Saudi Pipe System - GRP Pipe Spec

Company Profile
Moreover, SPS has also established a most

advanced plant with fully automated extrusion
lines for the manufacture of High Density
Polyethylene (HDPE) Pipes with a minimum
capacity of 8,500 tons / year approximately,
covering the size ranges from 16mm 630mm
with pressure rating from 5 bars to 16 bars.
In the pursuance to establish the main

infrastructure industries with top of the line water
system production lines and technology, The
Saudi Pipe Systems Company has successfully
established its manufacturing plants in Phase 4,
Jeddah Industrial Zone, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
SPS is one of the leading manufacturer of all kinds
and sizes of Ductile Iron (D.I.) and Cast Iron (C.I.),
Epoxy Powder Coated Valves, Fittings, Fiber Glass
(GRP/FRP) Pipes, Pre-Insulated Pipes and Fittings
and HDPE Pipes as well. Valves include: Gate,
Butterfly, Check, Globe, Air Release, Float,
Pressure Reducing Valves and several other types
of valves, Fire Hydrants, Strainers, Flanges and
other industrial materials related to Water sector.
SPS has full technical support from leading

Companies namely: DUKER OVENTROP
(Germany), and CLA-VAL (Switzerland). All SPS
product are being tested at every stage of
production by its highly qualified, competent
and most experienced Quality Assurance
Engineers prior to dispatch within and outside
the Kingdom.
All SPS products are being tested at every stage
of production by its highly qualified, competent
and most experienced Quality Assurance
Engineers prior to dispatch within and outside
the kingdom.
SPS products are not only used by all renowned
customer of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, but
its products are being exported throughout the
GCC countries and many other countries like:
Egypt, Yemen, Sudan, etc.
Beside D.I. Valves and Fittings, SPS manufactures

wide ranges of Fiber Glass (GRP/FRP) and Preinsulated Pipes and Fittings. The production
ranges from 100mm to 3000mm with pressure
rating from 6 Bars to 24 Bars. The annual
production capacity is 87,000 L/M.
P.O. BOX 34572 Jeddah 21478 Saudi Arabia, Tel (02) 608 1100 Fax (02) 636 5925
Email: spsvalve@sps.net.sa Website: www.saudivalve.com
Saudi Pipe Systems Division

FOUNDRY AND VALVES FACTORY
Specializes in the processing and production of all types of Valves, Pipes Fittings, Pipe Clamps, and
Flanges, which are essential for Water Sewage, Fire Fighting Systems, and Central Air Condition
Systems. The factory also produces engineered castings of variety of metals (Ferrous and NonFerrous, e.g. Cast Iron, Ductile Iron, Aluminum, and Copper).
GRP ( FIBER GLASS POLYESTER ) PIPES AND FITTINGS
Specializes in producing GRP Pipes and Fittings from small to big ranges with standard specifications,
through filament helical winding and continuous filament winding processes.
HDPE (HIGH DENSITY POLYETHELENE) PIPES FACTORY
Specializes in producing HDPE Pipes through small to big sizes. The factory uses most advanced
Machinery and Equipment which are operated by well qualified engineers and technicians.
GRP Pipe Component

Three Base Materials Are Used For The Pipes Having Distinct Characteristic.
Polyster thermosetting resin being of three types : Isophtalic, Bisphenolic, and Vinylester
Continuous fiberglass roving.
Silica sand (optional)
Standards
The SPS pipes produced in our plant are manufactured in glass reinforced thermosetting resin (GRP) by
the Filament and Continuous Winding system. Reference is made to the following international
standards.
UNI9032
Pipes in glass-reinforced thermosetting resin (GRP)
UNI9033
and/or mortar pipes used in any application.
ASTM D 2996-88
Filament-Wound Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe.
ASTM D3262-88
ASTM D3517-88
Reinforced Plastic Mortar Sewer Pipe

Fiberglass (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin Sewer and
Industrial Pressure Pipe
Fiberglass (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin Pressure Pipe
AWWA C950-95
Standard for Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin Pressure Pipe.
BS 5480-90
Specification for Glass fiber reinforced plastics (GRP) pipes and fitting to
use for water supply or sewerage
ASTM D3262
Gravity Sewer
AWWA C950
Fiberglass Pressure Pipe
AWWA M45
Fiberglass Pipe Design Manual
SASO-1577
Gravity Sewer
ASTM D3754-88
SASO-1578
Pressure Sewer
ASTM D3839 and Appendix AWWA C950-95 in relation to the inspection standards buried
pipes.
GRP Pipe Characteristic

Unit of Measurement
Traction Resistance
Elasticity Young
Modules
Density
Barcol Hardness
Thermal Conductivity
Coefficient of Linear
Thermal Expansion
Electrical Resistivity
Dielectric Constant
Circ. direct
Axial Direct
Circumferential direct.
Axial direct.
Kg/cm
Filament Winding
2500-3000
Kcal/mhC
800-1300
240-3000
105-125
1.9
35-45
0.22
cm/cmC
1.6*10
ohm/cm
F/cm
10^14
3-4
Kg/cm
Kg/cm
Characteristic of Pipes
GRP PIPE PRESSURE Vs. DIAMETER CHART
RTRP (REINFORCED THERMOSETTING RESIN PIPE)

A fiberglass pipe without aggregate. Manufactured by the filament winding process up to 24 in.
nominal size.
RESIN USED IN SPS RTR PIPES
1.ISOPHTHALIC POLYESTER RESIN
Used for moderate corrosion resistance to water, acids, weak bases, and hydrocarbons such as
gasoline and oil.
2.VINYL ESTER RESIN
Offers maximum corrosion and temperature resistance to acid, alkalis, hypochlorite, and many
solvents. These products have been formulated for maximum performance with methyl ethyl ketone
peroxides. It is well documented that these catalysts provide optimal cure and thus maximum
corrosion resistance.
PRODUCT USAGE OF VINYL ESTER RESIN

1.Flame retardant / Heat resistance
2.Chemical resistance
3.Ultra Violet Rays
4.High strength to weight ratio
5.Electrical and thermal insulation.
Long Term Material Properties Testing

HYDRAULIC FAILURE TEST
ASTM D1599
Every pipe must be tested to two times the
nominal pressure for two minutes or as long
as a specific standard requires. To reduce
the risk of making scrap, there should never
be more than 4 untested pipes.
HYDROSTATIC LEAK TEST
PARALLEL PLATE LOADING TEST

ASTM D2412-02
Parallel Plate Stiffness testing machine is
designed to determine the load deflection
characteristics of GRP pipe under parallelplate loading. The characteristics determined
by this method are pipe stiffness, stiffness
factor, and load at specific deflections
MINIMUM PIPE STIFFNESS REQUIREMENTS

FOR 5% DEFLECTION
PRESSURE REQUIREMENTS
STIFFNESS CLASS
62
124
248
496
MIN. PIPE STIFFNESS REQUIRED, Kpa
PRESSURE
CLASS, Kpa
HYDROSTATIC
PRESSURE TEST, Kpa
DN
345
689
mm
689
1034
25-200
NR
NR
36
72
1034
1379
250
NR
18
36
72
1379
2068
300-3600
18
36
72
2068
1724
1724
3447
HYDROSTATIC DESIGN BASIS HDB

ASTM D2992
Requires pipe to withstand a constant
pressure of 1.8 times the maximum operating
condition. Considering internal pressure and
external soil loads, Hydrostatic pressure
testing to failure (leakage) of pipe sample at
variety of very high constant pressure level is
applied.
DEFLECTION LEVEL
A
B
STIFFNESS CLASS (SN)

2500
5000
1000
15%
25%
12%
20%
9%
15%
INITIAL RING DEFLECTION

LEVEL A - No visual evidence of cracking.
LEVEL B - No structural damage to the pipe wall.
GRP pipes long term (50 year) Ring
deflection/bending (strain) capability when
exposed to an aqueous environment and under a
constant load must meet level A deflection level.
GRP Pipe Component

Base Materials Used For The Pipes Having Distinct Characteristic.
Polyster thermosetting resin being of three types : Isophtalic, Bisphenolic, and Vinylester
Continuous fiberglass roving.
Silica sand (optional)
Standards
The SPS pipes produced in our plant are manufactured in glass reinforced thermosetting resin
(GRP) by the Filament and Continuous Winding system. Reference is made to the following
international standards.
UNI9032
Pipes in glass-reinforced thermosetting resin (GRP)
UNI9033
and/or mortar pipes used in any application.
ASTM D 2996-88
Filament-Wound Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe.
ASTM D3262-88
ASTM D3517-88
Reinforced Plastic Mortar Sewer Pipe

