)
Thay (8) v (9) vo (10), kt hp (4), ta c:
[A11/A14] = [11/14]exp [t(14 - 11)]
= (3,476.102/2,3021010 )exp [12 60 ( 2,302 10-10 3,476.102]
Thc t 2,3021010 << 3,476.102 nn ta c [A11/A14] ~
2,004.103 (ln).
Nhn xt:
Kt qu ny l hp l v 11 = 3,476.102pht1 >> 14 =2,302
1010pht1.
Do trong thc t ng dng ngi ta ch ch n C14.
N2H4 (l) + 2H2O2(l) N2 (k) + 4H2O (k)
Hp = 4 mol. (-241,6 kJ/mol) - [2 mol. (-187,6) + 1 mol.
(50,6 kJ/mol) = - 641,8 kJ.
Hp = 4.EN-H + EN-N + 4EO-H + 2EO-O - EN N - 8EO-H = 638,74 kJ.
Kt qu 1) chnh xc hn 2) v nng lng lin kt ch l cc
gi tr trung bnh
Tng nhit dung ca hn hp kh sn phm l C = 29,1 +
4.23,6 = 123,5 J/K.mol
tng nhit T = Hp / C = 5196,760C.
Ta c

1.0

0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5

0.5
Thay s
Kp = K.
KC = KP.(RT)-n = 5,017.10-2.(0,082.900)-1 = 6,79.10-4 (mol/l) 0.5
KX = KP.P-n = 5,017.10-2.2-1 = 2,5.10-2
Gi s ban u c 1mol C2H6
0.5
Xt cn bng:
C2H6

C2H4 + H2
Mol ban u
1
Mol cn bng 1-x
x
x

p sut ring phn ca tng cht:

KP =

,22

x = 0,2
ti cn bng
%C2H4 = %H2 = 0,2/(1+0,2) = 16,67%
%C2H6 = 66,66%
Phn ng kh hidro
C2H6 C2H4 + H2
vi
C

0.5

4.

p dng phng trnh Vant Hoff c

ln

Kp,600K = 0,34 Pa
Nhn xt: Phn ng kh Hidro l phn ng thu nhit, do
vy khi gim nhit (t 900K xung 600K) th KP gim
Trong dung dch c phn ng ch yu l:

Cu 6

2HCO
3

0.5

H 2 CO3 CO32

Cho nn H 2 CO3 CO3

Axit cacbonic c cc hng s axit
2

1.

H HCO
3
1
H 2 CO3

H CO 32
v 2
HCO3
2

Suy ra: K1.K2 = H

H K1 .K 2

1
( pK1 pK 2 ) 8,34
2
HCOOH + H2O
H3O+ + HCOO-

pH =
2.

H 3O

HCOO
1,8.104
HCOOH

+
HOCN + H2O
H3O + OCN

H 3O

OCN
3,3.104
HOCN

V nng cc axit khng qu b cho nn c th b qua s

0.5

in li ca nc.
p dng nh
H 3O

lut

bo

ton

nng

ta

c:

HCOO
OCN

HCOOH
HOCN

Suy ra: H 3O 1 H O 2 H O
3
3

C hai axit u yu nn c th coi gn ng:

HCOOH C1 102 (M ) v HOCN C2 101 (M )
Suy ra:
H 3 O K1C1 K 2 C2 1,8.104.102 3,3.104.101 5,9.103 ( M )

Ag Cl

2Ag CrO42

AgCl

AgCl Ag . Cl

Ag 2CrO4 Ag . CrO 42

Ag 2 CrO4 ;

kt ta AgCl xut hin th:

Ag

AgCl
Cl

Ag

AgCl

Cl

109,75

0,1

1, 78.109 ( M )

Ag2CrO4

CrO42

1011,95

0, 01

kt ta Ag2CrO4 xut hin th:

3.

Ag

CrO 42 Ag2CrO

4

Ag

1, 06.105 ( M )

Do Ag AgCl Ag Ag CrO
cho nn kt ta AgCl xut hin trc.

5
Khi bt u xut hin kt ta Ag2CrO4 th Ag 1, 06.10 ( M )

AgCl
109,75

Cl

1, 68.105 ( M )
5

1, 06.10
Ag

Cu 7

1.

0.5
0.5

Hon thnh cc phn ng sau theo phng php thng bng

ion-electron
a) MnO4 Fe3O4 ... Fe2 O3 MnO2 ...
MnO4 3e H 2O x2
MnO2 4OH
x32O3 2 H 2O 2e
Fe3O4 2OH 2 Fe
2 MnO4 6 Fe3 O4 H 2 O 2MnO2 9 Fe2 O3 2OH

0.5

b) Cu2S + HNO3 + NO + SO42- +

X3
Cu2 S 4 H 2O 2Cu 2 SO42 8H 10e
NO3 4 H 3e NO x10
2 H 2O
3Cu2 S 10 NO3 16 H 6Cu 2 10 NO 3SO42 8H 2O

0.5

in

cc

dng

(bn

phi):

2
MnO 8H 5e
Mn 4 H 2 O

Ephi=
oMnO / Mn2
4

0, 0592 MnO4 . H

lg
5
Mn 2

0, 0592 0, 05. H
1,51
.lg
5
0, 01

in cc m (bn tri): 3I
I 3 2e

Etri =
2.

