Beam

REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM
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ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET

Copyright 2006 American Society of Civil Engineers
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CONCRETE BEAM DESIGN

fy
60 ksi
f'c
3 ksi
d'
2.5 in
yield strength of reinforcing

compressive strength of concrete
depth of compression reinforcing
bw
d
depth_OA
width
depth of tension reinforcing
overall depth
I gross 21,500 in^4 / I cracked 1,365 in^4 / I effective 21,500 in^4

30
25
A's
As
M working
Mu req'd
13 in
20.5 in
27 in
Bar Qty Bar Size#
0.00
6
1.00
6
21.9 k-ft
30.7 k-ft ult
As
0.00 in2
0.44 in2
required service level moment
required ultimate/factored moment
MU prov
39.80 k-ft ultimate provided
OK Beam stressed to 77 %
NOTE: 77% 75%
see min below
!!! As min 0.89 > As provided 0.44
OK x balance 7.62 0.937 required
Length
t
c
flange
Ig
I cracked
Ie
t
39
4.5
78
0
21500
1365
21500
0.00507
ft
in
in
logic
in4
in4
in4
unitless
length of joist
thickness of slab
spacing of joists
0 = no flanges, 1 = spandrel, 2 = T beam
20
15
10
0
0
As logic
0.89 in2
0 logic
15
20
25
in American nomenclature, bar size is given

as a number which equates to 8 th's of an
inch hence, a #6 bar is 6/8 inch = 3/4"
fy
f'c
ultimate tensile strength of reinforcing, k/in 2

ultimate compression strength of concrete,
k/in2
American Concrete Institute

http://www.aci-int.org/general/home.asp
allowable tension reinforcing strain
0.00400 minimum strain allowed
width
d'
-AS
200 * w * d /fy /1000 02 ACI 10.5.1

200 * 13.0 * 20.5 /60 /1000
MAX(0.89, 0.73) 0.44
AS
When the area of tension reinforcing steel is less than +As

minimum, the amount of reinforcing provided must be increased by
1/3 beyond that needed for tensile reinforcement. 02 ACI 10.5.3
When the beam is stressed to 75% and
+As = 1.33 x As provided, the minimum requirements of
reinforcement have been met.
Figure 33-2 Beam cross-section.
-As, A's
+As
For Seismic Resistance

As min
0.89 in2
10
Bar Size #
min -- Minimum Reinforcement in Flexural Members

As min 1
3 f'C /fy bw d 02 ACI 10.5.1 (10-3)
0.73 in2
3 * 3 *1000 * 13.0 * 20.5 /60 /1000
As min 2
Figure 33-1 Beam cross-section with Whitney's

stress block and reinforcing.
200 * bw * d / fy ACI 21.3.2

200 * 13 * 20.5 /60 /1000
negative reinforcing - usually the top steel,

in2
positive reinforcing - usually the bottom steel,
in2
30
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CONCRETE BEAM DESIGN -- Continued

bE
width of rectangular beam or,
bE = 13"
spandrel and T-beam effective
d' = 3"
flange, inches
t = 4.5"
depth_OA = 27"
d = 21"
13"
clear = 65"
center to center = 78"

Figure 33-3 T-beam framing cross section.
Spandrel beam ACI 8.10.3

bE
39 in
bE
40 in
bE
45.5 in
bE
39 in
T-beam 02 ACI 8.10.2
bE
117 in
bE
85 in
bE
78 in
bE
78 in
bE
78 in
Type of beam and overhang

bE
slab trib
logic
beam
13
1
spandrel
39
0
T-beam
78
0
NOTE: T-beam calculations are

required before the doubly
reinforced calculations can be
done.
39' * 12 in/ft /12

