Kasnoanticka I Ranovizantijska Utvrdjenja U Bosni I Hercegovini

3BOPHUK 3A MCTOPMY BOCHE MU XEPUEPOBHMHE 5 RECUEIL DE L’HISTOIRE DE BOSNIE ET HERZEGOVINE 5 TIEPHIJA IITIEXAP PERICA SPEHAR KACHOAHTHUKA MW PAHOBM3AHTHICKA YTBPBEHA Y BOCHM M XEPLIETOBHHN (GAJIEBE NPOBHHUWJE JAJIMAIMIA) LATE ANTIQUE AND EARLY BYZANTINE FORTIFICATIONS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA (HINTERLAND OF THE PROVINCE OF DALMATIA) BEOIPAL 200817 KACHOAHTUYKA VM PAHOBM3AHTHJCKA YTBPBEHbA Y BOCHM MU XEPLIETOBMHU (GAIEBE MPOBUHUMJE TAJIMALMIA)! TIEPMIIA ITTEXAP ‘Tepwropuja sanaguor Bankana, Koja je omebena Kyniom u Cason Ha cesepy, JIpuuom wa ueroKy, Te Janparickum mopem Ha jyry,? Hanasuuta ce y pyro} n0- hosusit I Bexa npe H. €. NOx ANAMhy HIMpeKHX i anoNCKUX naeMena. Haxow Husa cyko6a, Pum yentoctapiba cBojy BIIACT Hay, OBUM OGMACTHMA, HaKOH C710- Ma ycraKa ayroxTouor craxoHuuirsa y Maxounjn (6-9. r. w. e.). Ha wono- ocsojenunt tepuropujasia ocHonaria je mposimussja Dalmatia, Koja ce mpy>ka- na on pexe Arsia (Pama) y Mcrpx ua cesepy, qo rpana Lissus (Jbeut) ua jyry, oGyxparajyhu m Ksapnep (Pajeukn same). Ha cenepy, mpopmmmurja Jlamwa- uja ce rpaxusuuia ca mpoRmmujoM Pannonia J, nyax munMje Koja ce Hanasu1a neuro jyxxuuje ox ToKa Cane, a 4a ucTOKY ca npoBuunjom Moesia Superior, on yutha Konyape, npexo YauKa, Map-rianme yo Jbema. Tparuue, yeno- cranmene TOKoM I BeKa H. ¢., HIICY ce Kacuije sHa¥ajnuje Mewsamte, 13y3uMa- jyhu ospajarse marser jena Tepmropuje y oxommEM KoropeKor saa 1 CKa- pa xpajem III wu noverkos IV nexa, ox Koje je bopmupaua mposmanja Prevalis, Ox je rpaumma ca nposnEnujom Moesia I, TOKOM KacnoaMTHKOT me pxona, HajneponaTunje mparuna Tox [Ipune.> Teorpadcxu nocmarpano, nposuanyja Jammangja moxe ce noxemnTH Ha yBe sone, npustopeKy u ruiamaucKy oGnacr. [Ipay oGmacr, KpamKo MpuMopje, Ka- pakrepmmse pasyhewa oGana, Kao m Mam Opoj MOAN noma MOrOMHEX 3a MOMOMPUBPeAHE AKTUBHOCTH, NOK ce Ka CeBepy, CBE 10 Gacena Cane, ysnmKy ILTAHHHe MpeKpUBeHe JCTONaNHOM H eTHHApCKOM mIyMOM, “iija BUCHHLA AO cTIDKe H mpeKo 1,800 mM, Mspasirro naHHEcKH mpegeo saneha nponmanuje Flanmanuja, onauxyje ce, MebyTHm, OpojHMM nomtMa, cMeUrreHUM Y HORHOX jy BUCOKUX HaIUNHA KOje HX OKPY-KYIY, KAO H ca NETH BeAUKa pewa TOKA (Ya, Bp6ac, Bocua m [Ipmna), Kojn ce npuGmrxuo npy2xajy no mpapny jyr-cenep. Pasawunre reorpacbcke ojMINKe, YcnOBILTe Cy Mt KIMMATCKY PasHo- 1 Pax mpe.cransa ponyrsen pecbepar, Koji je npowsrant ta mebynaposno ckyny HO- HENSIEDLUNGEN ZWISCHEN ANTIKE UND MITTELALTER VON DER ARDENNEN BIS ZUR ADRIA*, oxpxaxiom y pajGypry 2004. rosune, nox HasmBoM Late Antigne and Early Byzantine fortifications in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Hinterland of the province of Dal 2 Lpujuh 1966, 6. 3. Wilkes 1969, 46-47, 78-79: Mécsy 1970, 9-16; Mupkosuh 1994, 75.sMKocr, TaKO ja ce y upuMOpjy cpeheMo ca MejtuTEpAHHCKOM KIHMOM, OK y sasteby noMuupajy yMepeva H Hapasmra KouTMMeNTamHa KiruMa.* Maxo cy reorpaipcke okommocrn siarHo orexapane Tpacuparse nyTHHX mpa- Bana y 3aneby npormmusje Jammanuja, nocrojare cy 6pojue KoMyHMKantje, Kako Gu ce OGe36eqHO HeCMeTaHH TpaxcnOpr AparoyeHux cupOBMHa, KAO mrro cy ApBo, MeTad, co H cn. TlyTeBH cy yr1aBHOM MpaTHIM TOKOBE fOuMHA, koje cy opnjentcane y mpasuy jyr-cesep. Msyserak mpencrapya yeo nyTHe nese usmeby Catone m Cupmasjyma, na xeay tpace myra Servitium—Sirmium, Kojx je nono npexo Cibalae, kao u KOMYHNKaNje On nanaumer Capajena Ka HcTOKy, Koje cy ra nosesmmane ca pyuHM enrpuMa. [loMenyTt myrenit 7.2 the Boe Ka caBpemeHoM 3BopHmKy, Fopaxny, Yoxuny u YauKy.> Bucoxe, Henpoxonue 1ianuue, Koje ce Haase HenocpesHO u3a MpHOGAmHOr nojaca, opanKyjy ce Mam Opojem MPOXoAHAX MpeBoja, NEKO KOjUX ce MO- mo crishir 13 mpUMOpcKHX oGHacTH y YxyTpammHoct. Tako cy Ha nasi Be- nleGur nocrojaia mea npenasa, Np YeMy ce mpeKo cesepHor u3 Cerba cru3a~ io no tepwropuje Janona, y naxtamsoj Tou, x Cucka na oGant Cane, 1OK ce ua jyxuom xpajy BeneOura nanaauo nyt Koju je nowesupao JluKy 1 oGnact Pasuux Korapa. Ocum Tora, Ka YHyTpammboctu je BOxHO H mpea3 MpeKo Kaica, onaxse ce nyr nasbe npyxao Ka CHESCKOM NOY, KAO H KOMYHMKAIII- ja Koja je uparuma Tox Heperae. Taxobe nama uasojurn nyt Koju je Bono Ka joamA Yue u Cane, Kao HmyT- uu npasan, on Bypuyma ka Hapoun, Koja je mponasuo xpos Andetrium (Myh) mpexo Uuxoza slomme, a 3aTHM Kpos Cuscko u VimorcKo nome, Ka NOmmHE TpeGwxara, Koja ce nanasu Kon JbyGyunKe « Haponte. Hopes tora, nocroja- ule cy 4 TpH raapne KoMynukanurje on Canone Ka yHyTpaunpocri. Ty ce pe caera usyipaja nyT Ka cesepy, Canona-Cun (Aequum), Kom BORK MpeKO AK- vapexux Asm, 7), mpeasa [posor, xa Jmpuy u Pnamouy, a 3aTHM Ka anTH- KOM Hacesby Servitium. [Ipyru myrus npapan, Kojut je BonHO Ka ceBeposamtazy, mpenaso je mpexo Llerune Ko Mecra Tilurium, Te mpeKo mpenasa APKAHO ka Iyparsckom omy. Oxarae je yr jane BoxNo mpeKo CeBepHEX manna JbyGymta (Mons Bulsinius) xa noms Pane, a sata xpos yommmy Heperse Ka Kormuy. Torom je cxperao ka ceseposanany « mpexo npenasa Max noqno Ka oman Bocue. [lyk katona Heperee unje nocrojao nyr, Beh ce 13 o6z1a- crm oxo Mocrapa y sanebe mposunituje crusano npexo name [Iper. Jour jena Tpaca nomuia je 13 Catone mpexo lysarscxor noxa y npasuy Kynpe- ca, a NOTOM Ka ropHem sleny KOTAHHe BpGaca oxo Byrojita, re ka JTautwa o- AMM, eMeurreHo} y oxo TpaBHEka. Ocust Tora, noctojao je 1 myt on Ha- pone ka TpeGmpy xpos Tonono nose, Kojmt cy ce ua6erapate MaKe OKO Boxe # xojut je noquo no Huxmmba yomme Sere, onakie ce nae mpyxao ka Cxanpy Jbemyy.? Pomannsanuja nposmanije Hammanuja, nacerene Vupia, sanoweza je of- Max lo eHoM crsaparby. Ha mponec m mpasye puncKe KomOHNsaruje yruta- le cy pe cnera reo-KTIMATCKe OMIMKe, KAO M Pecypeit, Koji cy onpebupasit Mpuspeyny jexarHoct oxpebene oGnacr. Crora cy y sazeby somumEparit IIyMaperso, pyaapcrao, Koje ce onHocHO Ha Baberbe pyna MeTaa,® amu H Ha 4 Wilkes 1969, XXII-XXV. 5 Wilkes 1969, XXVI-XXVII. 6 Wilkes 1969, XXI-XXVII. 7 Wilkes 1969, XXV-XXVI 8 PaSalié 1975, 294-304, map I; DuSanié 1995, 219-226. TEPHUA MILEXAP- 18,KACHOABTIEIKA HPAHOBHSAHTHJCKA YIBPBEBA Y BOCHH 1 XEPUETOBITHA (GAJEBE MPOBHHLWE HARMANMIA) 19 excruioaranujy coum, Kao H MoONpuBpe/Ha HenaTHOCT ¥ BUY paraperBa 1 crowapersa, Koja je Gita OrpaHHena Ha YcKe MLIOAHe HOAMHE AY>X PeKA, Kao miro je Heperna, num nak wa pasuusiapeke mpenene y saneby, 738. noma (I: MO4KO, JIMBaHCKO...). Hoxonpujomiio Cranopummmro ce nppencrseHo orpanMm1o Ha HIDKe O611a- c™, re cy HHKIH YpGaHH NeHTpH, NOK cy ce Ha BehuM BHICHHAMA HaasiUH canto pyHHMLYH, KAO H Mambe ROjHe MocTaje Koje cy KoHTpomucane nyTHe Mpan- ne. TOKOM KacHoalTHUKOr nepHowa, cHTYaNIja ce y HATH} MepHt Meta, Oy yhn ja om1a3H 10 BapBapeKHX Hajesa Koje cy NpHMopaite CraHOBHUITBO 1a cac ToTpaxi Ha BehMM HagMOpCKHM BHCHHAMA H TexKe MpucTynatHHM, yraphewun nonoxkajuna. ToKoM jocagammux ucrpaxnpara youen je y saeby mposmmuusje Havant ja suayajax Opoj cbopruduxanuja ca KacHoaHTHTaKHM WUE panoBsaNTHjCKUM xopusontom. Haxanocr, crenen HerpaxeHOocTu mojemmux oGuacra Hnje yjenuayen, Tako na ce y Hocasmy, ay ToKa Bocue, Kao m y OKONMIH aHTH- Kor rpajla Domavia, jabmajy npasie sone, Koje cBaKAKO Hcy MocAeAUUA He- HacemeHoCTH TOKOM KacHe aHTHKe, OyAyhm Wa ce y THM OOmacTuMa Hasaze sHa¥ajum mpupogum pecypeu, nonyT monHHX joa AY: PeKe Bocue 1 we- HIX MpHTOKa, WIM PyquNKa y wero RO] Boca. Apxeonourxo mpoyyaname Bocue u Xeprerosune sanoyero je jout Kpajem XIX nexa, Kajla cy Opojuu uerpaxupauu, mpe caux B. Pazuncxn nb. Duara, ciposesiu Gpojtta pekorHocunparsa, OK cy y MojemMAUM cay¥ajeBuMa BpIie- Ha H Maia COMMMkHa HeKOaBatba. /JasbH TOK UCTpaxuBasLa OHo je mpe cue Tra yeMepeH Ha NoKamuTeTe 13 MpaMcTopujckor mepuosa, TaKo jla je Mam Gpoj KacHoaNTHUKHX yraphersa apxeonOUIKK HeTpaxeH H nyGAHKOBAH Ha ajexnaran aunt, Saxparbyjyhlt BENHKOM MoxyXBATY, Kojdl je PeaysITUpaod W3~ jaBaibem Apxeonowxo? aexcuxona Bocue u Xepyezooune 1988. roxme, omoryhen je ysu y Opojia Hanasumra KacHoanTMuKor mepHona, Maja je OH y BeauKoj Mepl oFpanuuen, Oynybu ja je SHavajHM eo HUchopMamlja caKy- TubeH MpwANKOM PeKOrHocuMparba, MMe CMO HepeTKO OcTa:m yeKpaheHH 1 3a HajocHopuuje nogarke. Tpe6a MebyTuM ncrahn ja je, no urranmarby 1eK- cukoHa, JoULIO Ao NojavaHor MHTepecoBalba 3a OBY MpoOGNeMaTHKY, ITO je OBeTO HO CONTAKHNX HcKONABAISA Ha NOKanMTeTHMa Fpapan, x Buorparut, IpHANKOM KOjuX cy caKYTIBeHH sHavajHH MonaMM. Haxasocr, HEMI nora ajar no Kojux je qouno ToKOM 90-NX FORMHA MPOMLIOT BeKA MPeKUHYNH cy MAM y BENMKO| Mepu OTeXKaTH cpa axa Mpoyyaarsa. Ha ocuosy pacrioroxuse rpabe, yrephersa ce a ocHony cuoje Hoppumtie Mo- TY MOJemMEH Ha: BeAUKa, cpejtisa H Malta yrapherba, ROK cy y noceGuy rpyny u3qpojene yrapye, ja HaM Hlompumta Hirje nosHara. ¥ mpsy rpyny cy cep crane poptucpukanuje ca noppulniom Behom ox 1 xa, y Apyry yTBpye Bemu- ume wameby 0,5 1 1 xa, a y Tpehy yraphersa nompumue Maise oy, 0,5 xa. BEJIMKA YTBPBEIbA Y npay rpyny yrepherba cuagajy cpasmepuo nemaKe dpopripuxauurje ca n0- BpUmMHOM BehoM On 1 Xa, KOje Cy YrnaBHOM cMeIITeHe MSHA PEMHUX TOKOBA WIM MIORMNX Hoa. Yrsple MOAUTHYTe HIHAR MaTOOPO}HAX MIOHHX PABHI- a NpBeHCTBeHO cy HMaue sanaraK [a oMOryhe HecMeTanY To.ONpuBpesHy akTuBHOCT, « Hope HoBTaNeHa Ha Behe HajIMOPCKe BUCHHE, ROK cy ca pyre crpante npencranmane 1 HeKy apcry caSupanx teHrapa 3a cMeurraj caKyrtbe- HUIX H MpOHSBENIEHUX HOGapa.Y saneby uposunuuje Jlaamayuja orxpusen je mann 6poj yraphewa one wp- cre, HBNX MeCT, OM KOJMX je HajGome HcrpaxeH ToKamaTeT LipKauta — Ma- xsenonau, Ho6o}. Ha oo 5 KM ceseposanajo of JLoGoja, wastan yutha Yeope y Bocny, wa ne- Boj o6am, uasasu ce yasuULeHe LIpKBexta, BitcoKO OKO 40 M, Ha KoMe je OF- kpiwew Bmuecnojun noKanurer Lipkeusa — Maxmenosan (10K. 6p. 1). Onaj OMMHaHTaH Oper, Koju KoHTpommue yuthe Ycope, Guo je samocenHyT jou! OF, ipawetopuje, ToKOM KacHOr HeomHTa, Kacne Opou3e u Muraber rBOs/leHOT [O- 6a. Tlopen upaucropujexux caojena, youenH cy TparoBit Kojil rroTu4y 113 1Ie- pHojla PuNCKe MpemactH, KacHe AHTIKe, KAO Cem BEKA, O YeMY cBeTO- de OTKpHBeHa UPKBA HM HeKportona, Koje ce naryjy y nepuon IX-XIII pexa.? Eqpapy Hop, nonrronasan crapusa, pHIMKOM M3rpastrbe CBOT TeTIBHKOBIA a HOMeHYTOM y3BMLleHy, HaMIAo je Ha OKPeTHe apxeorOUIKe Haase 0 4e- My je oGanectuo B. PamMexor, Koji je Ha oBOM mpoctopy ToKOM 1890. rost= He crIpoBeo apxeostommKa WcrpaxkHBawa,! Tipunukow ricxonapaisa Koucraronano je, mpema pewma B. PaguMckor, pa- HoBusanrHjcKo yrapheme Henpapusuor Tpanesoumuor OGmmKa, KUMeHIHja 200 at (CH-J3) x 100 m (C3-JH), Koje ce cacrojx on akpontoma u nogrpalya, Koji uMajy npuGausHo ery oRpuny (ca. 1). boprucuxanuja je wsy3eTHO joGpo nosmMonupara, Gynyhu ja je ca cBNX crpaua, ceM Ha ceneposanany, oxpyxxea CYpMUM naguHana, Bejlemu yTapbera, mupune 2M, uMajy amma HANIEHGeHa Of HaH3MenIHO KOCO TIOCTABNCHOT KaMeHA TlopesaHtor Ma:tTepOM (rexstuxa opus spicatum), ox ce waMeby Hanasn rpnawan. ToKom uspaze yraphewa kopuuhene cy puMcKe crommje, Koje Hajseposarmisje MoTHYy ca Apyrnx nokanurera, Ha KojiMa ce Hastaze Karmuen rocacheru Cerruntitjy Ce- sepy u Jymujut Jona, kao u peTepannma I koxopre Bearuartopym, onHOCHO Ixoxopre uanuje Xucnantopym. 3uqune yraphersa Oue cy ojavane Kyaama npanoyraoor u rparesommiior OGmnKa, Ges sufla ca samre crpane, Koje cy TOMBaHe Ha MecTY Mpenamarsa Oepena, Ocum Kya Ha siunawa, youetta je u kysta Henpaswmor npaBoyraoxor OOmHKa, Koja ce HasasiiIa Ha Hajsiuo} ‘rauku akponioma.!! Topeg nasenenor, osoj rpynu yraphera npamanajy u enenehn noxanreru: Osan Tpay— "ene, Bocancxn Hon (110K. Gp. 2), 16,5 xm jyroncrouo on Bo- caucxor Hopor. IIprmkom peKorHocumpaisa, KOHCTaToBaua je Kpy>kHa Ky- gia npesuuxa 10 sm, Kao u cboca ncripen yraphera. (AL BiH 1988, 02.74, 38—'B. Bactep) Kanaypa ~ Jenammuosuu, Cancun mocr (10x. Op. 3), 11,3 xm jyrosanazuo on ‘Cancxor mocra. (AL BiH 1988, 10.109, 147—B. Uosuh) Tpagmua (pagan) — Passo, Kynpec (nox. 6p. 4), 54 xm jyrouctouxo of Jaj- ua. Ha onom noxammrety Hamaan ce yraphere Tpoyraovor o6sHKa, YOKBUpe- Ho Gegemma ca {Be CrpaHe, AOx je tpeha samtuhena crpMom naguHom. Ka- nuja, Kpo3 Kojy ce yaasn0 y yrapy, umpoxa je 2,15 mm HanasH ce na ueTOu- oj crpanu. (AL Biff 1988, 12.91, 178 -'B. Bacnep; Bacuep 1953, 337) 9) Radimsky 1891, 251-252, 258-260; Cremosnik 1951, 249; AL BiH! 1988, 04.14. Crkvina — Makljenovac, Doboj (D. Basler), 62-63. 10 Radimsky 1891, 253-257. 11 Radimsky 1891, 253; AL BéH 1988, 04.14. Crkvina — Makljenovac, Doboj (B. Basler), 62-63; Basler 1972, 54. TEPHIYA WIEXAP. 20KACHOAHTIUKA WPAHOBH3AHTHICKA YTRPBEIBA Y BOCHH XEPIEFOBHHML (GATEBE NPOBMEIWE HATIMANIIA) 21 CULL. UPKBHHA-MAKIGEHOBALL FIPEMA BASLER 1972, FIG. 28 Tpanan—Moxponor — I'yave, Buicoxo (0x. 6p. 5), 10,2 xm jyrosamanHo of, Kaxwa. (AL BiH 1988, 14.79, 19 — M. Bojanoscxn) Tpanuna —Penuhu, [lysuo (10K. 6p. 6), 21 km jyrosamajHo ont Jlysna. (AL BiH 1988, 23.115, 266 - B. “Losuh) YTBPBEIbA CA MOBPIIMHOM Off 0,5 HO 1 XA ‘Yrwphewsuna cpenise nemmame npananajy dboprubuxaruje suutectpyke Ha- Mee, Koje cy ce yriaBHoM Haasiie Ha RehUM HayMOpCKMM BucuHaMa. Cme~ MNTeHe Ha MOBO/SHUM TONOXajHMa, Morse cy HMATH ysKujy pecbyrujyma, auIM M CTpATeWIKEX TaYaKa ca KOjHX cy KOHTPONNCAHN MyTHE MpABINE KO} CY nosesnsanu pyjuuxe ca ypOanmn yertpuna. Mayserax npeyicrasa z0Kas-ter Moropjeao, #a KoMe ce HanaaH, 3a caja, jenuno nosHaro yraphetbe y 3a- seby nposuunuje Jammauuja, koje je TOKOM KacHoaHTu4Kor nepuona G10 cneurreno y papas Bynyhut na cy TOKOM jocaqaumbux HerpaxkuRawa, HopeR peKorHocHuparsa, na nojenuHun yrepheruma cnponeyena K conaxna HCKOMABAHA, U3ABajaMo HeKOMUKO NOKaMHTeTA UHjH HAM crenlem ueTpaxeHocTH oMoryhapa BIR ¥ 2XKUBOT TOKOM KACHOAHTHKOF TlepHojia. Y Gausinor Yareune, oko 2 xo jyrosananHo, Haast ce 1oKamuTet Moropje~ no (10x. 6p. 7), re ce, ememrreHa Ha Opexymxy, Hanasn popracbuKarsja, ju Menauja 92 m (CH-J3) x 75 m (C3-JM), Kojy je wsmeby 1899-1903, rouse wc- ‘rpaxxupao K. Hav (cx. 2). Cymehu mpema nocanamsint pesyararima WeKkona- Barba, Ha OBOM MecTy je TOKOM I ReKa H, €, HOAHTHYTO BeHKO MpHBpEILHO uMae ca mpaTehuM oOjekTHMa, 3a TOyMUpHRarbe NOTpeOa craxoBNMITBA o6mmxwe Hapone, koje je Hacrpajano y noxapy TOKO III Bexa. [Ipummkom oGuone, Koja je yenenuna y IV BeKy, MOgurHyT je GeneM OKO HMatba, ojatar a YrnoBMMa HeTypeHIM KBaqpATHHM KYTaNA, AMMEHsHja 7,5 M x 7,5 M Ha ce- Bepy, 3anayly HjYTY, [OK Ce Ha HCTOKY Hanasiia yBy¥eHa Kpy2Ha Kya, mpes- Hua 7,5 M. Tpmnikom noyuraaisa yrapye, HOUrTOBaHH cy aHTH'KK MpwEMATHt arpayttee, no Koja je wiTana yHyTpamsocr Guia nopemexa Ha YeTHpH jle- la jigeMa maBHUM yammaMa, cardo u decumanus. ¥ yrapherse ce Mors10 mpi CTYTNTH H3 eTHPH MpaBra, MpH YeMy cy TpH KaMHje Grune aaNKupante ca 10 Be HICTYpeHe KBanpaTHe Kyme, NOK ce Ha jyroHcTONHO} crpaHit Hamla3Ho Ma~ oil ysra3 ojavian jemHoM KpampaTHOM KysIoM. Vayrap GeyeMa wasase ce HH- KOpHopupann jeoBK paliujer MOOMpHBpeAKOr KoMILIeKca (npocTopuje passimanror Kapaxrepa), Koje cy H ase Guue y ynorpeOu, Kao H jeqHocnpar- Ha mamara.!? Ha ocwosy npouabenor Hosa Xonopuja us 388. ronae, oTKpuBeHor y cxo- jy ropema, cmarpa ce a je yrspna Hacrpaasa Kpajem IV, nouerKom V BeKa. [Bynyhit ga je KOHCTaTOBAHO HAKHAHO 3asubuBaHe SAMANHNX, KAO H CyKaBa- the HCTOMHUX BpaTa, MOXKE Ce JAKBYNTH Ja je MOCTe HesaNpAMBOT BApBAP- cKor Hazera cbopruduxanmja Guta OGHOBMeHa, a 3aTHM, MOHOBO, NpHBpeMe- no wanynrrena,!3 Toxom VI zexa, yrepherse je noHoB0 Kopumtheno, 6ynyhu qa cy Taya, y ce- BepHOM yruly yrapberba, Ha NpOcTopy HeKajlabe NanaTe, MOMMTHYTE ABE Up- xse. Cenepia upksa uma nuMexsuje 21,40 m (]-3) x 14,05 « (C-3), u mpen- craBma TpoGpomi THM ca HaOcoM, MpH Yemy je ceBepHU GPO NonemeH Ha ap onaje, on ROjUX eHTpAIHA HMA KpcToGpazxy macumny. Ca crlomalne crpanie ancuge nomurnyre cy Tpit rpoOHMme MpasoyraoHor OOMUKa, Be ca cenepue u jequa ca jyxxne etpane. Hacympor cesepHoj, jyaktia upKBa je jenHo- crapuujer o6muxa, 6ynyhu a ce cacroju on jenor 6pona ca Haocom. Fhene uMensuje waHoce 18,5 m (M3) x 10,40 m (C-J).!4 Topen wanenennx rparoga apxuteKtype, Ha mpoctopy Kojit je 3aysuMas10 yraphewe, Kao m y terosoj HenlocpeqHo} GwsHHH, HcTpaxeHH cy "TparoBit KachoanTHuKe u Kacnuje cpenmonexonue HeKpoone. inax, Gynyhu ya Hnje 12. AL BiH 1988, 25.224. Mogorjelo, Capljina (D. Basler, N. Mileti¢), 331; Dyggve, Vetters, 1966, 2, 7-44; Basler 1972, 38-41. 13, Basler 1972, 42. 14 Dygave, Vetters, 44-51, Basler 1972, 97-100. IEPA IITEXAP.iL MOTOPIENO, MATUBHEIA, IIPEMA BASLER 1993, FIG. 3-4cauypana TepencKa jokyMeHraumja, Te ya OTKpuBeHM Hanasit HUCy MmyGMNKO- aH Ha ayleKBaTan 1a4uH, HeMoryhe je ca curypHowhy HsspumTH eTHEKO XpoHONOMIKo ompesteserse.!5 Haxon pacnaja werTpamue BnacrH Ha OBMM MpocropHMa, HOULIO je jlo Hany- urrama Moropjema, koje je 1oHOB0 HacTaiexo ToKOMt VIII BeKa, cyjtehi npe- Ma nazlaay patloKapomuMunKe nojacHe rapaurype.!6 Oxo 10 Km ceweposanagno on Buxaha, uanasu ce yrepherse Byrap pax (Tpamma) — Popa Tara ~ Byrap, Burxah (10K. 6p. 8), cMemteno y3 necty oGany Kopane. [Ipummxom oOwiacka tepena, Koucrarosaite cy pyutenmite yrppye #3 nepnoya IV-VI pexa, umensuja 158 x (M3) x 50 m (C-1), Koja je Guta nojemexa 3ujoM Ha NcTOuHH (aKportom) H-3araHK (NoArpabe) jeo (cH. 3). ¥ ymapheme ce ynasuno ca sanaque crpane, rae ce Hamasuaa Kanuja qbxanxupana ca ype Kpyaxne xysre, [lope ope Be, KoHCTaTOBaHe cy jou Tp kyme mlenrManor OGAMKA, Of KOjMX ce jena HaasuNa Ha cnojy HompesHor ima jyaxHor Geylema, & ypyre jee, Ha HeTOUMOM Kpajy jyxHor GeneMa, Kojit je ouurnenuo 6uo uajyrpoxennju. Tpanuxom uarpamrse GeneMa, Koja je pa- hen y rextuus opus mixtum, kopuuuhene cy 4 onexe ca narmucom (H)ERACLI. Yuyrap axporioma, orkpunena je # Maia IpKRa TOTORO KBampATHe OCHOBE, muscenuja 16 w (M3) x 14m (C-I).17 Y Gawsnun Knysa, oxo 25 kM ceneposanaquo, nanayy uspopunrra Carte, wa asi ce aoxanurer [pay ~Toprsu BpGssaun, Kosys (10K. 6p. 9), Koji je cme Iren usta tyGoKor Karbona noToKa JIysuuue. 3axBamyjyhn cBom no-TOxajy, nomenyrit mpocrop je jom ToKOM mpastcropujcxor nepitosla Kopuuther Kao rpajuia, Ha GH MlocHe BHIMeBeKOBHE May3e, y BpeMe KacHle ANTHKE OHOBO Guo sanocepuyr. Crom pomejcKe mpeanacrH Ha oBHM MpocropuMa [oBeO je nonoBO j10 KpaTKOTpajior Hanymrrarsa, Ja Gu ToKOM VIII w IX BeKa, upema pesuMa Herpaxirna‘ia, OU 10 HOBOF Hacesbapaisa.|8 Tipunixom semubanux pajtona, cnposenenmx 1966, roxmme, youenHt cy Ha oBOM notecy TparoB KaMeHor 3ifjfa BesaHor ManTepom. Crora cy HapeyiHe Be TO- Cu. 3. BYTAP FPA (CPARMHA) —TOPIA TATA -BYTAP, BAXAR, IIPEMA RADINSKY 1893, FIG. 26 15 Basler 1972, 47; Mileti¢ 1984, 387. 16 Wemer 1961, 241-242. 17 Radimsky 1893, 51; Basler 1972, 54-55; AL BiH! 1988, 01.10. Bugar Grad (Gradina) ~ Gornja Gata — Bugar, Bihaé (D. Basler), 14. 