Bede SSENTHL Kuma Doda Convertor — A/D % D/M Cowerrthens Dipdel-sh-onaley (/A) ond onalig-to-Aigibl(A/D) Condes condide on ettertiol Link when digitel devices inlevface Wa anaes devices, and Viktor Versa: Tere Converten ave wted in many appicshons Wor Involves a Avgijal Computer in operation For om wrbewatending we Cn Coidey the opplcahin of there Onvergert tn atvevapt Aysterm Newo-deyy , dre ot vemph Ays jem raatly ~ wy om electronies: do frrction Trot ane many aduandages (rot tbe. Aiscurred here) qf ovieg checherin Ayplers hh alvorafts (Spectfealy Jermed Avionics). Feu examples a Sack Printer mpdems trefedes Biv Dede. Syyhm, Nexigebion Sgatem, Plight conbet Agsten ede. Te frckwolidy of all dere avienis qydems ane perjornrelty a mlowrpwecevter ev move Apeciferly , a higidel Anjrel Procervers sto). There DsPa procones Ugital Angrals dred ave bingy anh Asconinnes, thereers the typeds, bo the PSs will Come from dhe Arevx dovieas. Theye Aorar devicss will Aewe dhe external world Pryseak quantikes Auch on femperadmre ak Prereve ov home extemal Forres ede Connectioy Bgidoh civeriévy ty remy dewiens i crinple, If dhe Serr devices ave inherendty Aig dhemnelver But Ave ty many adaanges, dre fertordevices ondpt dre weneoodd phyweal paidier Mp traivegeiveled cleelweal gether Cook as volbager or Commeds, Calle analog Aigraly Move cloaks, dhe DSPs wih ned dake there arales atgrals directly de Procers Trevefore: in Rove precertor-bered (hdr diel Preduch , itt te recetteny de Checbronically tramlad anclos signals ine Aigideh (Gineony) quanhioies by aneleg—do-Aeibel Cormeder, ADC xemiifiwm Performs dis desk. Tha vevege procen t alro needed becanre of tre oraleg nahie of otf davicas,-2- The reverse procest gh Converting a digicl Agrel tabs aneleg gral & pefferned by a Aigidel — be -analleg Converter, ov DAC» Tegutler, ADCs ad DACs are fbr red ta Agel agmpders de provide anplde, bbefece with arabes eres anh odpud Aewicos dre condwoh drys hems Ande a> drove wred tn modern blight Comdera) ater Bigaet Rb Weve aegsheens). Both ADC ad DAC ave allie fener as dade Coriledden. (converscion behvecn anaes ad digstel ede) Andowe row anailable a3 idgrated afveuds (Pcs) « Das mech eotier te conved? a Bigiel agrel tbs an analleg Acgnal dren 1S is de do droveverse- Tevepere, ve will begin with DAC adden os ADC [i ate DAc & wed tau ADC- Therefor, Ye have Jom pobecthend de tolkiy d DAE before Alico doe Ane] Diziet b- hal Q/A) eowetrons — Phe: A DID Converter Jakes Digpet Lode ab is inp and Covers fren oho arahes voldage av Corred Hak ft propetiond® b dhe veifted som Z Aigthed ipods : ea et yy 4 Dac. fraleg. oobpet Ls a Fig A ateple O/t Converter (3-bib) Digitat-d- Araleg converters Cor be broadly claerfied inte three cabegerin, GQ) Cowen} ody, @) Votdoge ovdput, ad 6) tretdiphying dy pe. Tre cormend— eared DAC, ar dre name Augjerts, provides cument ar dre otph Aigral, qe ve ge Whe inbemallly convets he Comrent dngral tothe veldage, Papel, The vo llege eutpad DAC tb