4.5" * 6 + 13" beam width
(78" - 13" beam width) /2 + 13"
spandrel
39' * 12 in/ft /4
4.5" * 16 + 13" beam width
78'' c-c beam spacing
maximum width of flange
bE
13
0
0
13
overhang
OH
0
0
0
0
vLookUp Table
Bar
10M
15M
20M
25M
30M
35M
45M
55M
0
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
14
18
30
25
20
15
10
0
0
10
15
20
Figure5 33-4 Beam
cross-section.
25
30
top
Bar
6
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bottom
Bar
6
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STRESS-STRAIN RELATIONSHIPS
1
B 1, 1
0.85 unitless
reduce the .85 factor by .05 for
reduction factor for higher strengths of
each 1000 psi over 4000 psi
concrete, unitless. ACI 10.2.7
IF( 3 ksi > 4, 0.85 - (3 ksi - 4) * 0.05, 0.85)
a space is included between the B and the 1
so that the spreadsheet does not read this
1
0.85
but not less than 0.65
range name as a cell address.
IF( 0.85 < 0.65, 0.65, B210)
ES
steel modulus of elasticity, 29000 ksi
's limit
fy /Es
0.00207 unitless
fy
60 / 29000 compression strain
y = 0.00207
for reinforcing full engagement
at fy =
steel
60 ksi
t
0.00507 unitless
allowable tension reinforcing strain
0.00400 minimum strain allowed
stress,
t
0.00207 unitless
60 fy / 29,000 Es calculated
concrete
for reference only
f'C
crushing, code
Note: that t is the lower limit for tension reinforcing strain
defined crushing
where the minimum = 0.0040. This is conservative
strain
and may be increased to 0.005 where greater ductility is required
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.004
strain, s
as for tension controlled members. See 02 ACI 10.3.3, 10.3.4 and,
10.3.5. commentary for a comprehensive explanation of this new
Figure 33-5 Stress and strain relationships for
approach in the code. Older codes used 0.75 b.
concrete and steel.
To follow some textbook examples, you will have to set t to
0.00207 or greater.
xbalance
amax
7.62 in
6.48 in
xbalance
0.003 /(0.003 + 0.00507) * 20.50"

0.85 * 7.62 in
0.003 'c
's
d
's
's min
0.00807 unitless
0.00207 unitless
20.50" /7.62" * 0.003

MIN(0.00807, 0.00207)
0.00507 t
stress - strain
Stated another, traditional way;

the basic relationship to determine x_balance * d is:
'c
t/Es
x bal * d
87 unitless
147.03 ksi
'c
'c + t/Es
concrete
strain profile
Figure 33-6 The balanced strain condition.
0.003 * 29,000 ksi

29000 /0.00507
0.003
0.003 + fy /29,000
The Limit for Tension Reinforcing

0.003
0.003
87
87 + 147
0.003
0.372 * d inches = 7.62 in
cu
y
'S
s
concrete crushing strain, 0.003, unitless

strain at first yeild, unitless
strain in compression reinforcing, unitless
strain in tension reinforcing, unitless
allowable tension reinforcing strain, unitless
As allowable tension reinforcing strain t increases, the

corresponding Whitney's stress block decreases.
The stress block is a function of 1* x balance = a.
0.004
minimum
0.005
for tension
controlled members
0.0075
for elastic, tension controlled
members in hinged regions
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Figure 33-7 Tensile strain versus depth of compression block.
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DEPTH of COMPRESSION BLOCK

For tension and compression forces -- solve for x.
Setup relationships to be solved with the quadratic equation:
Flange 0.85 f'c (bE -bw) 1 x
Flange 0.85 f'c (bE -bw) 1 t
Page 33 - 7