18 Basler 1972, 52-54; AL BiH 1988, 10.63. Grad ~ Gomi Vrbljani, Kljué (V. Paskvalin), 144, HEPHUA MITEXAPKACHOAHTHUKA, MPAHOBU3AHTHICKA YIBPBEIA ¥ BOCHHH. XEPHIEFORMHM GATEBE IPOBHHLWE JAIMAUUIA) 25 jue npenysera coMjakHa MCTpaxksBalba, TOKOM KojHx je Ha Bpxy YIBMIEHA youeHa rpaguia 43 rBOIAeHO JOGA, Ha KOjy Hamexe KacHOaHTHUKa yrBpya (IV-VI nex) pumensuja 110 m (C-J) x 65 m (H-3), Kog Koje cy Genemu orkpu- ReHH caMO Ha CeBepHoj i 2aMajlHo] CTpaHH, OK cy ce Ha HCTOKY H Samajty Ha~ alasue crpMe namie (ci. 4). ToKOM McKoTaBaiba, KOHCTaTOBAHH cy Geen Ge3 Kya, pabenm TexHUKOM opus incertum, MUjst Cy TeMesHH OHI IUIHTKO YKO- nan y 3encby, y yun of, 0,30 M. OcuM Tora, OTKpHBeH je H MpsLIas YrBp- bemy ca cemepue crpane, ta KojeM ce Hasasiia H fossa, KAO M ynas Ha samay- Hom Geyemy.? Ocum sua, wa cesepxoj crpanm yraphesa orkpusena je rpabesuud mpu- caowena y3 cepepHnt Geqem. FIpema pykosoquony HcKonaBaiba, V1. Bojanos- CKOM, pafiit ce 0 cTaMGeHOM KOMIVIeKcy AuMeH3Hja 23,45 x 9,90 M, HaMeRe- HOM BOjHOj HlocanH, Koju je uapabert ON NOMeHOr H MpHTecaHOr KaMeHA NO Be3aHor MasiTepoM. Kommtexc ce cactoji oy 1eHTpaine ogaje HenpaBiHOr apanesounuor oGmka, musenauja 10,10-11,10 « (M-3) x 9-9,90 « (CI), y Kojy ce npuerynano ca ucroune crpaxe. Mis nenrpasue npoctopuje ce toro yaasu0 y Offajy ca suaHOM mehut, a 3 He Y MarbY Mpocropajy muMeHsIja 530 m (C-I) x 2,28 m (H-3), Koja je, Moxa, umana cymxuujy kyxnupe. To (1.4, FPAM.-POPIH BPB.DAH, KIbY4, IIPEMA BASLER 1993, 1G. 20-21 19 Bojanovski 1967, 119-120; Bojanovski 1968, 156-157; Basler 1972, 52-4; AL BiH 1988, 10.63. Grad = Gomji Vrbljani, KIjué (V. Patkvalin), 144,pent cramGevior KoMmuteKea, KoHCTaroBama je M uerepHla Uspahensa o xupa- YaHMHOr MasITepa, Ca NOsOM Of, OneKa.20 Ceneposanaquo on Bama lye, wa ynamenocrat on 35 xm, Hasiasit ce OKA ‘rer 3enosu — Yapaxono, [Ipujenop (10K. Gp. 10). [puzmKost xpahux ucrpa~ >xxuBatba, KoucTaTonana je MpantcTopujcka rpasumia 3atocemmyra jout TOKON eneomitra, Ha Kojy HasexXe KacHoaHTHUKO yraphere Henpasimior opaHOr oGrmxa, juumensija 130m (C-J) x 50m (H-3) (cx. 5). Y uumwy nerpazxnparsa YuyTpatubocru yTapre, OTBOPeH je Y HCTONHOM fey KOHTPONHH POB, OPH jeutrucam y npasity cenep-jyr, ux70 je omoryhus10 a ce nopex mpaicropnjcKe Koxcraryje « Marepujanua KysTypa pumckor mepuoxa. Ocunt cnojena nace- JbaBatba, KOHCTaTOBana je, y jyASHOM jlery yrspherba, rpabesuna Henpasyn- HOF TpanesongHor OGmuKa ca Tpu onaje, wuje puMeHsuje usHOce 15 x 15 M, Kao H ABOMeTHM OGjexar puMensuja 15 (C-J) x 10 xt (M-3) y cenepuom ne~ ay yrapheta, ve npaxoyraowa ipxwa ca HapreKcom, umensitja 20 M (CH-I3) x 10 m (C3-JM), y uenrpasHom peny yrspbena.?! — CU 5. 3EMOBH, PEMA BASLER 1972, FIG. 26 Tlopen wanenenux yraphera, y ony rpyny ciapajy m opruduKanje caus HX UMeHSHja, KOje cy OTKPHBeHe Ha CHenehHM AOKamHTeTIMA: Jlowe Bprove 1 — Jlowe Bproue, [Ipsap (10x. Gp. 11), 5,3 xs ceseposamasto on JIpsapa. (AL Bi 1988, 11.31, 147 —B. Yosh) Tpaqmna—Ipxosun, Bocanexo Ppaxono (10K. 6p. 12), 33 kM jyroucrouno on, Tpeapa. (AL BiH 1988, 11.61, 162 —B. “Losuh) Tloxosan, (Ilyxonatt) Xarruhn, Coxostan (10K. Op. 13), 45 kM ceseposartan- Ho on Buunerpana, (AL Biff 1988, 17.277, 105 — B. Ponenapma) Komrryp — JlaGpma, Cronay (s10K. 6p. 14), 8 kM cesepoucrouno o9 Crona. Yuyrap yTupbersa, Koucraropane cy j1Be YBY'eHe Kye KBaNpAaTHe ocHOBE, kao # upKsa y epestmumsem remy. (Bacnep 1972, 90; AL BiH 1988, 20.311, 184 ~B. Bacaep) Tpagan— Xaxamthu, 'aamou (0K. Gp. 15), 5,5 kM ceneposananuo on TnaMo- ua. ¥ oxpupy yraphera youeute cy que rpahenune u nucrepsa. (AL Bill 1988, 22.66, 238 — B. Tamxsanun) Benuxa rpagunta - Benaxu KaGauhn, Jusuo (xox. 6p. 16), 5 xo on Juba y mpasiy ceseposanajia. (AL BiH 1988, 22.275, 250 - B. Yosh) 20 Bojanovski 1967, 119-120; Bojanovski 1968, 156-158. 21 Cremofnik 1956, 137-138; Basler 1972, 5S. TEPHIIA WINEXAP 26KACHOAHTHYKA HPAHOBH3AHTHICKA YIBPBEWA Y BOCHH XEPHETOBHHM (GAIEBE NPOBMELIDE JAIMAUMIA) 27 MAJIA YTBPBEIbA Tpyny Manx yraphewa npercrannajy boprucuxannje ca nospumHos oft 0,5 xa, Koje cy Morne uMaTH jBojaKy (yHKuMjy, MonyT yrapqa mperxoHe rpy- me, Te cy cTora paBHoMepHo pacnopebene Kako pK MYTHEX mpapana, re cy Mane dbynxumjy KonrpoaTux nynkrona, Tako st Ha BehMM HasIMOpeKEM BIC Hana y cnojcrsy pecpyrnjysca. aaxo je noanar sehu Gpoj cpoprudpuxanssja koje mpurragtajy oBoj rpymt yrepherba, cera HeKosMKo Hx je apXcONOUIKH UCTpaKeHO MyTeM CONsaxKHUX HC~ Kortapatba, Taxo sla he peayaTarH Mpoysanaiba KACHOANTHMKOF Ht pPaHoBH3aH- ‘nujeKor nepuona 6urH npenoveHn Ha ocHoRY TpH NOKAMHTeTA. Ha oxo 30 kM jyroucrouno on Kara, na Gpery Koj ce y3quoxe oKo 40 Mu3- Haji oma KOje KONTpOAMIe, HaNasH ce NOKanHTeT Mpagan—Jlenenuua—Xo- Mosh, Kucesbak (110K. 6p. 17). Toxom HcKonapaisa cnponeyenmx 1931-1932, rome, om crpaxe B, Cxaputha, yrapheuo je ta ce pay 0 BitmecnojuoM s10- KaNuTeTy MPBOGUTHO HACTaHeHOM TOKOM HeoauTa. lopes rpaucropujckix cnojesa, KoHcraropanm cy m KacHoanTHuKu pecpyritiym ca upKBoM (V-VI Bex), KAO H cpeyHOBeKOBHA HeKponona.22 TIpwauxos apxeonourxux nerpaxkuparsa, yrapheno je 1a cy Gexenut ca cpinx crpauia oKpyxxunanu miaro (ca. 6), suje puMeHanje uas0ce 70 w (M-3) x 50. (C-J). Tom mpusmxom youes je ca yxyrpamise crpawe cesepxor Geena, 1a cpemMMbem eay, MpaBoyraouH OGjeKaT, Koji caja {Ba HeTORA cMaKHyTA xpaka, [omeHyri oGjekat Morao Ou HMaTH yHKunjy Kyste. OcuM Tora, He ‘rpaxena je u NoTepHa Ha 3anaHOM GeyeMy UEpHHe OKO 1,2 4.23 Y cepeposariaquiom yray yraphersa nama3u ce, yknonmena y Geeme,24 upKBa gunensuja 23.5. (M3) x 14,5 m (C-), anja je ancna n3Gavena san mpas- 1a mpy>kasba Gexema. Pau ce o rpabesunn Koja je uMana HapreKe M KpCTHO- iy ca jee oaje, y Kojy ce cHIa3H0 MpeKO TPH crenleHHKa H Ha Taj HATH gonaanuio o KperoOpasue nuciume. BOW Oposlosu oxor oGjeKra Tosese- ‘MM cy Ha jjBa sleta. TOKOM KacHOaHTHUKOr Nepmoya, KAKO ce UHHH, y HPKBH je W3BPIIeHO yKonaBamwe YeTUPH CKesTeTA, Of KOJHX ce jeslaH Hasla3n y jy>KHOM, a mpeocrasta Tpu y cesepuiom 6pony (ext. 7).25 oxamrret Epagan (Himmsaa) — Tops Koropau, Umuya (nox. 6p. 18) waa- aut ce 15 KM jyxxHo ox Capajena, y jyrocrounom jeny Capajesckor noma, Ha Opery Koji ra KouTposmute, Ha BPxY OBOF YSBIIEHA HAAS Ce THIATO sIUMeH- suja 115 we (C3-JM) x 40 w (CH=I3), sanje ce magune crpmo cnyurrajy (ca. 8) Bygyhu na je na jyroucrounoj x cesepozanaguoj crpannt naruG Gnax, one ce nasasn myr, KojsiM ce npsurasn yraphersy. Ha cpemmnn mopyaxne Oce matoa, Ha saa ce Hajanuia TauKa y BImy Crewe, of Koje Tepent napa y ceuM npaniuina2 22 Skavié 1932, 1, 8-20; AL Bill 1988, 14,78, Gradac — Lepenica — Homolj, Kiseljak (. Basler, N. Mileti), 19. 23 Skarié 1932, 1, 8-20. 24 Vern npmuyin upunessusas je u ua npocropy mposmunuje Moesia I. Ynopenwrn Je- remié, Milinkovié 1995, 210-211, Abb. 3. ‘25 Skari¢ 1932, 8-20; AL BiH 1988, 14.78. Gradac — Lepenica - Homolj, Kiseljak (D, Basler, N. Mileti), 19. 26 AL BiH 1988, 15.105. Gradac (Ilinjata) ~ Gornji Kotorac, llidéa (D. Basler, L. FekeZa), 44; Feketa 1990, 155-158,Cu. 6-7, PPATIALL- HENIEHHIIA -XOMO%B, KUCEIAK, MIPEMA SKARIC 1932, FIG. 4-5KACHOAHTHEIKA UM PAHOBH3AHTHICKA YIBPBEWA ¥ BOCHH H XEPLIEFOBHEH, GAREBE NPOBHELE JANMAUINA) 29 Tloxammrer je neoma panto ocneo y -xIDKy apxeonoMKux HHTepecoBalta, Gy- ryhu na je 1926. ronuse B. Ckapuh cmposeo Ha os0M mpocropy HicKonaBara. Kaxo pesyarar ucrpaxuparsa nucy oGjasmenn, J. Kopomen ce neKommKxo peuenja Kacusije npuxsaruo OGpage osysaxux Hazasa, [Io pamer HOMaKa y Tpoytaparby, toumt0 je Kpajeat 80-sx ronuHa MPOULIOT BeKa, Kaya cy 1a OBOM morecy cnponeneHa HoBa, conMaxKHA HerpaxiBatba.?7 Tokom 1ickonanawa, youen je npancropujcku on6paMGexu oMoray, Ha KOjit Halexe KacHoaMTHNKH GejeM KOjM MpaTH UBHNE MuTaTOA, HAMUHeH ON KAMC~ Ha uw Mastrepa, uja mupstia napupa on 0,8-1 m. Yuyrap Geema KocTaTORa- xa je u jemmoGpogua upkea auMmersuja 14 m (M3) x 9 m (CJ), Koja je cpojom ceBepHOM crpaHoM yKmyvena y Genem. Lipkpa je wspahena Texiukom opus incertum w cactoju ce on HapreKca, Haoca jy>kHe mpocropuje. ToKOM Kacumjer mepuoga y ynazy y jyxkuy onajy yxonau je jenan, a y cesepoucrounm yrao Hap- ‘rexca joni wpa ckenerHa rpoGa.?8 ‘Ha 12,5 KM jyrosanageo ox Mocrapa Hanasm ce noKanwrer Buorpamt — JI anrmye, Mocrap (10K. 6p. 19), Koji je cmeurren na Gpexys.xy qumensuja 90 (C3) x 40 st (CH-I3), ca Kora je xourpomucano MocrapeKo Garo. Hisy- seran moaoxaj GpexymKa pau je mpuneTHo B. Panuncxat, Koja je Ha oBOM Mecry jou 1894, rogue youuo Tparose (popruduxaruje (cx. 9)29 Tipwmkom uckonapama, cmpopeyeHHx roTono ‘mrTan Bek Kacttje, KoHcTaTO- nana je yrapaa noquruyta 3a Bpeme puncke mpewiacrH, TOKOM IIT wt IV pexa. TOKOM w3rpagise Geyema, wuja uMpuua Bapspa on 0,6-0,7 st, KopumheHa je Texnmxa opus spicatum, Koja je Guna npuMerena M Koy H3rpayiee [Be Kyse, Koje cy cbnankupane ys1a3 ca cenepue crpane. Yayrap yraphersa youen je Sku 6poj rpabesuria cmeurenux ny>k GeneMa, Koje cy, HajBepoBarHnje, eny- 2KuuIe 3a CMeUITaj Boje Mocage. Tope opaja 3a crawoBare, KoHCTaTOBAHe Cy 1M MlOPyMcKe mpocropuije ca XHAPayNMHUM MaurTepOM, Y KOjMMa ce CKYTLDa- Jla KMMIAMMAa, Kao M mpage wKCTepHe OGNOxeHE Ha MeTH Ha4HH.2 Tipema H. Upemoumux, xoja je nonwia uckonapama, yrspaa je momurnyra ‘roxom III wnt IV gexa, ia Om pen Onackomthy on KACHHjEX BapBapcKUX Ha- aera, cuctem yrephunaisa Oo OHEKMe MOAN pHKOBaH TOAHsaEM NOTHTO- HANHUX Kya, KAO 1 MpOTeHXHIMe. SaMMMEHBY NOjaBy mpercrapz4a oOjeKar YkubyeH CBojOM HCTOMHOM CTpAHOM y Geylem, c Tun Ha je jenax Heo OGjeKra, Xojirmra OOmitK anicute, W3GavieH usBaH MpaBya Npyxkatba Geena, Bynyhw Ae PYKOBONMIAN HeTpaxURAHA MOMeHYTH OOjeKaT AecbuAMMe Kao KysIY, ocTaje ‘OTBOpEHO MMTAIbE ja Ce H OBE MOXKHa PAH O UPKBH YKTOTBEHO} y Geneme, Kao ITO je cny4aj ca NpeTxonHa Ba NOKamMMTeTa (10K. Gp. 17 w 18)! ‘Ha ocony caxymmenor marepyjaa, Moxke ce saxnysurH sa je yrepiia KOpH- athena TOKom IV Beka, 0 NeMy cBenOve H Hanasi Gponsaxe HapyKBUUe i KP- cracte ebuGyze (cx. 10/1-2). Tipex Koncrarom onackomhy, yrspia je o6HO- suena y VI sexy, Ha mira ynyhyje wanas dbuGys1e ca nocyspaheHom cTomoM (a. 10/3), kao nm amcbope (ca. 10/4). Yrapna je noxono Guna y ynorpeGut To- Kom VIII u IX nexa on nonyzayuje Koja je, npema peuuma H. Upemousutx, 27 FekeZa 1990, 155-156. 28 Fekea 1990, 158-161. 29 Radimsky 1894, 442-443. 30 Cremosnik 1989, 83-89. 31 Cremosnik 1989, 89-92.(COL 8. TPATIAL (HUI AMIA) - POPE KOTOPALL HIIMUIA, TIPEMA PEKEZA 1990, MAP 1om IEPHUA MINIEXAP 3031 2 260 (CA. 9, BHOTPAUIM — AHUITHLIE, MOCTAP, TIPEMA CREMOSNIK 1989, 85, Maa CHOBENCKE OWIKe, AnH je OHA NOx ¢ppanasKuM yrunajem, 4eMy y mpmaor rosopy OTKpuBeHa Mamy3a.32 Tipeocrana yraphersa koja cuajajy y oy rpyny Hanae ce ua cnenehaM noKa- surreTinaa: [pana —Topisa Herposnna, Kanecuja (10x. 6p. 20), 12,7 xm jyrouerouno on Tyane. (AL BiH 1988, 07.27, 106 -"B. Bacnep) Bpuruh —Tpaguma, Topise Parkouo ~ Vishnu, Kany (10x, 6p. 21), 12,5 xm ceneponcrouio ox Knyva. (AL BiH 1988, 10.202, 151 — B. Yosuih) Xpemun Ppax— Ywrayun, Coxonan (10x. 6p. 22), 37,5 KM ceneporananio on Bumerpana. Ha noKammrrery cy npusIMKoM oOuacKa TepeHa KOHCTaTORAH ojHM Genera. (AL Biff 1988, 17.149, 99 — B, Posenapuna) T pag Buorpag ~ 3a6phe, Koran (10K. 6p. 23), 2 xm ceneposanagno on Ko- muna. (AL Bill 1988, 21.97, 213— I. Aubenuh) 32 Cremoinik 1989, 89-92.(Ci. 10, BHOTPALEM = IMITATE, PEMA CREMOSNIK 1989, T. IIL, FIG.2, Tpagan—Torouanu ~Muxassepuths, Jiusuo (10K. Gp. 24), 5,3 xa on JInpna y upasuy jyroncroka. (AL Bi 1988, 22.68, 238 — M. Bojanoscxu) Tpajuta — Jlowu Pyjum, JIupso (10x. Op. 25), 25 KM ceseposanaio of Jun- na. (AL BiH 1988, 22.71, 239 — B. Yosuh) Tpanuua — Togrpanuua (Kamencka), Pnamou (110K. Op. 26), 4 xx jyroucrou- xo og Taamoua. Hipuauxom o6usaca reperta, youena je boca ca sanayne crpante. (AL BiH 1988, 22.81, 239 ~ B. Tamxsansn) Tagua —Pajuuxe, 'aamox (10K. Op. 27), 7,6 km ceneponcrouno ox I'namo- a, (AL BiH 1988, 22.89, 240 — B. Yosh) Tpequne —Torovanu, JInsuo (10x. Gp. 28), 6,5 xx oy JIusua y mpasuy jyro- ucroxa, (AL Bill 1988, 22.118, 242 — B. Yosh) Keewhena rpaguna — Yene6uh, Jupuo (10x. Gp. 29), 25,5 kM ceseposanayHo on Sapna, (AL Bil! 1988, 22.159, 244—B. Yonuh) Mapesuha rpaquua — Crapo ceo ~ Hapesnna, 'namox (10x. 6p. 30), 0,2 x jyroucrouso og Pnamoua. (AL BiH 1988, 22.186, 245-246 — B. Yosuth, T. Da- aut!) Tpanmna (pax) —Tpanan, Mocyusje (10x. Gp. 31), 36 xa jyroucrounto of Jlys- na. (AL Bill 1988, 23.93, 264 -"B. Bacnep, M. Kpanepuh) MEPHIA UINEXAP. 32KACHOAHTIUKA, MPAHOBHSATHICKA. YIBPBERA BOCHH 4 XEPLETOBMH GANEBE MPOBHHMHE SAIMAUVIA) 33 Tama —Herxa, Jlysnio (nok. 6p. 32), 4,5 kM cesepoucrouno on Hyssa. (AL BiH 1988, 23.104, 265 — B. Yosuh) Tpamuna — Tpucoje — Mepxosnbu, Jlyauo (0x. 6p. 33), 13,5 xm on Slypua y mpanny jyrosanana, (AL Bi 1988, 23.114, 266 — B. Yosith, M1. Bojanonckin) YTBPBEIA CA HEIIO3HATOM IOBPIIMHOM TloceGuy rpyny yraphema npencransbajy 10KamuTeTH Ha KojmMa cy mpym- KOM PeKorHocparsa youeuH (bopridbukaliMOHM eneMeHTH H TparoBit MaTe- Pujaiue Kyzrype, Koji cy on cTpante HerpaxHBava OMpenemeHH y KacHOaH- THMKH HepHOR, Ges OINDKHX NOMaTaKa O MANeRY WU AUMeHHjaMa yrephersa. Tloxoxaj ua kone cy KoncraTonana nomenyra yrephera je pasHospcran, Ta- KO fa ux cpehemo Ha y3niMILeHUMa H3Hay, JONAH Oma, Ay MyTHUX mpa- Balla, Ka Ht Ha OcaMMeHUM JOMEHAHTHUM TavKAMA. Y raxea yrephersa cnapajy oprnduxanuje Koucraronane Ha cnejebuM s10- kammrerama, Tpapmia — Canna, 3sopunx (s10K. 6p. 34), 15,5 KM ceneposanaguo on 3nop- nua, (AL Bil! 1988, 06.72, 91 —"B. Bacnep) Seneurpax — Xan Kona — Uyrxosuhm, Barsanyka (10x. Op. 35), 9 xm jyroaa- maquo on Barastyxe. (AL BiH 1988, 09.110, 133 ~ O. Jamakonuh) Swajesan —Eruhu, Uesmuan (10K. Gp. 36), 9,8 km on Barna JIyxe y npapny jy- roncroxa. (AL BiH 1988, 09.113, 133 — B. 'pamyx) [pag - Kujeso, Caucxu mocr (10x. 6p. 37), 7,3 ka jyroncrouno on Canckor Mocra. Ha osm oKavirrery, Koucraronana je Kpyxua kysra mpenunKa 10-15 M. (AL Bitt 1988, 10.65, 145 — B. Taurean) Tpaxa 'paquna —Topwe Parkono—Kounthu, Ky (10K. 6p. 38), 16,5 KM cesepoucrouno on Kysa. Yuyrap yraphema KoucTaTonau je akpomors ca nit- cTepHoM HHeKOMHKO OBjeKaTa, Kao H HOprpabe. (AL BiH 1988, 10.94, 146—B. Mapujanonith) Tpayuna, Uunoso (10x. Gp. 39), 14 KM ceneposamaguo of Jajua, (AL Bill 1988, 12.93, 22 ~ B. Mapujanonuh) Tlorana Paasma, Kympec (nox. 6p. 40), 44 xet on Jajuia y npasny jyra. (AL Bill 1988, 12.195, 184~—B. Bacnep) Benuxa spara, Kynpec (10x. 6p. 41), 36,5 KM jyroncrouno of Jajua. (AL Bill 1988, 12.255, 187 — B, Maueasm) Benuxu xamex — Bosaps, Iunioso (sox. Op. 42), 12 at jyxxno on Sajna. (AL BiH 1988, 12.256, 186 ~ B. Bacnep) Tagua — Aauxoue, Tasik (s10K, Gp. 43), 12,5 kM ceseposanagato on 3e- une. (AL BiH 1988, 13.64, 198 — A. Bena) BoGosauy (s10x. Gp. 44), 9,8 kM ceseponcrouno on Kaxwa. Ha noKanrery je KOHCTATOBAH caMO jeNaN ANTHUKE 311, Kojut ce HaNAsH y OKBUPY rnasue cpen- sonexosue kyae. (AL BifT 1988, 14.13, 15 —II. Aesth) Tpaguita ~ Ja6panuna, Bapeu (10K. 6p. 45), 17,5 xm jyroucrouno on Kata, Yuyrap yrepbera, xoncrarosaua je Oasuauka sumentauja 15,50 x 11,28 m, xoja nanexe a sacseyeny rpoOumny. (AL BiH 1988, 14.86, 19 —B, Tamxwanun, HL Materuh)Tpaguna (Cpanan) ~ Kapayna, Kaxass (nox. Gp. 46), 13 xs ceneposananno of, Kaxwa. (AL Bil! 1988, 14.91, 20—B. Tamxeanm) Me6eno 6px0, Capajeno ~ Lewrap (s10x. 6p. 47), (AL BiH 1988, 15.68, 42 B. Yosh) Tar—Hopu Jlyanhu —Tanemmne, Panxo (10x. 6p. 48), 11,7 xm jyroucrouso on Tauxor. (AL BiH 1988, 19.68, 144 -H. Manguh, H. Manetuh) Bujomxu Ppag, Cronau (10K. 6p. 49), 1 xm jyroncrouno on Croua. Ha n0Ka- surety cy youenn ocrans Geena rpahenor TexHMKOM opus spicatum, KOjm cy YHMUTreHH KACHUjUM AorpayiaMa TOKOM cpesiver HEKA, KAO H 3a BpeMe ay- crpicke prajapune. (AL BifT 1988, 20.540, 195 -B. Bacnep) Tpanan— Xyayrexo, Hposop (10x. Gp. 50), 19,5 xm on Korsima y mpasuy ce- neposanaga. (AL BiH 1988, 21.105, 213 —b. Bacnep) Tpaxuna —Togrpaguna, Jtupxo (10x. Gp. 51), 13,5 xm jyrozanaquo op Jasna. (AL BiH 1988, 22.82, 239 — B. Taurxpanmt) Congarosa (Benuka) rpaguaa — Ilystsaun, Pnamou (10x. Gp. 52), 12 KM ce- neposanamHo on Tnamoua. (AL BiH 1988, 22.249, 248 — B. Yosuh) Baaraj (Crjenan Ppa) — Baaraj, Mocrap (10x. 6p. 53), 12, 5 KM jyroucro- Ho oft Mocrapa. Toxo nerpaxuBarba youeHo je a ocraum cpesiboBeKoBHe hopruuxannje vanexy wa GexeMe 13 aNTHKOr M KacHOAHTHYKOr HepHoya. (Bacnep 1972, 47-48) Kapaonan, Yumayx (10K. Gp. 54), 15,5 xx jyrosamaaHo ox Mocrapa. (AL BiH 1988, 24.208, 300 ~'B. Bacnep) Kocwsaj — Bueruhu, “uray (10K. Gp. 55), 15,8 kx jyrosanapuo og Mocrapa. (AL BiH 1988, 24.217, 300 — 11. Auhenuh) Kpermna ~ Xananhe, Unray« (20K. 6p. 56), 16,8 KM jyrosamaquo on Mocra- pa. (AL Bill 1988, 24.236, 301 —B. Bacuep) Tpanwna - Busome Bpgo, Yampuna (10x. 6p. 57), 8,3 xm on Yarnane y npasny cesepouctoxa. (AZ BilT 1988, 25.110, 325— IT. Aubesuh) Tpayunia — Townes, Uarubuna (10K. Op. 58), 4 xa ceneponcrouno of Ua mbune. (AL Bill 1988, 25.133, 326-327 — (B. Mapujaxionuh, H. Mapajanonuh) Bpexonmna, Buxah (sox. 6p. 59), 1 xv cenepxo on Buxaha. Ha noxanurery cy orkpunenm rparonu GeyeMa, Kao H MeToyraowa Kys1a wUMeHsuja 10 x 6 N. (Pagumexy 1893; Lturneneuxu 1987, 105-106) Tecbepuy — Kpynau, Mamya (10x. 6p. 60), 11,5 xa jyrosanagHo on Capajena. Ha xoxaaurery nicy nponabeuu ocrammt matepujamie kysrype 13 KacHoar- ‘THYKOT-PaHOBH3aHTH|CKOF MepHopa, as OM ce yTBpsla, Ha OCHOBY CBor OOIH- Ka Hf KPYXHUX KYsla Koje cy Ha 160] KOHCTaTosaHe, Morvia Be3aTH 3a OBaj Me- puon. (Ceprejencxu 1947, 46-48; AL BiH! 1988, 15.379, 57—K. Tononowany, Ho- nosith, M. 2003, 103) 3AKIbYUHA PASMATPAIDA. Kpaj IV nexa m noverax Murpanije BeTHKHX eTHHUKHX rpynauuja, H3a3BaH nomackom Xyxa, mje mimonutiao HH nposEunjy Hamannja, Koja je nehu ne- PHOR Of CBor OcHHBArSA MpoBesla y Onaroners Mupa, GyAyhM fa ce Huje Hana TEPHILA IIEXAP 34KACHOAHTHMKA MPAHOBHSAHTHICKA YIBPBEWA ¥ BOCHH Tt XEPLEFOBHITH, GAREBE nrOBHEIUUE HATMAUIIA) 35 Suna qUpeKTHO Ha Yapy BapBAPCKUX MIeMeHA I ya ce Ha We] TepHTOpHiH on 70-ux roguna I Beka i. c. HNCy HamasuMe craMHo cralHONMpane Bojte 1O- cajle. [ps nopan o nono>xkajy xpamthancraa 4 UpKBeHOj Oprannsarpsjm Ha ‘TepH- ‘roprju Janmanuje norway c noverka IV nexa, Kaya je, 3a Bpeme [IuoKmenst- janopux nporonia xpuuthana — 304. roqmie, Kao My4eHUK nocrpapao cB. JloM- myc, mpaH enuckon Canone.