Alowtr dhan dre cunvend oudpet PAC became qi dne datas in comachig the cuerrend signal tne dhe Ve Uege Aignek. Yarever, th many applications, ib 15 mecerseny de converComment todo Vellege by cing pea opecabionel onplifier Tre roliphging DAc is ailew dv heodben due types eccagh ids oubput weprerens de Prdet la top Agno anh be ~efeverce Awerte., ade poduch iu Linear over a brad range Concep belly , frere is nof much difference bedronn dere dmeg, dyyes 7 any DAC Gan be Vewsed oy a mulbphying DAc. Oe ca Figg Aless a back Magram fh a 3-bt Dir converter, Bt bas twee Agiteh taped Prnes Ox, D, adDo) cod one ovdpet Line for dhe crnales Agra ie Aven iepah Leer Cen avert, ergtt Q3 = 8) typed i Comrbicahans frm 000 t Il, Pr beng dhe mah n'Gpsihy cand bi KMS B) anh Do being te Laat Mguificand bit (5B): Ye the inpk anger Pow © fo AV, ican be divided ine cays epnol pools (Vp v) peach sucemnive Apa is Ye Vo Ligher flan he prewion combination (Vents ip Tip, therefore yp) Rrexample, dhe Value of LeB dor a F-bY DAc dor he 0 do Jov venje bs ate = tex = 0-039 V = 29 eN. Fieilawky, de Nele gf MSD = iipenimteine td tvs eu av kt 2 ze value) Trerepore, de PullSeake ovbpe Gi sed Fb Dac far dra 0 de dow ozo te PUb-Seab Valea mints LR fa) tov —0-otey = 7-761 ¥) Fudd Sab vale mints 4 USB: Yer ce are going do discuss dim D/h conretiend which ane sp comely red — (1) Biseny weighted Rarisdor Whe Convertor ad @) Doverted R-2R badder D/A covedder, Reporte nse strc, wlhed-ts anlled wnipetew TACS wtich giver gan only gow dive godpn For tronple, an inad of Sere Dre Pubsch will add dee weigh af die Comeaponkies Lid ’ d Vain die vel was (I)27 Hi) 2° = FV, Urerens bipclow Dhen wil give beh ee eee aati-4- Bineary We Rersdex DAC Hare, dee ingok wigrals vrepretentig apprpwale bimmy velar can ‘be Mrdabed by on opevakorel amplifier dh < Aemening neduather 4] oun in Riga Das Femotes amplifier rl) produce veytded sum Q dhe top velbeges- Gre topet vevisdes Ry, Ra, ah Ry ane selected in binary wetgited Prope tion Orr, 2---); enc hes dovkle fre vale of fre Premen verishor he Jabal erdped Coren giver by rrr———S—SsC s Mia 4 Vin + Mia R DR AR Co prety we = Se +l 4tl e Ute +4) Tre Vo lage eobpul & frey Vout = Rp Degas eee ee aiC* et 4) . “Re Vin Simthewky, Por Gb PAC, Voue = teed et) ad ko on-—s- Pr Ree Re LkR, ve fn We Wal Gs 5 Therefor, te teerwiig amp bin ontp-b 3 an crates voldage whitch repre a weighted fam gf dre digital tapas De bested fepebs = — Sh he Utne teaperuday fu Vin voltage may Naw fer different orcas) 2. Mee = WSs elas. » Stethedly fe 010, Vouk = a Gre 100, Vek = -SV ok fee 1), Vokes -8-71SV ak to om he werelntn of the Dac corepovs db Usps (15 Vv: Dor Oreny bine inpat number increares by one then tre Arakey cudgel inereayes by Losv. clerrpeecte(So+ the bie 1) : Tale 4: Blow inpad & ib analeg ondpt dor 2 THE NAcce Node + HD mod dhe DAc creat ; de binary weigided Popes ave deter from 2, P72 and re on. Gevefoe, REP EER, REF Rad te onrmene Ye deat follows puch @ binary