[-b (b2 -4 a c)1/2 ] / [2 a] = 0
A's ((x - d')/x cu Es - 0.85 f'c)
d'
a/2
x
d - d'
Stem 0.85 f'c bw 1 x

d
d - a/2
As fy
Figure 33-8 The balance of compression forces
against the tension force As fy.
Figure 33-9 Calculating Whitney's stress

block.
Calcualte x balance strain

Tension Stem
As f y =
0.85 f'c bw 1 x
Flange
0.85 f'c (bE -bw) 1 (x or t)
Compression Reinforcing
+A's ((x - d')/x cu Es - 0.85 f'c)
As f y =
0.85 f'c bw 1 x
0.85 f'c (bE -bw) 1 (x or t)
+A's (x - d')/x cu Es
-A's 0.85 f'c
As f y
- 0.85 f'c bw 1 x
- 0.85 f'c (bE -bw) 1 (x or t)
-A's 0.85 f'c
= A's (x - d')/x cu Es
As f y
- 0.85 f'c bw 1 x
- 0.85 f'c (bE -bw) 1 (x or t)
-A's 0.85 f'c
= A's cu Es
As f y
- 0.85 f'c bw 1 x
- 0.85 f'c (bE -bw) 1 (x or t)
-A's 0.85 f'c
- A's cu Es
As fy x
- 0.85 f'c bw 1 x
- 0.85 f'c (bE -bw) 1 (x or t) x
-A's 0.85 f'c x
- A's cu Es x
Where the compression block a is less than flange depth t

a
b
- 0.85 f'c bw 1 x
-0.85 f'c (bE -bw) 1 x
As fy x
a x
-28.178
x
-A's 0.85 f'c x
- A's cu Es x
bx
0
-28.178 k/in
0.94 in
1 logic
0.796 in
0 logic
- A's d'/x cu Es
= - A's d'/x cu Es
= - A's d' cu Es
c
+ A's d' cu Es
c
0.0
0.0
26.4
[-b (b2 - 4
a
c)1/2 ] / [2
a
]=0
[-26.4 + (26.4 - 4 * -28.178 * -0)^0.5] /[2 * -28.178]
OK x balance 7.62 0.94
0.94 * 0.85
0.796 < 4.5 flange
26.4 k
0 k-in
30
25
20
15
10
5
Where the compression block a is greater than flange depth t
Figure 33-10 Beam cross-section.
0
a
b
c
5
10
-A's 0.85 f'c x - A's cu Es x -0.85 fc (bE -bw) t x 0
- 0.85 f'c bw 1 x
+ A's 15
d' cu20Es 25
As fy x
a x
bx
-28.178
0.94 in
1 logic
0.796
c
0.0
0.0
26.4
[-b (b2 - 4
a
c)1/2 ] / [2
a
]=0
[-26.4 + (26.4 - 4 * -28.178 * -0)^0.5] /[2 * -28.178]
OK x balance 7.62 0.94
0.000
26.4
30
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DEPTH of COMPRESSION BLOCK -- Continued

x
0.94 in
IF(0, 0.94, 0.94)
a
0.796 in
0.94 * 0.85
Direct calculation of compression reinforcing stress
's
0.00000 unitless
MAX((0.94 - 2.5) /0.94 * 0.003, 0)
y
0.00207 unitless
60 /29000
f'y
0 ksi
MIN(0.00000 /0.00207 * 60, 60)
Mn Cs
Mn stem
Mn flange
0 k-in
531 k-in
0 k-in
(20.5 - 2.5) * 0.0

26.4 * (20.5 - 0.796 /2)
0.0 * (20.5 - MIN(4.5, 0.796) /2)
Mn
Mn
Mu
531 k-in
44 k-ft
40 k-ft ult
0 + 531 + 0
531 / 12 in/ft
0.9 * 531

x
distance of the neutral axis from extreme
compression fiber, in
a
Whitney's compression block
's
y
compression strain
compression strain limit
cu
0.003
's 0.00000
Calculate compression forces and moments

Cs
0.0 k
(0 - 0.85 * 3) * 0.00
Cc stem
26.4 k
0.85 * 3 * 13 * 0.796
Cc flange
0.0 k
0.85 * 3 * MIN(0.796, 4.5) * (13 - 13)
77 %
1 logic
1
Page 33 - 9
x 0.94
Figure 33-11 Compression reinforcing strain.