Fiberglass (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin Sewer and
Industrial Pressure Pipe
Fiberglass (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin Pressure Pipe
AWWA C950-95
Standard for Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin Pressure Pipe.
BS 5480-90
Specification for Glass fiber reinforced plastics (GRP) pipes and fitting to
use for water supply or sewerage
ASTM D3262
Gravity Sewer
AWWA C950
Fiberglass Pressure Pipe
AWWA M45
Fiberglass Pipe Design Manual
SASO-1577
Gravity Sewer
ASTM D3754-88
SASO-1578
Pressure Sewer
ASTM D3839 and Appendix AWWA C950-95 in relation to the inspection standards buried
pipes.
GRP Pipe Characteristic

Traction Resistance
Elasticity Young
Modules
Density
Barcol Hardness
Thermal Conductivity
Coefficient of Linear
Thermal Expansion
Electrical Resistivity
Dielectric Constant
Circ. direct
Axial Direct
Circumferential direct.
Unit of Measurement
Filament Winding
Kg/cm
2500-3000
800-1300
Kg/cm
Axial direct.
240-3000
Kcal/mhC
105-125
1.9
35-45
0.22
cm/cmC
1.6*10
ohm/cm
F/cm
10^14
3-4
Kg/cm
Quality Control
STRAIN CORROSION TEST
Covers the procedure for determining the chemical - resistant properties of fiberglass pipe in a
deflected condition.
Quality Control
DEFLECTED
PIPE
BASIN WITH
CORROSIVE
SOLUTION
QUALITY CONTROL ON PRODUCTS

The test, which the products undergo during the manufacturing stages and before dispatching ensures
that they fully comply with the international specifications and that they suitable for the usage which
they have been made for.
SPS STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR FIBER GLASS PIPE

APPLICABLE PROCEDURES / DOCUMENTS
INSPECTION / TESTING
ASTM D2563
Visual Inspection
ASTM D3567
Dimension Control
ASTM D2583-87
ASTM D2105-90
Barcol Hardness
Longitudinal (Axial) Tensile Strength
ASTM 2290-00
Hoop (Circumferential Tensile Strength
ASTM D1599
Hydrostatic Leak Test (Hydraulic)
ASTM D2412-02
Stiffness Test
ASTM D2584-68
Glass Reinforcement Content (Loss of Ignition)
Quality Assurance and Testing

LABORATORY
PROPERTIES OF SPS GRP PIPES
SPS has made the effort to have state of the art laboratory
of testing department. This department supervise and issue
certificate on all test perform or according to project
consulting required.
SERVICE LIFE OF 50 YEARS.

ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY.
CAN BE TRANSPORTED AS NESTED.
CORROSION RESISTANCE.
Resistant to corrosion in a wide
range of fluid handling applications.
STRENGTH TO WEIGHT
Pipe strength per unit weight
surpasses iron, carbon, and stainless
steels.
LIGHTWEIGHT
1/6 the weight of other steel with
similar properties and 1/10 the
weight of similar concrete product.
NON-CONDUCTIVE
not necessary to dissipate static
electricity
build-up
when
transporting certain fluids such as jet
fuel.
DIMENSIONAL STABILITY
meet the most stringent material
stiffness, dimensional tolerance,
weight and cost criteria.
LOW MAINTENANCE COST
Resistant to rust and require
minimal protection from the
environment.
TESTING
SPS-GRP PIPES undergo a series of tests to assure quality
standards, these tests are performed on each pipe/batch.
Testing starts on raw materials by making sure of
choosing the highest quality raw material we can assure top
quality final product.
By inspecting-dimensions and visual/weight throughout
production line.
Step by step: follow up checking of materials as they
advance throughout the production line. All the way to
finished products.
All raw materials undergo extensive testing to assure and
confirm that it meets technical specifications and standard
of products.
RESINS
Density at 25C
ASTM D 792
Viscosity at 25C
ASTM D2393-86
Gel Time at 25C
ASTM D2471-94
Exothermic Peak
ASTM D2471
Acid Number ASTM D1639
H.D.T. ( 264 psi)
ASTM D648
Color(Gardener Scale)
ASTM D1544
Volumetric Shrinkage
UNICHEM21969
GLASS
MASS PER UNIT AREA
ISO 3374-2000
PERCENT HUMIDITY
ISO 3344-1997
LOSS OF IGNITION
ISO 1887-1995
TEST FOR THE APPROVAL OF RAW MATERIALS
Besides test based on workability and test based on
verification of the chemicals inertness for resins, for the
approval of new raw materials the tests listed in the former
paragraph shall be completed with the following tests.
RESIN
-Tensile Strength
-Flexural Strength
GLASS
-Split Disk
ASTM D 638 M 87 b
ASTM D 790 M 86
ASTM D 2290 / 76
Material Used In Production Process

RESIN
-Polyester resins based on bisphenol or
bisphenol A.
-Polyester resins based on Isophthalic acid.
-Vinyl Ester resins based on urethane modified or epoxy
based. In all cases the resins are taken as a solution of 45 to
50% of styrene monomer.
MAT
-A fibrous material consisting of random-oriented, chopped,
or swirled filaments loosely held together with a binder.
SURFACING MAT
-A thin mat of fine fibers used primarily to produce a smooth
surface on a reinforced plastic.
HOOP DIRECT ROOVING

-A collection of parallel glass strand or filaments, coated with
a finished or coupling agent, to improve compatibility with
resins, gathered without mechanical twist. (Fig. 1)
WOVEN ROOVING
-A glass-fiber fabric reinforcing material made by the weaving
of glass-fiber roving.
CATALYST
-MEKP (Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide) in phthalate plasticizer with 9% active oxygen and 33%
peroxide content used on an average of 1.5% in the resin.
PROMOTERS
-Cobalt octoate in phthalate plasticizer with 6% metal used on an average of 0.4% in the resin.
INHIBITORS
-Pera-t-butyl-catechol, 10%, in phthalate plasticizer used on an average of 0.1% in the resin.
SILICA SAND
-Siliceous sand conforming to ASTM C33, except that the requirements for gradation need not
apply.
10
GRP Manufacturing Method

HELICAL FILAMENT WINDING MACHINE
Pipes are manufactured using the Filament Winding process on computer controlled machines
(CAM), by adjusting the relative speed of mandrel rotation and glass distribution head movement,
helical reinforced layer with different angles can be wound. The inside diameter of the finished pipe is
defined by the mandrel outside diameter and the designed wall thickness is achieved by repeated
passes. Therefore the outside diameter of pipe (OD) is determined by the wall thickness. In order to
increase pipe stiffness, specially on large diameter pipe, silica sand can be added to parallel layers of
the mechanical wall.
MANDREL
ROTATION
RESIN BATH
TRANSLATE
MAIN CHARACTERISTIC OF FILAMENT WINDING PROCESS

Bell and Spigot ends are monolithic with the pipe wall.
Optimization of axial and hoop characteristic can be obtained by changing the winding angles.
Axial strength normally higher than pipe produced with other processes.
Pipe stiffness is not related to joint stiffness that is in any case higher than pipe stiffness.
Pipes are manufactured using the filament winding process are used either for above ground and
underground installation, with gravity flow, medium and high internal pressure.
11
GRP Pipe Helical Filament Winding

PIPE WALL STRUCTURE
GRP pipe wall consist of three layers perfectly adherent one to the other and each having different
characteristic and properties in relation to their function.
TOP COAT
MECHANICAL
RESISTANT
LAYER
LINER
LINER
Liner or chemically resistant layer is the internal layer of the pipe, it is in direct contact with the
conveyed fluid. This layer has the function to guarantee the resistance to the chemical corrosion and
the impermeability of the whole pipe. Liner has the internal surface namely the one in contact with the
conveyed fluid, particularly smooth.
This characteristic of smoothness reduces to minimum the fluid head losses and pumping heads and
opposes to the growth of mineral deposits and algae. Liner is made of two monolithic sub-layers (1)
Inner, in direct contact with the fluid, is reinforced with glass veil C 30 g/m 2, with ratio resin content
in a range 80% - 90%by weight (2) Outer, reinforced with plies of glass mat E of 450 g/m 2, with a
resin content in a range of 60% - 70% by weight.
MECHANICAL RESISTANT LAYER