wergiteh paper, da ontped Voldege for de DAC civenth as lows in Bg.r & giver by ae Gt a) . » (1) Gach vertspoy in te nadine sh 0 dilfferenk vole: Bante Se need do wie Peeitdon ~evisdos- x Q) Gre verister weed fer MBO vegicd handle a much faxegew Crank fran be LSB venir. Por exccwmple, in @ lo-bik DAG the Coren Memes dhe SB verde’ eel) be about S00 hmes de coseat drargl dhe LSB vertshy Far wnlarirendaig , hed wo tobe dha civenit dbewn fn Rja- Dp rearwme RYE RE 4 RA, fren dre cred dimugh che msB versd © Given by T= Mo ake boeeg, be Leh verde & D> Vin. 4R a Lrlrtws~—~”—~—C—~—~Ci—CiC'=”trsSCiSiwsCisCCiaiéiés.éE a (se) aap Joo b be overcome by “¥irg a Ria R Leddew Dac feats vent be “yesotted bebou.— R/2R (ad Lweded R/o Q) Ladder DAC: @ es) Rf2® Ladder Dir Converter vires only hue enter volves: TS ewotdy wer stance Apread deouback of binary verghded D/f Converter. Ye Ro Mh Rely R Vout » & . Berg mp Da oD, 8 De : P53: Sih ROR Baeeh laber Svett (Bead B/26 aah neva Che Ladder wen differ orby bev ijenad ge Yer ad dhe eltees oe Homo In te oppeibe sox) wr ke bien veighbeh vetvin Dac, ip abye wes slunbveyistes do Jerevare \h' binawy Weighhed carvends; however th oes ¥o Wenge sealing And Dekead versdos fodead of veridawg Sealing and Common veldage. Veference wed in binany velgtted versie DAc. Weliege scaling weguiver anaddikond Ae qf Velbage derpping pews Versdences behwean odjacend nodes ar shoun tr 5:2. Yere, each bit Hee binauny vod canneeds dre Coererpordiog Ausibeh afthew do Grek ov fp hee Inverthog, ined texmincd a} fre operxahionet emphifier vith ts ad the Vivdal ground Since bob dhe Rouhinns of suttches ave adgrouh Robenbiall, dea crveverk Hlouieg Geog vers tances (§ conde ait ts Drependendg sisch portion.ae 2R 4R Dye Wie. Me a Maan ZR aR >Re Wwe knoe Mab, WER Vp bo ger ~ 3 Newt: = — Tha Rp on usB ee oe ma a : (e+ we we) Ge 3-be pac) = Reve (A “ete G+ ee oy, Ver Ro Re tka, Vouk = “Rb tes +) Ror erate, ifdre digital inpek is lor ack be Vpa SV, then du Villege vege Vouk & giver by Vowk = -se+ o+ 5) = HS (ort e-r)= “3S Vy Preslerkyy, foro Lrbit Dac, de Voud & Fiver by, Vouk = mvp Get bt te +++ => way Semmens SB ak 1 Corres poets bo An LSB-9- rss: i-Dininh @/p) Cosenters— ADS: The Alp Cemeriten & a qpendinag proces verity on anales wi oh 2 vepverented by cap valet binacy neces) Aas te OP Ler de do dhe DA converarion frrcets Analesy- bo Digna Convertors canbe Lagpified fale to Jerowal pops beved on Ibe Conversion decbuigne. One he chulque involves Comporsies, a given analeg ar'gnal With de tabereably Generoted eapivalent Adgrek. Nes Fey tackedes deceeriive- appr cimadin, Counter and Bah(orlarenn) dope. Converters: Tre teend deckaique invelves Changing on anaes aigral indo time ~ Sreyptrery and rpanies Nore nen faramedeis Jo fereum veluer dis Gory inedies nbegreder Converters awh vellege -lo-fregeency lonveGen Que trade ye behnees be dre dechaiques tr bayed on Accuracy VA Kpeed. The Seccemve- terkaued ansil dhe Aseraler'- wetge & wed Qn Tre Coe Pa