Cs
Cc
force in compression reinforcing, k

force in compressed concrete, k
Mn
Mu
ultimate moment, k-ft

Mn a reduced by 0.9, k-ft ultimate
Mu required / Mu
40 provided > 31 required
OK x balance 7.62 0.937 required
d - d'
d - t/2
Check compression reinforcing against tension reinforcing

arm
20.10 in
531 /(0 + 26 + 0)
Mn comp
531 k-in
Compression block and reinforcing
T
Mn tens
26.4 k
531 k-in
0.44 * 60
20.10 * 26.40 Tension reinforcing
d - a/2
Figure 33-12 Distances to compression forces.
T
force in tension reinforcing, k
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Figure 33-13 Beam cross-section used in

0
5
10
15
20
appropriate pages to help in understanding
and verifying math.
25
30
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MOMENT of INERTIA
Ec
3122 ksi
n
9.29 unitless
321670114.xls
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57000 * ( 3 * 1000) /1000

29000 /3,122
For the Gross (Overall) Section

d' * n * -As
A*arm
0 in3
2.5 * 9.29 * 0.00
84
Area
deduct
2.5 * 0.00
20.5 * 0.44
OH * t2 /2
13.0 * 4.5 /2
4813 in3
Area
0 in2
-As * n
9.29 * 0.00
+As * n
9.29 * 0.4
OH * t
13.0 * 4.5
sum
CG
width * d_OA-s_area_-s_area_
13.0 * 27.0 - 0.00 - 0.44
355 in2
13.57 in
4,813 / 354.65 from the top fiber
For Gross Section About the CG

Ad2 conc
(d_OA * width) * (d_OA /2 - Cg)2
2 in4
(27.0 * 13.0) * (27.0 /2 - 13.57)
Ad2 steel
(OH * t) * (t/2 - Cg)2

(0.0 * 4.5) * (78.0 /2 - 13.57)
0 in4
n * -AS * (Cg - d' )2

9.29 * 6.00 * (13.6 - 2.5)
196
Area
deduct
0
21
w x x/2 = n A's (x - d') + n As (d' - x)

This is solved with the quadratic equation.
Figure 33-14 Beam / T-beam cross section

for Ad2 / A = center of gravity from the
top extreme fiber.
n
ratio of modulus of elasticity ES /EC, unitless
Ec
d_OA
modulus of elasticity of concrete, ksi

beam overal depth, inches
width * d_OA /2
13.0 * 27.0 /2
sum
351
d * n * +As
20.5 * 9.29 * 0.44
4739

To find the neutral axis NAx for + and - reinforcing and
the stress block:
n * As * (d - Cg)2
9.29 * 0.00 * (20.5 - 13.6)
-As * (Cg - d' )2
As * (d - Cg)2
I concrete
21323 in4
width * d_OA3 /12 + OH * tf 3/12

13 * 27 /12 + 0 * 4.5 /12
Ig
21500 in4
2 + 0 + 0 + 196 - 0 - 21 + 21,323
NOTE: use Ad2 only. Do not rotate component

areas around their own axes as in bd3/12.
Most moment of inertia calculations use
Ad2 + bd3/12.
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EFFECTIVE MOMENT of INERTIA

For the Cracked Section
Where the equilibrium equation is:
Cc +
Cs
=
T

(bE - bw) t
x
x - t/2
(n - 1) A's
x - d'
Where n - 1 deducts the area of

compression concrete
bw x
For a rectangular beam:

bw x x/2 + (n - 1) A's (x - d') = n As (d - x)
d-x
n As
Figure 33-15 The component areas of the cracked section.
For a rectangular, spandrel, or T beam

flg logic
0 logic
1 if beam has a flange
stem
bw x2/2 +
flange
(bE -bw) t (x - t/2) * flg logic +
compression reinforcing
(n - 1) A's (x - d') =
n As (d - x)
bw x2/2 +
(bE -bw) t x * flg logic +
(bE -bw) t (- t/2) * flg logic +
(n - 1) A's (x - d')
a x2
6.5 in
bw x2/2 +
6.5
bx
4.1
(bE -bw) t x * flg logic +