>3 Mebyrum, nosunuje xpauthancrsa noGorbuta- ne cy Y6p30, usTo je JoBe.t0 jlo pazber javatba UPKBeHe opranmsanuje Ha MpO- cropy Jlammanuje, Tako ja Ha ocHony mucma Ey3eGuja Jeponuma 3 374. ro- WMHe 3HaMo 3a NocTojatse hakoua Jysujaua y rpagy Stridon, oqnocuo 3a Gu- cxyna rpaya Lupicin.4 Tlocne nogene Hapcrsa 395. rogue, y HoKyulajy na ce craGunusyjy npunu- Ke, nposnunuja je yxmysena y cacras Sanayor yapcrBa, Kao jeo jujeuese Viaupux.35 Capr Teogocuja I, Koja je yGpso yeneynma, poneza je 1 Ao m06y- ue Tora, Koj cy TOM MpHIHKoM, nycrouehu 3HaTaH Neo MpoBHEMHje, CTUNIH 1 NO siya Catoxe. [loverax BapBapexux mpoopa joBco je Ao fazer cna Gmewa nenrpanue Baacru, na je mposuunuja 437. roquHe Bpahena nox ynpa- By ucrouior jena Lapcrea. Minak, oba mpomena Huje fasta O4eKMBaHe pesys- ‘rare, Oymyhi fla je caMOBOrba TOKAIHHX YNPABKUKA NOBeLTA NO caMOcTAsKOr Hacrynata, Koje je O10 uspaxeno y Behoj WI MaIbO] Mepu, HONCBIL OR 454, rogue, 1a cBe 0 480. rogue, Kajla je npoBusmuja tpunojena Micrownom napersy.36 Miaxo ce Janmanuija spanuuno Hanasuna y cacrasy Mcrounor apcrea, 0M je-najupe ynpapmao Onoakap 43 Puna, HommnasHo npusnavajyhi saacr 3e- noua. Ocruparsem ocrpororekor kpamencraa na tay Mramuje, Janmanuja je yOuLIa nog ynpasy Teogopuxa, Kojm je OMe yupaBibao y ume ABopa y Kon- cranrunonomy. Joroop Poveja u Ocrporora yOp2o je, MebyTuM, noraxKen, Oyayhu ja cy 504. roqure ocrpororcKoM Kpasbencray Ipunojene npoBmANnje Dalmatia, Pannonia Il w Savia. Tipoumperse ocrpororcke tepuropuije 10Ben0 je no chopsmpaia nosux anwunncrparuanux jemmmna 525/526. roune, TaKO ‘a je Hammanujom u3 Canoue yupasmao Por Ocanu ca tuTyn0M comes Dal- matiae et Saviae.37 TokoM octpororexe Baaqanmie, HauHH ympaBmara, KAO MH Moje UpKBEHE opranmaannje uncy npetprenn sHavajne npomeHe, Gyayhu na cy y Bp10 Kpar~ kom paamaky y Canouy, Koja off 527. rouse uMa crarye apxuenuckomje, onpxana yea KoMIuIa. Ha ocHopy cayynanux crmicKopa YuecHUKa, casHajeMo a cy Ha NpBOM KORUMLIY, ONp»kaHOM 530. roqHHe, yeCTBOBATH apxHeMHCKOT Canone, Kao m ermmcKomM unja cy ce ceguurra astasuta y rpayonuna: Iadera (Banap), Arba (Pa6), Siscia (Cucax), Epidaurum (JlyOponuux), Scardona (Cxpanun), Narona (Bug), Bistua Nova (Senuna), Martar (Kowsn) « Capunje, unja yOukanuja Huje nosrara. Tp ronme Kacuuje, 533. roqmHe, Kao yuecHH- nt KOHIWIa japmajy ce HM emmMcKOnH rpagoBa Sarsenterensis (Kuromucauh), Muccara (Maxapcxa), Ludrum (Kan), 0X kao HOTMCHMKa OBOT ckynia HeMa 33 Zeiller 1967, 5, 7-8, 28; Wilkes 1969, 429; Kunxosuth 2004, 33. 34 Basler 1972, 26. 35. @epnyra 1957, 8-9, 19. 36 @epnyra 1957, 22-23; Wilkes 1969, 418-421; Basler 1972, 16. 37 Wilkes 1969, 423-425; Basler 1972, 16-18.enmcxona Maprapa, npema J. Bunxcy2 oguocuo Enuyaypyma, mpema T. >Kmexosnhy.39 ‘Mebyrun, ocrpororeka upennacr wa mpocropy flanmanuje unje Gua rpaj- vor Kapakrepa, Gyntyhu ya je ToKOM 535. roqmue,*? opmax Ha HoYeTKY cyKOGa Poneja u Octporora, Jananurja spahena tox oxpuste Konicranrunorosa. Vinak, pomejexa npessacr Gua je yOpso nosenena y muraxse, 6yayhu na cy Ocrpororu noxyularn ja je nospare, Hajmpe 537. romune 3a speme Burrure- ca, a NOTOM roTORO slBe MeMTeHHje KacHHje (554, rogune) 3a apeme Tore, KO- jucje Ka J[anauuju nocnao nojcxosoby Hunyacpa ca Gpogosmma. Tom mpasst- kom, Octpororu uicy yeremu ja oBpare Hujejan neo TepwTopHje, Mana cy ompakaim je upnodazsa, usMeby Maxapcxe u Caaone.*! To nosparky Jlanmanuje non aupextay anacr Koncrawtumonona, cnposeo je Jycramujan I suaajay npoMeny y cucremy ynpaszsaia, Oygyhyt na je 538. rosie nposmanja Jlaamanuja nonepena npoxoxsyay. Ha raj Haun, npo- puuusja oGwja H3BecraH cremen ayToHOMHocTH, OyAyhu Aa Huje mpuTanazta nujentioj mpecbextypn,? 10K je 10 Mumupersy H. Masha y ynpastioM 1 Boj- Hom cMucay Owia noTumBeHa PanencKoM ersapxary, ay upKpenoM rram.43 Tloxopaname ocrpororexe pane on crpaxe Jycrmusjasia 1 zoueno je mpx- ‘BUHM Mup, Oynlyhi sla cy Ha ceBepHe rpanuue Llapersa npucrurac HoBe Bap- Bapexe rpynaiuije, Cnonenm, Koji jou 548. ronuwe crupxy 10 JLupaxuoua. TLo- MenyTH Moxon OHO je, MebyTHM, camo yBon 3a oncazy Comyiia, Koja je cmpo- peneHa 550. rosie, an HeyenemHo. ToKom 550/551. roguttie yonast 10 MpO- nopa Cxosera y Jlanmanujy, Koj cy Ty mpowenu simMy, a roToBO Be Heer je kacunje, 568, roxmne, x Kyrpurypa. Jo asapcxo-c1oBencKnx wamaya noma ‘au 586. rome, Kala je HOHOBO Mpenysera oncata ConyHa, Koja ce nonyT mperxomue saspuunna Gesycnemmo, Ca cysGujaiem jommmarije Apapa, po- MejeKo naperso sanoueno je Tex 591. rogue, no cpebusarwy cirryacutje na Hc ‘rouxom dbponry. Mnax, Asap 1 Cronexst y6p30 cy onTOROpILIH HOBOM On- caomt Conysia (597. rune), Koja 1 oBaj nyt unje nama peaysrrare. Y rpenyT- Ky Kayla ce wocne Benuke noGepe Pomeja Hag Asapuma Koy, BivarmantjyMa, 601. ronuue, sumus10 xa he abapeKa onacHocT sayBeK ONTH OTKMOWeHA, 10 mo je 0 Boje MOGyHe H yerommueHa Doxe, 602, rome. Cykobu OKO Mpe- crona jloenu cy 0 cnoMa ponejcxe BaacrH, sume je y HOTHyHOCTH OTBopeH nyt Bapsapuna Koja cy Haqupanu, Ilo uanyurrainy norpaHMMiEx yraphersa, nouLIo je HO HZ aBapcKO-cioBeNCKUx NPoHopa Y Hepuoy uaMeby 612. 641. roqune, TOKOM Kojux je Kouasio Noxopena MpoBurtur}a HamMauja, W3y- suMajyhu Hee rpayone y npHoGamy, Kojm cy ce Yerley CBOr HOBOHOF HOMO- >xkaja ORYHpaH OcpajauKum HaeTunca.4 38 Wilkes 1969, 432. 39 2Kunxonuth 2004, 37. 40 J. bepayra nanog nopatax na je AO yemyumpara Jlanwanuje y eacran Merounor naperna joumio 537. roqune, Ynopenutst: bepayra 1957, 25. 41 Wilkes 1969, 423-425; Basler 1972, 16-18. 42. Pepayra 1957, 26. 43. Mandié 1960, 32-50. 44 Procopius —Bellum Gothicum 111 29, 38: BUVIH | 1955, 41-42; Menandar— Excerta de legationibus, 220, 477: BUMS 1 1955, 96-98; Theophylacti Simocattae historiae 13, VI3—4, Vill 5-6: BUVIHS 11955, 106, 112, 124-126; Lemerle 1954, 285-286, 290-292; Bapmuumth 1956, 74; Bari8ic 1969, 13; Popovic, V. 1975, 463-464; Popovic, V. 1979, 607, 611, 623-624; Konavesuh 1994, 116-123. HLEPHIIA IITEXAP 36KACHOAHTHSKA WPAHOBHSAHTHICKA YIBPBEWA Y BOCHH H XEPUETOBHHM GAIEBE NPOBHHUWE SIAAMAUINA) 37 Hecurypua spemeua Koja cy sajecua cranonnuke mposununje Janata, MpuMopasta cy Hx jla HanycTe MONE PABHHILE H ja Ce yyTe ¥ BUUIe peje se, KOjM cy HM MpyxxaH nehy curypHocr. Mnax, npoyec nomepaiwa Huje Ha- crymHo onjenHom, Bch je no mpomena yonasus10 nocreneno. Ha ocHoBy pac- ONOKHBIX NOLATaKa, MOKMO MPHMETUTH ja ce Mpowec npunarobanara HOBUM OKOMHOCTHMA OABHtja0 ¥ WBA MpaBlla. Jexan HAYNE Mpejicrassa YrBp- buwawe mocrojehux craumura y pasumana, Kao urro je cny4aj ca Moropje- JOM Kon Yambatne (710K. Gp. 7), THe ce jou MoNeTKOM IV BeKa npHCTynHI0 oprudbuumpany BexnKor NoAONpUBpeMOT NOGpa, OK ce ApyrH orsiea y HCTOBPEMEHOM MoMeparsy yrephersa Ha Behy HayMOPCKy BHCHHY, KAO ITO je cnysaj ca noxanuretom Buorpanu — Suuraue, Mocrap (10x. 6p. 19). [ars paseo] forahaja noKasao je la craMMUITa cMeMITeHA y HUSHjH H Open cBojux jaKux GeyeMa H BHCOKUX Kya He MpyXajy JOBOUHY SaINTHTY, Te fla je OMepa- We Y BILE SOHe, TSB. BepTIKaTHa MurpaNuja, NaTeKO e*pUKACHHjH NOCTyNAK. Hanynrramse pannjirx cranmmra 1 npenasax Ha nore nonoxkaje yenonnian cy HHS Mpomeua Koje cy ce ormegase Kako y HoBUM (bopruduKanvoMEM pente~ WHMA, TAKO Hy NPOMeHH CxBATaRA CbyHKUMje HaceoOMHA H_YTAphersa Tocreneno pacnajame uewrpaue sacri 4 HeMoryhnocr KoHtpone Hay Te- puropijama xoje Hapcrao noceryje, che Maibit po} paconorkuBUXx BOjHUKA Yenen BemuKe jertonysanuje HsasnaKe HaNeTHMa BapBapa, asIH H ermHeNusja- Ma xyre (541/542. roquna) Gormiba,4® saxreram cy Nona peulerba MpIUtH- KOM nogutsatba yTBpberba, Tako cy caja yrnaBiioM Oupane BHCOKe, ako Gpa- Houtne TaXKe, ca KOjHX je Guo Moryhe KOHTpomucaTH NYTHe TIpaBule TOHA noma 4 peue ome. TIpuAHKOM nopusarsa yrapbera, Oupajy ce tom HAHTHM, TeLIKO MPHCTyHaYHH BHICOBH, KOjUMA Ce puarobavajy doprucpuKa- uurje. Kaxo cy y nehisn cayajena ojaGpane pommmantHe Take Ore OKpy- 2XeHe CIpMINKTIaqMHaMA, RYGOKHM KOPHTHMA pexa WU Tax chocama, oHeKay Ha HenpHeTynawHHM crpavaMa HHcy TOmWIaHM Gejexar 9Gor ymrene y npeme- Hy H HoBny. JloxarHo ojavame siyuma npeycrarmane cy HeTypeHe HosHEO- Haste W KPYAHE KysIe, OK Ce CHlOpaRMYHO jaBysa H NpOTEXH3Ma, 'F. RO}ET Genem. Ocum Tora, yuyrap yrapya ce cpehy m uucrepue, Koje cy Site Heon- XOMHE KAKO Ou ce OGe3GejuHIa HOROMIA KOMIMUHA BONE HPHLKOM ortcaa. Tipnauxom nonusarsa yrapheia jonasi yo mpomere H y Kopumhewy Mare- pifjaiia 3a usrpamiby, Tako Wa ce OlleKa roTORO y NoTHyHOcTH HaGanyje,48 TOK Mpurecanm KaMeH ToBesaH MamrrepoM OMHHMpa y H3paqM GeqeMa, mpi veMy ce caMo Ttla MpaBIATHO CHK, NOK je jesrpo SIMA HICMyHeHO TpranyeM. Topea coprudrxarmonnx HoBHHa, MpucyTHe cy H Mpomene y yuyrpauNLoj Cxpyktypu yroppa, Koje mpecrajy a eyHKUMOMMLY WCKYIHBO Kao Boje niocraje m upepacrajy y yraphewa Hacesba, y KojiIMa ce onpiija caKonHeBH 2KHBOT, TaKo la ce yHYTap yraphenux cranuurra janmajy UpKBe, OK ce Ha NO- jonmmm yraphersmva wayBajajy axponom u yraphero nomrpabe. Tlojasa upkana ynyrap aucuucxux yraphera y saneby nposnanuje Janwann- ja muje raxo uecra, Gyayhm ya cy wa camo 7, On KoHCTaTORAHHX 60 yraphersa, youenn Tparosu upxana.4” Mnax/rpeGa uMarix Ha yMy na Hajsehu 6poj yrBp- 4S Geyer 2002, 41; Laiou 2002, 44 46 Cano ua toxanurery Byrap Tpan - Tpanma —Topia Para ~ Byrap, Buxah (10K. 6p. 8), Koucrarosana je npHwela TexiuKe opus mixtum y warpagin yruphera, 47 Ocranu upxsene apxarrextype Koucratonaust cy 1a Moropjeay, aruba (110K. 6p.7), Te cy OrkpuBeHe Ane NpKBe, OK je Ha NOKamHretuma Byrap I'pag —['pasiara —Toprua Ta ‘ra— Byrap, Buxah (ax, Gp. 8), Seuosu~ Yapaxono, FIpujenop (0x. Gp. 10), Kourryp —ema uuje apxeonomxu uerpaxkex no Kpaja, TaKo 4a octaje oTRopeHO mrTa se cTBapuor Opoja yraphera Ha Kojima cy nocrojare UpKne. Capyre crpane, snavajau Gpoj upkana Koucraropan je y Causa yrephenux (CraHMMIra, Ha MaHbHIM Hal MOpCKIM BHCHHAMA, YPABHOM TOpey MYTHUX Tpa- ca, ITO GH MOrO YKASHBATH HA WHILeHINY fla Ce KUBOT Haye, yrARHOM, OnBEja0 y HIDKUM mpenemHMa, Te Aa cy yrupheve BUCHHCKe TAKE HIMATe, TIPE cpera, cbynxuujy mpuGexuurra. OgoMe y npwior rosopu m pasmeurraj HoMe- RYTHX UpKawa, Koje cy mpeTexHo pacnopebeue jy2« PeumuX jomMua HM AK Y M0,HUM NOsbUMA, HOpex HOcTojehux KoMyHUKanuja (Kapra 1). Hanyurrae maoqMnx oma H Oja3aK Ha Behe HayMopcKe BucHHe HHje, KAO ITO BHHMO, GHO cHPOBeseH y HOTHyHOcTH (Kapra 1). Fone pane, noroque 3a Yoneumy nomonpuspemHy nenaTHocr, Oiure cy HeyBmuKe Aparone- He [a Ou ce OnaKo HaNyeTiTe, TAKO a cy Ha ROMUBLAHTHUM YIBHINEHAMA I13- HA}. BCMNKUX IIOAKNX JOMMHA PeKA HIN MOsbA HOAHSAHA yTApberbA, Koja cy, nopey op6pamGene, uMana 1 ynory caGupHUX WeHTapa y KOjuMa cy ce cKs1a~ guurrita cea yo6pa. Ympano crora cy Ha ORAKBIIM MeCTHMA MONMTHYTA cBa Bemuka yraphera, ja ce nospummua kpehe yranHoM OKO 1 xa, Maja cy Ho- shara u yrapherba ca nospmmmiom ox 2 xa (Lipksunia —Maxsexonan, 1060}, OK. Gp. 1), ognocHo 3 xa (Fpajan — Moxpoxor — 'ymaue, BucoKo, 10K. 6p. 5), Koja cy moraa ja saqopome norpeGe cranosmmuBa, He TpeGa HCKIby'II- ‘TH HM MoryhHOCT fla cy MOMeHYTe opTaKpAKaNje cHyRHUIe H 38 CKMAMMLTTe- Ibe PasaMMMETHX pypa, mpe uXOBOr laser TpaNcMOpTa, GyayhH Wa ce OKA- smrern Onan —I'pan— Yene, Bocancxa Honut (10x. 6p. 2), Kanaypa— Jena umuosuut, CancKn mocr (10K. 6p. 3) « 'pagan — Moxpoxor -Tysaye, Buco Ko (10K. Gp. 5) Haase y Oausuun pynapeKmx oOmacTH. HayMopeke nicune Ha Kojuma cy cMeureHa BemuKa yrephema wapypajy, ‘TaKo na ce noKamreTi LipKpuHa — MaxsbeHopatt, 1oGoj (510K. Gp. 1), Onan — Tpaq— Yen, Bocaricxm Hosa (10K. Gp. 2), Haase Ha HaxMOpcKo} BHCHEE Of 500 merapa, Kanaypa — Jenamunonua, Canckn wocr (0K. Gp. 3), Tpayuana (Cpanau) —Panuio, Kynpec (ox. 6p. 4) 1 [paguna—Penuhn, Jlysno (10K. 6p. 6) Ha BucHun usMeby 500 x 1000 a, nox je T'panan — Moxponor — Tymsave, Bucoxo (10x. 6p. 5) cmenrren wa BcHHH Behoj ox 1000 x. ‘Hacynpor nenuxun yraphersuna, KO Kojux ce Moxke YOUTH H3necHa NpaBuL- HOCT Y HOSIIMOHUpaNby, cpemibe M Mae (boprud>uKaltaje HeMajy THMIe 10- aoxkaje na Kojuna ce jansbajy. Hane, ssuxono mpieycrRo je KOHCTaTORaHO Ka- ko AY2K NYTHIX npanaya, TaKO H Ha WIONOBAHUM nomOZKajiIMa, Ha HAMOPCKIM. Bilciianta Koje Bapupajy ox 200 slo 1500 m HamMopcKe nucHie. Kako cy yrapbe- tba One upcre Mora MMaTH ynory Pepyrujysa WN aK KOHTpme TAKE, ca Koje ce OCMaTpao IITHTHO ONpehEHH NYTHH MpaRAl, MOKE Ce 3AKILYUTH a je maxona nospumuia Guia yenoBena, mpe cBera, Gpojen ute. Tpouec noctenevor nanyurraia pagHIMapcKHx mpeylena Ht Hacesbanata Ha ‘Teme MOCTYNHe Mooxaje, nije KapAKTepHCTHAH camo 3a MpocTop MpOBHE- uuje Jamanuje. Mera npmnmum cycpehe ce u y mammickum oOnacruna cy- cemue mposuumnje Moesia I, rae ce jasmajy Opojua nucuucka yrepbera, Koja cy 10 CBOM OOamKY, HauMHY usrpanEse H Kapakrepy cua dopruepuKanja- Ma Koje ce Haase Ha Tepwropyjn Bocue u Xepuerosnue. IIpwInKOM apxeo- Aa6pmna, Cronay (20K. 6p. 14), Epanau —~ Jlenersma — Xomom, Kucexax (10K. 6p. 17) 1 Tpanay (Himmsaya) —Poptsn Koropan, Miuma (10x. Gp. 18), youewa no jetta. pKa. TIEPHINA MNTEXAP 38Sirmium ard JIEPEHJIA Areneoxie rpatont Uprne Yruphesat ex nonpaninioat nchons ot 1 xa Seraphers ea uonpusinios insceby 0,8 ‘Vanplieoa a sompuniutost autos 02 Yanpheina. Eni ADRIATICUM MARE KAPTA 1.J\UIMAUWA ¥ KACHOAHTHUKOM MEPHOY HOIKHX HeTpaXKuBaiba jyrosanamte CpOuje*® youeno je na ce u Ha oBoM MpO- cTopy moveTak noMeparba craHoBHMITBa Ha Behy HayMopcKy BHCHHY janma Kpajem IIL, onHoco nowerkom IV BeKa, 0 YeMy cBesOUe apxeOmOUIKa HCTpaKI- 48 Toxom jocanaumbix uerpaxnsaisa mpocropa jyrosanage Cp6iie, 1. jyrosanaguor esa nposiuatutje Moesia I, KoncTaToBaH je BeTHKH Gpoj yrapheHsa ca KACKOAITICIKIIN- 39 “panosiganrujekun xopusowros. Bynyhit na ey nopen pexornocturpatsa enposexentababa cmponeyenta Ha soKauTeTuMa Tpojat u 3araTam Kanex.5? Y sanaqHom neay CpOnje, koji raxobe mpencraszba manmncKy OOMACT, KOHCTaTORAHO je He- KOAHKO yraphetba ca TPACOBUIMA KACHOAHTH'KOT XOPHIOHTA, KOjH OKPY2Ky]Y Tpanmny wa Jenm.5! Caurany curyauujy cpeheso 1 a Tepsropiiit caspemene AxGaunje, xoja oyxwara nexanambe mposnumutje Prevalis u Epir Novus, kao 1 eo mposuntuije Epir Vetus, re je Takobe youeno nomusare yraphersa na Behan HayMOPCKIM BHCHHaMA TOKOM KaCHOAHTHMKOT H paxloBHsarerHjcKor mepHos.a.52 Bepruxanua nomeparma pomejcKor craHOBHMIITBa Mpey| MpoBarama BapBapa, konicrarosana y saleby mpormauje Hamsauuyja, onmrpasta cy ce Ha TepuTopH ju Hapersa, xoje ce naaau sanayo op we. Tako je y uerouoamexoj oGnacrH, Koja o6yxsara eo npoBmanuje Raetia IJ, Te uposmmnuje Noricum ripense, Nori- cum mediterraneum, Venetia, Histria, Savia u Libwmia, vaxobe youe Mpouec Mu- rpanuje y sume mpeyene, Koj ce onBujao usMeby III w VI wexa.5? Heuzro apyravnja curyarja je, mebyrum, ua upocropy mpuoSasue [ama- uuje, re je MpuMeren MpHNNiIN T3B. XopHBoHTaIHe MATpalLje, GyAyhH 1a cy ce 2KuTesbH MpHOGAIha COMMU Ha OCTPRA, Ha KOjHMA Cy YCTIeNH fa ce ORPAKE pel HaeTHMa BapBapa, saxbazyjyhm Besn ca Marmnlom nyTeM Mopa.* Taxo ce y npuoSasby cpehemo ca RenUKHM yrepheHuM rpaxoBHMa, JOK ce Ha OCTp- Ba H3Memirajy mpuOexmUITa H OcMaTpa4HMe 3a KOHTPORy HOMOpCKUX yTe- Ba KOjH cy O6esGehuBan oncranax. Homenyru moat npasi Gum cy yrpoxxeun on crpanie mpara, anu um Octporora Koji cy y MebyspeMeny crBo- ist Mopuapuny, Koja je yraasuoM Heyrpaucana 551. rome, nocne n0Ge- ne Poseja y nomopexoj Onn Kon Cunntrarnuje.’s Fonnaere Wa ocrpsa Ma- uuchectyje ce NOmHSAmEM KACHOANTWIKUX NPHOSKUIITA Ha OCHOBAMA PaHo- ANTHUKHX OGjeKaTa, MPH YeMy cy OHA Hapabena on MpHTecaHor KaMeHa ManTepa, kao mito je cnytaj ca TparosuMa Geyema Ha noKamuTeTy C'naputta— Beam rpay Ha ocrppy Kpx,** ocpsom Cx. Mapxo, rae je yuytap yTBpre KoH- craronana uucrepua,s7 wu naK ca ocrpayetom Tamumon.5$ Kao urro Moxemo siyleTH, Ha mpoctopy roroso swrasor Llapersa nomt0 je, yenen HeropujcKux OKOAHOCTH, No MloMepasba craHoBHUNITRA, Koje ce y muIa- HIHICKHM NpefemuMa OrMeRAO Y TSB, REPTUKATHO] MUrpanAjHt, Tj, HoMepaHy Ha sche HamMopcKe BHCHHe, Npex HajeayoM Bapsapa. TpumetHo je unax na COMN@AHA HCTPHAUBAWA, HABOMHMO MEO THTepAType y Kojoj je OOpabeua nomenyra mpoGnemaruxa. Ynopeaurru: Mucuuxonuh 1982, 131-140; Tonosuh, M. 1983, 5—14; Tlonosuh, M. 1984, 11-18; Mivumxosuth 1983, 29-37; Maiunxosuth 1985, 49-57; Hisa- smuneneh 1967, 5-12 Wisaimmienah 1988, 5-12; Haeummonsh 1989, 7-16; Moamuczesuh 49 Vinanmmennh 1989, 16. 50 Mnamumenuth 1990, 17. 51. Milinkovié 2001, 71-73, Abb. 2, 52 Honosuh, B. 1988, 216-218. 53 Ciglenedki 1987, 160-164. 54 Tomitié 1993, 92-93. 55 Tomitié, 1990, 29-30. 56 Faber 1988, 118. 97 Faber 1988, 119-120. 58 Badurina 1982, 171. TEPHIIA UITEXAP 40KACHOAHTHKA, MPAHOBUSAHTHICKA YIBPBEBA ¥ BOCHIEH, XEPUETOBHEM (GAREBE NPOBHELIE HAIMAUWA) 41 2xurenu nposunnuje Lanmanuja ocrajy y GuusumM pasuusapeKux npeyesta, rye ce Haase uajpeha yrephersa, Kako Ou oGesGemMAM MeonxoHY xpany. Ocum Tora, youiBo je K Mocrojarbe yraphersa yx nyTHux npawaia, KAKO 6u ce oGe36enHO MpoTOK poGe u >ynKuHOHNcaHse PynHUKa. HonononuruyTe yrapye Ouse cy upusaarohene Tewikum Bpemenmma, Gynyhu pa cy Gue ojaua- He PasMMTHM THNOBEMA Kys1a, NOTepHaMa, ABOCTpyKuM Genemuma, cpocama won. Yophenm sucuuickn noaoxaju nocrajaau cy Taxo yrspheua cranmurra, on- HocHO npnGexknurra, y KOjHMa ce OBHjAO CBAKONHEBHM KUBOT, O HeMy H3MC- by ocranor enexoue i upKBe KOHCTaTOBaHe YYTap HojemuMUX yrBpberba, KO- je cy owrneguo urpaie anaxajny yory. Ogcycrso Hexponosta y wenocpen- oj GaH3HHH HOMeHyTHX yrapsa, HaysHMajyhit noKamrer Moropjeno,® Kao i nojequnase rpoGone ca noxammrera Tpajan{—Jlenenua, najpeposarinje je nocnenmya crenena netpaxeHocTH, Mata He rpeGa HICKs.ysUITH IM Moryh- OCT CAXparbutBatba CTAHOBHUMITEA y HIDKHM SoHaMA, THe Ce OMBIKja0 CBAKO- AMeBHM KUBOT, a He Ha BICHHCKHM CraHUMTHMA, KOja cy MpBeHcrBeHo uMaTa byuxknujy yroumra y HeMupHum BpemenuMa. CTMCAK JIOKAJIMTETA 1, Lipxsuna — Maximertopan, Ho6oj 2. Onan — pan — Yexe, Bocancxu Hos 3, Kanaypa — Jenammosun, Cancxn Mocr 4, Cpammia (pagan) - Pano, Kyupec 5, Epanan— Moxpoxor —I'yspaye, Bucoxo 6. Ppaguna —Peruthu, Jlys10 7. Moropjeno, Yamuna 8. Byrap I’pan (panna) — Topi Para — Byrap, Buxah 9. Ppan—Loprsu Bp6mann, Ksys 10. Seno — Yapaxono, [Ipujenop 11. Hore Bproue 1 — [lowe Bprove, [Ippap 12, Tpaquma - [pxosun, Bocaticxo T'paxono 13, Hoxosan (Iyxonan) — Xarruhu, Coxozray, 14, Kourryp — Jla6puna, Cronan 15. Cpanat— Xananuhu, Pnamow 16, Benuxa I'paquna— Beauxu KaGanhn, Jinsn0 17. Fpagan — Jleneuuma ~ Xomom, Kucemax 18. Epagay (Mamsava) — Tops Koropan, Mga 19, Buorpaumt — JImmrnue, Mocrap 20. Ppamuna ~Topisa Merposnna, Kanecuja 21. Bpuramh — Ppagmna, Popme Parxoso — Mauhu, Knys 22. Xpemsumn Ppa — Yurraynut, Coxonay 23. Cpa Buorpax — 3a0phe, Kowa 24, Cpanan—Tlorowann ~ Muxamepuhu, Jtus10 25. Ppanuna — Hlowsn Pyjunt, Jano 59 Ha noenyros aoxamurery Hanaaiiaa ce, KaKo ce “HEM, KACHOAHTHMIKA Hexporro7ia xa Kojoj ce nopeg pomejcke, waraena, caxparsimata H repwaxeka, Tj. ocrporoTcKa o- nynauuja. Hause, mpicimkox myGuukoBara Marepujaia ca Hexponome m3 mepuona ce- oGe Kapona y Paxosianuwa, H. Muteruh kao anaztoruje 3a yxpacke ure HaBORK 1 nase 13 Moropjena, 6e3 HxakBUX WIyeTpaTHMRMLEX npwIOra. YnopesuTU: Miletié 1970.26. Fpaguna —Togrpaguua (Kamencka), Paso TMEPHIA WunEXAP 27. Ppaquua — Pajwaxe, Paamoa 28. Ppenuue ~ Horowann, Jhusixo 29. Kecuhesa Tpanuna — YeneGuh, JInsno 30. Mapessutha Tpanuna — Crapo ceno — lapesmua, Pawo 31. Tpanuna (Tan) — Tpanan, Hocyuije 32. Fpanuna —Ilerka, Jyso 33. Fpaguna —TIpncoje— Tepkosnhn, Jlysuo 34. Ppamuua - Canna, 3opxuKx 35, 3eneurpan — Xan Kona Uyrkonubu, Baanyka 36. 3majean— Ernhs, Yenmnany 37. pax — Kujeno, Canicx Mocr 38. 