System Approach

This theory was applied to management

during 1950s..

This theory was introduced by N. WIENER.

 System Approach
It is an integrating approach, which consider
management is totally inter-related to each
other part of organization.

The word ‘System’ is Greek word which means

bring together.
Organization is group of sub-system, there may
be number of sub-system in a system .
 System

Sub-system Sub-system Sub-system

 FEATURES OF A SYSTEM
APPROACH
• A system is basically combination of a part
of subsystem. Even part have various
subpart. Subsystem is called Hierarchy of
a system .

• system & subsystem of a mutually related

to each other.
 OPEN SYSTEM
• Open system interact with environment.

• Open system modern technique

• Open system is affected environment

change
 CLOSED SYSTEM
• Closed system are those system which
have no interaction with internal &external
environment.
• There are self-contained & self-
maintaining
• These are generally mechanical
 Conclusion
System approach says that whole system
and sub-system interrelated and inter-
dependent .
An organization is work like human body
where every part of organization is
dependent on other.
 CONTINGENCY APPROACH
• It is relatively a new approach to
organization & management.
• It is also called SITUATIONAL
APPROACH
• SITUATIONAL APPROACH in the sense
that there is no single best way of
managing applicable in all situation.
• This management approach can be
expressed as IF-THEN relationship
• ‘if denotes the independent variable
• then denotes the management variables
which are dependent on the environment.
 FEATURES:

• It is entirely situational. The application

and effectiveness of any technique is
contingent on the given situation.
• Managers should understand that there is
no one best way to manage.
• Organization action should be based on
environmental forces
 Conclusion
CONTINGENCY/ SITUATIONAL
APPROACH entirely situational .
It says there is on such fix way to manage
the things it may affected by
environmental forces