Glass reinforced layers guarantee the mechanical resistance of the whole pipe against stresses due to
internal and/or external pressure, external load due to handling and installation, and thermal loads.
The layer is obtained by applying on the previous partly curved liner, continuous roving of glass wetted
with resin, under controlled tensioning. This layer can contain aggregates (inert granular material such
as silica) in order to increase the stiffness of the whole pipe. Thickness of mechanical resistant layer
depends on the design condition.
TOP COAT
Top coat or Gel coat is the outer layer of the pipe which consist of pure resin added with UV protectors
to protect the pipe from sun exposure. In case of severe exposure conditions, i.e. aggressive soils or
very corrosive environment, the gel coat can be reinforcement with a surfacing veil or added with
fillers or pigments.
12
Dimension Control
NOMINAL DIAMETER
ASTM D3567
INSIDE DIAMETER SERIES
SPS pipes manufactured in Helical Filament
Winding are ranging from diameters 100mm
to 2600mm. Nominal diameter coincides
with the internal diameter. Any nominal
diameter can be manufactured. Larger
diameters can be manufactured at site by
means of special equipment.
DN
DIMENSION OF PIPE
NOMINAL DIAMETER
mm
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1700
1800
2000
2200
2300
2400
2600
in
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
27
30
36
39
42
48
51
54
60
66
72
78
84
90
96
102
INSIDE DIAMETER
mm
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1700
1800
2000
2200
2300
2400
2600
in
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
27
30
36
39
42
48
51
54
60
66
72
78
84
90
96
102
13
GRP Pipe Continuous Filament Winding Machine

The Continuous Filament Winding Machine is
designed for the continuous production of
GRP pipes. Similar to Helical Filament Winding,
but continuous, this process allows to produce
only cylindrical parts like pipes, based on a
special continuous mandrel design. In this
process, both single-end roving and chop
(multi-end) roving are necessary. It is designed
for very high production capacity. It is ideal
choice when the GRP pipes are used for water
transmission and distribution, desalination
plants, cooling systems in power plants,
irrigation projects and sewage systems.
Using this technology and developed by
material specialist, a very dense laminate is
created that maximizes the contribution from
the three basic raw materials. Both the
continuous glass fiber roving and chop able
roving are incorporated for high hoop strength
and axial reinforcement. A sand as fortifier is
used to increased the stiffness with placement
near the neutral axis in the pipe wall core.
The basic machine for manufacturing (winder)
is composed of a continuous steel band
supported by beans which form a cylindrically
shaped mandrel. The beans rotate, friction
pulls the band around and roller bearings
allow the band to move longitudinally so that
the entire mandrel continuously moves in a
spiral path toward the end of the machine. As
the mandrel moves fine graded filler, glass
fibers and resins and surface materials are
metered on in precise amount under the
direction of a programmable logic controller
(PLC) and computer (PC). The PLC-PC modules
provide integrated process control based on
the recipes encoded. Only basic pipe such as
diameter pressure and stiffness class need to
be entered and the computer calculates the
settings.
14
GRP Pipe Wall Structure

The wall of the pipe manufactured on continuous filament winding machine is made of several layers.
OIOU
OUTER LINER
OUTER SKIN
TOTAL THICKNESS
MORTAR CORE
INTERNAL SKIN HOOP ROVING
AND CHOP REINFORCEMENT
ANTI-DIFFUSION BARRIER CHOP

MATERIAL REINFORCEMENT
INTERNAL LINER RESIN RICH
SURFACING VEIL REINFORCEMENT
INTERNAL LAYER
Layer directly contact with the internal fluid, and is resin rich (approx.90% by weight), reinforced with
a surfacing veil made of C glass (chemical resistant very light fiberglass mat), or polyester veil.
Thickness 0.2mm for 1 only surfacing veil, but can be doubled.
ANTI DIFFUSION BARRIER

Part of the internal layer, is resin rich (approx.70% by weight) and is reinforced with chopped roving
of E glass. The function is to stop the propagation of micro-cracks from the mechanical layer (inner
skin) to the internal layer. Thickness 0.8 mm to 2 mm or more according to project-specification.
The standard is 0.8 mm.
INNER HIGH STRENGTH SKIN

Forms the mechanical resistant layer together with the core and the outer skin. Reinforced with high
strength hoop wound fiberglass roving (50-60% by weight), and chopped roving (10-20% by weight).
The resin content is 25-30% by weight.
MORTAR CORE
To increase the thickness and the stiffness of the pipe without using a lot of valuable raw materials.
the main constituent of the mortar core is silica sand, with a few hoop and chop roving and as low as
possible resin.
OUTER HIGH STRENGTH SKIN

As the inner skin. Generally it has the same thickness of the inner skin, but can be different.
OUTER LINER
The outer liner can be simply pure resin, but can be also reinforced with a surfacing veil, in order to
increase the finishing and the chemical resistance to the environment.
15
Outside Diameter Series
SPS pipes manufactured in Continuous

Filament Winding are standardized on
the basis of the outside diameter in
order to use standard coupling.
DN
Nominal Diameter (DN) and outside

Diameter (OD) are taken from the
International Standards, basically the
AWWA C-950.
DIMENSION OF PIPE FOR CONTINUOUS FILAMENT WINDING

OUTSIDE DIAMETER SERIES
OUTSIDE DIAMETER SERIES
NOMINAL DIAMETER
OUTSIDE DIAMETER
NOMINAL DIAMETER OUTSIDE DIAMETER
mm
mm
mm
mm
300
310
1300
1332
350
361
1400
1434
400
412
1500
1536
450
463
1600
1638
500
514
1700
1740
600
616
1800
1842
700
718
1900
1944
800
820
2000
2046
900
924
2100
2148
1000
1026
2200
2250
1100
1128
2300
2351
1200
1229
2400
2453
2500
2556
16
SPS Pipe Technical Data

LENGTH
The standard length of SPS Pipe is normally 12
meters for DN150 and above. DN100 are only
available in 9 meter standard lengths.
LOAD CAPACITY VALUES

The following values can be applied for axial tensile and hoop tensile for design objectives.
HOOP TENSILE LOAD CAPACITY

Minimum hoop or circumferential load, N per length (mm)
HOOP TENSILE LOAD CAPACITY

DN
PN1
PN6 PN10 PN16 PN20 PN25 PN32
80
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2400
2500
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
70
80
90
100
120
140
160
180
200
240
280
320
360
400
480
500
89
119
178
238
297
357
420
480
540
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1440
1680
1920
2160
2400
2880
3000
178
238
357
476
595
714
400
800
900
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2400
2800
3200
3600
4000
4800
5000
238
318
477
636
795
95
1120
1280
1440
1600
1920
2240
2560
2880
3200
3840
4480
5120
5760
6400
7680
8000
269
358
538
717
896
1076
1400
1600
1800
2000
2400
2800
3200
3600
4000
4800
5600
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1750
2000
2250
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
6000
7600
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2240
2560
2880
3200
3840
4480
5120
5760
6400
7680
8960
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
17

AXIAL TENSILE LOAD CAPACITY
Minimum axial or longitudinal load, N per circumference (mm)
DN
80
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2400
2500
PN1
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
70
80
90
100
120
140
160
180
200
240
280
320
360
400
480
500
PN6
89
119
178
238
297
357
420
480
540
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1440
1680
1920
2160
2400
2880
3000
PN10
178
238
357
476
595
714
400
800
900
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2400
2800
3200
3600
4000
4800
5000
PN16
238
318
477
636
795
95
1120
1280
1440
1600
1920
2240
2560
2880
3200
3840
4480
5120
5760
6400
7680
8000
PN20
269
358
538
717
896
1076
1400
1600
1800
2000
2400
2800
3200
3600
4000
4800
5600
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
PN25
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1750
2000
2250
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
6000
7600
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
PN32
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2240
2560
2880
3200
3840
4480
5120
5760
6400
7680
8960
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
PRESSURE
Nominal Pressure of SPS pipes are listed below. Some nominal pressures are not available in all
diameter and stiffnesss.
Nominal Pressure (PN)
Pressure Rating (Bar)
Diameter Limit (mm)
1
6
10
16
20
25
32
1
6
10
16
20
25
32
3700
3700
2500
2000
1400
1400
1400
18

STIFFNESS CLASS
GRP pipe can be supplied to the following stiffness
STIFFNESS CLASS
N/ m3
SN 2500
2500
SN 5000
5000
SN10000
10000
HYDROTESTING
Standard Factory Test Pressure
Maximum Field
1.5 x PN
1.5 x PN (Nominal Pressure)
SURGE
Maximum Pressure
1.4 X PN (Nominal Pressure)
THERMAL COEFFICIENT
The SPS pipe thermal coefficient of axial expansion and contraction is between 24 to 30 x 104
cm/cm/C
FLOW VELOCITY
The flow velocity for clean water and contains no abrasive material are up to 4m/sec. The
recommended maximum flow velocity is 3m/sec.
ULTRA VIOLET DEGRADATION EFFECT

Discoloration in the outermost of the SPS pipe may be occurred due to exposure from sunlight or by
ultra violet degradation. However, it cannot affect to the long term service of SPS pipe. Proper
maintenance is also required to make the service of the pipe longer.
POISONS RATIO
In any pipe constructions the Poisons ratio is required. The Poisons ratio of SPS pipe is slightly less
by using the following hoop tensile and axial loading ranging 0.22 to 0.29.
19

SURGE AND WATER HAMMER
WATER HAMMER
Water hammer or pressure surge is the sudden rise or fall in pressure caused by abrupt change in the
fluid velocity within the pipe system.
THE CAUSE OF WATER HAMMER PRESSURE IN THE PIPE:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Rapid closing or opening of valves.

