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Subsea Processing Terminology
Subsea Processing Terminology
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16.06.2007
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INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................................3
1.1
1.2
SUBSEA PROCESSING.....................................................................................................................6
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
TERMINOLOGY................................................................................................................................9
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
ABBREVIATIONS ...........................................................................................................................13
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1 Introduction
1.1 Document scope
This document is a deliverable from the Integrated Information Platform for reservoir and subsea
production systems (IIP) project. It is an addition to DNVs report /1/; providing information regarding
Subsea Processing Equipment.
The overall objective of the IIP project is to increase production from subsea systems by providing high
quality data to decision support systems in operation centres off- and onshore. The objective of the
project can be divided into two:
Support exchange of data between computer systems without loss or confusion of meaning of data.
To provide a platform for integration of life cycle data across multiple applications and disciplines.
Data integration is combining information derived from several independent sources into one coherent
data set. Because independent sources often have overlapping scopes, combining the data requires
overlaps to be recognized, duplications to be removed, and possibly new data to be represented.
To enable high quality data integration we must name and define things in reservoirs, wells and subsea
production facilities; resulting in a standardised terminology (name) for the things (equipment):
Poseidons task in the IIP project has been to contribute to an equipment terminology for subsea
processing systems that can become part of a ISO standard (ISO 15926).
Towards, this end this document reports the result of Poseidons work as follows:
Further work has to be done to break the equipment terms down in more detail and then to define the so
called product models (PM) for the developed terms. A PM defines the relation between equipment parts
(how they are connected). This is left to future (IIP) projects.
1.2 References
1. Subsea Production Equipment Terminology, DNV doc. 2005-1522
2. Ormen Lange Subsea System Report, Hydro doc., 37-00-NH-X15-00071
3. Design and Operation of Subsea Production Systems, ISO-13628-1
4. Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) interfaces on subsea production systems, ISO-13628-9
5. Remotely Operated Tools (ROT) intervention systems, ISO-13628-8
6. Technology strategy for Subsea Processing and Transport, OG21, October 2006
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Subsea production systems represent a cost effective solution where the expected production rate doesnt
justify a costly platform. This is often the case for marginal fields and small oil/gas pockets, which are out
of range of existing platforms. Subsea production units offer also the advantage of being less sensitive to
the sea surface conditions and to the water depths, which have made them very popular when deepwater field are designed. Subsea production systems are used as applications in:
Marginal fields, are typically small reservoirs with complex geology and limited production
potential, which makes conventional platforms economic unfeasible.
Tie-ins to existing infrastructure. The geometry and depth of a reservoir may be such that some
parts cannot be reached from a platform using conventional drilling techniques or horizontal wells.
Deep water and artic developments. Subsea production units offer the advantage of being less
sensitive to the water depths and harsh surface conditions.
More details on requirements for subsea production systems can be found in the operator companies
technical standards, as well as in relevant international standards, for example /3,4,5/.
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4 Subsea Processing
Subsea processing is not an established technology, and not a lot of subsea processing equipment has
been installed yet. Thus, a terminology has to be based on the current developments as described below.
/6/ reports that the present status regarding technology for subsea processing on the NCS is represented
by the developments of Tordis and Tyrihans for oil fields, and Snhvit and Ormen Lange for gascondensate fields. Even though these developments are technological state-of-the-art projects, subsea
technology building-blocks such as subsea compression and power- and signal transmission over even
longer distances are still unrealized. For multiphase transport the gaps are essentially related to the
production and transport of complex fluids when the transport distance exceeds what is feasible for
pipeline insulation and heating. For the lighter gas-condensate systems, there are also gaps to be closed
regarding flow modelling for very long transport lines.
In addition, recovery rates from subsea completed wells will have to increase and reach almost the same
level as platform completed wells.
Figure 4-1 The Tordis SSBI module with a subsea sepearator followed by a multiphase booster pump and a
water injection pump.
More cost-efficient solutions will be required to enable smaller discoveries to be developed. This will
require improved understanding and tools to predict the relevant transportation phenomena. This also
includes new areas such as subsea separation, subsea compression, and lightweight intervention.
Current subsea processing implementation is limited to multiphase pumping and bulk water separation.
In the future, an increase in capability and functionality is foreseen. This includes necessary equipment to
facilitate multiphase transport over long distances such as small and large scale gas compression and high
capacity multiphase pumps with corresponding high voltage power supply, efficient three-phase
separation, and subsea injection of gas and water.
More sophisticated equipment and application will impose stricter requirements on instrumentation and
control and further development is foreseen in particular for monitoring system performance.
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Figure 4-3 The Troll pilot station, for subsea bulk separation, boosting, and water injection
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5 Terminology
The breakdown of subsea processing is based on the Tordis subsea SSBI (Subsea Separation Boosting
and Injection) module, but has been generalised as shown in the figure below.
Subsea Processing
Boosting Systems
- El. Submersible
Pump (ESP)
- Helicoaxial
Multiphase Pump
- Twin Screw Pump
- Multiphase Flow
Meter
- Gas Compressor
- Riser Gas Lift
Separation Systems
- Gravity-Based
Separation
- Centrifugal
Separation
- Cyclone Separation
Injection Systems
- Injection of
Produced Water
- Injection of
Seawater
- Injection of Gas
- Injection of
Produced Sand
Electrical Systems
- Transformer Unit
- Electric Power
Distribution
Template Systems
- Subsea manifold
Well System
- Production Well,
Gas/oil
- Injection Well,
Gas, Water/Sand
Control System
- Subsea Control
Module
- Subsea Power and
Communication Unit
The figure above shows that there are seven main equipment groups in a subsea processing module:
1. Boosting system, mainly consisting of various pumps fitted for the fluid to be transported.
2. Separation system, mainly consisting of a bulk separator tailored for subsea use.
3. Injection system, mainly being a high pressure pump adapted for the fluid to be injected.
4. Electrical system, is a high voltage system being able to supply the needed power to the subsea
pumps and other equipment. Processing systems have a far higher power demand than traditional
subsea systems.
5. Template system, which are the structure that the processing system is built on.
6. Well system, which is the well completion as in existing subsea systems
7. Control system, which will provide more sophisticated control and instrumentation functions that
than today. This follows from the higher complexity of processing systems.
The three last groups should have terms defined in /1/, and are not elaborated here. However, it might turn
out in a future detailed breakdown of the groups that the terms in /1/ has to be extended with new ones
that are particular to subsea processing.
In the following you will find more detailed definitions of the terms for the seven groups, please also
refer to the enclosed Excel spreadsheet: IIP-Subsea processing terms.xls.
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6 Abbreviations
DNV
FMC
IIP
IPR
ISO
MEG
NCS
NPD
NTNU
OG21
OL
OLF
PLET
PM
POSC
RDL
ROT
ROV
SPS
SSBI
WITSML
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