0
(n - 1) A's x
0.0
-n As (-x)
4.1
(bE -bw) t (- t/2) * flg logic +

0
(n - 1) A's (- d')
0.0
- n As d
NAx
-83.8
3.290 in
[ -b
b - 4 a c ] /2a
[ -4 + 4 - 4 * 6.5 * -84 ] /(2 * 6.5)
-84
tension reinforcing
-n As (d - x) = 0
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EFFECTIVE MOMENT of INERTIA -- Continued

Two Methods of Checking NAx
Take the moments of each component area about the extreme fiber in
compression. Divide the sum of the moments by the area of the components.
Compare this calculated NAx to the NAx calculated above.
20.500 d
A's
stem
flange
As
sum
M/area
area
0.00
42.77
0.00
4.09
46.85
arm area*arm
2.500
0.000
1.645
70.341
2.250
0.000
20.500
83.786
154.126
3.290
1.645 stem
2.250 flange
2.5 d'
3.290 NAx
Take the sum of the area moments about the calculated NA x to see
if they are balanced.
0.790 d'
1.040 flange
A's
stem
flange
As
area
0.00
42.77
0.00
-4.09
arm area*arm
0.790
0.000
1.645
70.341
1.040
0.000
17.210
-70.341
0.000
1.645 stem
17.2 d
3.290 NAx
Figure 33-16 Moment of inertia is
calculated as a balance of forces.
For the Cracked Section About NAx
w * NA_x3 /3 + (bE - w) * MINA(NA_x, t)3 /12
I conc.
154 In4
13 *3.29 /3 + ( 13 - 13) * MIN(3.29, 4.5) /12
Ad2
I cracked
1211 In4
1365 In4
n * As * (NA_x)2
+ n * A's *(NA_x - d_)2
9.29 *0.44 *(20.5 - 3.29) + 9.29 *0.00 *(3.29 - 2.50)
cracked section for reinforcing
For the Effective Moment of Inertia

7.5 f'c2
fr
411 lb/in^2
Mcr
55 k-ft
fr * Ig /yt for rectangular section only
+M wk'g
22 k-ft
Ie comp
Ig
Ie
335752 In4
-19949 In4
315803 In4
21500 In4
21500 In4
(Mcr /Ma)3 * Ig
[1 - (Mcr /Ma)3] * Icr
(Mcr /Ma)3 * Ig +[1 - (Mcr /Ma)3] * Icr
GOVERNS
I cracked
Icr , cracked moment of inertia
Where M wk'g is the unfactored M at the

section for which the deflection is computed
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CREEP vs. TIME in MONTHS

'
0.00000 unitless
L_60
L_12
L_6
L_3
2.0
1.4
1.2
1.0
2.000
1.400
1.200
1.000
321670114.xls
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density of compression reinforcing
multiply computed deflection by
Temperature Reinforcing Minimum

depth
16 in
depth not to exceed 16" for temperature
reinforcing calculation
AS req'd
0.346 in2 @ 12"
0.432 in2 @ 15"
0.518 in2 @ 18"
temp
temp/2
0.65 in2 /ft

0.32 in2 /ft
entire slab 0.0020

entire slab limit to 16" depth

'
density of compression reinforcing
at midspan, unitless
time dependent factor for sustained

load, 02 ACI 9.5.2.5
multiplier for additional longterm

deflection
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VERIFYING GRAPHS
This is the VBA code for the macro that Paste Value(s) the input/output values into
the graphing range. Having the "New Macro" recorder input your keystrokes may
not record your intentions.
Sub Macro2()
'
' Macro2 Macro
' Macro recorded 9/11/2002 by Craig T. Christy
'
' Keyboard Shortcut: Ctrl+Shift+Z
'
Range("r13:r18").Select
If you don't want to use this range, input your own selection.
Selection.Copy
Selection.End(xlToRight).Select
ActiveCell.Offset(0, 1).Range("A1").Select
ActiveSheet.Paste
Selection.PasteSpecial Paste:=xlValues, Operation:=xlNone, SkipBlanks:= _
False, Transpose:=False
Selection.End(xlToLeft).Select
End Sub
Press [Ctrl] [Shift] z
offset to the right

copy [end] [right]
labels
inputs
outputs
first copy
/ paste
by hand
data values
paste
return [end] [left]