'puxa I'paguua — Topise Parkoso — Kouuhu, Kasys 39, Ppanuna, [mono 40. Torana Pnasuma, Kynpec 41, Benuxa spara, Kynpec 42, Benuxu kamex - Bonapu, Imono 43. Tpanuia — Amuxoue, TpabHmk 44. Boboway 45. Cpagnma — J[a6pasuna, Bape 46. Tpaquua ~Tpanay—Kapayna, Kaxan 47. TleGeno 6pxo, Capajeso ~ entrap 48. Tar —Hosu Jlysuhu —Tanemmme, Panxo 49. Buyomxn Ppan, Cromast 50. Ppanan —Xyayrexo, IIposop 51, Tpajuua — Topepanuna, Janno 52. Conparosa (Beauxa) 'pausa — Iysnbarm, Pamtou 53. Baaraj (Crjentan T'pan) ~ Baaraj, Mocrap, 54. Kapmosan, Uurnyk 55. Koemaj - Buseruhu, hurays 56. Kperuua~Xamsuhu, Urry 57. 'paguna - Bunome Bpyo, Yanuina 58, Ppaquua —Townrem, Yannuna 59. Bpexoamma, Buxah 60. Tecepws — Kpynau, Vonnga 42KACHOAHTHYKA MPAHOBHSAHTHICKA YIBPBEWA ¥ BOCHH 1 XEPHETOBMIM (GAJEBE MPOBUBIMTE TAIMALWA) 43 BUBIMOTPA®WA AL BiH 1988 Badurina 1982 Bapmmmis 1956 Bari8i¢ 1969 Basler 1953 Basler 1972 Basler 1993 Bojanovski 1967 Bojanovski 1968 Bojanoyski 1976 BHMHJ 1 1955 ‘Werner 1961 Wilkes 1969 Geyer 2002 DuSanié 1995 Dyggve, Vetters 1966 2Kunxopsh 2004 Zeiller 1967 ‘Meanuusesuh 1987 ‘Msanuuresuth 1988 Arheoloski leksikon Bosne i Hercegovine, Sarajevo 1988, A. Badurina, Bizantiska utvrda na otogi¢u Palacol, Vesnik Hr- vatskog arheoloskog drustva 7, Zagreb 1982, 171-177. ©, Bapuumth, Lap oxa (602-610) 1 nonyHascKu ABapo- -Cuosemt, 36opnux padoea Busanitoaowxo? uncitiuitty- a 4, Beorpay 1956, 73-86. Proces slovenske kolonizacije Istofnog Balkana, Simpozijum: Predstavenski etniéki elementi na Balkanu w et- nogenezi Juinih Slovena (Mostar, 24-26. X 1968), Centar 2a balkanoloska istrafivanja, knjiga 4, Sarajevo 1969, 11-26. 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Milinkovié, Die byzantinische Hohenanlage auf der Jelica in Serbien — ein Beispiel aus dem nirdlichen Illyricum des 6. Jh., Ciiapunap LI, Beorpay 2001, 71-133. M. Mupxonith, Pantcko ocpajamse m oprannsamuja panicKe paactn, y: Hciiopuja Cpiicxo® napoda |, yp. Cama Funp- kosith, Beorpan 1994, 66-76. A. Mécsy, Gesellschaft und Romanisation in der rémischen Provinz Moesia Superior, Budapest 1970. E, PaSalié, Production of Roman Mines and Iron-works in West Bosnia, y: Sabrano djelo — dr Esad PaSalié, Sarajevo 1975, 294-304. M. Monosah, Aurwuxo yrepheme wa Hlapcxom xputy Kon Tlomanie, Hosotasapcxu sGopuux 7, Host Tlasap 1983, 5-14, M. Monosuh, Yrspherwe na xyau y Kaxygpu, Hosotiasap- exu aGopHux 8, Hosit Tasap 1984, 11-18. MEPHIA IMIEXAPKACHOAHTHKA WPAHOBHSAHTHICKA YIRPBEGA Y BOCHH 1. XEPUETOBMHIL (GAIEBE NPOBAHEDE JANMALIMIA) 45 Hononmh, M. 2003 Popovié, V. 1975 Popovié, V. 1979 Honosuh, B. 1988 Radimsky 1891 Radimsky 1893 Radimsky 1894 Sergejevski 1947 Skarié 1932, Tomitié 1990 Tomitié 1993 Faber 1988 FekeZa 1990 epayra 1957 Ciglenetki 1987 Cremosnik 1951 Cremoinik 1956 Cremoinik 1989 M. Honoputh, Yraphene seaune Mannonmha, 36opnux padoea ca nayuno® cxyita Sense Masaosuha, AKayesaja wayka Ml yMerBoctu PenyOamke Cpricke yaunepairreTa Cpncko Capajeno, Haywan cxynonn, xesura V, Opjenerse pyurrncHuX Hayxa, Krbura 7, Barba JyKa, Cpncxo Capa- jevo 2003, 91-112. V. Popovié, Les témoins archéologiques des invasions Avaro- -Slaves dans I'Illyricum byzantin, Mélanges de l'écale francaise de Rome 87, Rome 1975, 445-504. Y. Popovié, La descente des Koutrigurs, des Slaves et des Avars vers la mer Egée: le témoignage de I'archéologie, Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Let- tres 1978, Paris 1979, 597-648. B. Tonosuh, AnGannja y kactoj awrmm, y: Maupu u Aa- 6anuu, yp. M. Fapamannn, Beorpag 1988, 201-250. V. Radimsky, Rimska utvrda na Crkvenici i kastram kod Do- boja, Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja HII, Sarajevo 1891, 251-562. V. Radimsky, Nekropota na Jezerinama u Pritoci kod Biiéa, Glasnik Zemalfskog muzeja V, Sarajevo 1893, 37-92. V. Radimsky, Arheoloske crtice iz Bosne i Hercegovine, Gradina Donje Vitoée ked Donjeg Unca u Petrovaékom Kotaru, Glasnik Zemaliskog muzeja VI, Sarajevo 1894, 440-443. D. Sergejevski, Arheolo&ki nalazi u Sarajevu i okolini, Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja Il, Sarajevo 1947, 23-50. V. Skarié, Altertiimer von Gradac in der Lepenica (Bosnien), Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja XLIV/2, Sarajevo 1932, 1-21, Z. Tomitié, Arheoloska svjedotanstva 0 ranobizantskom voj- nom graditelistvu na sjevernojadranskim otocima, Prilozi 5/6, Zagreb 1990, 29-53. Z. Tomiti¢, Tragovi ranobizantskog vojnog graditeljstva na sjevernom hrvatskom primorju, Umjetnast na istoénoj obali Jadrana « kontekstu europske tradicije, Rijeka 1993, 91-96. A. Faber, Osvrt na neka utvrdenja otoka Krka od vremena prethistorije do antike i stednjeg vijeka, Priloci 3-4, Zagreb 1988, 113-140. L. FekeZa, Kasnoantitko utvrdenje i crkva na lokalitetu Gra- dae na Llinjati u Gomjem Kotarcu kod Sarajeva, Glasnik Ze» maliskog muzeja 45, Sarajevo 1990, 155-169. J. @epayra, Busanituecka yapasa y Jaamayuju, Beorpay 41957. S. Ciglenetki, Hohenbefestigungen aus der zeit vom 3. bis 6. Jh. Im Ostalpenraum, Ljubljana 1987. 1. Gremofnik, Nalazi nakita u srednjevjekovnoj zbirci Zemaljsk- og muzeja u Sarajevu, Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja IV-V, Sa- rajevo 1951, 242-270. 1 Cremo’nik, Rimski ostaci na Gradini Zecovi, Glasnik Ze- maljskog muzeja XI, Sarajevo 1956, 137-146. 1. Gremoinik, Rimsko utvrdenje na Gradini u Biogracima kod Listice, Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja 42/43, Sarajevo 1989, 83-128,‘LATE ANTIQUE AND EARLY BYZANTINE FORTIFICATIONS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA (HINTERLAND OF THE PROVINCE OF DALMATIA) ‘Territory of the Western Balkans came under Roman rule at the beginning of the Tcentury, after the break of the uprising of the authochtonnal population in Pan- nonia (6-9. A.D.), when the region of Dalmatia was established. Geographically, the province of Dalmatia can be divided into two zones: the coastal and the mo- untainous regions. The karst coastland is distinguished by its indented coastline and many islands and bays, but with a small number of fertile fields suitable for agricultural activity. North of the Adriatic coastal area, stretching to the Sava ba- ‘sin, numerous mountains rise to over 1800 meters, covered with deciduous and coniferous woodland. However, the pronounced mountain landscape of the hinterland of the province of Dalmatia also has many fields and meadows, situated at the feet of the mountains, which encircle them. These geographical characteri- stics created varying climatic differences, so that the coastal region has a Medi- terranean climate, whereas the hinterland is dominated by a characteristic mode- rate continental climate. Although the geographical conditions greatly hindered the marking of road routes in the hinterland of the Province of Dalmatia, numerous roads existed to secu- re the undisturbed transportation of valuable raw materials (e.g. wood, metal or salt), Road routes mainly followed the course of the valleys, which stretched in a northsouth direction. An exception is part of the link between Salona and Sirmi- um, which ran through Cibalae like many of the routes from the town now known as Sarajevo towards the east, connecting it to mining centers. “The Romanization of the Province of Dalmatia, whose territory was already inha- bited by the Ilyrians, began immediately on its creation. The geo-climatic charac- teristics and resources of the region played a decisive role during colonization and formed the basis for the commercial activity of the defined area. Thus in the hinterland, forestry and mining (not only to extract metal ores but also for the explo- itation of salt) were dominant, together with agricultural activity, both crop cultivation and livestock-breeding, although theses activities were rather limited to the narrow, fertile river valleys such as the Neretva, or inland plateau — "polja”, such as Glamotko and Livanjsko. The newly arrived inhabitants were mainly concentrated in lowland areas, where urban centers were formed, while only mines were situated at higher altitudes, together with smaller military posts controlling roads and communications. During the late Antique period the situation changed to a large extent, due to Barbarian invasions, causing the coastland inhabitants to seek refuge at higher altitudes and in less accessible, fortified positions. On the base of the available information, the size of fortifications determines their division into large, medium-sized and small fortifications. Except them, there are also the forts with the unknown area. To the first group belongs the fortifications with the area greater then 1 ha, in second the fortifications with the area between 0.5 and 1 ha, and in the third group the fortifications with the area smaller then 0.5 ha. The chaotic times, which had befallen the population of the Province of Dalma- tia, compelled them to abandon the fertile plains with their pleasant climate, and to move to higher, harsher regions, offering them more safety. However, this process of movement did not happen at once ~ the change occurred gradually. From PERICA SPEHARLATE ANTIQUE AND EARLY BYZANTINE FORTIFICATIONS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA (HINTERLAND OF THE PROVINCE OF DALMATIA) 47 available date we can notice that the process of adaptation to new surroundings unfolded in two directions, One method of adaptation is represented by fortification of existing bases in the plains, which was the case with Mogorjelo, near Ca- pliina (loc. no. 7). There, the approach was to fortify a large agricultural farm at the beginning of the IVth century. The other method was the movement of fortifications to higher altitudes, as was the situation with the Biograci — Listice, Mo- star site (loc. no. 19), Further developments show that bases situated in lower areas, even with strong ramparts and high towers, did not offer adequate protection, and that movement to higher zones (i.e. vertical migration) was a much more ef- ficient approach. ‘The abandonment of earlier posts and the crossing to new positions caused a suc~ cession of changes, seen both in new fortification forms, and in conceptual chan- ‘ges regarding the function of settlement and fortification. As a result, high, easily defended points were chosen, in the main. From these it was possible to control communication routes as well as fertile fields and river valleys. When fortresses were erected, older rectangular models were abandoned, since shapes were now determined by the configuration of the terrain. Since in most cases the dominant points, encircled by steep slopes, deep-bottomed rivers, or even artificial fossae, were chosen, they usually did not build ramparts on inaccessible sides, to save both money and time. Innovations are shown also through the phenomenon of pronounced polygonal or round towers, with the occasional appearance of double ramparts. Apart from this, cisterns are seen inside fortresses. These were essential for securing sufficient water supplies in the event of siege. ‘The construction of fortifications brought with it changes in the materials used. Bricks were almost completely abandoned. Half-treated stone cemented with mortar dominated in the treatment of ramparts, and only the outer face was arran- ged evenly, whereas the heart of the main wall was filled with rubble. Besides fortification innovations, there are changes in the intemal structure of for~ tresses, since they no longer functioned only as military posts, but were now in- habited. Normal, everyday life activities occurred in the interior, so that almost all fortified settlements had a church, while occasionally there are acropolis, or ad~ ministrative centers and fortified suburbs, where everyday life was carried on, During the archaeological investigations of the hinterland of the province of Dal- matia, only in 7 of 60 fortifications the traces of the churches were noticed. Sin ce the most of the fortresses were not adequately excavated, it is possible that the re was larger number of the fortifications with the church built inside his ramparts. On the other hand, significant number of the churches was noticed near the fortified settlements, on the lower altitudes, mainly by the roads. This could indicate that the population had still lived in the lower areas, while the high, easily defen ded points had the function of the refuge. The position of the churches confirms the same, since there were mostly positioned along the river valleys or fertile fields, beside the communications. ‘The abandonment of fertile valleys and the departure to higher altitudes was not carried out totally, however. Fertile plains, ideal for successful agricultural activity were too precious to be easily forsaken. So, on dominant raised points over- looking great fertile river valleys or plains, fortifications were erected which, be~ sides their defensive role were also collection centers for the storage of all com- ‘modities, produced and harvested through extensive cultivation and livestock- breeding. For that reason, in such locations, fortifications greater than I hectare in size were built, with some up to 2 hectares (Crkvina —Makljenovae, Doboj, loc.no, 1), or even 3 hectares (Gradac — Mokronog ~ Gunjate, Visoko, loc. no. 5), to satisfy the needs of the residents. One should not rule out the possibility that these fortifications may also have served as warehouses for metal before its further transport, since the Ovan— Grad —Cele, Bosanski Novi (loc. no. 2), Kalaura —Je- laSinovei, Sanski most (loc. no. 3) and Gradac ~ Mokronog ~ Gunjaée, Visoko (loc. no. 5) are all near mining areas. ‘The altitude at which large fortifications are situated varies according to the depth of river canyons, or the altitude at which fields and meadows lie. Thus the sites Crkvina — Makljenovac, Doboj (loc. no. 1), Ovan — Grad — Cele, Bosanski Novi (loc. no. 2), are situated approximately 500 meters above sea level, Kalaura = Je- laSinovci, Sanski most (loc. no. 3), Gradina (Gradac) — Rayno — Kupres and Gra- dina — Reniéi, Duvno (loc. no. 6) lie between 500 and 1500 m above sea level, while the Gradac — Mokronog — Gunjave, Visoko (loc. no. 6) is built on the altitude higher then 1500 meters above see level. Vis-i-vis large fortifications, for which clear reasons for their position can be seen, medium-sized and small fortifications do not appear in typical positions. The- ir presence is established both along roads and in isolated positions, at altitudes varying from 200-1500 m above sea level. We can conclude that since fortresses of this kind could have served as refuge or even control points from which certa- in road routes were observed or protected, their size probably mostly depended on the number of inhabitants. ‘The process of gradually abandoning the plains and settling in more inaccessible positions was not just typical for the Province of Dalmatia. The same principle is ‘met in the mountain regions of the neighboring province of Moesia I, Prevalis, Epir Novus and Epir Vetus, and also in the Eastern-Alp region. However, the situation is somewhat different in the coastal area of Dalmatia, where the principle applied is of horizontal migration. Coastal inhabitants moved to the islands, and succeeded in keeping themselves from barbarian attacks, thanks to their connection with the home over the sea. ‘As can be seen, on the territory of the whole Empire the historical cireumstances led to the migration of the resident population, who were seen in mountain areas after so-called "vertical migration” i.e. moving to higher altitudes, before the barbarian advance. It is noticed that nevertheless the inhabitants of the province of Dalmatia stayed near to lowland parts, where the largest fortifications are found, to provide essential food supplies. Apart from that, fortifications are also seen along communication routes, to ensure the safe passage of goods and enable mines to function. Newly erected fortresses were adapted to difficult times, streng- thened by a new type of tower and rampart. ide position so became fortified posts and havens, in which every- ies were carried on, as shown amongst other things, by churches inside fortifications, clearly playing an important role. The absence of necropolis near to these fortresses, excepting Mogorjelo, and a several graves at Gradac — Lepenica and Dabravina, may simply be due to the excavation level. Neverthe- less, this can also indicate that the necropolises were situated in the lower altitudes, where the population lived, while the fortified settlements on the high altitudes played mainly the role of the refuge. ‘Translated by Esther Polenezer PERICA SPEHAR 483BOPHUK 3A MCTOPMY BOCHE MU XEPUEPOBHMHE 5 RECUEIL DE L’HISTOIRE DE BOSNIE ET HERZEGOVINE 5 TIEPHIJA IITIEXAP PERICA SPEHAR KACHOAHTHUKA MW PAHOBM3AHTHICKA YTBPBEHA Y BOCHM M XEPLIETOBHHN (GAJIEBE NPOBHHUWJE JAJIMAIMIA) LATE ANTIQUE AND EARLY BYZANTINE FORTIFICATIONS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA (HINTERLAND OF THE PROVINCE OF DALMATIA) BEOIPAL 200817 KACHOAHTUYKA VM PAHOBM3AHTHJCKA YTBPBEHbA Y BOCHM MU XEPLIETOBMHU (GAIEBE MPOBUHUMJE TAJIMALMIA)! TIEPMIIA ITTEXAP ‘Tepwropuja sanaguor Bankana, Koja je omebena Kyniom u Cason Ha cesepy, JIpuuom wa ueroKy, Te Janparickum mopem Ha jyry,? Hanasuuta ce y pyro} n0- hosusit I Bexa npe H. €. NOx ANAMhy HIMpeKHX i anoNCKUX naeMena. Haxow Husa cyko6a, Pum yentoctapiba cBojy BIIACT Hay, OBUM OGMACTHMA, HaKOH C710- Ma ycraKa ayroxTouor craxoHuuirsa y Maxounjn (6-9. r. w. e.). Ha wono- ocsojenunt tepuropujasia ocHonaria je mposimussja Dalmatia, Koja ce mpy>ka- na on pexe Arsia (Pama) y Mcrpx ua cesepy, qo rpana Lissus (Jbeut) ua jyry, oGyxparajyhu m Ksapnep (Pajeukn same). Ha cenepy, mpopmmmurja Jlamwa- uja ce rpaxusuuia ca mpoRmmujoM Pannonia J, nyax munMje Koja ce Hanasu1a neuro jyxxuuje ox ToKa Cane, a 4a ucTOKY ca npoBuunjom Moesia Superior, on yutha Konyape, npexo YauKa, Map-rianme yo Jbema. Tparuue, yeno- cranmene TOKoM I BeKa H. ¢., HIICY ce Kacuije sHa¥ajnuje Mewsamte, 13y3uMa- jyhu ospajarse marser jena Tepmropuje y oxommEM KoropeKor saa 1 CKa- pa xpajem III wu noverkos IV nexa, ox Koje je bopmupaua mposmanja Prevalis, Ox je rpaumma ca nposnEnujom Moesia I, TOKOM KacnoaMTHKOT me pxona, HajneponaTunje mparuna Tox [Ipune.