Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar

Department of Electrical Engineering

EE 402 Control System Lab.

B. Tech.: Electrical,
Sem. : VII

EXPERIMENT 5: STUDY OF LINEAR SYSTEMS USING CONTROL SYSTEMS

TRAINER KITS
AIM
To evolve a mathematical model and to learn PID tuning methods for a
Temperature Control system
THEORY
The Process Model
The Experimentally obtained step response ( a typical one ) is shown. The step
response can be can be fitted into a simple first order model with Dead time.

G(s) =

K es
(s+ 1)

Where K = Process gain,

= dead time = time constant

The three parameters K,

, and are estimated from the open loop step

response of the process.

PID Tuning
For the system under consideration PID controller is the most efficient and is of the
form given below.

Gc(s) = Kp +

Ki
s

+KDs

A simple method of determining the controller settings proposed by Ziegler and

Nichols and is given by

Kp =

1.2
K

; KI = 2

and KD = 0.5

FACLITIES REQUIRED
Temperature control System VTCS -02
PID TUNING OF TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER
Using the Trainer kit VTCS 02 study the PID control action of the
Temperature control system. Obtain the best possible PID values for a
set temperature value.

(You may use the second method of Ziegler

Nichols method of Tuning)

Plot the time response characteristics for the same.
TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEM VTCS 02
Temperature measurement and control is essential in industrial application. It is one
of the primary variables in use. Here, temperature of the air flowing through the
heater grid is to be controlled. The system consists of heater, blower, and
thermistor arrangement. Thermistor is used to sense the temperature of the air
flow. It is made of semiconductor material having a negative temperature co-

efficient ie. If temperature increases, resistance decreases, vice versa. The variation
in the resistance is inserted into the wheat stone bridge. The bridge is balanced at
room temperature. It is designed to measured the temperature of (0 - 100C). The
bridge voltage is amplified and signal conditioned to give (0-5V). Desired
temperature (35C - 95C) is given by the set value POT. User can study the set
value disturbance by giving step input to the controller by internal mode or external
mode. Blower is placed adjacent to the heater. It is used to load the process thereby
user can study the load disturbance on the process.
In the controller section, it compares the desired temperature and actual
temperature in terms of voltage and produces control voltage. This voltage is
compared with in built ramp signal and creates an pulse wave from with varying
duty cycle. Power isolation is provided to isolate the high voltage from low voltage
sources. In the power driver section, An anti-parallel SCR configuration is used to
drive the heater power. The PWM signal is used to trigger the SCR to conduct the
heater input voltage. Thereby heater power supply is controlled. According to the
heater triggering, temperature of the air inside the heater is controlled.

EXPERIMENT
1. Process Model
2. PID Tuning
PROCEDURE ( PID Tuning)
1. Interface the heater, blower, thermistor with VTCS 02.
2. Keep the ON-OFF / PID switch in PID position SW2 should be in downward
direction
patch the P-P1, I-I1 D-D1.
3. Set the desired temperature (35C - 95C) by varying the set value POT.
4. Switch ON the heater and blower.
5. Tune the PB, Ti, Td to maintain the process variable at set point.
6. View the response for different set points and PID value.

RESULT
Thus the PID control action on the temperature control system was studied