Sudden starting or stopping of pumps such as during power failure.
Change in velocity of the fluid.
Rate of change of velocity (valve closing time).
Compressibility of the fluid
Stiffness of the pipe in the hoop direction and physical lay-out of pipe system.
SPS PIPE WATER HAMMER PRESSURE APPROXIMATION AND ALLOWANCE:

Steel, Ductile and Iron pipes
50%
SPS Pipe surge pressure allowance
40% of Nominal Pressure
An approximate relationship for the maximum pressure variation at a given point in a straight
pipeline with negligible friction loss can be calculated from the formula:
H = (wv) / g
Where:
H = change in pressure (m)
w = surge wave celerity (m/s)
v = change in liquid velocity (m/s)

g = acceleration due to gravity (m/s)
SPS PIPE SURGE WAVE CELERITY

DN
350-400
SN 2500
450-800
900-2500
meter/sec
DN
350-400
450-800
900-2500
350
340
SN 10000
PN10
365
435
420
405
PN6
420
415
410
PN16
500
490
480
PN10
435
425
415
PN16
500
465
485
PN25
580
570
560
PN32
620
615
615
PN6
DN
SN 5000
PN6
PN10
PN16
PN25
DN
SN 10000
PN6
PN10
PN16
350-400
405
435
505
575
450-800 900-2500
meter/sec
380
370
420
410
95
480
570560
80
100
580
590
640
560
570
620
150
meter/sec
540
560
610
meter/sec
200
250
520
50
600
500
520
590
20
SPS -GRP Pipe Hydraulic Characteristics

Saudi Pipe Systems Co. (SPS) produces GRP pipes
by continuous filament winding machines, by
reproducible processes. All these pipes are
provided with rich interior layers, providing very
smooth inner surfaces. This smooth interior
surfaces results in very low fluid resistance.
For hydraulic analysis of the every piping system,
pipe roughness is the concern. One of the FAQ by
the Hydraulic Engineers / Consultants /
Contractors / Clients is what the value of GRP pipe
toughness is.
This roughness is being used in various forms in
various equations of hydraulic analysis. Find below
the summary of the mean value based on the
experimental studies.
These values are based on the experimental
studies carried out by Owens Corning and SINTEFF
from Norway. Complete report is available upon
request.
For any additional hydraulic requirements and

clarifications do not hesitate to approach SPS. We
are willing to assist you anytime.
ABRASION RESISTANCE
Abrasion resistance can be related to the effects
that sands or other similar material may have on
the interior surface of the pipe. While there is no
widely standardized testing procedure or ranking
method. SPS-GRP Pipe has been evaluated by
using the Darmstadt Rocker method.
Results will be highly influenced by the type of
abrasive material used in the test. Using gravel
which was obtained from the same source as that
used at Darmstadt University, the average
abrasion loss of SPS Pipe is 0.84mm at 100,000
cycles.
In fact AWWA C-950 also recommends for the

usage of similar values. This confirms that above
values are in good agreement even with the
international standards.
Apart from above, the interior pipe surfaces,
typically remains smooth overtime, in most fluid
services . Therefore, fluid resistance will not
increase with age. This has been demonstrated,
when few GRP pipes under operation over the
decade were inspected and evaluated. Certificate
from respective authorities is available upon
request confirming no deterioration.
Roughness Parameters (Means Values)

Flow Rate
Cole Brook-White
Manning
Hazen-Williams
(m3/hr)
or K (mm)
M (m1/3/s)
C (10-1.38m0.37/s)
150
N/A
178
357
21
Head loss chart
22
Engineering Services
The Engineering department of SPS can assist
the costumers in all stages of their projects
and is able to issue (but not limited to) the
following documentation:
FIELD OF APPLICATION
STRESS ANALYSIS ON AERIAL / BURIED

GRP PIPING SYSTEM BY MEANS OF
CEASAR II PROGRAM
Sewer system on both urban and industrial.
Calculation of buried pipes according to

AWWA M-45.
Calculation of aerial pipes, installed on
supports according to AWWA M-45.
Hydraulic calculations according to usual
formula.
Standards and Specifications.
Design Technical and shop drawings in
Autocad format.
Field assistance.
Water transmission and distribution on both civil

and industrial (Potable and Raw Water).
Irrigation networks.
Water intakes for cooling water system.
Waste water outfalls to sea.
Sea lines and river crossings.
Process lines for industrial plants.
Corrosive fluids and verity gas tanks.
Wells casing and wells pump riser.
SPS EXPERTS ARE ABLE TO PROVIDE

ASSISTANCE DURING THE FOLLOWING FIELD
ACTIVITIES
Penstock.
Installation
Laminations
Hydro-Testing
Gasoline handling and distribution networks.
GRP pipe installation needs special attention if

the contractor engaged in laying the pipes has
no knowledge or experience with this product.
In this case the SPS /GRP by means of its
technical team can offer assistance by sending a
qualified person to the customer who will train
and assist the contractor.
Gravity & pressure sewer lines.
Flue gas desulphurization.
Flue gas stacks.
Storm sewers.
Circulating water for power plants.
23
Transportation and Handling

Prior to unloading of pipes from trailer, all items shall be inspected for any visual transportation
damages.
Single pipe must be unloaded and handled separately (one at a time). Use pliable straps, slings or
ropes to lift single pipe.
Do not use steel cables or chains to lift or transport the pipe.
Care shall be taken to prevent pipes from rolling or falling from flat bed trailer and this shall be
attained by using proper supports.
HANDLING OF NESTED PIPES

We propose to nest various diameter pipes during transportation. Always lift nested bundles using at
least two pliable ropes. Always keep nested pipes on site in the original transportation package only.
Stacking of these pipes is not advisable. De-nesting of pipes should be done carefully at pre allocated
station. Inside pipe may be removed by lifting slightly with an inserted padded boom to suspend the
section and carefully move it out without damaging the outer pipe.
24
Installation
AVAILABLE METHODS IN PIPE SYSTEM
INSTALLATION AND ADJUSTMENT OF
JOINT:
Double O-ring Bell and Spigot Joint
Double O-ring Bell and Spigot with locking key
joint.
Mechanical Coupling.
Butt and Strap Joint.
Flanged Joint.
Reka Coupling.
METHODS FOR INSTALLATION OF PIPE AND

FITTINGS
1.STANDARD COMPONENTS
Adjustment should be made in the field by means
of Butt and Strap joining system.
2.PRE-FABRICATED PIPES
For quick and easy mounting, narrow tolerances
less field joints, and lower installation cost.
ABOVE
GROUND
1. Lines which laid directly on the surface of the

ground.
2. Lines which are hung or supported as in typical
plant.
-Tensile Resistance Couplings should be used. In
well-supported pipelines for non-pressure
application, a non-tensile resistant system can be
used.
-- Horizontal pipe should be supported at
intervals suggested by support spacing data.
- For the supporting of pipes systems, several
types of pipe clips can be used. Between pipe
and steel collar, a PVC saddle or protective
rubber layer should be provided to minimize
abrasion.
GRP
OVERLAY
SUPPORT
CATEGORIES
OF
INSTALLATION
F
SUPPORT
25
Installation
UNDERGROUND INSTALLATION
CLASSIFICATION OF NATIVE SOILS

