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Problem A.

Use of enthalpy-Concentration Method to Distill an


Ethanol-Water Solution. A mixture of 25 % mol ethanol and 75 % mol water
which is saturated liquid at the boiling point is to be distilled at 101,3 kPa
pressure to give a distillate containing 75 % mol ethanol and a bottoms
containing 3 % mol ethanol. The feed rate 100 lbmol/h and a reflux ratio of 2 is
to be used. Use equilibrium and enthalpy data from Appendix A.3. Note that the
data are given in mass fraction and Btu/lbm. Use these consistent units in
plotting the enthalpy-concentration and Btu/lbm. Use these consistent units in
plotting the enthalpy-concentration data and equilibrium data. Do as follows.
a. Calculate the amount of distillate and bottoms.
b. Calculate the number of theoretical trays needed.
c. Calculate the condenser and reboiler loads.
d. Calculate the number of theoretical trays needed if reflux ratio operation is
1,5 reflux minimum.
e. Calculate the amount of distillate and bottoms, the number of theoretical
trays needed, the condenser and reboiler loads if it use open steam with
enthalpy steam 1300 Btu/lbm.
f. Calculate the number of theoretical trays needed if eficiency murphree 80%.
g. Calculate the amount of distillate and bottoms, the number of theoretical
trays needed, the condenser and reboiler loads if entraiment happend with
0,11kg vapor/kg liquid.
Fraksi Massa
xA
yA
0
0
0.02
0.192
0.05
0.377
0.1
0.527
0.2
0.656
0.3
0.713
0.4
0.746
0.5
0.771
0.6
0.794
0.7
0.822
0.8
0.858
0.9
0.912
0.94
0.942
0.96
0.959
0.98
0.978
1
1

Fraksi
Massa
0
0.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
1

Entalpi (BTU/lbm)
h
H
180.1
1150
159.8
1082
135
943
122.9
804
111.1
664
96.6
526
89
457.5

0,25 46
= 46 wt %
(0,25 46) (0,75 18)

xF = 25% mol

xD = 75% mol =

0,75 46
= 88,46153846 wt%
(0,75 46) (0,25 18)

Vapor

V1
y1
Liquid
Reflux
L0, x0

F, Hf
xF

D, Hd
xD

Kondensor Total
Reboiler Parsial

Tray
Vapor
Liquid

W, Hw, xW

0,03 46
= 7,324840764 wt%
(0,03 46) (0,97 18)
F = 100 lb mol/h 46 lb/lb mol = 4600 lb/h
Neraca massa:
F =D+W
D =FW
D = 4600 lbm/h W
Neraca komponen:
FxF
= DxD + WxW
(0,46)(4600)
= (4600 W)( 0,8846153846) + (W)(0,07324840764)
2116 4069,230769 = 0,8846153846W + 0,07324840764W
W = 2407,333333 lbm/h
D = 2192,666667 lbm/h
Dari interpolasi data entalpi, diperoleh H1 dan HD:
H1 = 536,615384626 Btu/lbm
hD = 97,7153846165 Btu/lbm
hW = 165,23057324908 Btu/lbm
(h H 1 )
R
=
( H 1 hD )
xW= 3% mol =

h 536,615384626
536,615384626 97,7153846165
h
= 1414,415384645 Btu/lbm
Jumlah stage adalah 6, dengan feed masuk pada tray nomor 5.
Dari grafik terbaca:
= -1380 Btu/lbm

QCD = h - hD
= 1414,415384645 Btu/lbm - 97,7153846165 Btu/lbm
= 1316,7000000285 Btu/lbm
QRW = hW - |h |
= 165,23057324908 Btu/lbm + |-1380 Btu/lbm|
= 1545,23057324908 Btu/lbm
qR = W QRW
= 2407,333333 lbm/h 1545,23057324908 Btu/lbm
= 3719885,067 lbm/h
qC = D QCD
= 2192,666667 lbm/h 1316,7000000285 Btu/lbm
= 2887084,2 Btu/h
2

1800.0

1600.0

1400.0

1200.0

1000.0

800.0

600.0

400.0

200.0

1.0000
0.0
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

0.9000

0.8000

0.7000

0.6000

0.5000

0.4000

0.3000

0.2000

0.1000

0.0000

Dari grafik terbaca:


min = 828 Btu/lb
(h min H 1 )
Rm =
( H 1 hD )

828 536,615384626
536,615384626 97,7153846165
= 0,663897506
Jumlah stage pada R total adalah 4.
R
= 1,5 Rm
= 0,995846259
(h H 1 )
R
=
( H 1 hD )
=

h 536,615384626
536,615384626 97,7153846165
h = 973,6923077 Btu/lbm
Jumlah stage adalah 9, dengan feed masuk pada tray nomor 8.
Dari grafik terbaca:
= -728 Btu/lbm

QCD = h - hD
= 1414,415384645 Btu/lbm - 973,6923077 Btu/lbm
= 875,9769230705 Btu/lbm
QRW = hW - |h |
= 165,23057324908 Btu/lbm + |-728 Btu/lbm|
= 947,23057324908 Btu/lbm
qR = W QRW
= 2407,333333 lbm/h 947,23057324908 Btu/lbm
= 2280299,733 lbm/h
qC = D QCD
= 2192,666667 lbm/h 875,9769230705 Btu/lbm
= 1920725,4 Btu/h
0,995846259

1800.0

1600.0

1400.0

1200.0

1000.0

800.0

600.0

400.0

200.0

1.0000
0.0
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

0.9000

0.8000

0.7000

0.6000

0.5000

0.4000

0.3000

0.2000

0.1000

0.0000

1800.0

1600.0

1400.0

1200.0

1000.0

800.0

600.0

400.0

200.0

1.0000
0.0
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

0.9000

0.8000

0.7000

0.6000

0.5000

0.4000

0.3000

0.2000

0.1000

0.0000

Open Steam dengan Hs = 1300 Btu/lb


hF = 125,32 Btu/lbmol
h = 1414,415384645 Btu/lbm
HS = 1300 Btu/lb
Fx F DxD
x =
FD
= 0,07324840764
Koordinat S = (0, 1300)
xW = 0,038
WxW
x =
W S
W 0,038
0,07324840764=
W 1300
0,038W= 0,07324840764W 95,22292993
W
= 2701,481749
Jumlah plate 6.