Figure 33-17 GRAPHING VALUES FLOW DIAGRAM
Rectangular beam with variable +As tension reinforcing
fy
60 +As
3.54 aa
0.43
0.45
0.5
0.6 0.7
0.8
0.9
f'c
3
Mu prov
39.80
41.75
43.66
48.40
57.81 67 76.38 85.53
d'
2
M working
22
71
71
71
71
71
71
71
width
12
Mu req'd
31
100
100
100
100 100 100
100
d
36
Ig /100
215
142
142
142
143 144 145
146
400
depth_OA
38
I cr /100
14
21
21
22
25
28
31
34
A's
0
Ie /100
215
44
44
45
48
51
54
57
350
As
34
a * 50
39.8190045
42.15686 44.11765 49.01961 58.8235
69 78.43 88.24
Mu prov
300
M working
Mu req'd
250
Ig /100
I cr /100
200
Ie /100
150
a * 50
100
50
0
0.4
0.9
1.4
1.9
+As
2.4
2.9
3.4
3.9
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Figure 33-18 Rectangular beam +As compression reinforcing
versus Mu Provided, Mu required, Ig, Icr, Ie.
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VERIFYING GRAPHS -- Continued

Rectangular beam variable -As' compression reinforcing
fy
60 -As
6.00 aaa
f'c
3
MU prov
40
d'
2
a * 50
40
bw
12
MU req'd
31
d
22
Ig /100
215
depth_OA
24
I cr /100
14
350
A's
varies
Ie /100
215
As
3.5

0.00
292
343
250
165
104
106
0.10
294
333
250
166
104
105
0.20
296
323
250
167
103
105
0.30
297
313
250
168
103
105
0.40
299
304
250
169
103
104
0.50
301
295
250
169
102
104
0.60
303
286
250
170
102
104
300
250
MU prov
200
a * 50
MU req'd
150
Ig /100
I cr /100
Ie /100
100
50
0
0.00
-As
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
Figure 33-19 A's compression reinforcing versus Mu Provided, Mu required, Ig, Icr, Ie.
T-beam joist with variable spacing
fy
60 joist spacing
f'c
3
MU prov
d'
2
MU req'd
width
12
Ig /100
d
22
I cr /100
depth_OA
24
Ie /100
A's
0
a
As
3
Length
40
t
4
c_350.00
varies
flange
2
80 aa
39.80
250
215.00
13.65
215.00
7.964
12
257.29
250
161.13
91.38
114.21
58.824
13
260.14
250
165.79
91.48
117.03
55.490
14
262.72
250
170.33
91.77
120.05
52.157
15
265.06
250
174.76
92.20
123.24
48.824
20
25
30
273 278
281
250 250
250
195 214
230
96 101
106
141 159
178
35 28.24 23.53
300.00
MU prov
250
Ig /100
I cr /100
Ie /100
250.00
200.00
150.00
Jois t Spacing
100.00
12
22
32
42
52
62
72
82
Page 33 - 22
33
EXHAUST STACK

A
321670114.xls
F
Figure 33-20 Joist spacing versus Mu Provided, Mu required, Ig, Icr, Ie.
Page 33 - 23
33
EXHAUST STACK