> Teorpadcxu nocmarpano, nposuanyja Jammangja moxe ce noxemnTH Ha yBe sone, npustopeKy u ruiamaucKy oGnacr. [Ipay oGmacr, KpamKo MpuMopje, Ka- pakrepmmse pasyhewa oGana, Kao m Mam Opoj MOAN noma MOrOMHEX 3a MOMOMPUBPeAHE AKTUBHOCTH, NOK ce Ka CeBepy, CBE 10 Gacena Cane, ysnmKy ILTAHHHe MpeKpUBeHe JCTONaNHOM H eTHHApCKOM mIyMOM, “iija BUCHHLA AO cTIDKe H mpeKo 1,800 mM, Mspasirro naHHEcKH mpegeo saneha nponmanuje Flanmanuja, onauxyje ce, MebyTHm, OpojHMM nomtMa, cMeUrreHUM Y HORHOX jy BUCOKUX HaIUNHA KOje HX OKPY-KYIY, KAO H ca NETH BeAUKa pewa TOKA (Ya, Bp6ac, Bocua m [Ipmna), Kojn ce npuGmrxuo npy2xajy no mpapny jyr-cenep. Pasawunre reorpacbcke ojMINKe, YcnOBILTe Cy Mt KIMMATCKY PasHo- 1 Pax mpe.cransa ponyrsen pecbepar, Koji je npowsrant ta mebynaposno ckyny HO- HENSIEDLUNGEN ZWISCHEN ANTIKE UND MITTELALTER VON DER ARDENNEN BIS ZUR ADRIA*, oxpxaxiom y pajGypry 2004. rosune, nox HasmBoM Late Antigne and Early Byzantine fortifications in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Hinterland of the province of Dal 2 Lpujuh 1966, 6. 3. Wilkes 1969, 46-47, 78-79: Mécsy 1970, 9-16; Mupkosuh 1994, 75.sMKocr, TaKO ja ce y upuMOpjy cpeheMo ca MejtuTEpAHHCKOM KIHMOM, OK y sasteby noMuupajy yMepeva H Hapasmra KouTMMeNTamHa KiruMa.* Maxo cy reorpaipcke okommocrn siarHo orexapane Tpacuparse nyTHHX mpa- Bana y 3aneby npormmusje Jammanuja, nocrojare cy 6pojue KoMyHMKantje, Kako Gu ce OGe36eqHO HeCMeTaHH TpaxcnOpr AparoyeHux cupOBMHa, KAO mrro cy ApBo, MeTad, co H cn. TlyTeBH cy yr1aBHOM MpaTHIM TOKOBE fOuMHA, koje cy opnjentcane y mpasuy jyr-cesep. Msyserak mpencrapya yeo nyTHe nese usmeby Catone m Cupmasjyma, na xeay tpace myra Servitium—Sirmium, Kojx je nono npexo Cibalae, kao u KOMYHNKaNje On nanaumer Capajena Ka HcTOKy, Koje cy ra nosesmmane ca pyuHM enrpuMa. [loMenyTt myrenit 7.2 the Boe Ka caBpemeHoM 3BopHmKy, Fopaxny, Yoxuny u YauKy.> Bucoxe, Henpoxonue 1ianuue, Koje ce Haase HenocpesHO u3a MpHOGAmHOr nojaca, opanKyjy ce Mam Opojem MPOXoAHAX MpeBoja, NEKO KOjUX ce MO- mo crishir 13 mpUMOpcKHX oGHacTH y YxyTpammHoct. Tako cy Ha nasi Be- nleGur nocrojaia mea npenasa, Np YeMy ce mpeKo cesepHor u3 Cerba cru3a~ io no tepwropuje Janona, y naxtamsoj Tou, x Cucka na oGant Cane, 1OK ce ua jyxuom xpajy BeneOura nanaauo nyt Koju je nowesupao JluKy 1 oGnact Pasuux Korapa. Ocum Tora, Ka YHyTpammboctu je BOxHO H mpea3 MpeKo Kaica, onaxse ce nyr nasbe npyxao Ka CHESCKOM NOY, KAO H KOMYHMKAIII- ja Koja je uparuma Tox Heperae. Taxobe nama uasojurn nyt Koju je Bono Ka joamA Yue u Cane, Kao HmyT- uu npasan, on Bypuyma ka Hapoun, Koja je mponasuo xpos Andetrium (Myh) mpexo Uuxoza slomme, a 3aTHM Kpos Cuscko u VimorcKo nome, Ka NOmmHE TpeGwxara, Koja ce nanasu Kon JbyGyunKe « Haponte. Hopes tora, nocroja- ule cy 4 TpH raapne KoMynukanurje on Canone Ka yHyTpaunpocri. Ty ce pe caera usyipaja nyT Ka cesepy, Canona-Cun (Aequum), Kom BORK MpeKO AK- vapexux Asm, 7), mpeasa [posor, xa Jmpuy u Pnamouy, a 3aTHM Ka anTH- KOM Hacesby Servitium. [Ipyru myrus npapan, Kojut je BonHO Ka ceBeposamtazy, mpenaso je mpexo Llerune Ko Mecra Tilurium, Te mpeKo mpenasa APKAHO ka Iyparsckom omy. Oxarae je yr jane BoxNo mpeKo CeBepHEX manna JbyGymta (Mons Bulsinius) xa noms Pane, a sata xpos yommmy Heperse Ka Kormuy. Torom je cxperao ka ceseposanany « mpexo npenasa Max noqno Ka oman Bocue. [lyk katona Heperee unje nocrojao nyr, Beh ce 13 o6z1a- crm oxo Mocrapa y sanebe mposunituje crusano npexo name [Iper. Jour jena Tpaca nomuia je 13 Catone mpexo lysarscxor noxa y npasuy Kynpe- ca, a NOTOM Ka ropHem sleny KOTAHHe BpGaca oxo Byrojita, re ka JTautwa o- AMM, eMeurreHo} y oxo TpaBHEka. Ocust Tora, noctojao je 1 myt on Ha- pone ka TpeGmpy xpos Tonono nose, Kojmt cy ce ua6erapate MaKe OKO Boxe # xojut je noquo no Huxmmba yomme Sere, onakie ce nae mpyxao ka Cxanpy Jbemyy.? Pomannsanuja nposmanije Hammanuja, nacerene Vupia, sanoweza je of- Max lo eHoM crsaparby. Ha mponec m mpasye puncKe KomOHNsaruje yruta- le cy pe cnera reo-KTIMATCKe OMIMKe, KAO M Pecypeit, Koji cy onpebupasit Mpuspeyny jexarHoct oxpebene oGnacr. Crora cy y sazeby somumEparit IIyMaperso, pyaapcrao, Koje ce onHocHO Ha Baberbe pyna MeTaa,® amu H Ha 4 Wilkes 1969, XXII-XXV. 5 Wilkes 1969, XXVI-XXVII. 6 Wilkes 1969, XXI-XXVII. 7 Wilkes 1969, XXV-XXVI 8 PaSalié 1975, 294-304, map I; DuSanié 1995, 219-226. TEPHUA MILEXAP- 18,KACHOABTIEIKA HPAHOBHSAHTHJCKA YIBPBEBA Y BOCHH 1 XEPUETOBITHA (GAJEBE MPOBHHLWE HARMANMIA) 19 excruioaranujy coum, Kao H MoONpuBpe/Ha HenaTHOCT ¥ BUY paraperBa 1 crowapersa, Koja je Gita OrpaHHena Ha YcKe MLIOAHe HOAMHE AY>X PeKA, Kao miro je Heperna, num nak wa pasuusiapeke mpenene y saneby, 738. noma (I: MO4KO, JIMBaHCKO...). Hoxonpujomiio Cranopummmro ce nppencrseHo orpanMm1o Ha HIDKe O611a- c™, re cy HHKIH YpGaHH NeHTpH, NOK cy ce Ha BehuM BHICHHAMA HaasiUH canto pyHHMLYH, KAO H Mambe ROjHe MocTaje Koje cy KoHTpomucane nyTHe Mpan- ne. TOKOM KacHoalTHUKOr nepHowa, cHTYaNIja ce y HATH} MepHt Meta, Oy yhn ja om1a3H 10 BapBapeKHX Hajesa Koje cy NpHMopaite CraHOBHUITBO 1a cac ToTpaxi Ha BehMM HagMOpCKHM BHCHHAMA H TexKe MpucTynatHHM, yraphewun nonoxkajuna. ToKoM jocagammux ucrpaxnpara youen je y saeby mposmmuusje Havant ja suayajax Opoj cbopruduxanuja ca KacHoaHTHTaKHM WUE panoBsaNTHjCKUM xopusontom. Haxanocr, crenen HerpaxeHOocTu mojemmux oGuacra Hnje yjenuayen, Tako na ce y Hocasmy, ay ToKa Bocue, Kao m y OKONMIH aHTH- Kor rpajla Domavia, jabmajy npasie sone, Koje cBaKAKO Hcy MocAeAUUA He- HacemeHoCTH TOKOM KacHe aHTHKe, OyAyhm Wa ce y THM OOmacTuMa Hasaze sHa¥ajum mpupogum pecypeu, nonyT monHHX joa AY: PeKe Bocue 1 we- HIX MpHTOKa, WIM PyquNKa y wero RO] Boca. Apxeonourxo mpoyyaname Bocue u Xeprerosune sanoyero je jout Kpajem XIX nexa, Kajla cy Opojuu uerpaxupauu, mpe caux B. Pazuncxn nb. Duara, ciposesiu Gpojtta pekorHocunparsa, OK cy y MojemMAUM cay¥ajeBuMa BpIie- Ha H Maia COMMMkHa HeKOaBatba. /JasbH TOK UCTpaxuBasLa OHo je mpe cue Tra yeMepeH Ha NoKamuTeTe 13 MpaMcTopujckor mepuosa, TaKo jla je Mam Gpoj KacHoaNTHUKHX yraphersa apxeonOUIKK HeTpaxeH H nyGAHKOBAH Ha ajexnaran aunt, Saxparbyjyhlt BENHKOM MoxyXBATY, Kojdl je PeaysITUpaod W3~ jaBaibem Apxeonowxo? aexcuxona Bocue u Xepyezooune 1988. roxme, omoryhen je ysu y Opojia Hanasumra KacHoanTMuKor mepHona, Maja je OH y BeauKoj Mepl oFpanuuen, Oynybu ja je SHavajHM eo HUchopMamlja caKy- TubeH MpwANKOM PeKOrHocuMparba, MMe CMO HepeTKO OcTa:m yeKpaheHH 1 3a HajocHopuuje nogarke. Tpe6a MebyTuM ncrahn ja je, no urranmarby 1eK- cukoHa, JoULIO Ao NojavaHor MHTepecoBalba 3a OBY MpoOGNeMaTHKY, ITO je OBeTO HO CONTAKHNX HcKONABAISA Ha NOKanMTeTHMa Fpapan, x Buorparut, IpHANKOM KOjuX cy caKYTIBeHH sHavajHH MonaMM. Haxasocr, HEMI nora ajar no Kojux je qouno ToKOM 90-NX FORMHA MPOMLIOT BeKA MPeKUHYNH cy MAM y BENMKO| Mepu OTeXKaTH cpa axa Mpoyyaarsa. Ha ocuosy pacrioroxuse rpabe, yrephersa ce a ocHony cuoje Hoppumtie Mo- TY MOJemMEH Ha: BeAUKa, cpejtisa H Malta yrapherba, ROK cy y noceGuy rpyny u3qpojene yrapye, ja HaM Hlompumta Hirje nosHara. ¥ mpsy rpyny cy cep crane poptucpukanuje ca noppulniom Behom ox 1 xa, y Apyry yTBpye Bemu- ume wameby 0,5 1 1 xa, a y Tpehy yraphersa nompumue Maise oy, 0,5 xa. BEJIMKA YTBPBEIbA Y npay rpyny yrepherba cuagajy cpasmepuo nemaKe dpopripuxauurje ca n0- BpUmMHOM BehoM On 1 Xa, KOje Cy YrnaBHOM cMeIITeHe MSHA PEMHUX TOKOBA WIM MIORMNX Hoa. Yrsple MOAUTHYTe HIHAR MaTOOPO}HAX MIOHHX PABHI- a NpBeHCTBeHO cy HMaue sanaraK [a oMOryhe HecMeTanY To.ONpuBpesHy akTuBHOCT, « Hope HoBTaNeHa Ha Behe HajIMOPCKe BUCHHE, ROK cy ca pyre crpante npencranmane 1 HeKy apcry caSupanx teHrapa 3a cMeurraj caKyrtbe- HUIX H MpOHSBENIEHUX HOGapa.Y saneby uposunuuje Jlaamayuja orxpusen je mann 6poj yraphewa one wp- cre, HBNX MeCT, OM KOJMX je HajGome HcrpaxeH ToKamaTeT LipKauta — Ma- xsenonau, Ho6o}. Ha oo 5 KM ceseposanajo of JLoGoja, wastan yutha Yeope y Bocny, wa ne- Boj o6am, uasasu ce yasuULeHe LIpKBexta, BitcoKO OKO 40 M, Ha KoMe je OF- kpiwew Bmuecnojun noKanurer Lipkeusa — Maxmenosan (10K. 6p. 1). Onaj OMMHaHTaH Oper, Koju KoHTpommue yuthe Ycope, Guo je samocenHyT jou! OF, ipawetopuje, ToKOM KacHOr HeomHTa, Kacne Opou3e u Muraber rBOs/leHOT [O- 6a. Tlopen upaucropujexux caojena, youenH cy TparoBit Kojil rroTu4y 113 1Ie- pHojla PuNCKe MpemactH, KacHe AHTIKe, KAO Cem BEKA, O YeMY cBeTO- de OTKpHBeHa UPKBA HM HeKportona, Koje ce naryjy y nepuon IX-XIII pexa.? Eqpapy Hop, nonrronasan crapusa, pHIMKOM M3rpastrbe CBOT TeTIBHKOBIA a HOMeHYTOM y3BMLleHy, HaMIAo je Ha OKPeTHe apxeorOUIKe Haase 0 4e- My je oGanectuo B. PamMexor, Koji je Ha oBOM mpoctopy ToKOM 1890. rost= He crIpoBeo apxeostommKa WcrpaxkHBawa,! Tipunukow ricxonapaisa Koucraronano je, mpema pewma B. PaguMckor, pa- HoBusanrHjcKo yrapheme Henpapusuor Tpanesoumuor OGmmKa, KUMeHIHja 200 at (CH-J3) x 100 m (C3-JH), Koje ce cacrojx on akpontoma u nogrpalya, Koji uMajy npuGausHo ery oRpuny (ca. 1). boprucuxanuja je wsy3eTHO joGpo nosmMonupara, Gynyhu ja je ca cBNX crpaua, ceM Ha ceneposanany, oxpyxxea CYpMUM naguHana, Bejlemu yTapbera, mupune 2M, uMajy amma HANIEHGeHa Of HaH3MenIHO KOCO TIOCTABNCHOT KaMeHA TlopesaHtor Ma:tTepOM (rexstuxa opus spicatum), ox ce waMeby Hanasn rpnawan. ToKom uspaze yraphewa kopuuhene cy puMcKe crommje, Koje Hajseposarmisje MoTHYy ca Apyrnx nokanurera, Ha KojiMa ce Hastaze Karmuen rocacheru Cerruntitjy Ce- sepy u Jymujut Jona, kao u peTepannma I koxopre Bearuartopym, onHOCHO Ixoxopre uanuje Xucnantopym. 3uqune yraphersa Oue cy ojavane Kyaama npanoyraoor u rparesommiior OGmnKa, Ges sufla ca samre crpane, Koje cy TOMBaHe Ha MecTY Mpenamarsa Oepena, Ocum Kya Ha siunawa, youetta je u kysta Henpaswmor npaBoyraoxor OOmHKa, Koja ce HasasiiIa Ha Hajsiuo} ‘rauku akponioma.!! Topeg nasenenor, osoj rpynu yraphera npamanajy u enenehn noxanreru: Osan Tpay— "ene, Bocancxn Hon (110K. Gp. 2), 16,5 xm jyroncrouo on Bo- caucxor Hopor. IIprmkom peKorHocumpaisa, KOHCTaToBaua je Kpy>kHa Ky- gia npesuuxa 10 sm, Kao u cboca ncripen yraphera. (AL BiH 1988, 02.74, 38—'B. Bactep) Kanaypa ~ Jenammuosuu, Cancun mocr (10x. Op. 3), 11,3 xm jyrosanazuo on ‘Cancxor mocra. (AL BiH 1988, 10.109, 147—B. Uosuh) Tpagmua (pagan) — Passo, Kynpec (nox. 6p. 4), 54 xm jyrouctouxo of Jaj- ua. Ha onom noxammrety Hamaan ce yraphere Tpoyraovor o6sHKa, YOKBUpe- Ho Gegemma ca {Be CrpaHe, AOx je tpeha samtuhena crpMom naguHom. Ka- nuja, Kpo3 Kojy ce yaasn0 y yrapy, umpoxa je 2,15 mm HanasH ce na ueTOu- oj crpanu. (AL Biff 1988, 12.91, 178 -'B. Bacnep; Bacuep 1953, 337) 9) Radimsky 1891, 251-252, 258-260; Cremosnik 1951, 249; AL BiH! 1988, 04.14. Crkvina — Makljenovac, Doboj (D. Basler), 62-63. 10 Radimsky 1891, 253-257. 11 Radimsky 1891, 253; AL BéH 1988, 04.14. Crkvina — Makljenovac, Doboj (B. Basler), 62-63; Basler 1972, 54. TEPHIYA WIEXAP. 20KACHOAHTIUKA WPAHOBH3AHTHICKA YTRPBEIBA Y BOCHH XEPIEFOBHHML (GATEBE NPOBMEIWE HATIMANIIA) 21 CULL. UPKBHHA-MAKIGEHOBALL FIPEMA BASLER 1972, FIG. 28 Tpanan—Moxponor — I'yave, Buicoxo (0x. 6p. 5), 10,2 xm jyrosamanHo of, Kaxwa. (AL BiH 1988, 14.79, 19 — M. Bojanoscxn) Tpanuna —Penuhu, [lysuo (10K. 6p. 6), 21 km jyrosamajHo ont Jlysna. (AL BiH 1988, 23.115, 266 - B. “Losuh) YTBPBEIbA CA MOBPIIMHOM Off 0,5 HO 1 XA ‘Yrwphewsuna cpenise nemmame npananajy dboprubuxaruje suutectpyke Ha- Mee, Koje cy ce yriaBHoM Haasiie Ha RehUM HayMOpCKMM BucuHaMa. Cme~ MNTeHe Ha MOBO/SHUM TONOXajHMa, Morse cy HMATH ysKujy pecbyrujyma, auIM M CTpATeWIKEX TaYaKa ca KOjHX cy KOHTPONNCAHN MyTHE MpABINE KO} CY nosesnsanu pyjuuxe ca ypOanmn yertpuna. Mayserax npeyicrasa z0Kas-ter Moropjeao, #a KoMe ce HanaaH, 3a caja, jenuno nosHaro yraphetbe y 3a- seby nposuunuje Jammauuja, koje je TOKOM KacHoaHTu4Kor nepuona G10 cneurreno y papas Bynyhut na cy TOKOM jocaqaumbux HerpaxkuRawa, HopeR peKorHocHuparsa, na nojenuHun yrepheruma cnponeyena K conaxna HCKOMABAHA, U3ABajaMo HeKOMUKO NOKaMHTeTA UHjH HAM crenlem ueTpaxeHocTH oMoryhapa BIR ¥ 2XKUBOT TOKOM KACHOAHTHKOF TlepHojia. Y Gausinor Yareune, oko 2 xo jyrosananHo, Haast ce 1oKamuTet Moropje~ no (10x. 6p. 7), re ce, ememrreHa Ha Opexymxy, Hanasn popracbuKarsja, ju Menauja 92 m (CH-J3) x 75 m (C3-JM), Kojy je wsmeby 1899-1903, rouse wc- ‘rpaxxupao K. Hav (cx. 2). Cymehu mpema nocanamsint pesyararima WeKkona- Barba, Ha OBOM MecTy je TOKOM I ReKa H, €, HOAHTHYTO BeHKO MpHBpEILHO uMae ca mpaTehuM oOjekTHMa, 3a TOyMUpHRarbe NOTpeOa craxoBNMITBA o6mmxwe Hapone, koje je Hacrpajano y noxapy TOKO III Bexa. [Ipummkom oGuone, Koja je yenenuna y IV BeKy, MOgurHyT je GeneM OKO HMatba, ojatar a YrnoBMMa HeTypeHIM KBaqpATHHM KYTaNA, AMMEHsHja 7,5 M x 7,5 M Ha ce- Bepy, 3anayly HjYTY, [OK Ce Ha HCTOKY Hanasiia yBy¥eHa Kpy2Ha Kya, mpes- Hua 7,5 M. Tpmnikom noyuraaisa yrapye, HOUrTOBaHH cy aHTH'KK MpwEMATHt arpayttee, no Koja je wiTana yHyTpamsocr Guia nopemexa Ha YeTHpH jle- la jigeMa maBHUM yammaMa, cardo u decumanus. ¥ yrapherse ce Mors10 mpi CTYTNTH H3 eTHPH MpaBra, MpH YeMy cy TpH KaMHje Grune aaNKupante ca 10 Be HICTYpeHe KBanpaTHe Kyme, NOK ce Ha jyroHcTONHO} crpaHit Hamla3Ho Ma~ oil ysra3 ojavian jemHoM KpampaTHOM KysIoM. Vayrap GeyeMa wasase ce HH- KOpHopupann jeoBK paliujer MOOMpHBpeAKOr KoMILIeKca (npocTopuje passimanror Kapaxrepa), Koje cy H ase Guue y ynorpeOu, Kao H jeqHocnpar- Ha mamara.!? Ha ocwosy npouabenor Hosa Xonopuja us 388. ronae, oTKpuBeHor y cxo- jy ropema, cmarpa ce a je yrspna Hacrpaasa Kpajem IV, nouerKom V BeKa. [Bynyhit ga je KOHCTaTOBAHO HAKHAHO 3asubuBaHe SAMANHNX, KAO H CyKaBa- the HCTOMHUX BpaTa, MOXKE Ce JAKBYNTH Ja je MOCTe HesaNpAMBOT BApBAP- cKor Hazera cbopruduxanmja Guta OGHOBMeHa, a 3aTHM, MOHOBO, NpHBpeMe- no wanynrrena,!3 Toxom VI zexa, yrepherse je noHoB0 Kopumtheno, 6ynyhu qa cy Taya, y ce- BepHOM yruly yrapberba, Ha NpOcTopy HeKajlabe NanaTe, MOMMTHYTE ABE Up- xse. Cenepia upksa uma nuMexsuje 21,40 m (]-3) x 14,05 « (C-3), u mpen- craBma TpoGpomi THM ca HaOcoM, MpH Yemy je ceBepHU GPO NonemeH Ha ap onaje, on ROjUX eHTpAIHA HMA KpcToGpazxy macumny. Ca crlomalne crpanie ancuge nomurnyre cy Tpit rpoOHMme MpasoyraoHor OOMUKa, Be ca cenepue u jequa ca jyxxne etpane. Hacympor cesepHoj, jyaktia upKBa je jenHo- crapuujer o6muxa, 6ynyhu a ce cacroju on jenor 6pona ca Haocom. Fhene uMensuje waHoce 18,5 m (M3) x 10,40 m (C-J).!4 Topen wanenennx rparoga apxuteKtype, Ha mpoctopy Kojit je 3aysuMas10 yraphewe, Kao m y terosoj HenlocpeqHo} GwsHHH, HcTpaxeHH cy "TparoBit KachoanTHuKe u Kacnuje cpenmonexonue HeKpoone. inax, Gynyhu ya Hnje 12. AL BiH 1988, 25.224. Mogorjelo, Capljina (D. Basler, N. Mileti¢), 331; Dyggve, Vetters, 1966, 2, 7-44; Basler 1972, 38-41. 13, Basler 1972, 42. 14 Dygave, Vetters, 44-51, Basler 1972, 97-100. IEPA IITEXAP.iL MOTOPIENO, MATUBHEIA, IIPEMA BASLER 1993, FIG. 3-4cauypana TepencKa jokyMeHraumja, Te ya OTKpuBeHM Hanasit HUCy MmyGMNKO- aH Ha ayleKBaTan 1a4uH, HeMoryhe je ca curypHowhy HsspumTH eTHEKO XpoHONOMIKo ompesteserse.!5 Haxon pacnaja werTpamue BnacrH Ha OBMM MpocropHMa, HOULIO je jlo Hany- urrama Moropjema, koje je 1oHOB0 HacTaiexo ToKOMt VIII BeKa, cyjtehi npe- Ma nazlaay patloKapomuMunKe nojacHe rapaurype.!6 Oxo 10 Km ceweposanagno on Buxaha, uanasu ce yrepherse Byrap pax (Tpamma) — Popa Tara ~ Byrap, Burxah (10K. 6p. 8), cMemteno y3 necty oGany Kopane. [Ipummxom oOwiacka tepena, Koucrarosaite cy pyutenmite yrppye #3 nepnoya IV-VI pexa, umensuja 158 x (M3) x 50 m (C-1), Koja je Guta nojemexa 3ujoM Ha NcTOuHH (aKportom) H-3araHK (NoArpabe) jeo (cH. 3). ¥ ymapheme ce ynasuno ca sanaque crpane, rae ce Hamasuaa Kanuja qbxanxupana ca ype Kpyaxne xysre, [lope ope Be, KoHCTaTOBaHe cy jou Tp kyme mlenrManor OGAMKA, Of KOjMX ce jena HaasuNa Ha cnojy HompesHor ima jyaxHor Geylema, & ypyre jee, Ha HeTOUMOM Kpajy jyxHor GeneMa, Kojit je ouurnenuo 6uo uajyrpoxennju. Tpanuxom uarpamrse GeneMa, Koja je pa- hen y rextuus opus mixtum, kopuuuhene cy 4 onexe ca narmucom (H)ERACLI. Yuyrap axporioma, orkpunena je # Maia IpKRa TOTORO KBampATHe OCHOBE, muscenuja 16 w (M3) x 14m (C-I).17 Y Gawsnun Knysa, oxo 25 kM ceneposanaquo, nanayy uspopunrra Carte, wa asi ce aoxanurer [pay ~Toprsu BpGssaun, Kosys (10K. 6p. 9), Koji je cme Iren usta tyGoKor Karbona noToKa JIysuuue. 3axBamyjyhn cBom no-TOxajy, nomenyrit mpocrop je jom ToKOM mpastcropujcxor nepitosla Kopuuther Kao rpajuia, Ha GH MlocHe BHIMeBeKOBHE May3e, y BpeMe KacHle ANTHKE OHOBO Guo sanocepuyr. Crom pomejcKe mpeanacrH Ha oBHM MpocropuMa [oBeO je nonoBO j10 KpaTKOTpajior Hanymrrarsa, Ja Gu ToKOM VIII w IX BeKa, upema pesuMa Herpaxirna‘ia, OU 10 HOBOF Hacesbapaisa.|8 Tipunixom semubanux pajtona, cnposenenmx 1966, roxmme, youenHt cy Ha oBOM notecy TparoB KaMeHor 3ifjfa BesaHor ManTepom. Crora cy HapeyiHe Be TO- Cu. 3. BYTAP FPA (CPARMHA) —TOPIA TATA -BYTAP, BAXAR, IIPEMA RADINSKY 1893, FIG. 26 15 Basler 1972, 47; Mileti¢ 1984, 387. 16 Wemer 1961, 241-242. 17 Radimsky 1893, 51; Basler 1972, 54-55; AL BiH! 1988, 01.10. Bugar Grad (Gradina) ~ Gornja Gata — Bugar, Bihaé (D. Basler), 14. 18 Basler 1972, 52-54; AL BiH 1988, 10.63. Grad ~ Gomi Vrbljani, Kljué (V. Paskvalin), 144, HEPHUA MITEXAPKACHOAHTHUKA, MPAHOBU3AHTHICKA YIBPBEIA ¥ BOCHHH. XEPHIEFORMHM GATEBE IPOBHHLWE JAIMAUUIA) 25 jue npenysera coMjakHa MCTpaxksBalba, TOKOM KojHx je Ha Bpxy YIBMIEHA youeHa rpaguia 43 rBOIAeHO JOGA, Ha KOjy Hamexe KacHOaHTHUKa yrBpya (IV-VI nex) pumensuja 110 m (C-J) x 65 m (H-3), Kog Koje cy Genemu orkpu- ReHH caMO Ha CeBepHoj i 2aMajlHo] CTpaHH, OK cy ce Ha HCTOKY H Samajty Ha~ alasue crpMe namie (ci. 4). ToKOM McKoTaBaiba, KOHCTaTOBAHH cy Geen Ge3 Kya, pabenm TexHUKOM opus incertum, MUjst Cy TeMesHH OHI IUIHTKO YKO- nan y 3encby, y yun of, 0,30 M. OcuM Tora, OTKpHBeH je H MpsLIas YrBp- bemy ca cemepue crpane, ta KojeM ce Hasasiia H fossa, KAO M ynas Ha samay- Hom Geyemy.? Ocum sua, wa cesepxoj crpanm yraphesa orkpusena je rpabesuud mpu- caowena y3 cepepHnt Geqem. FIpema pykosoquony HcKonaBaiba, V1. Bojanos- CKOM, pafiit ce 0 cTaMGeHOM KOMIVIeKcy AuMeH3Hja 23,45 x 9,90 M, HaMeRe- HOM BOjHOj HlocanH, Koju je uapabert ON NOMeHOr H MpHTecaHOr KaMeHA NO Be3aHor MasiTepoM. Kommtexc ce cactoji oy 1eHTpaine ogaje HenpaBiHOr apanesounuor oGmka, musenauja 10,10-11,10 « (M-3) x 9-9,90 « (CI), y Kojy ce npuerynano ca ucroune crpaxe. Mis nenrpasue npoctopuje ce toro yaasu0 y Offajy ca suaHOM mehut, a 3 He Y MarbY Mpocropajy muMeHsIja 530 m (C-I) x 2,28 m (H-3), Koja je, Moxa, umana cymxuujy kyxnupe. To (1.4, FPAM.-POPIH BPB.DAH, KIbY4, IIPEMA BASLER 1993, 1G. 20-21 19 Bojanovski 1967, 119-120; Bojanovski 1968, 156-157; Basler 1972, 52-4; AL BiH 1988, 10.63. Grad = Gomji Vrbljani, KIjué (V. Patkvalin), 144,pent cramGevior KoMmuteKea, KoHCTaroBama je M uerepHla Uspahensa o xupa- YaHMHOr MasITepa, Ca NOsOM Of, OneKa.20 Ceneposanaquo on Bama lye, wa ynamenocrat on 35 xm, Hasiasit ce OKA ‘rer 3enosu — Yapaxono, [Ipujenop (10K. Gp. 10). [puzmKost xpahux ucrpa~ >xxuBatba, KoucTaTonana je MpantcTopujcka rpasumia 3atocemmyra jout TOKON eneomitra, Ha Kojy HasexXe KacHoaHTHUKO yraphere Henpasimior opaHOr oGrmxa, juumensija 130m (C-J) x 50m (H-3) (cx. 5). Y uumwy nerpazxnparsa YuyTpatubocru yTapre, OTBOPeH je Y HCTONHOM fey KOHTPONHH POB, OPH jeutrucam y npasity cenep-jyr, ux70 je omoryhus10 a ce nopex mpaicropnjcKe Koxcraryje « Marepujanua KysTypa pumckor mepuoxa. Ocunt cnojena nace- JbaBatba, KOHCTaTOBana je, y jyASHOM jlery yrspherba, rpabesuna Henpasyn- HOF TpanesongHor OGmuKa ca Tpu onaje, wuje puMeHsuje usHOce 15 x 15 M, Kao H ABOMeTHM OGjexar puMensuja 15 (C-J) x 10 xt (M-3) y cenepuom ne~ ay yrapheta, ve npaxoyraowa ipxwa ca HapreKcom, umensitja 20 M (CH-I3) x 10 m (C3-JM), y uenrpasHom peny yrspbena.?! — CU 5. 