ELE A/D Corverter, Gre SAR is iv biabtred do dha are PSB LIE DA) eqpad do a degttel 47, as & fed ine be Dhe ACh Aran Gives dhe eapivaled anata ged af dic Ligideh code We de Comporntar aivenit for Comperyon with de angled iopubanalag ‘ae Vins Dp dts analeg vettege Vout) exceeds Vin, dhe compenadortre Caryes be SAR fevered us Lik @ deaned do's /)/ oheruive be Lip th hey ok “A Gren dhe nerd bit Dy ty Seb do db and he game dest y Beane, Conbianieg As binary Aearah unk every bik in he SAR bay Leen darted Gere, bh bit Do & dered) Me weselbieg, code th dhe digital APPrerlmabion of be Aampled inpad-velbage and tr finely available te the oubpub vegidher ad due end af bre —tonverriion. The bids boon on/off Wil be peered by dhe conboh Logic. Refemicy do dre opernsional die in Bq. 6, tris Cheer Are, fo veahany Cound from O00 Jo IN|, be Converter ropes G heck tye choc Claeteegcte 4 [ ee Wn de. ended Wt We choy \\le ro Neh Cae io Jos yp ten \, pon jole 3 r— eel N+ 1001 V4» love roe 8000 1000 out one Old, cote \ > ole bic 0106 a) ON gore colo. (77 28 \ \—> 000) + 0000 Fig. B . Convernton poets ini Succergve -Bypreximahen type ADC Sa ee nie ee eee Bn Jeno, dre number of chore enctles requ! ved for as Conterh'on wil ben! be en WIE A/D Converter of this hype, claves coundendype Adc veguives 2" Lace ences.“5 De obgedtten dpe Sccagmve ay prrimade dype cavermon Aroun te ne belo Plowchant: Condericon fioished, number tn wezister” 57: Pouchad be succerive approxi made dye onvertten Lep we dakete GLE R-2R Pedder Dac in ubch te Vouk b> L ee aAeh Dre V9 Ve = Ve hte 76 Leb af net Covwilerig Mme polarity, anh ie fe Veg Ve) = Sv,—\4-— der fora Ugh imped ge lotoy de emdped gf the Galas 2k Laddow bye DAc at be Vouk = Va(t + +) S (0-5 4 0. ns) = BRS ow, we Can apply cre arabes inpud of Blesv do he Go gig ficcetive- Apprrinahan bye ADC. @ine bres) | The, SOR eaccenive- agp x imadion Ave Stmds ids gedhing due msp as J Ds) w) 4wrADC = 1000 (osSr eh ab 4) perah 4 bir : rer he ovdp of ba DAc fr Mie Aigidl toda 1000 will Le Mowe = Ve ($) = sv(es) = vsN, (re Same 5V) Boe, Vee < Vin @ Bove ans v) revere, he Lik Pematn for ad A ond de need bie will tebd ok doing de peme tes - Now, Nagel ede = Lloo- ; Taen, he vty of da DAC For ds Aigitheds too uit be Nowe = s(i+4) = Sxsdorw)= BSN, . Now, Vek > Vin. Perce, Ae Lig watt Le vate deo ak be nent Lien Bred A Oak Corbtowing dre Comparten: Nou, te Ligh Gbe = lolo-I9 Pre onde J de Dre for ds Aiglil toda Lolo will be Vouk = s(t + +) = sOostons= PREV, New Vite Vin» trevedee de bit Dy remain ced abd ank he next 2 Fincl bE Do wll aed 4 ank Continuing dhe deat iv the digyeh Cole = loll and be onpedg de Dre for his deaitel code wil be : Vuk = (- ++ +45 = SOF 0-24 0-065) > = ed 7 Now Nout > Vig , derefoe ha Lik Dy wtll veretdo & ea he comverrlen preteas a finished . Pe faol Aigitel sedpud of tole val\ Le avatlette in he oubpud wegider af he Ade. = queen ve taeda tha, msB ore) a eee ee ap it gos TEE BR [EES oman Soph) | badder [ o——_| Pac 0