o
I 3 / 3 I

0, 0592 I 3
0, 0592 0, 02

lg 0,5355
lg
0,574(V )
2
2
(0,1)3
I

Epin = E+ - E- = 0,824
0, 05. H
Suy ra: 0,824 1,51 0, 059 lg
5
0, 01

0,574

Gii ra ta c: [H+] = 0,54 (M) = x

2
HSO4
T cn bng:
H SO4
Ban u:
C
0
0
Cn bng:
(C x)
x
x

0.5

Ka = 1,0.10-2

x2
x2
a

xC
Cx
a

Thay gi tr x =0,54 v Ka = 1,0.10-2 vo, ta tnh c

CHSO 0,346( M )

0.5

Cu 8

1.

a.
Nhit si:
HCl < HBr < HI < HF
Loi lin kt gia cc phn t:
Van der Van
Lin
kt hiro + Van der Van
Trong , lin kt hiro trong HF bn hn nhiu so vi
lin kt Van der Van. Do HF c nhit si cao nht.
Lin kt Van der Van ph thuc ch yu vo tng tc
khuch tn, ngha l tng theo M. V th HCl < HBr < HI.
0.5
(2) Tng t: H2O c lin kt Hiro cn H2S
khng c lin kt Hiro.
0.5
b. Lin kt H-F phn cc hn lin kt O-H ngha l lin
kt Hiro ca H-F > H-O. Song trong nc, cc phn t H 2O
lin kt vi nhau bng 4 lin kt hiro to thnh mng khng
gian (H2O)n (n ln)
cn trong HF, cc phn t HF lin kt vi nhau bng 2 lin kt
hiro to thnh
0.5
mch thng vi on ngn (HF)n (n 6)
V th, nc c nhit si cao hn trong HF

2.

Tnh axit: H2O < H2S < HF < HCl < HBr < HI
Gii thch: da vo mt in tch m trn nguyn t trung 0.5
tm: O2- > S2- > F- > Cl- > Br- > It x, y, z ln lt l s mol tng ng ca Mg, Fe v st oxit.
0,5.2, 46

Theo : n H = 0, 082.(273 27) 0, 05 mol

Khi phn ng ht vi dung dch B:
s mol KMnO4 l: 5.0,12.0,025 = 0,015 mol,:
khi lng mui trung ho thu c l: 7,274.5 = 36,37 gam
PTP: Mg
+
H2SO4
MgSO4 + H2
(1)
Fe
+
H2SO4
FeSO4
+
H2
(2)
2

10FeSO4 + 2KMnO4 + 8H2SO4

0,07

0,015

5Fe2(SO4)3 + K2SO4
+ 2MnSO4 + 8H2O (3)
0,0075
0,015

0,0375

Khi lng mui to thnh t (3):

0,0375.400 + 0,0075.174 + 0,015.151 = 18,57 g
Vy trong dung dch C cn li mt lng mui l: 36,37
18,57 = 17,8g (chc chn cha MgSO4)
- Nu
Cu 9

m MgSO4 =

17,8g th

n MgSO4

17,8
0,148 mol n H 2 (1)
120

0,148 mol > 0,05 mol : v l

Dung dch B ngoi MgSO4, FeSO4 cn c mui khc to
thnh t st oxit l Fe2(SO4)3
- Nu n FeSO (4) 0,075 mol ch do (2) cung cp th n H (2) =
0,075 mol > 0,05 mol: v l Phi c mt lng FeSO4 to
thnh t st oxit
Vy st oxit khi tc dng vi H2SO4 phi ng thi to ra 2
mui: FeSO4 v Fe2(SO4)3
Cng thc st oxit l: Fe3O4
4

0.5

Fe3O4 + 4H2SO4
FeSO4 + Fe2(SO4)3 + H2O (4)
(1) n MgSO4 = n H 2 = x mol
(2) n FeSO4 = n H 2 = y mol
(4) n FeSO n Fe ( SO ) z mol
4

0.5
0.25

4 3

Ta c cc phng trnh: n H = x + y = 0,05 (*)

n FeSO = y + z = 0,075 (**)
m Fe ( SO ) (4) + m MgSO = 400.z + 120.x = 17,8 (***)
Gii h (*), (**) v (***)
ta c : x = 0,015
y = 0,035
z = 0,04
Vy a = 0,36g
b = 1,96g
c = 9,28g
2

4 3

0.25
0.5

Gi s phn ng l bc nht
biu thc tnh
Gi P l p sut chung ca h ti thi im t, Po l p sut
ban u ca etylenoxit, x l p sut ring phn ca metan thi
im t, khi p sut ring phn ca etylenoxit ti thi im t
l Po x
p sut chung ca h P = Po x + x + x = Po + x
x = P - Po Po x = Po (P - Po) = 2Po P

Cu 10

phng trnh ng hc ca phn ng c dng

Thay cc gi tr ng vi t khc nhau ta c

k1 = 1,06.10-2 ph-1
k2 = 1,05.10-2 ph-1
k3 = 1,05.10-2 ph-1
k4 = 1,08.10-2 ph-1
k5 = 1,06.10-2 ph-1
Nhn xt: hng s tc ti cc thi im xp x bng
nhau nn phn ng ng l bc 1
Hng s tc phn ng bng

0.5

1.0

0.5

Ngi ra
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