3EMOBH, PEMA BASLER 1972, FIG. 26 Tlopen wanenenux yraphera, y ony rpyny ciapajy m opruduKanje caus HX UMeHSHja, KOje cy OTKPHBeHe Ha CHenehHM AOKamHTeTIMA: Jlowe Bprove 1 — Jlowe Bproue, [Ipsap (10x. Gp. 11), 5,3 xs ceseposamasto on JIpsapa. (AL Bi 1988, 11.31, 147 —B. Yosh) Tpaqmna—Ipxosun, Bocanexo Ppaxono (10K. 6p. 12), 33 kM jyroucrouno on, Tpeapa. (AL BiH 1988, 11.61, 162 —B. “Losuh) Tloxosan, (Ilyxonatt) Xarruhn, Coxostan (10K. Op. 13), 45 kM ceseposartan- Ho on Buunerpana, (AL Biff 1988, 17.277, 105 — B. Ponenapma) Komrryp — JlaGpma, Cronay (s10K. 6p. 14), 8 kM cesepoucrouno o9 Crona. Yuyrap yTupbersa, Koucraropane cy j1Be YBY'eHe Kye KBaNpAaTHe ocHOBE, kao # upKsa y epestmumsem remy. (Bacnep 1972, 90; AL BiH 1988, 20.311, 184 ~B. Bacaep) Tpagan— Xaxamthu, 'aamou (0K. Gp. 15), 5,5 kM ceneposananuo on TnaMo- ua. ¥ oxpupy yraphera youeute cy que rpahenune u nucrepsa. (AL Bill 1988, 22.66, 238 — B. Tamxsanun) Benuxa rpagunta - Benaxu KaGauhn, Jusuo (xox. 6p. 16), 5 xo on Juba y mpasiy ceseposanajia. (AL BiH 1988, 22.275, 250 - B. Yosh) 20 Bojanovski 1967, 119-120; Bojanovski 1968, 156-158. 21 Cremofnik 1956, 137-138; Basler 1972, 5S. TEPHIIA WINEXAP 26KACHOAHTHYKA HPAHOBH3AHTHICKA YIBPBEWA Y BOCHH XEPHETOBHHM (GAIEBE NPOBMELIDE JAIMAUMIA) 27 MAJIA YTBPBEIbA Tpyny Manx yraphewa npercrannajy boprucuxannje ca nospumHos oft 0,5 xa, Koje cy Morne uMaTH jBojaKy (yHKuMjy, MonyT yrapqa mperxoHe rpy- me, Te cy cTora paBHoMepHo pacnopebene Kako pK MYTHEX mpapana, re cy Mane dbynxumjy KonrpoaTux nynkrona, Tako st Ha BehMM HasIMOpeKEM BIC Hana y cnojcrsy pecpyrnjysca. aaxo je noanar sehu Gpoj cpoprudpuxanssja koje mpurragtajy oBoj rpymt yrepherba, cera HeKosMKo Hx je apXcONOUIKH UCTpaKeHO MyTeM CONsaxKHUX HC~ Kortapatba, Taxo sla he peayaTarH Mpoysanaiba KACHOANTHMKOF Ht pPaHoBH3aH- ‘nujeKor nepuona 6urH npenoveHn Ha ocHoRY TpH NOKAMHTeTA. Ha oxo 30 kM jyroucrouno on Kara, na Gpery Koj ce y3quoxe oKo 40 Mu3- Haji oma KOje KONTpOAMIe, HaNasH ce NOKanHTeT Mpagan—Jlenenuua—Xo- Mosh, Kucesbak (110K. 6p. 17). Toxom HcKonapaisa cnponeyenmx 1931-1932, rome, om crpaxe B, Cxaputha, yrapheuo je ta ce pay 0 BitmecnojuoM s10- KaNuTeTy MPBOGUTHO HACTaHeHOM TOKOM HeoauTa. lopes rpaucropujckix cnojesa, KoHcraropanm cy m KacHoanTHuKu pecpyritiym ca upKBoM (V-VI Bex), KAO H cpeyHOBeKOBHA HeKponona.22 TIpwauxos apxeonourxux nerpaxkuparsa, yrapheno je 1a cy Gexenut ca cpinx crpauia oKpyxxunanu miaro (ca. 6), suje puMeHanje uas0ce 70 w (M-3) x 50. (C-J). Tom mpusmxom youes je ca yxyrpamise crpawe cesepxor Geena, 1a cpemMMbem eay, MpaBoyraouH OGjeKaT, Koji caja {Ba HeTORA cMaKHyTA xpaka, [omeHyri oGjekat Morao Ou HMaTH yHKunjy Kyste. OcuM Tora, He ‘rpaxena je u NoTepHa Ha 3anaHOM GeyeMy UEpHHe OKO 1,2 4.23 Y cepeposariaquiom yray yraphersa nama3u ce, yknonmena y Geeme,24 upKBa gunensuja 23.5. (M3) x 14,5 m (C-), anja je ancna n3Gavena san mpas- 1a mpy>kasba Gexema. Pau ce o rpabesunn Koja je uMana HapreKe M KpCTHO- iy ca jee oaje, y Kojy ce cHIa3H0 MpeKO TPH crenleHHKa H Ha Taj HATH gonaanuio o KperoOpasue nuciume. BOW Oposlosu oxor oGjeKra Tosese- ‘MM cy Ha jjBa sleta. TOKOM KacHOaHTHUKOr Nepmoya, KAKO ce UHHH, y HPKBH je W3BPIIeHO yKonaBamwe YeTUPH CKesTeTA, Of KOJHX ce jeslaH Hasla3n y jy>KHOM, a mpeocrasta Tpu y cesepuiom 6pony (ext. 7).25 oxamrret Epagan (Himmsaa) — Tops Koropau, Umuya (nox. 6p. 18) waa- aut ce 15 KM jyxxHo ox Capajena, y jyrocrounom jeny Capajesckor noma, Ha Opery Koji ra KouTposmute, Ha BPxY OBOF YSBIIEHA HAAS Ce THIATO sIUMeH- suja 115 we (C3-JM) x 40 w (CH=I3), sanje ce magune crpmo cnyurrajy (ca. 8) Bygyhu na je na jyroucrounoj x cesepozanaguoj crpannt naruG Gnax, one ce nasasn myr, KojsiM ce npsurasn yraphersy. Ha cpemmnn mopyaxne Oce matoa, Ha saa ce Hajanuia TauKa y BImy Crewe, of Koje Tepent napa y ceuM npaniuina2 22 Skavié 1932, 1, 8-20; AL Bill 1988, 14,78, Gradac — Lepenica — Homolj, Kiseljak (. Basler, N. Mileti), 19. 23 Skarié 1932, 1, 8-20. 24 Vern npmuyin upunessusas je u ua npocropy mposmunuje Moesia I. Ynopenwrn Je- remié, Milinkovié 1995, 210-211, Abb. 3. ‘25 Skari¢ 1932, 8-20; AL BiH 1988, 14.78. Gradac — Lepenica - Homolj, Kiseljak (D, Basler, N. Mileti), 19. 26 AL BiH 1988, 15.105. Gradac (Ilinjata) ~ Gornji Kotorac, llidéa (D. Basler, L. FekeZa), 44; Feketa 1990, 155-158,Cu. 6-7, PPATIALL- HENIEHHIIA -XOMO%B, KUCEIAK, MIPEMA SKARIC 1932, FIG. 4-5KACHOAHTHEIKA UM PAHOBH3AHTHICKA YIBPBEWA ¥ BOCHH H XEPLIEFOBHEH, GAREBE NPOBHELE JANMAUINA) 29 Tloxammrer je neoma panto ocneo y -xIDKy apxeonoMKux HHTepecoBalta, Gy- ryhu na je 1926. ronuse B. Ckapuh cmposeo Ha os0M mpocropy HicKonaBara. Kaxo pesyarar ucrpaxuparsa nucy oGjasmenn, J. Kopomen ce neKommKxo peuenja Kacusije npuxsaruo OGpage osysaxux Hazasa, [Io pamer HOMaKa y Tpoytaparby, toumt0 je Kpajeat 80-sx ronuHa MPOULIOT BeKa, Kaya cy 1a OBOM morecy cnponeneHa HoBa, conMaxKHA HerpaxiBatba.?7 Tokom 1ickonanawa, youen je npancropujcku on6paMGexu oMoray, Ha KOjit Halexe KacHoaMTHNKH GejeM KOjM MpaTH UBHNE MuTaTOA, HAMUHeH ON KAMC~ Ha uw Mastrepa, uja mupstia napupa on 0,8-1 m. Yuyrap Geema KocTaTORa- xa je u jemmoGpogua upkea auMmersuja 14 m (M3) x 9 m (CJ), Koja je cpojom ceBepHOM crpaHoM yKmyvena y Genem. Lipkpa je wspahena Texiukom opus incertum w cactoju ce on HapreKca, Haoca jy>kHe mpocropuje. ToKOM Kacumjer mepuoga y ynazy y jyxkuy onajy yxonau je jenan, a y cesepoucrounm yrao Hap- ‘rexca joni wpa ckenerHa rpoGa.?8 ‘Ha 12,5 KM jyrosanageo ox Mocrapa Hanasm ce noKanwrer Buorpamt — JI anrmye, Mocrap (10K. 6p. 19), Koji je cmeurren na Gpexys.xy qumensuja 90 (C3) x 40 st (CH-I3), ca Kora je xourpomucano MocrapeKo Garo. Hisy- seran moaoxaj GpexymKa pau je mpuneTHo B. Panuncxat, Koja je Ha oBOM Mecry jou 1894, rogue youuo Tparose (popruduxaruje (cx. 9)29 Tipwmkom uckonapama, cmpopeyeHHx roTono ‘mrTan Bek Kacttje, KoHcTaTO- nana je yrapaa noquruyta 3a Bpeme puncke mpewiacrH, TOKOM IIT wt IV pexa. TOKOM w3rpagise Geyema, wuja uMpuua Bapspa on 0,6-0,7 st, KopumheHa je Texnmxa opus spicatum, Koja je Guna npuMerena M Koy H3rpayiee [Be Kyse, Koje cy cbnankupane ys1a3 ca cenepue crpane. Yayrap yraphersa youen je Sku 6poj rpabesuria cmeurenux ny>k GeneMa, Koje cy, HajBepoBarHnje, eny- 2KuuIe 3a CMeUITaj Boje Mocage. Tope opaja 3a crawoBare, KoHCTaTOBAHe Cy 1M MlOPyMcKe mpocropuije ca XHAPayNMHUM MaurTepOM, Y KOjMMa ce CKYTLDa- Jla KMMIAMMAa, Kao M mpage wKCTepHe OGNOxeHE Ha MeTH Ha4HH.2 Tipema H. Upemoumux, xoja je nonwia uckonapama, yrspaa je momurnyra ‘roxom III wnt IV gexa, ia Om pen Onackomthy on KACHHjEX BapBapcKUX Ha- aera, cuctem yrephunaisa Oo OHEKMe MOAN pHKOBaH TOAHsaEM NOTHTO- HANHUX Kya, KAO 1 MpOTeHXHIMe. SaMMMEHBY NOjaBy mpercrapz4a oOjeKar YkubyeH CBojOM HCTOMHOM CTpAHOM y Geylem, c Tun Ha je jenax Heo OGjeKra, Xojirmra OOmitK anicute, W3GavieH usBaH MpaBya Npyxkatba Geena, Bynyhw Ae PYKOBONMIAN HeTpaxURAHA MOMeHYTH OOjeKaT AecbuAMMe Kao KysIY, ocTaje ‘OTBOpEHO MMTAIbE ja Ce H OBE MOXKHa PAH O UPKBH YKTOTBEHO} y Geneme, Kao ITO je cny4aj ca NpeTxonHa Ba NOKamMMTeTa (10K. Gp. 17 w 18)! ‘Ha ocony caxymmenor marepyjaa, Moxke ce saxnysurH sa je yrepiia KOpH- athena TOKom IV Beka, 0 NeMy cBenOve H Hanasi Gponsaxe HapyKBUUe i KP- cracte ebuGyze (cx. 10/1-2). Tipex Koncrarom onackomhy, yrspia je o6HO- suena y VI sexy, Ha mira ynyhyje wanas dbuGys1e ca nocyspaheHom cTomoM (a. 10/3), kao nm amcbope (ca. 10/4). Yrapna je noxono Guna y ynorpeGut To- Kom VIII u IX nexa on nonyzayuje Koja je, npema peuuma H. Upemousutx, 27 FekeZa 1990, 155-156. 28 Fekea 1990, 158-161. 29 Radimsky 1894, 442-443. 30 Cremosnik 1989, 83-89. 31 Cremosnik 1989, 89-92.(COL 8. TPATIAL (HUI AMIA) - POPE KOTOPALL HIIMUIA, TIPEMA PEKEZA 1990, MAP 1om IEPHUA MINIEXAP 3031 2 260 (CA. 9, BHOTPAUIM — AHUITHLIE, MOCTAP, TIPEMA CREMOSNIK 1989, 85, Maa CHOBENCKE OWIKe, AnH je OHA NOx ¢ppanasKuM yrunajem, 4eMy y mpmaor rosopy OTKpuBeHa Mamy3a.32 Tipeocrana yraphersa koja cuajajy y oy rpyny Hanae ce ua cnenehaM noKa- surreTinaa: [pana —Topisa Herposnna, Kanecuja (10x. 6p. 20), 12,7 xm jyrouerouno on Tyane. (AL BiH 1988, 07.27, 106 -"B. Bacnep) Bpuruh —Tpaguma, Topise Parkouo ~ Vishnu, Kany (10x, 6p. 21), 12,5 xm ceneponcrouio ox Knyva. (AL BiH 1988, 10.202, 151 — B. Yosuih) Xpemun Ppax— Ywrayun, Coxonan (10x. 6p. 22), 37,5 KM ceneporananio on Bumerpana. Ha noKammrrery cy npusIMKoM oOuacKa TepeHa KOHCTaTORAH ojHM Genera. (AL Biff 1988, 17.149, 99 — B, Posenapuna) T pag Buorpag ~ 3a6phe, Koran (10K. 6p. 23), 2 xm ceneposanagno on Ko- muna. (AL Bill 1988, 21.97, 213— I. Aubenuh) 32 Cremoinik 1989, 89-92.(Ci. 10, BHOTPALEM = IMITATE, PEMA CREMOSNIK 1989, T. IIL, FIG.2, Tpagan—Torouanu ~Muxassepuths, Jiusuo (10K. Gp. 24), 5,3 xa on JInpna y upasuy jyroncroka. (AL Bi 1988, 22.68, 238 — M. Bojanoscxu) Tpajuta — Jlowu Pyjum, JIupso (10x. Op. 25), 25 KM ceseposanaio of Jun- na. (AL BiH 1988, 22.71, 239 — B. Yosuh) Tpanuua — Togrpanuua (Kamencka), Pnamou (110K. Op. 26), 4 xx jyroucrou- xo og Taamoua. Hipuauxom o6usaca reperta, youena je boca ca sanayne crpante. (AL BiH 1988, 22.81, 239 ~ B. Tamxsansn) Tagua —Pajuuxe, 'aamox (10K. Op. 27), 7,6 km ceneponcrouno ox I'namo- a, (AL BiH 1988, 22.89, 240 — B. Yosh) Tpequne —Torovanu, JInsuo (10x. Gp. 28), 6,5 xx oy JIusua y mpasuy jyro- ucroxa, (AL Bill 1988, 22.118, 242 — B. Yosh) Keewhena rpaguna — Yene6uh, Jupuo (10x. Gp. 29), 25,5 kM ceseposanayHo on Sapna, (AL Bil! 1988, 22.159, 244—B. Yonuh) Mapesuha rpaquua — Crapo ceo ~ Hapesnna, 'namox (10x. 6p. 30), 0,2 x jyroucrouso og Pnamoua. (AL BiH 1988, 22.186, 245-246 — B. Yosuth, T. Da- aut!) Tpanmna (pax) —Tpanan, Mocyusje (10x. Gp. 31), 36 xa jyroucrounto of Jlys- na. (AL Bill 1988, 23.93, 264 -"B. Bacnep, M. Kpanepuh) MEPHIA UINEXAP. 32KACHOAHTIUKA, MPAHOBHSATHICKA. YIBPBERA BOCHH 4 XEPLETOBMH GANEBE MPOBHHMHE SAIMAUVIA) 33 Tama —Herxa, Jlysnio (nok. 6p. 32), 4,5 kM cesepoucrouno on Hyssa. (AL BiH 1988, 23.104, 265 — B. Yosuh) Tpamuna — Tpucoje — Mepxosnbu, Jlyauo (0x. 6p. 33), 13,5 xm on Slypua y mpanny jyrosanana, (AL Bi 1988, 23.114, 266 — B. Yosith, M1. Bojanonckin) YTBPBEIA CA HEIIO3HATOM IOBPIIMHOM TloceGuy rpyny yraphema npencransbajy 10KamuTeTH Ha KojmMa cy mpym- KOM PeKorHocparsa youeuH (bopridbukaliMOHM eneMeHTH H TparoBit MaTe- Pujaiue Kyzrype, Koji cy on cTpante HerpaxHBava OMpenemeHH y KacHOaH- THMKH HepHOR, Ges OINDKHX NOMaTaKa O MANeRY WU AUMeHHjaMa yrephersa. Tloxoxaj ua kone cy KoncraTonana nomenyra yrephera je pasHospcran, Ta- KO fa ux cpehemo Ha y3niMILeHUMa H3Hay, JONAH Oma, Ay MyTHUX mpa- Balla, Ka Ht Ha OcaMMeHUM JOMEHAHTHUM TavKAMA. Y raxea yrephersa cnapajy oprnduxanuje Koucraronane Ha cnejebuM s10- kammrerama, Tpapmia — Canna, 3sopunx (s10K. 6p. 34), 15,5 KM ceneposanaguo on 3nop- nua, (AL Bil! 1988, 06.72, 91 —"B. Bacnep) Seneurpax — Xan Kona — Uyrxosuhm, Barsanyka (10x. Op. 35), 9 xm jyroaa- maquo on Barastyxe. (AL BiH 1988, 09.110, 133 ~ O. Jamakonuh) Swajesan —Eruhu, Uesmuan (10K. Gp. 36), 9,8 km on Barna JIyxe y npapny jy- roncroxa. (AL BiH 1988, 09.113, 133 — B. 'pamyx) [pag - Kujeso, Caucxu mocr (10x. 6p. 37), 7,3 ka jyroncrouno on Canckor Mocra. Ha osm oKavirrery, Koucraronana je Kpyxua kysra mpenunKa 10-15 M. (AL Bitt 1988, 10.65, 145 — B. Taurean) Tpaxa 'paquna —Topwe Parkono—Kounthu, Ky (10K. 6p. 38), 16,5 KM cesepoucrouno on Kysa. Yuyrap yraphema KoucTaTonau je akpomors ca nit- cTepHoM HHeKOMHKO OBjeKaTa, Kao H HOprpabe. (AL BiH 1988, 10.94, 146—B. Mapujanonith) Tpayuna, Uunoso (10x. Gp. 39), 14 KM ceneposamaguo of Jajua, (AL Bill 1988, 12.93, 22 ~ B. Mapujanonuh) Tlorana Paasma, Kympec (nox. 6p. 40), 44 xet on Jajuia y npasny jyra. (AL Bill 1988, 12.195, 184~—B. Bacnep) Benuxa spara, Kynpec (10x. 6p. 41), 36,5 KM jyroncrouno of Jajua. (AL Bill 1988, 12.255, 187 — B, Maueasm) Benuxu xamex — Bosaps, Iunioso (sox. Op. 42), 12 at jyxxno on Sajna. (AL BiH 1988, 12.256, 186 ~ B. Bacnep) Tagua — Aauxoue, Tasik (s10K, Gp. 43), 12,5 kM ceseposanagato on 3e- une. (AL BiH 1988, 13.64, 198 — A. Bena) BoGosauy (s10x. Gp. 44), 9,8 kM ceseponcrouno on Kaxwa. Ha noKanrery je KOHCTATOBAH caMO jeNaN ANTHUKE 311, Kojut ce HaNAsH y OKBUPY rnasue cpen- sonexosue kyae. (AL BifT 1988, 14.13, 15 —II. Aesth) Tpaguita ~ Ja6panuna, Bapeu (10K. 6p. 45), 17,5 xm jyroucrouno on Kata, Yuyrap yrepbera, xoncrarosaua je Oasuauka sumentauja 15,50 x 11,28 m, xoja nanexe a sacseyeny rpoOumny. (AL BiH 1988, 14.86, 19 —B, Tamxwanun, HL Materuh)Tpaguna (Cpanan) ~ Kapayna, Kaxass (nox. Gp. 46), 13 xs ceneposananno of, Kaxwa. (AL Bil! 1988, 14.91, 20—B. Tamxeanm) Me6eno 6px0, Capajeno ~ Lewrap (s10x. 6p. 47), (AL BiH 1988, 15.68, 42 B. Yosh) Tar—Hopu Jlyanhu —Tanemmne, Panxo (10x. 6p. 48), 11,7 xm jyroucrouso on Tauxor. (AL BiH 1988, 19.68, 144 -H. Manguh, H. Manetuh) Bujomxu Ppag, Cronau (10K. 6p. 49), 1 xm jyroncrouno on Croua. Ha n0Ka- surety cy youenn ocrans Geena rpahenor TexHMKOM opus spicatum, KOjm cy YHMUTreHH KACHUjUM AorpayiaMa TOKOM cpesiver HEKA, KAO H 3a BpeMe ay- crpicke prajapune. (AL BifT 1988, 20.540, 195 -B. Bacnep) Tpanan— Xyayrexo, Hposop (10x. Gp. 50), 19,5 xm on Korsima y mpasuy ce- neposanaga. (AL BiH 1988, 21.105, 213 —b. Bacnep) Tpaxuna —Togrpaguna, Jtupxo (10x. Gp. 51), 13,5 xm jyrozanaquo op Jasna. (AL BiH 1988, 22.82, 239 — B. Taurxpanmt) Congarosa (Benuka) rpaguaa — Ilystsaun, Pnamou (10x. Gp. 52), 12 KM ce- neposanamHo on Tnamoua. (AL BiH 1988, 22.249, 248 — B. Yosuh) Baaraj (Crjenan Ppa) — Baaraj, Mocrap (10x. 6p. 53), 12, 5 KM jyroucro- Ho oft Mocrapa. Toxo nerpaxuBarba youeHo je a ocraum cpesiboBeKoBHe hopruuxannje vanexy wa GexeMe 13 aNTHKOr M KacHOAHTHYKOr HepHoya. (Bacnep 1972, 47-48) Kapaonan, Yumayx (10K. Gp. 54), 15,5 xx jyrosamaaHo ox Mocrapa. (AL BiH 1988, 24.208, 300 ~'B. Bacnep) Kocwsaj — Bueruhu, “uray (10K. Gp. 55), 15,8 kx jyrosanapuo og Mocrapa. (AL BiH 1988, 24.217, 300 — 11. Auhenuh) Kpermna ~ Xananhe, Unray« (20K. 6p. 56), 16,8 KM jyrosamaquo on Mocra- pa. (AL Bill 1988, 24.236, 301 —B. Bacuep) Tpanwna - Busome Bpgo, Yampuna (10x. 6p. 57), 8,3 xm on Yarnane y npasny cesepouctoxa. (AZ BilT 1988, 25.110, 325— IT. Aubesuh) Tpayunia — Townes, Uarubuna (10K. Op. 58), 4 xa ceneponcrouno of Ua mbune. (AL Bill 1988, 25.133, 326-327 — (B. Mapujaxionuh, H. Mapajanonuh) Bpexonmna, Buxah (sox. 6p. 59), 1 xv cenepxo on Buxaha. Ha noxanurery cy orkpunenm rparonu GeyeMa, Kao H MeToyraowa Kys1a wUMeHsuja 10 x 6 N. (Pagumexy 1893; Lturneneuxu 1987, 105-106) Tecbepuy — Kpynau, Mamya (10x. 6p. 60), 11,5 xa jyrosanagHo on Capajena. Ha xoxaaurery nicy nponabeuu ocrammt matepujamie kysrype 13 KacHoar- ‘THYKOT-PaHOBH3aHTH|CKOF MepHopa, as OM ce yTBpsla, Ha OCHOBY CBor OOIH- Ka Hf KPYXHUX KYsla Koje cy Ha 160] KOHCTaTosaHe, Morvia Be3aTH 3a OBaj Me- puon. (Ceprejencxu 1947, 46-48; AL BiH! 1988, 15.379, 57—K. Tononowany, Ho- nosith, M. 2003, 103) 3AKIbYUHA PASMATPAIDA. Kpaj IV nexa m noverax Murpanije BeTHKHX eTHHUKHX rpynauuja, H3a3BaH nomackom Xyxa, mje mimonutiao HH nposEunjy Hamannja, Koja je nehu ne- PHOR Of CBor OcHHBArSA MpoBesla y Onaroners Mupa, GyAyhM fa ce Huje Hana TEPHILA IIEXAP 34KACHOAHTHMKA MPAHOBHSAHTHICKA YIBPBEWA ¥ BOCHH Tt XEPLEFOBHITH, GAREBE nrOBHEIUUE HATMAUIIA) 35 Suna qUpeKTHO Ha Yapy BapBAPCKUX MIeMeHA I ya ce Ha We] TepHTOpHiH on 70-ux roguna I Beka i. c. HNCy HamasuMe craMHo cralHONMpane Bojte 1O- cajle. [ps nopan o nono>xkajy xpamthancraa 4 UpKBeHOj Oprannsarpsjm Ha ‘TepH- ‘roprju Janmanuje norway c noverka IV nexa, Kaya je, 3a Bpeme [IuoKmenst- janopux nporonia xpuuthana — 304. roqmie, Kao My4eHUK nocrpapao cB. JloM- myc, mpaH enuckon Canone.>3 Mebyrum, nosunuje xpauthancrsa noGorbuta- ne cy Y6p30, usTo je JoBe.t0 jlo pazber javatba UPKBeHe opranmsanuje Ha MpO- cropy Jlammanuje, Tako ja Ha ocHony mucma Ey3eGuja Jeponuma 3 374. ro- WMHe 3HaMo 3a NocTojatse hakoua Jysujaua y rpagy Stridon, oqnocuo 3a Gu- cxyna rpaya Lupicin.4 Tlocne nogene Hapcrsa 395. rogue, y HoKyulajy na ce craGunusyjy npunu- Ke, nposnunuja je yxmysena y cacras Sanayor yapcrBa, Kao jeo jujeuese Viaupux.35 Capr Teogocuja I, Koja je yGpso yeneynma, poneza je 1 Ao m06y- ue Tora, Koj cy TOM MpHIHKoM, nycrouehu 3HaTaH Neo MpoBHEMHje, CTUNIH 1 NO siya Catoxe. [loverax BapBapexux mpoopa joBco je Ao fazer cna Gmewa nenrpanue Baacru, na je mposuunuja 437. roquHe Bpahena nox ynpa- By ucrouior jena Lapcrea. Minak, oba mpomena Huje fasta O4eKMBaHe pesys- ‘rare, Oymyhi fla je caMOBOrba TOKAIHHX YNPABKUKA NOBeLTA NO caMOcTAsKOr Hacrynata, Koje je O10 uspaxeno y Behoj WI MaIbO] Mepu, HONCBIL OR 454, rogue, 1a cBe 0 480. rogue, Kajla je npoBusmuja tpunojena Micrownom napersy.36 Miaxo ce Janmanuija spanuuno Hanasuna y cacrasy Mcrounor apcrea, 0M je-najupe ynpapmao Onoakap 43 Puna, HommnasHo npusnavajyhi saacr 3e- noua. Ocruparsem ocrpororekor kpamencraa na tay Mramuje, Janmanuja je yOuLIa nog ynpasy Teogopuxa, Kojm je OMe yupaBibao y ume ABopa y Kon- cranrunonomy. Joroop Poveja u Ocrporora yOp2o je, MebyTuM, noraxKen, Oyayhu ja cy 504. roqure ocrpororcKoM Kpasbencray Ipunojene npoBmANnje Dalmatia, Pannonia Il w Savia. Tipoumperse ocrpororcke tepuropuije 10Ben0 je no chopsmpaia nosux anwunncrparuanux jemmmna 525/526. roune, TaKO ‘a je Hammanujom u3 Canoue yupasmao Por Ocanu ca tuTyn0M comes Dal- matiae et Saviae.37 TokoM octpororexe Baaqanmie, HauHH ympaBmara, KAO MH Moje UpKBEHE opranmaannje uncy npetprenn sHavajne npomeHe, Gyayhu na cy y Bp10 Kpar~ kom paamaky y Canouy, Koja off 527. rouse uMa crarye apxuenuckomje, onpxana yea KoMIuIa. Ha ocHopy cayynanux crmicKopa YuecHUKa, casHajeMo a cy Ha NpBOM KORUMLIY, ONp»kaHOM 530. roqHHe, yeCTBOBATH apxHeMHCKOT Canone, Kao m ermmcKomM unja cy ce ceguurra astasuta y rpayonuna: Iadera (Banap), Arba (Pa6), Siscia (Cucax), Epidaurum (JlyOponuux), Scardona (Cxpanun), Narona (Bug), Bistua Nova (Senuna), Martar (Kowsn) « Capunje, unja yOukanuja Huje nosrara. Tp ronme Kacuuje, 533. roqmHe, Kao yuecHH- nt KOHIWIa japmajy ce HM emmMcKOnH rpagoBa Sarsenterensis (Kuromucauh), Muccara (Maxapcxa), Ludrum (Kan), 0X kao HOTMCHMKa OBOT ckynia HeMa 33 Zeiller 1967, 5, 7-8, 28; Wilkes 1969, 429; Kunxosuth 2004, 33. 34 Basler 1972, 26. 35. @epnyra 1957, 8-9, 19. 36 @epnyra 1957, 22-23; Wilkes 1969, 418-421; Basler 1972, 16. 