A
VERIFYING GRAPHS -- Continued

T-beam variable +As tension reinforcing
fy
60 +As
f'c
3
Mu prov
d'
2
Mu req'd
width
12
Ig /100
d
22
I cr /100
depth_OA
24
Ie /100
A's
0
a * 100
As
varies
Length
30
t
4
c_
30
flange
1200
2
Mu prov
1000
Mu req'd
800
Ig /100
I cr /100
321670114.xls
8.86 aa
39.80
30.7
215.001201
13.6484941
215.001201
79.638009
0.4
42.24
100
201.8821
23.09306
83.62034
33.72549
0.5
0.6
0.7
49.06
58.76
68.44
100
100
100
202.7001 203.864 205.023
26.40514 30.86259 35.0689
87.06423 91.77422 96.2889
39.21569 47.05882 54.902
0.8
0.9
1
### 87.67 97.24
100 100
100
206 207
208
39 42.92 46.62
101 105
109
63 70.59 78.43
Ie /100
a * 100
600
400
200
0
0.4
1.4
2.4
3.4
4.4
5.4
6.4
7.4
8.4
Figure 33-21 T-beam with variable +As tension reinforcing versus M_provided, Mu required, Ig, Icr, Ie.
T-beam variable -As' compression reinforcing
fy
60 +As
10.969 aa
f'c
3
Mu prov
39.80
d'
2
Mu req'd
30.7
width
12
Ig /100
215.001201
d
22
I cr /100 13.6484941
depth_OA
24
Ie /100
215.001201
A's
2
a * 100
79.638009
f'y
As
varies
0
Length
30
t
4
c_
30
flange 1200
2
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.5
143.93
146.41
148.96 154.25
100
100
100
100
208.2046 209.461 210.7118 213.197
7.919034 12.73429 17.35286 26.0852
75.61118 80.81894 85.86392 95.5338
117.1421 119.2233 121.359 125.799
0
0
0
0
1
1.5
2
### ###
###
100 100
100
219 225
231
46 62.83 78.33
118 138
157
138 152
167
0
0
0
Mu prov
Mu req'd
Ig /100
I cr /100
Ie /100
a * 100
f'y
1000
800
600
400
200
0
-1
+As
1
11
Page 33 - 24
33
EXHAUST STACK

A
321670114.xls
F
Figure 33-22 T-beam with variable -As' compression reinforcing versus M_provided, Mu required, Ig, Icr, Ie.
Page 33 - 25
Christy
1:05
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N
/ I effective 21,500 in^4
row 20
20
25
30
ith Whitney's
row 30
e, bar size is given

es to 8 th's of an
of reinforcing, k/in 2
ength of concrete,
row 40
row 50
row 60
ally the top steel,
ally the bottom steel,
Page 33 - 26
Christy
1:05
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N
row 70
Page 33 - 27
Christy
1:05
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N

ngular beam or,
T-beam effective
row 80
m calculations are
culations can be
row 90
row 100
vLookUp Table
Area
0.12
0.27
0.49
0.76
1.1
1.49
2.47
3.68
0
0.11
0.2
0.31
0.44
0.6
0.79
1
1.27
1.56
2.25
4
Area
0.00
Page 33 - 28
Christy
1:05
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N
Area
0.44
row 130
Page 33 - 29
Christy
1:05
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N
een the B and the 1

oes not read this
crushing, code
defined crushing
1 xb
amax
profile
row 170
nforcing, unitless
ing strain, unitless
n t increases, the
Page 33 - 30
Christy
1:05
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N
row 190
Page 33 - 31
Christy
1:05
06/20/16
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N
row 200
Whitney's stress
row 210
row 220
=0
=0
15
20
25
30 = 0
=0
Page 33 - 32
Christy
1:05
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N
row 250
Page 33 - 33
Christy
1:05
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N

is from extreme
row 200
row 210
row 300
20
25
30
Page 33 - 34
Christy
1:05
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N
row 310
Page 33 - 35
Christy
1:05
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- reinforcing and
row 320
beam cross section
city E S /EC, unitless