The external loads (soil and traffic) above a GRP
buried pipe cause a decrease in the vertical
diameter and an increase in the horizontal
diameter (deflection), that is indicate of
stain(stress) levels in the pipe wall.
Native soils according to AWWA 950/95 are
classified in 4 soil stiffness category.
Native soil groups depend both on soil types
(classification) and soil density, which together
determine the soil modulus. The symbols GW,
GP,SW,SP,GM,SM,SC,ML,CL
etc
are
in
accordance to ASTM-D2488.
SOIL STIFFNESS CATEGORY 1

Crushed Rock and Gravel with <15% Sand and
5% Fines
- Provide maximum pipe support for a given
density due to low contents of sand and fines.
-Can be installed at relatively high soil stiffness
over a wide range of moisture contents.
SOIL PIPE SYSTEM

The external loads (soil and traffic) above a
GRP buried pipe cause a decrease in the
vertical diameter and an increase in the
horizontal diameter (deflection), that is
indicative of strain (stress) levels in the pipe
wall.
The horizontal movement develops a passive
soil resistance that enhances pipe support.
The amount of deflection depends on soil
load, live load, native soil characteristics, pipe
backfill material, trench width, hunching and
pipe stiffness.
Buried
fiberglass
pipes
generally
accommodate 4-5% long term deformation
without structural damage.
Course Grained Soils with Little or no Fines

-When compacted, provide a relatively high
level of pipe support. However, open-graded
groups may allow migration and sizes should be
checked for compatibility with adjacent
material.

Course Grained Soils with Fines
-Provide less support for a given density SC1 and
SC2 material.

Fine Grained Soils with Medium to no Plasticity
- The moisture content must be near optimum
to minimize compactness effort and achieve the
required density.
- Can provide reasonable levels of pipe support.
26
Installation
INSTALLATION TYPE
INSTALLATION TYPE 1
-Carefully constructed bed.
-Backfill 70% relative Density Gravel.
-Backfill compacted gravel to 300mm over pipe
crown.
INSTALLATION TYPE 2
-Carefully constructed bed.
-Backfill 90% standard proctor Sand.
-Backfill compacted sand to 300mm over pipe crown.
INSTALLATION TYPE 3
-Backfill to 70% of pipe diameter with gravel or sand (primary
pipe zone)
-Backfill from 70% to pipe crown with compatible native
compacted to 90% standard Proctor.
INSTALLATION TYPE 4
-Prepare pipe bed and haunch with sand or gravel compacted to
90% standard Proctor or 70% Relative Density.
-Backfill from 30% of pipe diameter to pipe crown with
compactable native compacted to 90% standard Proctor.
Where:
EXCAVATED TRENCH WIDTH
F = 200 for pipe DN300

to 500 mm.
F
GROUND LEVEL
F = 600 for pipe above

DN1600 mm.
NATIVE SOIL
FINAL
BACKFILL
INITIAL
BACKFILL
F = 450 for pipe DN1000

to 1600 mm.
300mm
F = 300 for pipe

DN600 to 900 mm.
BEDDING
-MIN. 150mm
27
Fittings
FITTINGS AND ACCESSORIES
Supply the following fittings such as Flanges, Elbows, Wyes, Tees, Couplings, and reducers.
Large Diameter Fittings are available upon request.
FABRICATION METHODS
Fitting are manufactured by the hand lay-up,
contact molding and spray-up process. In hand
lay-up and contact molding, previous veil and
alternate layers of mat and woven roving
saturated with resin are applied on the mold.
The operation is repeated to reach the required
thickness.
To fit the special needs of the costumers a
study and development can be performed for
making non-standards products. Before
supplying such products, SPS/GRP needs to be
sure that the product is made according the
relevant standards and that is tested and
proven as a good one.
WALL STRUCTURE
GRP fitting wall such as the pipe wall consist of
three layers perfectly adherent one to the other
in order to have monolithic structure, each
having different characteristics and properties
in relation to their function. Liner and top coat
are the same as the pipe. The difference
consists in the mechanical resistant layer due to
the type of reinforcement used.
28
Fittings
FLANGES
LAMINATION JOINT
CALIBRATED END
FLANGE
CALIBRATED END
FLANGE FLANGE
DN
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
FL/CAL. END
105
120
125
135
160
170
195
210
230
270
315
360
400
430
480
520
550
580
620
L
FLANGE
LAMINATION
JOINT END
OVER-ALL LENGTH, L (mm)

FL/FL
FL/ LAM. JOINT END
340
170
470
235
540
270
620
310
720
360
800
400
910
455
1000
500
1100
550
1290
645
1500
750
1710
855
1900
950
2060
1030
2160
1080
2240
1120
2300
1150
2360
1180
2440
1220
29
Fittings
FLANGES
OD
PCD
T
DXN
DRILLING
PN10
DN
PN16
OD
PCD
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
600
700
800
23
25
30
35
40
41
41
45
47
53
61
67
220
285
340
395
445
505
565
615
670
780
895
1015
180
240
295
350
400
460
515
565
620
725
840
950
HOLE
DIA.
16
20
20
20
20
20
22
22
22
27
27
30
No. OF
HOLES
8
8
8
12
12
16
16
20
20
20
24
24
OD
PCD
180
240
295
355
410
470
525
640
650
770
840
950
HOLE
DIA.
16
20
20
22
22
22
27
27
30
33
33
36
No. OF
HOLES
8
8
12
12
12
16
16
20
20
20
24
24
28
31
36
41
48
50
52
57
60
66
76
85
220
285
340
405
460
520
580
585
715
840
910
1025
900
73
1115
1050
30
28
90
1125
1050
36
28
1000
85
1230
1160
33
28
105
1255
1170
39
28
1100
90
1340
1270
33
32
105
1355
1270
39
32
1200
1300
1400
90
95
95
1455
1575
1675
1380
1490
1590
36
39
39
32
32
36
105
110
110
1485
1585
1685
1390
1490
1590
45
45
45
32
32
36
1500
100
1785
1700
39
36
110
1820
1710
52
36
30
Fittings
FLANGE COUPLING
FLANGE CALIBRATED END
REKA COUPLING
FLANGE-BELL END
FLANGE SPIGOT END
CONCENTRIC REDUCER
D2
D1
D2
D1
REDUCER
ECCENTRIC REDUCER
1. Length of A and B = Length of Lamination according to DN and pressure.

2.Length of L = ( D1 - D2 ) x 2.5
31
Fittings
90 DEGREE
DN
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
60 DEGREE
45 DEGREE
L (PN10)
90
223
345
446
548
640
736
798
884
986
1144
1302
1466
1624
1782
1940
2103
2262
2420
2578
60
160
250
320
390
449
514
544
599
669
764
859
958
1053
1148
1243
1343
1437
1532
1627
ELBOW - MITERED
30 DEGREE
L (PN16)
45
142
223
284
346
397
453
474
520
581
658
736
818
895
972
1050
1132
1209
1286
1364
30
113
180
227
273
310
352
359
390
437
567
534
587
636
684
732
930
834
883
931
90
283
415
536
658
770
886
968
1084
1216
1404
1607
1816
2014
2202
2290
2373
2462
2550
2638
60
220
320
410
500
579
664
714
799
899
1024
1164
1308
1443
1568
1593
1613
1637
1662
1687
45
202
293
374
456
527
603
644
720
811
918
1014
1168
1285
1392
1400
1402
1409
1416
1424
30
173
250
317
383
440
502
529
590
667
827
839
937
1026
1104
1082
1200
1034
1013
991
32
Fittings
TEE EQUAL AND UNEQUAL
D1
D2
D1
100
D2
JOINT
LAMINATION
L
H
240
120
370
185
300
145
520
260
100
380
210
690
355
150-200
400
210
690
355
100
150 100-150
200
CALIBRATED
D1
700
800
D2
CALIBRATED
JOINT
LAMINATION
L
H
100-300
1400
700
2270
1135
350-700
1400
780
2270
1215
100-350
1600
800
2590
1295
400-800
1600
900
2590
1395
100-400
1840
900
2900
1450
450-900
1840
1020
2900
1570
100
470
260
840
440
150-250
490
260
840
440
300
100-150
200-300
580
600
330
330
1000
1000
530
530
1000
100-450 2000
500-1000 2000
1000
1140
3200
3200
1600
1740
350
100-150
200-350
680
690
385
385
1150
1150
615
615
1100
100-500 2200
550-1100 2200
1100
1240
3400
3400
1750
1840
400
100-200
250-400
800
800
400
450
1320
1320
660
710
1200
100-500 2400
600-1200 2400
1200
1340
3600
3600
1900
1940
450
100-200
250-450
910
910
445
505
1470
1470
735
795
1300
100-600 2600
700-1300 2600
1300
1400
3800
3800
1900
2040
500
100-250
300-500
1000
1020
500
570
1640
1640
820
890
1400
100-600 2800
700-1400 2800
1400
1540
4000
4000
2100
2140
600
100-250
300-600
1200
1200
600
660
1950
1950
975
1035
1500
100-700 3000
800-1500 3000
1500
1640
4200
4200
2200
2240
250
900
33
Joints
DOUBLE O-RING BELL AND
SPIGOT WITH LOCKING KEY
SLEEVE COUPLING
The joint is a double O-ring bell and