37 Wilkes 1969, 423-425; Basler 1972, 16-18.enmcxona Maprapa, npema J. Bunxcy2 oguocuo Enuyaypyma, mpema T. >Kmexosnhy.39 ‘Mebyrun, ocrpororeka upennacr wa mpocropy flanmanuje unje Gua rpaj- vor Kapakrepa, Gyntyhu ya je ToKOM 535. roqmue,*? opmax Ha HoYeTKY cyKOGa Poneja u Octporora, Jananurja spahena tox oxpuste Konicranrunorosa. Vinak, pomejexa npessacr Gua je yOpso nosenena y muraxse, 6yayhu na cy Ocrpororu noxyularn ja je nospare, Hajmpe 537. romune 3a speme Burrure- ca, a NOTOM roTORO slBe MeMTeHHje KacHHje (554, rogune) 3a apeme Tore, KO- jucje Ka J[anauuju nocnao nojcxosoby Hunyacpa ca Gpogosmma. Tom mpasst- kom, Octpororu uicy yeremu ja oBpare Hujejan neo TepwTopHje, Mana cy ompakaim je upnodazsa, usMeby Maxapcxe u Caaone.*! To nosparky Jlanmanuje non aupextay anacr Koncrawtumonona, cnposeo je Jycramujan I suaajay npoMeny y cucremy ynpaszsaia, Oygyhyt na je 538. rosie nposmanja Jlaamanuja nonepena npoxoxsyay. Ha raj Haun, npo- puuusja oGwja H3BecraH cremen ayToHOMHocTH, OyAyhu Aa Huje mpuTanazta nujentioj mpecbextypn,? 10K je 10 Mumupersy H. Masha y ynpastioM 1 Boj- Hom cMucay Owia noTumBeHa PanencKoM ersapxary, ay upKpenoM rram.43 Tloxopaname ocrpororexe pane on crpaxe Jycrmusjasia 1 zoueno je mpx- ‘BUHM Mup, Oynlyhi sla cy Ha ceBepHe rpanuue Llapersa npucrurac HoBe Bap- Bapexe rpynaiuije, Cnonenm, Koji jou 548. ronuwe crupxy 10 JLupaxuoua. TLo- MenyTH Moxon OHO je, MebyTHM, camo yBon 3a oncazy Comyiia, Koja je cmpo- peneHa 550. rosie, an HeyenemHo. ToKom 550/551. roguttie yonast 10 MpO- nopa Cxosera y Jlanmanujy, Koj cy Ty mpowenu simMy, a roToBO Be Heer je kacunje, 568, roxmne, x Kyrpurypa. Jo asapcxo-c1oBencKnx wamaya noma ‘au 586. rome, Kala je HOHOBO Mpenysera oncata ConyHa, Koja ce nonyT mperxomue saspuunna Gesycnemmo, Ca cysGujaiem jommmarije Apapa, po- MejeKo naperso sanoueno je Tex 591. rogue, no cpebusarwy cirryacutje na Hc ‘rouxom dbponry. Mnax, Asap 1 Cronexst y6p30 cy onTOROpILIH HOBOM On- caomt Conysia (597. rune), Koja 1 oBaj nyt unje nama peaysrrare. Y rpenyT- Ky Kayla ce wocne Benuke noGepe Pomeja Hag Asapuma Koy, BivarmantjyMa, 601. ronuue, sumus10 xa he abapeKa onacHocT sayBeK ONTH OTKMOWeHA, 10 mo je 0 Boje MOGyHe H yerommueHa Doxe, 602, rome. Cykobu OKO Mpe- crona jloenu cy 0 cnoMa ponejcxe BaacrH, sume je y HOTHyHOCTH OTBopeH nyt Bapsapuna Koja cy Haqupanu, Ilo uanyurrainy norpaHMMiEx yraphersa, nouLIo je HO HZ aBapcKO-cioBeNCKUx NPoHopa Y Hepuoy uaMeby 612. 641. roqune, TOKOM Kojux je Kouasio Noxopena MpoBurtur}a HamMauja, W3y- suMajyhu Hee rpayone y npHoGamy, Kojm cy ce Yerley CBOr HOBOHOF HOMO- >xkaja ORYHpaH OcpajauKum HaeTunca.4 38 Wilkes 1969, 432. 39 2Kunxonuth 2004, 37. 40 J. bepayra nanog nopatax na je AO yemyumpara Jlanwanuje y eacran Merounor naperna joumio 537. roqune, Ynopenutst: bepayra 1957, 25. 41 Wilkes 1969, 423-425; Basler 1972, 16-18. 42. Pepayra 1957, 26. 43. Mandié 1960, 32-50. 44 Procopius —Bellum Gothicum 111 29, 38: BUVIH | 1955, 41-42; Menandar— Excerta de legationibus, 220, 477: BUMS 1 1955, 96-98; Theophylacti Simocattae historiae 13, VI3—4, Vill 5-6: BUVIHS 11955, 106, 112, 124-126; Lemerle 1954, 285-286, 290-292; Bapmuumth 1956, 74; Bari8ic 1969, 13; Popovic, V. 1975, 463-464; Popovic, V. 1979, 607, 611, 623-624; Konavesuh 1994, 116-123. HLEPHIIA IITEXAP 36KACHOAHTHSKA WPAHOBHSAHTHICKA YIBPBEWA Y BOCHH H XEPUETOBHHM GAIEBE NPOBHHUWE SIAAMAUINA) 37 Hecurypua spemeua Koja cy sajecua cranonnuke mposununje Janata, MpuMopasta cy Hx jla HanycTe MONE PABHHILE H ja Ce yyTe ¥ BUUIe peje se, KOjM cy HM MpyxxaH nehy curypHocr. Mnax, npoyec nomepaiwa Huje Ha- crymHo onjenHom, Bch je no mpomena yonasus10 nocreneno. Ha ocHoBy pac- ONOKHBIX NOLATaKa, MOKMO MPHMETUTH ja ce Mpowec npunarobanara HOBUM OKOMHOCTHMA OABHtja0 ¥ WBA MpaBlla. Jexan HAYNE Mpejicrassa YrBp- buwawe mocrojehux craumura y pasumana, Kao urro je cny4aj ca Moropje- JOM Kon Yambatne (710K. Gp. 7), THe ce jou MoNeTKOM IV BeKa npHCTynHI0 oprudbuumpany BexnKor NoAONpUBpeMOT NOGpa, OK ce ApyrH orsiea y HCTOBPEMEHOM MoMeparsy yrephersa Ha Behy HayMOPCKy BHCHHY, KAO ITO je cnysaj ca noxanuretom Buorpanu — Suuraue, Mocrap (10x. 6p. 19). [ars paseo] forahaja noKasao je la craMMUITa cMeMITeHA y HUSHjH H Open cBojux jaKux GeyeMa H BHCOKUX Kya He MpyXajy JOBOUHY SaINTHTY, Te fla je OMepa- We Y BILE SOHe, TSB. BepTIKaTHa MurpaNuja, NaTeKO e*pUKACHHjH NOCTyNAK. Hanynrramse pannjirx cranmmra 1 npenasax Ha nore nonoxkaje yenonnian cy HHS Mpomeua Koje cy ce ormegase Kako y HoBUM (bopruduKanvoMEM pente~ WHMA, TAKO Hy NPOMeHH CxBATaRA CbyHKUMje HaceoOMHA H_YTAphersa Tocreneno pacnajame uewrpaue sacri 4 HeMoryhnocr KoHtpone Hay Te- puropijama xoje Hapcrao noceryje, che Maibit po} paconorkuBUXx BOjHUKA Yenen BemuKe jertonysanuje HsasnaKe HaNeTHMa BapBapa, asIH H ermHeNusja- Ma xyre (541/542. roquna) Gormiba,4® saxreram cy Nona peulerba MpIUtH- KOM nogutsatba yTBpberba, Tako cy caja yrnaBiioM Oupane BHCOKe, ako Gpa- Houtne TaXKe, ca KOjHX je Guo Moryhe KOHTpomucaTH NYTHe TIpaBule TOHA noma 4 peue ome. TIpuAHKOM nopusarsa yrapbera, Oupajy ce tom HAHTHM, TeLIKO MPHCTyHaYHH BHICOBH, KOjUMA Ce puarobavajy doprucpuKa- uurje. Kaxo cy y nehisn cayajena ojaGpane pommmantHe Take Ore OKpy- 2XeHe CIpMINKTIaqMHaMA, RYGOKHM KOPHTHMA pexa WU Tax chocama, oHeKay Ha HenpHeTynawHHM crpavaMa HHcy TOmWIaHM Gejexar 9Gor ymrene y npeme- Hy H HoBny. JloxarHo ojavame siyuma npeycrarmane cy HeTypeHe HosHEO- Haste W KPYAHE KysIe, OK Ce CHlOpaRMYHO jaBysa H NpOTEXH3Ma, 'F. RO}ET Genem. Ocum Tora, yuyrap yrapya ce cpehy m uucrepue, Koje cy Site Heon- XOMHE KAKO Ou ce OGe3GejuHIa HOROMIA KOMIMUHA BONE HPHLKOM ortcaa. Tipnauxom nonusarsa yrapheia jonasi yo mpomere H y Kopumhewy Mare- pifjaiia 3a usrpamiby, Tako Wa ce OlleKa roTORO y NoTHyHOcTH HaGanyje,48 TOK Mpurecanm KaMeH ToBesaH MamrrepoM OMHHMpa y H3paqM GeqeMa, mpi veMy ce caMo Ttla MpaBIATHO CHK, NOK je jesrpo SIMA HICMyHeHO TpranyeM. Topea coprudrxarmonnx HoBHHa, MpucyTHe cy H Mpomene y yuyrpauNLoj Cxpyktypu yroppa, Koje mpecrajy a eyHKUMOMMLY WCKYIHBO Kao Boje niocraje m upepacrajy y yraphewa Hacesba, y KojiIMa ce onpiija caKonHeBH 2KHBOT, TaKo la ce yHYTap yraphenux cranuurra janmajy UpKBe, OK ce Ha NO- jonmmm yraphersmva wayBajajy axponom u yraphero nomrpabe. Tlojasa upkana ynyrap aucuucxux yraphera y saneby nposnanuje Janwann- ja muje raxo uecra, Gyayhm ya cy wa camo 7, On KoHCTaTORAHHX 60 yraphersa, youenn Tparosu upxana.4” Mnax/rpeGa uMarix Ha yMy na Hajsehu 6poj yrBp- 4S Geyer 2002, 41; Laiou 2002, 44 46 Cano ua toxanurery Byrap Tpan - Tpanma —Topia Para ~ Byrap, Buxah (10K. 6p. 8), Koucrarosana je npHwela TexiuKe opus mixtum y warpagin yruphera, 47 Ocranu upxsene apxarrextype Koucratonaust cy 1a Moropjeay, aruba (110K. 6p.7), Te cy OrkpuBeHe Ane NpKBe, OK je Ha NOKamHretuma Byrap I'pag —['pasiara —Toprua Ta ‘ra— Byrap, Buxah (ax, Gp. 8), Seuosu~ Yapaxono, FIpujenop (0x. Gp. 10), Kourryp —ema uuje apxeonomxu uerpaxkex no Kpaja, TaKo 4a octaje oTRopeHO mrTa se cTBapuor Opoja yraphera Ha Kojima cy nocrojare UpKne. Capyre crpane, snavajau Gpoj upkana Koucraropan je y Causa yrephenux (CraHMMIra, Ha MaHbHIM Hal MOpCKIM BHCHHAMA, YPABHOM TOpey MYTHUX Tpa- ca, ITO GH MOrO YKASHBATH HA WHILeHINY fla Ce KUBOT Haye, yrARHOM, OnBEja0 y HIDKUM mpenemHMa, Te Aa cy yrupheve BUCHHCKe TAKE HIMATe, TIPE cpera, cbynxuujy mpuGexuurra. OgoMe y npwior rosopu m pasmeurraj HoMe- RYTHX UpKawa, Koje cy mpeTexHo pacnopebeue jy2« PeumuX jomMua HM AK Y M0,HUM NOsbUMA, HOpex HOcTojehux KoMyHUKanuja (Kapra 1). Hanyurrae maoqMnx oma H Oja3aK Ha Behe HayMopcKe BucHHe HHje, KAO ITO BHHMO, GHO cHPOBeseH y HOTHyHOcTH (Kapra 1). Fone pane, noroque 3a Yoneumy nomonpuspemHy nenaTHocr, Oiure cy HeyBmuKe Aparone- He [a Ou ce OnaKo HaNyeTiTe, TAKO a cy Ha ROMUBLAHTHUM YIBHINEHAMA I13- HA}. BCMNKUX IIOAKNX JOMMHA PeKA HIN MOsbA HOAHSAHA yTApberbA, Koja cy, nopey op6pamGene, uMana 1 ynory caGupHUX WeHTapa y KOjuMa cy ce cKs1a~ guurrita cea yo6pa. Ympano crora cy Ha ORAKBIIM MeCTHMA MONMTHYTA cBa Bemuka yraphera, ja ce nospummua kpehe yranHoM OKO 1 xa, Maja cy Ho- shara u yrapherba ca nospmmmiom ox 2 xa (Lipksunia —Maxsexonan, 1060}, OK. Gp. 1), ognocHo 3 xa (Fpajan — Moxpoxor — 'ymaue, BucoKo, 10K. 6p. 5), Koja cy moraa ja saqopome norpeGe cranosmmuBa, He TpeGa HCKIby'II- ‘TH HM MoryhHOCT fla cy MOMeHYTe opTaKpAKaNje cHyRHUIe H 38 CKMAMMLTTe- Ibe PasaMMMETHX pypa, mpe uXOBOr laser TpaNcMOpTa, GyayhH Wa ce OKA- smrern Onan —I'pan— Yene, Bocancxa Honut (10x. 6p. 2), Kanaypa— Jena umuosuut, CancKn mocr (10K. 6p. 3) « 'pagan — Moxpoxor -Tysaye, Buco Ko (10K. Gp. 5) Haase y Oausuun pynapeKmx oOmacTH. HayMopeke nicune Ha Kojuma cy cMeureHa BemuKa yrephema wapypajy, ‘TaKo na ce noKamreTi LipKpuHa — MaxsbeHopatt, 1oGoj (510K. Gp. 1), Onan — Tpaq— Yen, Bocaricxm Hosa (10K. Gp. 2), Haase Ha HaxMOpcKo} BHCHEE Of 500 merapa, Kanaypa — Jenamunonua, Canckn wocr (0K. Gp. 3), Tpayuana (Cpanau) —Panuio, Kynpec (ox. 6p. 4) 1 [paguna—Penuhn, Jlysno (10K. 6p. 6) Ha BucHun usMeby 500 x 1000 a, nox je T'panan — Moxponor — Tymsave, Bucoxo (10x. 6p. 5) cmenrren wa BcHHH Behoj ox 1000 x. ‘Hacynpor nenuxun yraphersuna, KO Kojux ce Moxke YOUTH H3necHa NpaBuL- HOCT Y HOSIIMOHUpaNby, cpemibe M Mae (boprud>uKaltaje HeMajy THMIe 10- aoxkaje na Kojuna ce jansbajy. Hane, ssuxono mpieycrRo je KOHCTaTORaHO Ka- ko AY2K NYTHIX npanaya, TaKO H Ha WIONOBAHUM nomOZKajiIMa, Ha HAMOPCKIM. Bilciianta Koje Bapupajy ox 200 slo 1500 m HamMopcKe nucHie. Kako cy yrapbe- tba One upcre Mora MMaTH ynory Pepyrujysa WN aK KOHTpme TAKE, ca Koje ce OCMaTpao IITHTHO ONpehEHH NYTHH MpaRAl, MOKE Ce 3AKILYUTH a je maxona nospumuia Guia yenoBena, mpe cBera, Gpojen ute. Tpouec noctenevor nanyurraia pagHIMapcKHx mpeylena Ht Hacesbanata Ha ‘Teme MOCTYNHe Mooxaje, nije KapAKTepHCTHAH camo 3a MpocTop MpOBHE- uuje Jamanuje. Mera npmnmum cycpehe ce u y mammickum oOnacruna cy- cemue mposuumnje Moesia I, rae ce jasmajy Opojua nucuucka yrepbera, Koja cy 10 CBOM OOamKY, HauMHY usrpanEse H Kapakrepy cua dopruepuKanja- Ma Koje ce Haase Ha Tepwropyjn Bocue u Xepuerosnue. IIpwInKOM apxeo- Aa6pmna, Cronay (20K. 6p. 14), Epanau —~ Jlenersma — Xomom, Kucexax (10K. 6p. 17) 1 Tpanay (Himmsaya) —Poptsn Koropan, Miuma (10x. Gp. 18), youewa no jetta. pKa. TIEPHINA MNTEXAP 38Sirmium ard JIEPEHJIA Areneoxie rpatont Uprne Yruphesat ex nonpaninioat nchons ot 1 xa Seraphers ea uonpusinios insceby 0,8 ‘Vanplieoa a sompuniutost autos 02 Yanpheina. Eni ADRIATICUM MARE KAPTA 1.J\UIMAUWA ¥ KACHOAHTHUKOM MEPHOY HOIKHX HeTpaXKuBaiba jyrosanamte CpOuje*® youeno je na ce u Ha oBoM MpO- cTopy moveTak noMeparba craHoBHMITBa Ha Behy HayMopcKy BHCHHY janma Kpajem IIL, onHoco nowerkom IV BeKa, 0 YeMy cBesOUe apxeOmOUIKa HCTpaKI- 48 Toxom jocanaumbix uerpaxnsaisa mpocropa jyrosanage Cp6iie, 1. jyrosanaguor esa nposiuatutje Moesia I, KoncTaToBaH je BeTHKH Gpoj yrapheHsa ca KACKOAITICIKIIN- 39 “panosiganrujekun xopusowros. Bynyhit na ey nopen pexornocturpatsa enposexentababa cmponeyenta Ha soKauTeTuMa Tpojat u 3araTam Kanex.5? Y sanaqHom neay CpOnje, koji raxobe mpencraszba manmncKy OOMACT, KOHCTaTORAHO je He- KOAHKO yraphetba ca TPACOBUIMA KACHOAHTH'KOT XOPHIOHTA, KOjH OKPY2Ky]Y Tpanmny wa Jenm.5! Caurany curyauujy cpeheso 1 a Tepsropiiit caspemene AxGaunje, xoja oyxwara nexanambe mposnumutje Prevalis u Epir Novus, kao 1 eo mposuntuije Epir Vetus, re je Takobe youeno nomusare yraphersa na Behan HayMOPCKIM BHCHHaMA TOKOM KaCHOAHTHMKOT H paxloBHsarerHjcKor mepHos.a.52 Bepruxanua nomeparma pomejcKor craHOBHMIITBa Mpey| MpoBarama BapBapa, konicrarosana y saleby mpormauje Hamsauuyja, onmrpasta cy ce Ha TepuTopH ju Hapersa, xoje ce naaau sanayo op we. Tako je y uerouoamexoj oGnacrH, Koja o6yxsara eo npoBmanuje Raetia IJ, Te uposmmnuje Noricum ripense, Nori- cum mediterraneum, Venetia, Histria, Savia u Libwmia, vaxobe youe Mpouec Mu- rpanuje y sume mpeyene, Koj ce onBujao usMeby III w VI wexa.5? Heuzro apyravnja curyarja je, mebyrum, ua upocropy mpuoSasue [ama- uuje, re je MpuMeren MpHNNiIN T3B. XopHBoHTaIHe MATpalLje, GyAyhH 1a cy ce 2KuTesbH MpHOGAIha COMMU Ha OCTPRA, Ha KOjHMA Cy YCTIeNH fa ce ORPAKE pel HaeTHMa BapBapa, saxbazyjyhm Besn ca Marmnlom nyTeM Mopa.* Taxo ce y npuoSasby cpehemo ca RenUKHM yrepheHuM rpaxoBHMa, JOK ce Ha OCTp- Ba H3Memirajy mpuOexmUITa H OcMaTpa4HMe 3a KOHTPORy HOMOpCKUX yTe- Ba KOjH cy O6esGehuBan oncranax. Homenyru moat npasi Gum cy yrpoxxeun on crpanie mpara, anu um Octporora Koji cy y MebyspeMeny crBo- ist Mopuapuny, Koja je yraasuoM Heyrpaucana 551. rome, nocne n0Ge- ne Poseja y nomopexoj Onn Kon Cunntrarnuje.’s Fonnaere Wa ocrpsa Ma- uuchectyje ce NOmHSAmEM KACHOANTWIKUX NPHOSKUIITA Ha OCHOBAMA PaHo- ANTHUKHX OGjeKaTa, MPH YeMy cy OHA Hapabena on MpHTecaHor KaMeHa ManTepa, kao mito je cnytaj ca TparosuMa Geyema Ha noKamuTeTy C'naputta— Beam rpay Ha ocrppy Kpx,** ocpsom Cx. Mapxo, rae je yuytap yTBpre KoH- craronana uucrepua,s7 wu naK ca ocrpayetom Tamumon.5$ Kao urro Moxemo siyleTH, Ha mpoctopy roroso swrasor Llapersa nomt0 je, yenen HeropujcKux OKOAHOCTH, No MloMepasba craHoBHUNITRA, Koje ce y muIa- HIHICKHM NpefemuMa OrMeRAO Y TSB, REPTUKATHO] MUrpanAjHt, Tj, HoMepaHy Ha sche HamMopcKe BHCHHe, Npex HajeayoM Bapsapa. TpumetHo je unax na COMN@AHA HCTPHAUBAWA, HABOMHMO MEO THTepAType y Kojoj je OOpabeua nomenyra mpoGnemaruxa. Ynopeaurru: Mucuuxonuh 1982, 131-140; Tonosuh, M. 1983, 5—14; Tlonosuh, M. 1984, 11-18; Mivumxosuth 1983, 29-37; Maiunxosuth 1985, 49-57; Hisa- smuneneh 1967, 5-12 Wisaimmienah 1988, 5-12; Haeummonsh 1989, 7-16; Moamuczesuh 49 Vinanmmennh 1989, 16. 50 Mnamumenuth 1990, 17. 51. Milinkovié 2001, 71-73, Abb. 2, 52 Honosuh, B. 1988, 216-218. 53 Ciglenedki 1987, 160-164. 54 Tomitié 1993, 92-93. 55 Tomitié, 1990, 29-30. 56 Faber 1988, 118. 97 Faber 1988, 119-120. 58 Badurina 1982, 171. TEPHIIA UITEXAP 40KACHOAHTHKA, MPAHOBUSAHTHICKA YIBPBEBA ¥ BOCHIEH, XEPUETOBHEM (GAREBE NPOBHELIE HAIMAUWA) 41 2xurenu nposunnuje Lanmanuja ocrajy y GuusumM pasuusapeKux npeyesta, rye ce Haase uajpeha yrephersa, Kako Ou oGesGemMAM MeonxoHY xpany. Ocum Tora, youiBo je K Mocrojarbe yraphersa yx nyTHux npawaia, KAKO 6u ce oGe36enHO MpoTOK poGe u >ynKuHOHNcaHse PynHUKa. HonononuruyTe yrapye Ouse cy upusaarohene Tewikum Bpemenmma, Gynyhu pa cy Gue ojaua- He PasMMTHM THNOBEMA Kys1a, NOTepHaMa, ABOCTpyKuM Genemuma, cpocama won. Yophenm sucuuickn noaoxaju nocrajaau cy Taxo yrspheua cranmurra, on- HocHO npnGexknurra, y KOjHMa ce OBHjAO CBAKONHEBHM KUBOT, O HeMy H3MC- by ocranor enexoue i upKBe KOHCTaTOBaHe YYTap HojemuMUX yrBpberba, KO- je cy owrneguo urpaie anaxajny yory. Ogcycrso Hexponosta y wenocpen- oj GaH3HHH HOMeHyTHX yrapsa, HaysHMajyhit noKamrer Moropjeno,® Kao i nojequnase rpoGone ca noxammrera Tpajan{—Jlenenua, najpeposarinje je nocnenmya crenena netpaxeHocTH, Mata He rpeGa HICKs.ysUITH IM Moryh- OCT CAXparbutBatba CTAHOBHUMITEA y HIDKHM SoHaMA, THe Ce OMBIKja0 CBAKO- AMeBHM KUBOT, a He Ha BICHHCKHM CraHUMTHMA, KOja cy MpBeHcrBeHo uMaTa byuxknujy yroumra y HeMupHum BpemenuMa. CTMCAK JIOKAJIMTETA 1, Lipxsuna — Maximertopan, Ho6oj 2. Onan — pan — Yexe, Bocancxu Hos 3, Kanaypa — Jenammosun, Cancxn Mocr 4, Cpammia (pagan) - Pano, Kyupec 5, Epanan— Moxpoxor —I'yspaye, Bucoxo 6. Ppaguna —Peruthu, Jlys10 7. Moropjeno, Yamuna 8. Byrap I’pan (panna) — Topi Para — Byrap, Buxah 9. Ppan—Loprsu Bp6mann, Ksys 10. Seno — Yapaxono, [Ipujenop 11. Hore Bproue 1 — [lowe Bprove, [Ippap 12, Tpaquma - [pxosun, Bocaticxo T'paxono 13, Hoxosan (Iyxonan) — Xarruhu, Coxozray, 14, Kourryp — Jla6puna, Cronan 15. Cpanat— Xananuhu, Pnamow 16, Benuxa I'paquna— Beauxu KaGanhn, Jinsn0 17. Fpagan — Jleneuuma ~ Xomom, Kucemax 18. Epagay (Mamsava) — Tops Koropan, Mga 19, Buorpaumt — JImmrnue, Mocrap 20. Ppamuna ~Topisa Merposnna, Kanecuja 21. Bpuramh — Ppagmna, Popme Parxoso — Mauhu, Knys 22. Xpemsumn Ppa — Yurraynut, Coxonay 23. Cpa Buorpax — 3a0phe, Kowa 24, Cpanan—Tlorowann ~ Muxamepuhu, Jtus10 25. Ppanuna — Hlowsn Pyjunt, Jano 59 Ha noenyros aoxamurery Hanaaiiaa ce, KaKo ce “HEM, KACHOAHTHMIKA Hexporro7ia xa Kojoj ce nopeg pomejcke, waraena, caxparsimata H repwaxeka, Tj. ocrporoTcKa o- nynauuja. Hause, mpicimkox myGuukoBara Marepujaia ca Hexponome m3 mepuona ce- oGe Kapona y Paxosianuwa, H. Muteruh kao anaztoruje 3a yxpacke ure HaBORK 1 nase 13 Moropjena, 6e3 HxakBUX WIyeTpaTHMRMLEX npwIOra. YnopesuTU: Miletié 1970.26. Fpaguna —Togrpaguua (Kamencka), Paso TMEPHIA WunEXAP 27. Ppaquua — Pajwaxe, Paamoa 28. Ppenuue ~ Horowann, Jhusixo 29. Kecuhesa Tpanuna — YeneGuh, JInsno 30. Mapessutha Tpanuna — Crapo ceno — lapesmua, Pawo 31. Tpanuna (Tan) — Tpanan, Hocyuije 32. Fpanuna —Ilerka, Jyso 33. Fpaguna —TIpncoje— Tepkosnhn, Jlysuo 34. Ppamuua - Canna, 3opxuKx 35, 3eneurpan — Xan Kona Uyrkonubu, Baanyka 36. 3majean— Ernhs, Yenmnany 37. pax — Kujeno, Canicx Mocr 38. 'puxa I'paguua — Topise Parkoso — Kouuhu, Kasys 39, Ppanuna, [mono 40. Torana Pnasuma, Kynpec 41, Benuxa spara, Kynpec 42, Benuxu kamex - Bonapu, Imono 43. Tpanuia — Amuxoue, TpabHmk 44. Boboway 45. Cpagnma — J[a6pasuna, Bape 46. Tpaquua ~Tpanay—Kapayna, Kaxan 47. TleGeno 6pxo, Capajeso ~ entrap 48. Tar —Hosu Jlysuhu —Tanemmme, Panxo 49. Buyomxn Ppan, Cromast 50. Ppanan —Xyayrexo, IIposop 51, Tpajuua — Topepanuna, Janno 52. Conparosa (Beauxa) 'pausa — Iysnbarm, Pamtou 53. Baaraj (Crjentan T'pan) ~ Baaraj, Mocrap, 54. Kapmosan, Uurnyk 55. Koemaj - Buseruhu, hurays 56. Kperuua~Xamsuhu, Urry 57. 'paguna - Bunome Bpyo, Yanuina 58, Ppaquua —Townrem, Yannuna 59. Bpexoamma, Buxah 60. Tecepws — Kpynau, Vonnga 42KACHOAHTHYKA MPAHOBHSAHTHICKA YIBPBEWA ¥ BOCHH 1 XEPHETOBMIM (GAJEBE MPOBUBIMTE TAIMALWA) 43 BUBIMOTPA®WA AL BiH 1988 Badurina 1982 Bapmmmis 1956 Bari8i¢ 1969 Basler 1953 Basler 1972 Basler 1993 Bojanovski 1967 Bojanovski 1968 Bojanoyski 1976 BHMHJ 1 1955 ‘Werner 1961 Wilkes 1969 Geyer 2002 DuSanié 1995 Dyggve, Vetters 1966 2Kunxopsh 2004 Zeiller 1967 ‘Meanuusesuh 1987 ‘Msanuuresuth 1988 Arheoloski leksikon Bosne i Hercegovine, Sarajevo 1988, A. Badurina, Bizantiska utvrda na otogi¢u Palacol, Vesnik Hr- vatskog arheoloskog drustva 7, Zagreb 1982, 171-177. ©, Bapuumth, Lap oxa (602-610) 1 nonyHascKu ABapo- -Cuosemt, 36opnux padoea Busanitoaowxo? uncitiuitty- a 4, Beorpay 1956, 73-86. Proces slovenske kolonizacije Istofnog Balkana, Simpozijum: Predstavenski etniéki elementi na Balkanu w et- nogenezi Juinih Slovena (Mostar, 24-26. X 1968), Centar 2a balkanoloska istrafivanja, knjiga 4, Sarajevo 1969, 11-26. D, Basler, ArheoloSka topografija — Kupres, Glasnik Zemaljsk- ‘og muzeja Vill, Sarajevo 1953, 335-343. D. Basler, Arhitektura kasnoanti¢kog doba u Bosni i Hercego- viini, Sarajevo 1972. D. Basler, Spitantike und frithehristliche Architektur in Bo- ssnien und Hercegowina, Wien 1993. I. Bojanovski, Vrbljani, Grad, KIjue—kasnoanti¢ki refugij, Ar- heoloski progled 9, Beograd 1967, 119-121. 