row 330
row 340
row 350
row 360
Page 33 - 36
Christy
1:05
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N
row 370
Page 33 - 37
Christy
1:05
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(bE - bw) t
(n - 1) A's
acked section.
row 400
row 410
row 420
Page 33 - 38
Christy
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N
row 430
Page 33 - 39
Christy
1:05
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N
row 440
row 450
row 460
moment of inertia
row 470
ctored M at the
ection is computed
row 480
Page 33 - 40
Christy
1:05
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N
row 490
Page 33 - 41
Christy
1:05
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mpression reinforcing
nt factor for sustained
dditional longterm
row 500
row 510
row 520
row 530
row 540
Page 33 - 42
Christy
1:05
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N
row 550
Page 33 - 43
Christy
1:05
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N
row 560
row 570
row 580
1
94.59
71
100
146
36
60
98.0392
3.4
3.9
Page 33 - 44
Christy
1:05
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row 610
Page 33 - 45
Christy
1:05
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0.80
307
269
250
172
101
103
MU prov
a * 50
MU req'd
Ig /100
I cr /100
Ie /100
6.00
7.00
35
283.39
250
245.20
110.47
196.29
20.168
MU prov
250
Ig /100
I cr /100
Ie /100
72
82
Page 33 - 46
Christy
1:05
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row 670
Page 33 - 47
Christy
1:05
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1.2
116.26
100
210.738
53.6796
116.919
94.1176
7.4
8.4
2.11
207.37
100
232.443
81.5564
160.861
170.925
5
11
Page 33 - 48
Christy
1:05
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N
row 730

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REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM

ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET

CONCRETE BEAM DESIGN

yield strength of reinforcing

I gross 21,500 in^4 / I cracked 1,365 in^4 / I effective 21,500 in^4

in American nomenclature, bar size is given

ultimate tensile strength of reinforcing, k/in 2

American Concrete Institute

200 * w * d /fy /1000 02 ACI 10.5.1

MAX(0.89, 0.73) 0.44

When the area of tension reinforcing steel is less than +As

Figure 33-2 Beam cross-section.

For Seismic Resistance

min -- Minimum Reinforcement in Flexural Members

Figure 33-1 Beam cross-section with Whitney's

200 * bw * d / fy ACI 21.3.2

negative reinforcing - usually the top steel,

REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM

ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET

REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM

ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET

CONCRETE BEAM DESIGN -- Continued

I gross 21,500 in^4 / I cracked 1,365 in^4 / I effective 21,500 in^4

center to center = 78"

Spandrel beam ACI 8.10.3

Type of beam and overhang

NOTE: T-beam calculations are

39' * 12 in/ft /12

REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM

ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET

REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM

ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET

0.003 /(0.003 + 0.00507) * 20.50"

20.50" /7.62" * 0.003

Stated another, traditional way;

0.003 * 29,000 ksi

The Limit for Tension Reinforcing

0.372 * d inches = 7.62 in

concrete crushing strain, 0.003, unitless

allowable tension reinforcing strain, unitless

As allowable tension reinforcing strain t increases, the

REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM

ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET

Figure 33-7 Tensile strain versus depth of compression block.

REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM

ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET

DEPTH of COMPRESSION BLOCK

I gross 21,500 in^4 / I cracked 1,365 in^4 / I effective 21,500 in^4

A's ((x - d')/x cu Es - 0.85 f'c)

Stem 0.85 f'c bw 1 x

Figure 33-9 Calculating Whitney's stress

Calcualte x balance strain

0.85 f'c (bE -bw) 1 (x or t)

-A's 0.85 f'c

- 0.85 f'c (bE -bw) 1 (x or t)

-A's 0.85 f'c

- 0.85 f'c (bE -bw) 1 (x or t)

-A's 0.85 f'c

- 0.85 f'c (bE -bw) 1 (x or t)

-A's 0.85 f'c

- 0.85 f'c (bE -bw) 1 (x or t) x

-A's 0.85 f'c x

Where the compression block a is less than flange depth t

-A's 0.85 f'c x