spigot type with a locking device that
is inserted through a bell opening into
a hoop groove. Both metallic and
shear resistant plastic materials are
used for this device. This joint is a
non-destructive, separable joint.
Higher pressure can be supplied on
request.
The axial forces have to be sustained
by external devices.
PRESSURE
TEST NIPPLE
BELL
END
LOCKING KEY
SPIGOT
END
DOUBLE
O-RING
PRESSURE
TEST NIPPLE
Application
Diameters
25 - 500mm
600 - 1200mm
1300 and above
Pressure
up to 30 Bar
up to 20 Bar
up to 16 bar
REKA GASKET RUBBER
PIPE 1
PIPE 2
REKA COUPLING
GRP pipes manufactured by the continuous

filament winding machine and cross winding
machine are joined with sleeve coupling made
of lip-type elastomeric profile (REKA RRA-69)
inserted into the grooves of the GRP sleeve
and covering the pipe spigot ends.
the pressure of the conveyed fluid against
the profile lips
the compression of the elastomeric profile
between the pipe external surface.
Maximum Recommended Angular Deflection
of Bell and Spigot joint
DN
Angular Deflection, Degree
< 500
3
>= 500 to < 900
2
>= 900 to < 1800
1
> 1800
0.5
BELL SPIGOT JOINT
PIPE 1
PIPE 1
ANGLE
34
Joints
BUTT AND STRAP
DN
This permanent joint consist of a hardening of impregnated glass, mats and tissues laminated
according to specified with and thickness. The laminated joint provides continuity in both hoop and
axial directions.
The application field of butt and strap joint is related
PN10
PN16
DN
to diameter and pressure classes of pipes to diameter
T
L
T
L
and pressure classes of pipes and fittings to be joint.
100
4
100
5
130
The dimensions of butt and strap joint are calculated
150
5
160
7
230
according to the following formulae :
200
6
200
9
290
T = P ( ID+2T)/(2H-P)
250
7
240
11
350
L = P ( ID+2T)/2S
300
8.5
270
13
400
T = THICKNESS OF LAMINATION, Mpa
350
10
310
14.5
460
P = DESIGN PRESSURE, Mpa
400
11
350
16
520
ID = INSIDE DIA., mm
450
12
380
18
580
T = PIPE THICKNESS, mm
500
13
420
20
640
H = ALLOWABLE HOOP STRESS, Mpa
600
15
490
23.5
750
S = ALLOWABLE SHEAR STRESS, Mpa
700
18
560
27
870
800
20
640
31
990
L
900
22
710
34.5 1100
1000
24.5
780
38
1220
1100
26
850
41.5 1220
1200
27.5
920
45
1300
1300
29
990
49
1300
1400
32
1060
52
1340
1500
35
1100
56
1340
COUPLING AND EXPANSION JOINT
DN
NL
NL
NL
COUPLING
L
NL
EXPANSION JOINT
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
600
700
800
900
COUPLING
L
393
467
467
467
592
592
592
704
704
704
704
704
750
EXPANSION JOINT
NL
BL
1172
672
1208
708
1208
708
1208
708
1208
756
1256
756
1256
756
1315
815
1315
815
1315
815
1315
815
1315
815
1336
836
35
Pipe Joining
JOINING PIPES
SPS GRP pipe sections are typically joined using GRP double bell couplings or bell and spigot joints.
Pipe and couplings may be supplied separately or the pipe may be supplied with a coupling installed
on one end.
Other joining systems such as flanges, mechanical couplings and butt and strap lamination joints
may also be used with SPS GRP pipe.
DOUBLE BELL COUPLING

Cleaning and Gasket Installation the following steps (1 to 4) apply to all double bell coupling-joining
procedures.
STEP 1: CLEAN COUPLING

Thoroughly clean double bell coupling grooves and rubber
gasket rings to make sure no dirt or oil is present.
STEP 2: INSTALL GASKETS

STEP 1
STEP 2
Insert the gasket into the grooves, leaving two or more

uniform loops of rubber (depending on diameter) extending
out of the groove. Do not put any lubricant in the grooves or
on the gasket at this stage. There should be a minimum of
one loop for each 450mm of gasket ring circumference.
With uniform pressure, push each loop of the rubber gasket
into the gasket groove.
When installed, pull carefully on the gasket in the radial
direction around the whole circumference to check for welldistributed compression of the gasket.
Check also that both sides of the gasket protrude equally
above the top of the groove around the whole
circumference.
Tapping with a rubber hammer will be helpful to accomplish
the above.
STEP 3: LUBRICATE GASKETS

Next, using a clean cloth, apply a thin film of lubricant to the
rubber gaskets.
STEP 3
36
STEP 4: CLEAN AND LUBRICATE SPIGOTS

Thoroughly clean pipe spigots to remove any dirt, grit, grease,
etc. Using a clean cloth, apply a thin film if lubricant to the
spigots from the end of the pipe to the black positioning
stripe. After lubricating, take care to keep the coupling and
spigot clean.
Caution: It is very important to use only the correct lubricant
thin film of lubricants to the spigots from the end of the pipe
to the black positioning stripe. After lubricating, take care to
keep the coupling and spigot clean.
STEP 4
Caution: It is very important to use only the correct lubricant.
SPS GRP provides sufficient lubricant with each delivery of coupling. If for some reason you run out,
please contact SPS GRP for additional supply or advice on alternative lubricants. Never use a
petroleum based lubricant.
STEP 5: FIXING OF CLAMP

Clamp A is fixed anywhere on first pipe or left in position from previous joint. Fix clamp B on the pipe
to be connected in the correct position relative to the alignment stripe on the spigot-end (home line)
so as to act as a stopper.
CLAMP B
CLAMP A
STEPS 5 & 6
Note: The mechanical installation clamp is to act both as a stop to position the coupling and as a
device on which to attach the pulling (come-along jacks) equipment. Clamp contact with the pipe.
Shall be padded or otherwise protected to prevent damage to the pipe and to have high friction
resistance with the pipe surface. If clamps are not available, nylon slings or rope may be used as in
Figure 3.6, but care must be taken in the alignment of the acting as a stopper. However, if not
available, insert the pipe spigots until the home-line (alignment stripe) aligns with the coupling edge.
STEP 6: PIPE PLACEMENT

The pipe to be connected is placed on the bed with sufficient distance from previously joined pipe to
allow lowering the coupling into position.
COME-ALONG JACK (one on each side)
PLANK ON BOTH SIDES

TO PREVENT PIPE
DAMAGE
NYLON
OR
ROPE SWING
37
STEP 7: JOIN COUPLING

Come-along jacks are installed to connect the pipe clamps and two 10 cm x 10 cm timbers or similar
(large diameters require a bulkhead) are placed between the pipe previously connected and the
coupling. While these are held in position the new pipe is entered into the coupling until it rests
against the pipe is entered into the coupling until it rests against the pipe.
WOOD (10cm x 10cm)
STEP 7
WOOD (10cm X 10cm)
Note: Approximate joining force 1 kg/mm of diameter.