1, Bojanovski, Vrbljani, Grad, Kljué — kasnoantigki kastel, Ar- heoloski pregied 10, Beograd 1968, 156-159. I. Bojanovski, Ranosrednjovjekovno utvrdenje u Vrbljanima ia Sani, Glasnik Zemaliskog muzeja XIX, Sarajevo 1976, 245-258. Busanitiujcku uaaopu sa ucttiopujy napoda Jyzocaasuje I, yp. T. Octporopexi, Beorpag 1955. J, Wemer, RanokarolinSka pojasna gamnitura iz. Mogorjela kod Capljine (Hercegovina), Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja w Sara- jevu XV-XVI, Sarajevo 1961, 235-242, J.1. Wilkes, Dalmatia, London 1969. B. Geyer, Physical Factors in the Evolution of the Landscape and Land Use, in: The Economic History of Byzantium, From the Seventh through Fifteenth Century I, ed. A. E. Laiou, Was- hhington 2002, 31-45. S. DuSanié, Late Roman Minings in Ilyricum; Historical Ob- servations, in: Ancient Mining and Metallurgy in Southeast Eu- rope, ed: B, Jovanovié, Bor-Belgrade 1995, 219-226. E, Dygeve, H. Vetters, Mogorjelo— Ein spatantiker Herrensitz im rémischen Dalmatien, Wien-Graz-K6ln 1966. T. Kupxoouh, Upxeena optanusayuja y eptickum sesoa- ma (pane cpedrute 6ex), Beorpan 2004. J. Zeiller, Les origines chrétiennes dans la province romaine de Dalmatie, Roma 1967. B, Msanmmesuh, Kacnoanruuxo yrapbere y Pawouieny, ‘Hosoitasapexu 36opnux 11, Howit Tasap 1987, 5-12. B. Moanmmesuh, Panosisanrnjcxo yrepberwe ua Xymy xog Tytuna, Hovofiasapcxu s6opnux 12, Hos Tasap 1988, 5-12.Mnanmuenuh 1989 Visanmuresuh 1990 Jeremié, Milinkovié 1997 Kosauesuh 1994 Laiou 2002 Lemerle 1954 Mandié 1960 Miletié 1970 Mileti¢ 1984 Munnuxosuh 1982 Musuxosuh 1983 Musunxosuh 1985 Milinkovié 2001 Mupxonuh 1994 Mécsy 1970 Pabalié 1975 Tlonosuh, M, 1983 Tlonosub, M. 1984 B. Msanmaennh, Arrrixo yraphewe na Tpojany, Hoao- fiasapcxu abopnux 13, Hosn Maszap 1989, 7-16. B. Msannmensth, Kacnoartusxo yraphene wa Snatnom, xameny xox Hosor Tasapa, Hosotiasapcxu sGopnux 14, Honu Tasap 1990, 7-18. M. Jeremié, M. Milinkovié, Die byzantinische Festung von Bregovina (Stidserbien), Antiquite Tardive III, Paris 1995, 209-225. J. Kosavesuh, Jlocensazane Crosena wa Bankaucko 10- ayocrpso, y: Hemopuja Cptickoz napoda |, yp. Cusa ‘Bupxosuh, Beorpag 1994, 109-124, A.E. Laiou, The Human Resources, in: The Economik History of Byzantium from the Seventh through Fifteenth Century I, ed. A.E. Laiou, Washington 2002, 48-55, P, Lemerle, Invasions et migrations dans les Balkans depuis la fin de I'époque romaine jusqu’au Vile siécle, Revwe historique 211, Patis 1954, 265-308. D. Mandié, Rasprave i prilozi iz stare hrvatske povijesti, Rim 1960. N. Miletié, Ranosrednjovekovna nekropola u Rakovéanima kod Prijedora, Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja XXV, Sarajevo 1970, 119-158. N. Miletié, Rani srednj vijek, u: Kulturna istorija Bosne i Her- cegovine od najstarijih vremena do pada ovih zemalja pod osmansku viast, Sarajevo 1984, 375-390. M, Minmxosnh, Kaenoannixa yraphera y Ocrposritt 1 Wapowaa xox Tyruna, Hosotasapexu aGopnux 6, Hoon [asap 1982, 131-140. M. Musuuixosuh, Partonusairrujcko yraphewe ua ‘Byphe- suuu y Bepexapana, Hosotasapcxu s6oputx 7, Hosn Tasap 1983, 29-37. M, Mamumxosnh, Parosmarrajexo yrapheme na Tymom xpury 1 oxoma yrspherba y TynmicKo} o61acrH, Hoao- fiasapcxu abopnux 9, Hosn [asap 1985, 47-59. M. Milinkovié, Die byzantinische Hohenanlage auf der Jelica in Serbien — ein Beispiel aus dem nirdlichen Illyricum des 6. Jh., Ciiapunap LI, Beorpay 2001, 71-133. M. Mupxonith, Pantcko ocpajamse m oprannsamuja panicKe paactn, y: Hciiopuja Cpiicxo® napoda |, yp. Cama Funp- kosith, Beorpan 1994, 66-76. A. Mécsy, Gesellschaft und Romanisation in der rémischen Provinz Moesia Superior, Budapest 1970. E, PaSalié, Production of Roman Mines and Iron-works in West Bosnia, y: Sabrano djelo — dr Esad PaSalié, Sarajevo 1975, 294-304. M. Monosah, Aurwuxo yrepheme wa Hlapcxom xputy Kon Tlomanie, Hosotasapcxu sGopuux 7, Host Tlasap 1983, 5-14, M. Monosuh, Yrspherwe na xyau y Kaxygpu, Hosotiasap- exu aGopHux 8, Hosit Tasap 1984, 11-18. MEPHIA IMIEXAPKACHOAHTHKA WPAHOBHSAHTHICKA YIRPBEGA Y BOCHH 1. XEPUETOBMHIL (GAIEBE NPOBAHEDE JANMALIMIA) 45 Hononmh, M. 2003 Popovié, V. 1975 Popovié, V. 1979 Honosuh, B. 1988 Radimsky 1891 Radimsky 1893 Radimsky 1894 Sergejevski 1947 Skarié 1932, Tomitié 1990 Tomitié 1993 Faber 1988 FekeZa 1990 epayra 1957 Ciglenetki 1987 Cremosnik 1951 Cremoinik 1956 Cremoinik 1989 M. Honoputh, Yraphene seaune Mannonmha, 36opnux padoea ca nayuno® cxyita Sense Masaosuha, AKayesaja wayka Ml yMerBoctu PenyOamke Cpricke yaunepairreTa Cpncko Capajeno, Haywan cxynonn, xesura V, Opjenerse pyurrncHuX Hayxa, Krbura 7, Barba JyKa, Cpncxo Capa- jevo 2003, 91-112. V. Popovié, Les témoins archéologiques des invasions Avaro- -Slaves dans I'Illyricum byzantin, Mélanges de l'écale francaise de Rome 87, Rome 1975, 445-504. Y. Popovié, La descente des Koutrigurs, des Slaves et des Avars vers la mer Egée: le témoignage de I'archéologie, Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Let- tres 1978, Paris 1979, 597-648. B. Tonosuh, AnGannja y kactoj awrmm, y: Maupu u Aa- 6anuu, yp. M. Fapamannn, Beorpag 1988, 201-250. V. Radimsky, Rimska utvrda na Crkvenici i kastram kod Do- boja, Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja HII, Sarajevo 1891, 251-562. V. Radimsky, Nekropota na Jezerinama u Pritoci kod Biiéa, Glasnik Zemalfskog muzeja V, Sarajevo 1893, 37-92. V. Radimsky, Arheoloske crtice iz Bosne i Hercegovine, Gradina Donje Vitoée ked Donjeg Unca u Petrovaékom Kotaru, Glasnik Zemaliskog muzeja VI, Sarajevo 1894, 440-443. D. Sergejevski, Arheolo&ki nalazi u Sarajevu i okolini, Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja Il, Sarajevo 1947, 23-50. V. Skarié, Altertiimer von Gradac in der Lepenica (Bosnien), Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja XLIV/2, Sarajevo 1932, 1-21, Z. Tomitié, Arheoloska svjedotanstva 0 ranobizantskom voj- nom graditelistvu na sjevernojadranskim otocima, Prilozi 5/6, Zagreb 1990, 29-53. Z. Tomiti¢, Tragovi ranobizantskog vojnog graditeljstva na sjevernom hrvatskom primorju, Umjetnast na istoénoj obali Jadrana « kontekstu europske tradicije, Rijeka 1993, 91-96. A. Faber, Osvrt na neka utvrdenja otoka Krka od vremena prethistorije do antike i stednjeg vijeka, Priloci 3-4, Zagreb 1988, 113-140. L. FekeZa, Kasnoantitko utvrdenje i crkva na lokalitetu Gra- dae na Llinjati u Gomjem Kotarcu kod Sarajeva, Glasnik Ze» maliskog muzeja 45, Sarajevo 1990, 155-169. J. @epayra, Busanituecka yapasa y Jaamayuju, Beorpay 41957. S. Ciglenetki, Hohenbefestigungen aus der zeit vom 3. bis 6. Jh. Im Ostalpenraum, Ljubljana 1987. 1. Gremofnik, Nalazi nakita u srednjevjekovnoj zbirci Zemaljsk- og muzeja u Sarajevu, Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja IV-V, Sa- rajevo 1951, 242-270. 1 Cremo’nik, Rimski ostaci na Gradini Zecovi, Glasnik Ze- maljskog muzeja XI, Sarajevo 1956, 137-146. 1. Gremoinik, Rimsko utvrdenje na Gradini u Biogracima kod Listice, Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja 42/43, Sarajevo 1989, 83-128,‘LATE ANTIQUE AND EARLY BYZANTINE FORTIFICATIONS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA (HINTERLAND OF THE PROVINCE OF DALMATIA) ‘Territory of the Western Balkans came under Roman rule at the beginning of the Tcentury, after the break of the uprising of the authochtonnal population in Pan- nonia (6-9. A.D.), when the region of Dalmatia was established. Geographically, the province of Dalmatia can be divided into two zones: the coastal and the mo- untainous regions. The karst coastland is distinguished by its indented coastline and many islands and bays, but with a small number of fertile fields suitable for agricultural activity. North of the Adriatic coastal area, stretching to the Sava ba- ‘sin, numerous mountains rise to over 1800 meters, covered with deciduous and coniferous woodland. However, the pronounced mountain landscape of the hinterland of the province of Dalmatia also has many fields and meadows, situated at the feet of the mountains, which encircle them. These geographical characteri- stics created varying climatic differences, so that the coastal region has a Medi- terranean climate, whereas the hinterland is dominated by a characteristic mode- rate continental climate. Although the geographical conditions greatly hindered the marking of road routes in the hinterland of the Province of Dalmatia, numerous roads existed to secu- re the undisturbed transportation of valuable raw materials (e.g. wood, metal or salt), Road routes mainly followed the course of the valleys, which stretched in a northsouth direction. An exception is part of the link between Salona and Sirmi- um, which ran through Cibalae like many of the routes from the town now known as Sarajevo towards the east, connecting it to mining centers. “The Romanization of the Province of Dalmatia, whose territory was already inha- bited by the Ilyrians, began immediately on its creation. The geo-climatic charac- teristics and resources of the region played a decisive role during colonization and formed the basis for the commercial activity of the defined area. Thus in the hinterland, forestry and mining (not only to extract metal ores but also for the explo- itation of salt) were dominant, together with agricultural activity, both crop cultivation and livestock-breeding, although theses activities were rather limited to the narrow, fertile river valleys such as the Neretva, or inland plateau — "polja”, such as Glamotko and Livanjsko. The newly arrived inhabitants were mainly concentrated in lowland areas, where urban centers were formed, while only mines were situated at higher altitudes, together with smaller military posts controlling roads and communications. During the late Antique period the situation changed to a large extent, due to Barbarian invasions, causing the coastland inhabitants to seek refuge at higher altitudes and in less accessible, fortified positions. On the base of the available information, the size of fortifications determines their division into large, medium-sized and small fortifications. Except them, there are also the forts with the unknown area. To the first group belongs the fortifications with the area greater then 1 ha, in second the fortifications with the area between 0.5 and 1 ha, and in the third group the fortifications with the area smaller then 0.5 ha. The chaotic times, which had befallen the population of the Province of Dalma- tia, compelled them to abandon the fertile plains with their pleasant climate, and to move to higher, harsher regions, offering them more safety. However, this process of movement did not happen at once ~ the change occurred gradually. From PERICA SPEHARLATE ANTIQUE AND EARLY BYZANTINE FORTIFICATIONS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA (HINTERLAND OF THE PROVINCE OF DALMATIA) 47 available date we can notice that the process of adaptation to new surroundings unfolded in two directions, One method of adaptation is represented by fortification of existing bases in the plains, which was the case with Mogorjelo, near Ca- pliina (loc. no. 7). There, the approach was to fortify a large agricultural farm at the beginning of the IVth century. The other method was the movement of fortifications to higher altitudes, as was the situation with the Biograci — Listice, Mo- star site (loc. no. 19), Further developments show that bases situated in lower areas, even with strong ramparts and high towers, did not offer adequate protection, and that movement to higher zones (i.e. vertical migration) was a much more ef- ficient approach. ‘The abandonment of earlier posts and the crossing to new positions caused a suc~ cession of changes, seen both in new fortification forms, and in conceptual chan- ‘ges regarding the function of settlement and fortification. As a result, high, easily defended points were chosen, in the main. From these it was possible to control communication routes as well as fertile fields and river valleys. When fortresses were erected, older rectangular models were abandoned, since shapes were now determined by the configuration of the terrain. Since in most cases the dominant points, encircled by steep slopes, deep-bottomed rivers, or even artificial fossae, were chosen, they usually did not build ramparts on inaccessible sides, to save both money and time. Innovations are shown also through the phenomenon of pronounced polygonal or round towers, with the occasional appearance of double ramparts. Apart from this, cisterns are seen inside fortresses. These were essential for securing sufficient water supplies in the event of siege. ‘The construction of fortifications brought with it changes in the materials used. Bricks were almost completely abandoned. Half-treated stone cemented with mortar dominated in the treatment of ramparts, and only the outer face was arran- ged evenly, whereas the heart of the main wall was filled with rubble. Besides fortification innovations, there are changes in the intemal structure of for~ tresses, since they no longer functioned only as military posts, but were now in- habited. Normal, everyday life activities occurred in the interior, so that almost all fortified settlements had a church, while occasionally there are acropolis, or ad~ ministrative centers and fortified suburbs, where everyday life was carried on, During the archaeological investigations of the hinterland of the province of Dal- matia, only in 7 of 60 fortifications the traces of the churches were noticed. Sin ce the most of the fortresses were not adequately excavated, it is possible that the re was larger number of the fortifications with the church built inside his ramparts. On the other hand, significant number of the churches was noticed near the fortified settlements, on the lower altitudes, mainly by the roads. This could indicate that the population had still lived in the lower areas, while the high, easily defen ded points had the function of the refuge. The position of the churches confirms the same, since there were mostly positioned along the river valleys or fertile fields, beside the communications. ‘The abandonment of fertile valleys and the departure to higher altitudes was not carried out totally, however. Fertile plains, ideal for successful agricultural activity were too precious to be easily forsaken. So, on dominant raised points over- looking great fertile river valleys or plains, fortifications were erected which, be~ sides their defensive role were also collection centers for the storage of all com- ‘modities, produced and harvested through extensive cultivation and livestock- breeding. For that reason, in such locations, fortifications greater than I hectare in size were built, with some up to 2 hectares (Crkvina —Makljenovae, Doboj, loc.no, 1), or even 3 hectares (Gradac — Mokronog ~ Gunjate, Visoko, loc. no. 5), to satisfy the needs of the residents. One should not rule out the possibility that these fortifications may also have served as warehouses for metal before its further transport, since the Ovan— Grad —Cele, Bosanski Novi (loc. no. 2), Kalaura —Je- laSinovei, Sanski most (loc. no. 3) and Gradac ~ Mokronog ~ Gunjaée, Visoko (loc. no. 5) are all near mining areas. ‘The altitude at which large fortifications are situated varies according to the depth of river canyons, or the altitude at which fields and meadows lie. Thus the sites Crkvina — Makljenovac, Doboj (loc. no. 1), Ovan — Grad — Cele, Bosanski Novi (loc. no. 2), are situated approximately 500 meters above sea level, Kalaura = Je- laSinovci, Sanski most (loc. no. 3), Gradina (Gradac) — Rayno — Kupres and Gra- dina — Reniéi, Duvno (loc. no. 6) lie between 500 and 1500 m above sea level, while the Gradac — Mokronog — Gunjave, Visoko (loc. no. 6) is built on the altitude higher then 1500 meters above see level. Vis-i-vis large fortifications, for which clear reasons for their position can be seen, medium-sized and small fortifications do not appear in typical positions. The- ir presence is established both along roads and in isolated positions, at altitudes varying from 200-1500 m above sea level. We can conclude that since fortresses of this kind could have served as refuge or even control points from which certa- in road routes were observed or protected, their size probably mostly depended on the number of inhabitants. ‘The process of gradually abandoning the plains and settling in more inaccessible positions was not just typical for the Province of Dalmatia. The same principle is ‘met in the mountain regions of the neighboring province of Moesia I, Prevalis, Epir Novus and Epir Vetus, and also in the Eastern-Alp region. However, the situation is somewhat different in the coastal area of Dalmatia, where the principle applied is of horizontal migration. Coastal inhabitants moved to the islands, and succeeded in keeping themselves from barbarian attacks, thanks to their connection with the home over the sea. ‘As can be seen, on the territory of the whole Empire the historical cireumstances led to the migration of the resident population, who were seen in mountain areas after so-called "vertical migration” i.e. moving to higher altitudes, before the barbarian advance. It is noticed that nevertheless the inhabitants of the province of Dalmatia stayed near to lowland parts, where the largest fortifications are found, to provide essential food supplies. Apart from that, fortifications are also seen along communication routes, to ensure the safe passage of goods and enable mines to function. Newly erected fortresses were adapted to difficult times, streng- thened by a new type of tower and rampart. ide position so became fortified posts and havens, in which every- ies were carried on, as shown amongst other things, by churches inside fortifications, clearly playing an important role. The absence of necropolis near to these fortresses, excepting Mogorjelo, and a several graves at Gradac — Lepenica and Dabravina, may simply be due to the excavation level. Neverthe- less, this can also indicate that the necropolises were situated in the lower altitudes, where the population lived, while the fortified settlements on the high altitudes played mainly the role of the refuge. ‘Translated by Esther Polenezer PERICA SPEHAR 48

Kasnoanticka I Ranovizantijska Utvrdjenja U Bosni I Hercegovini

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Kasnoanticka I Ranovizantijska Utvrdjenja U Bosni I Hercegovini

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