Note: For smaller diameter (100mm to 300mm) it might be possible to joint pipe and coupling
without the use of come-along jacks. The use of levers is common to join small diameters.
STEP 8: JOIN PIPES

Come-along jacks are loosened and timbers removed before re-tightening the jacks for entering the
coupling onto the previously connected pipe. Check the correct position of the edge of the coupling
to the alignment stripe.
B
STEP 8
A
A
Note: When step 8 has been completed, clamp-B is left in position while Clamp A is moved on to the
next pipe to be joined.
38
Angular Deflection of Double Bell Couplings

Maximum angular deflection (turn at each coupling joint must not exceed the amounts given in table. The
pipes should be joined in straight alignment and thereafter deflected angularly as required
COUPLING
PIPE
OFFSET
RADIUS OF
CURVATURE
DEFLECTION OF ANGLE
Angular Deflection at Double Bell Coupling Joint

BENDING RADIUS
PIPE DIAMETER
PIPE TO PIPE ANGULAR

DEFLECTION
L = 6m
L = 12m
300 DN 600
600 DN 750
750 DN 900
900 DN 1100
1100 DN 1400
1400 DN 1900
1900 DN 2800
2800 DN 3800
3800 DN 4000
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.75
0.5
86
98
115
138
172
229
344
458
688
172
196
229
275
344
458
688
917
1375
The bending radius depends on the section length of the pipe. In the above table it is shown for the
standard section length of 6m to 12 m, but it can be easily calculated since it is inverse relation to the
section length (for 3m section length will be half of the radius for 6m section length).
39
FRP Flange Joining Procedure

GRP flanges with diameter 350mm and larger should be jointed according to the following
procedure:
1. Thoroughly clean the flange face and the O ring groove with any clean rags and avoid any oil
contact for both the groove and the O ring.
2. Ensure the O ring gasket is clean and undamaged. Do not use defective gasket.
3. Position the O ring in the groove and secure in position, if necessary, with small strips of adhesive
tape at intermittent locations.
4. Make sure that the two flanges or connecting flange with valve or expansion joint is well aligned
with GRP flanges. Any misalignment could lead to high stress at flange neck and could cause damage.
5. Insert bolts, washers and nuts. All hardware must be clean and lubricated to avoid incorrect
tightening. Washers must be used on all GRP flanges.
METAL
FLANGE
FIG. SPS-1
GRP FLANGE
O RING GASKET
1. Using a torque wrench, tighten all bolts to 35 N-m torque, following standard flange bolt tightening
sequences shown in Fig. SPS-2.
2. Repeat this procedure, raising the bolt until the flanges almost touch at their inside edges with a
gap of 2-3mm or maximum bolt torque of 100 N-m. Do not exceed this torque without consulting
SPS for advice. If done so, this may cause permanent damage to the GRP flange.
3. Uniform pressure should be established over the flange face by tightening bolts in 7 N-m (5 lb-ft)
increment according to the sequence shown in Fig. SPS-2. For flanges with more than 20 bolts,
similar alternating bolt tightening sequences shall be used, ( As per ASTM D4024-00).
4. Check bolt torque one hour later and adjust as seen necessary to 100 N-m.
5. The maximum torque, in any case, should not be more than 110 to 130 N-m. Care should be
exercised while increasing the torque uniformly.
6. The above procedure is applicable for all diameters.
FIG. SPS-2
40
Note: When connecting two GRP flanges, only

one flange should have a gasket groove in the
face.
OTHER JOINING METHODS

1. Flexible Steel Couplings:
(Straub, Tee Kay, etc See Fig. SPS-3)
These couplings can be used for joining as well
for repair. The coupling consist of a steel mantle
with an interior rubber-sealing sleeve.
Three grades are available:
Epoxy or PVC-coated steel mantle.
Stainless steel mantle.
Hot dip galvanized steel mantle.
Control of bolting torque with these couplings is
most important. After initial bolt up, the
coupling should be rapped with a rubber mallet
to help seat and flow the gasket. Bolt torque
should then be adjusted up to proper levels.
Depending on coupling size, this procedure may
need to be repeated several times. Do not over
torque as this may. Over stress the bolts. Follow
the manufacturers recommended assembly
instructions.
FIG. SPS-3
FLANGE
2. Mechanical Steel Couplings:

(Viking Johnson, Dresser etc. See Fig. SPS-4)
These couplings can be used for joining, typically
to other types of pipe or to rigid items.
Bolting torque must be controlled not to exceed
the manufacturers maximum recommended
values. Excess torque could damage the pipe.
SLEEVE FLANGE
GASKET
FIG. SPS-4
41
Site Hydrotest GRP Piping

UNDER GROUND PIPING SYSTEMCOUPLING JOINTS
Field hydrotest could be conducted in segments
or as a complete piping system.
SEGMENT HYDROTESTINGS
Certain lengths shall be chosen according to site
conditions to test the installed piping system in
segments. A clearance of 4 meters minimum
shall be maintained between the segments
which could be later installed as Make-up pipe
piece with double spigot calibration to facilitate
the jointing on existing piping segment.
FIXING TEST PLUGS:

There are more than one methods to close
temporarily the pipe ends for hydrotest
purposes:
1.USING BLIND END CAPS:
Blind end cap is FRP coupling with one end
lamination, while the other end is with groove
for rubber gasket to work as sealing the end.
Fix the end cap with the last pipe end to be
tested after placing the rubber gasket into end
cap groove.
Joint with the spigot pipe end through
pullers/come-along jacks.
Necessary openings could be provided to the
end caps for ventilation/pressure gauge. After
segment test, these end caps could be removed
through pullers & could be reused for other
segments after rubber gasket replacement.
Adequate concrete block supports shall be
provided to the end cap to prevent the pipe
movement during hydrotest.
2.FLANGED BLIND END:
Flanged blind end is a spool consist of flange
with pipe piece & blind through a blind flange
with bolts at one end while the other end is a
spigot calibrated pipe shall be joined with the
existing end coupling.
* Further details of above options is available
upon request.)
CHECK LIST
PRIOR TO PIPE ENDS BLIND:
To check each coupling joint is connected
correctly and the clearance between the pipe
end is uniform all around. (Field joints testing
equipment is available for pipe diameters
ranging from 700 mm to 2600 mm ). This test
ensures the rubber gaskets correct positioning
inside the double bell coupling groove. The test
shall be conducted prior to start backfill. For
details, contact SPS field representative.
Internal visual inspection shall be carried out for
accessible pipe diameters for any possible
damage during installation/backfilling.
In no case, shall a single person be allowed to get
inside of the piping for inspection.
Vertical deflection measurements shall be taken
to observe the pipe behavior after the backfill.
(Refer to underground installation manual for
details).
Make sure that the pipes are backfilled to the
minimum cover depth requirements of
hydrotest.
For 100mm to 300 mm diameters
(Min. 600 mm cover over the pipe crown)
For 350mm diameters and above
(Min. 1000mm cover over the pipe crown)
Double bell coupling joints could be exposed in
case of the client requirements.
Make sure that the backfilling slope at the joints
location is maintained with minimum pipe
exposure.
PREPARATION PRIOR TO HYDROTEST:

Make sure that the test method statement is
available with full
understanding of
implementation to the testing team.
Allowance for each branch/manhole to move
freely, within limits during the hydrotest.
Fixing ventilation at highest points, minimum
two pressure gauges and filling points with
valves.
42
The values and reading at the pressure shall be

calculated taking into account the static head
between the lowest pipe invert level along the
complete line and the level of the pressure
gauge.
All flanges are tightened to the specified torque
bolt sequence. Make sure that the values are
anchored and the above ground piping, if any is
supported as specified.
In no case, shall a single person be allowed to get

inside of the piping for inspection.
Upon verification of the inspection, when the
finding are all judged acceptable & recorded,
manhole covers shall be closed.
Prior to start water filling, temporarily piping &
blinds shall be installed checked & verified by
the
client/consultant/contractor/representatives.
WATER FILLING & PRESSURIZING THE

SYSTEM:
(It shall be confirmed that all vent points are
fully opened to atmosphere, prior to start water
filling).
Introduce water filling through temporary hosing
& pump at lowest point. Pump capacity shall be
chosen according to the pipe diameter and
segment/system linear length. (Pump having
100m3 capacity/hour are generally used for large
diameter pipes).
The sign of complete water filling is when the
water starts coming through higher point
ventilation opened valves.
Stop water pumps at this stage & check the

flanges, valves and connected accessories for
any webpage/leakage while keeping the vents
open.
PRESSURIZING:
Start pressurizing the segment/system through
pump. Once the water starts coming out
through vent opening, close the valves at low
elevation. Later on the high elevation end the
vent valves shall be closed as well after water
starts coming.
The pressure increment shall be maintained

approximately as 0.5 bar/10minutes at this
stage. When the pressure reaches to 2 bar, the
pumps shall be stopped.
Keep this stoppage for 15-20 minutes. During
this time, following checks shall be made:
Pressure at each test gauge shall be checked &
recorded on inspection sheet.
Watch the pressure at the water feed point for
any decrease in pressure.
Walk through along with the underground
lines to observe any traces of wet soil. Check the
coupling joints if exposed.
The inspection sheet shall be maintained for the
observations & findings.
Anything unusual shall be immediately reported
to the team leader.
Unless there is no findings which prevent the
test from continuing, the segment/system shall
be further pressurized.
Connect the hose with the pressure pump and
start pressurizing the line. At this stage, slightly
open the vent. Valve should be fixed at a higher
elevation to ensure that no entrapped air is
present.
Upon confirmation of water coming out of the
vent, valve shall be closed. The system is now
totally closed and under pressure.
Continue the pressure pump until it reaches to
5.0 Bar. During this operation, the pump shall
be constantly attended for pressure control.
Stop the pressure pump once it reaches to 5.0
Bar and let it stabilize.
There could be a drop in pressure due to the
thermal expansion, which could be resolved by
restarting the pump or keep it as is & record it
on the inspection sheet.
Keep this stoppage for about 30 minutes. During
this period, repeat the same sequence of
inspection as described earlier. The findings &
observations shall be recorded on inspection
sheets.
Any unusual findings shall
immediately to the team leader.
be
reported
43
Unless there are no findings which prevent the

test from continuing, the segment/system shall
be further pressurized to the requirement.
The test pressure should not exceed 1.5 times
the maximum rated operating pressure. The test
pressure shall be maintained for a minimum
period of time.
(It is recommended to maintain the test hold
time to a maximum of 15 minutes after pressure
stabilization).
A thorough inspection shall be made as Final
Inspection.
Fill up the inspection sheets accordingly.

The test shall be considered as PASS if no signs
of leakage is observed.
The purpose of this hydrotest is to test the pipe

closure spools joints.
Following arrangements shall be made:
All branch connections shall be kept free to
move.
Separate the line from all connections
equipments.
Exposure of joints at closure pipe piece shall be
done manually in order to prevent the pipe from
any damage.
The procedure described for the segment testing
is applicable to the final hydrotest.
For final hydrotest, it is recommended to
maintain the test hold pressure for minimum
period of time (one is enough to inspect the joint
/ fittings) and the pressure shall be equal to the
maximum rated operating pressure.
The inspection sheets shall be signed by the

authorities.
POST HYDROTEST:
After completion the test, drain or flush out the
filled water from the pipe segment/system
through drain valves & vents shall be opened.
This pressure release shall be made slowly @ 2
bar/5 minutes.
1. Remove the end cap from the segment as per
procedure.
2. Prepare the pipe end to be ready for next
installation.
3. Exposed joints may be backfilled using the
specified backfill material.
4. Connect the adjacent segment ends with
closure pipe piece.
5. Continue the installation for the other
segments & conduct the hydrotest in the similar
manner as described earlier, keep connecting
the segments through closure spools.
6. Complete system hydrotest/Final hydrotest.
44
Manhole
USE AND APPLICATION
DN
SPS - GRP Manholes are made of a chemical
resistant thermosetting isophthalic polyester resin
and fiberglass reinforcement with silica sand or
calcium carbonate additives. The standard
diameter (DN) of manholes are usually 1000 mm
or 1200 mm cylinder with a concentric reducer on
top of it to form a 600 mm man way. The
concentric reducer (cone) is manufactured
separately by hand lay - up process will then be
factory jointed with the manhole body to form one
piece manhole. GRP manholes conform to the
ASTM for GRP manhole Specification D 3753.
Ultimate Compressive strength in the
axial direction, when measured
according to ASTM D695 is 985 Kg/ cm.
Cylinder Stiffness ( ASTM D2412)
MANHOLE HEIGHT,
H(mm)
MINIMUM STIFFNESS,
KN/m
1000 1800
2000 - 3600
3800 - 7600
4.96
8.69
20.82
The product is applicable to use in corrosive

environment such as sanitary sewers, storm
and sewers including cooling water lines with
a temperature from - 40 to 70 deg. C.
The ring and cover must rest on a course of
bricks or a concrete ring, not the fiberglass
support ledge. All surcharge load must be
applied to the ring and cover.
GRP manholes must be installed in
accordance with SPS installation instruction.
Holes or arches must be cut in the cylindrical
portion of the manhole using a circular
cutting diamant disc or similar equipment
with a masonry type blade. Axes, hammers,
chisels or similar tools are not advisable to
use to make cuts on the manhole.
Maximum single cutout hole diameter is 750
mm for the 1200 mm manhole and 600 mm
for the 1000 mm manhole. Sum of all
cutouts must not exceed 1900mm for the
1200 mm manhole and 1500 mm for the
1000 mm manhole.
DIMENSION
TOLERANCE
DN
1200 1000
H
Wall
Thickness
1000 ~ 7600
50
10
10
min
PRODUCT REQUIREMENT AND TOLERANCES

Visual Standard
SPS-GRP Manhole is to be commercially
free from the following defects.
DEFECTS
DEFINITION
Glass fibers loosely
Fuzz
adhering to the pipe which
are not wet out with resin
Glass fibers sticking out
Protruding Fibers from pipe surface that are
not wet out with resin
Runs of resin and sand on
Resin Runs
surface of pipe
45
Main Office
: Jeddah Industrial Zone Phase IV

P.O. Box 34572 Jeddah 21478
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Tel. +966 2 608 1100 / +966 2 637 0999
Fax +966 2 636 5925 / +966 2 637 9439
www.saudivalve.com / spsvalve@sps.net.sa
Sales Office
: Takhasussi Street
P.O. Box 52408 Riyadh 11563
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Tel. +966 1 482 6006 Fax +966 1 482 8742

Saudi Pipe System - GRP Pipe Spec

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Company Profile

Moreover, SPS has also established a most

In the pursuance to establish the main

SPS has full technical support from leading

Beside D.I. Valves and Fittings, SPS manufactures

Saudi Pipe Systems Division

GRP ( FIBER GLASS POLYESTER ) PIPES AND FITTINGS

HDPE (HIGH DENSITY POLYETHELENE) PIPES FACTORY

GRP Pipe Component

Pipes in glass-reinforced thermosetting resin (GRP)

and/or mortar pipes used in any application.

Filament-Wound Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe.

Reinforced Plastic Mortar Sewer Pipe

Standard for Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin Pressure Pipe.

Fiberglass Pressure Pipe

Fiberglass Pipe Design Manual

GRP Pipe Characteristic

RTRP (REINFORCED THERMOSETTING RESIN PIPE)

PRODUCT USAGE OF VINYL ESTER RESIN

Long Term Material Properties Testing

HYDROSTATIC LEAK TEST

PARALLEL PLATE LOADING TEST

MINIMUM PIPE STIFFNESS REQUIREMENTS

HYDROSTATIC DESIGN BASIS HDB

STIFFNESS CLASS (SN)

INITIAL RING DEFLECTION

GRP Pipe Component

Pipes in glass-reinforced thermosetting resin (GRP)

and/or mortar pipes used in any application.

Filament-Wound Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe.

Reinforced Plastic Mortar Sewer Pipe

Standard for Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin Pressure Pipe.

Fiberglass Pressure Pipe

Fiberglass Pipe Design Manual

GRP Pipe Characteristic

QUALITY CONTROL ON PRODUCTS

SPS STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR FIBER GLASS PIPE

Hoop (Circumferential Tensile Strength

Hydrostatic Leak Test (Hydraulic)

Glass Reinforcement Content (Loss of Ignition)

Quality Assurance and Testing

PROPERTIES OF SPS GRP PIPES

SERVICE LIFE OF 50 YEARS.

Material Used In Production Process

HOOP DIRECT ROOVING

GRP Manufacturing Method

MAIN CHARACTERISTIC OF FILAMENT WINDING PROCESS

GRP Pipe Helical Filament Winding

MECHANICAL RESISTANT LAYER

GRP Pipe Continuous Filament Winding Machine

GRP Pipe Wall Structure

ANTI-DIFFUSION BARRIER CHOP

ANTI DIFFUSION BARRIER

INNER HIGH STRENGTH SKIN

OUTER HIGH STRENGTH SKIN

Outside Diameter Series

SPS pipes manufactured in Continuous

Nominal Diameter (DN) and outside

DIMENSION OF PIPE FOR CONTINUOUS FILAMENT WINDING

OUTSIDE DIAMETER SERIES

NOMINAL DIAMETER OUTSIDE DIAMETER

SPS Pipe Technical Data

LOAD CAPACITY VALUES