1800.0

1600.0

1400.0

1200.0

1000.0

800.0

600.0

400.0

200.0

1.0000
0.0
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

0.9000

0.8000

0.7000

0.6000

0.5000

0.4000

0.3000

0.2000

0.1000

0.0000

Em = 80% Jumlah plate 7


1800.0

1600.0

1400.0

1200.0

1000.0

800.0

600.0

400.0

200.0

1.0000
0.0
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

0.9000

0.8000

0.7000

0.6000

0.5000

0.4000

0.3000

0.2000

0.1000

0.0000

Aliran uap yang membawa liquid sebesar 0,11 kg/kg uap atau 0,11 lbm/lbm uap.
1800.0

1600.0

1400.0

1200.0

1000.0

800.0

600.0

400.0

200.0

1.0000
0.0
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

0.9000

0.8000

0.7000

0.6000

0.5000

0.4000

0.3000

0.2000

0.1000

0.0000

Problem A. Use of enthalpy-Concentration Method to Distill an


Ethanol-Water Solution. A mixture of 25 % mol ethanol and 75 % mol water
which is saturated liquid at the boiling point is to be distilled at 101,3 kPa
pressure to give a distillate containing 75 % mol ethanol and a bottoms
containing 3 % mol ethanol. The feed rate 100 lbmol/h and a reflux ratio of 2 is
to be used. Use equilibrium and enthalpy data from Appendix A.3. Note that the
data are given in mol fraction and Btu/lbm-mol. Use these consistent units in
plotting the enthalpy-concentration and Btu/lbm-mol. Use these consistent units
in plotting the enthalpy-concentration data and equilibrium data. Do as follows.
h. Calculate the amount of distillate and bottoms.
i. Calculate the number of theoretical trays needed.
j. Calculate the condenser and reboiler loads.
k. Calculate the number of theoretical trays needed if reflux ratio operation is
1,5 reflux minimum.
l. Calculate the amount of distillate and bottoms, the number of theoretical
trays needed, the condenser and reboiler loads if it use open steam with
enthalpy steam 1300 Btu/lbm.
m.Calculate the number of theoretical trays needed if eficiency murphree 80%.
n. Calculate the amount of distillate and bottoms, the number of theoretical
trays needed, the condenser and reboiler loads if entraiment happend with
0,11kg vapor/kg liquid.
Fraksi Mol
xA

yA

Fraksi
Mol

Entalpi (BTU/lbm-mol)
h

3241.8

20700
20738.3333

0.007917

0.085021

0.04167

3062.833

0.020166

0.191353

0.14362

2972.872

20766.0638

0.04164

0.303468

0.28125

3180.038

20803.5

0.089054

0.427166

0.47727

3484.5

20825.4545

0.143535

0.492765

0.77885

3845.423

20938.8462

0.206786

0.534558

4094

21045

0.281114

0.568326

0.369707

0.601152

0.477105

0.643598

0.61001

0.702626

0.778731

0.802083

0.859675

0.863965

0.903707

0.901444

0.950399

0.945604

Vapor

V1
y1
Liquid
Reflux
L0, x0

F, Hf
xF

D, Hd
xD

Kondensor Total
Reboiler Parsial

Tray
Vapor
Liquid

W, Hw, xW

Neraca massa:
F =D+W
D =FW
D = 100 lbmol/h W
Neraca komponen:
FxF
= DxD + WxW
(0,25)(100) = (100 W)(0,75) + (W)(0,03)
25 75
= 0,75 + 0,03W
W = 69,44444444 lbm/h
D = 30,55555556 lbm/h
Dari interpolasi data entalpi, diperoleh H1 dan HD:
H1 = 20928 Btu/lbmol
hD = 3810,9 Btu/lbmol
hW
= 3112,944 Btu/lbmol
(h H 1 )
R
=
( H 1 hD )

h 20928
20928 3810,9
h = 55162,2 Btu/lbmol
Jumlah stage adalah 5.
Dari grafik terbaca:
= -20250 Btu/lbmol

QCD = h - hD
= 55162,2 Btu/lbmol - 3810,9 Btu/lbmol
= 51351,3 Btu/lbmol
QRW = hW - |h |
= 3112,944 Btu/lbmol + |-20250 Btu/lbmol|
= 23362,944 Btu/lbmol
qR = W QRW
= 69,44444444 lbmol/h 23362,944 Btu/lbmol
= 1622426,667 Btu/h
qC = D QCD
= 30,55555556 lbmol/h 51351,3 Btu/lbmol
= 1569067,5 Btu/h
2

Dari grafik terbaca:


min = 32000 Btu/lbmol
(h min H 1 )
Rm =
( H 1 hD )

h 20928
20928 3810,9
= 0,646838542
Jumlah stage pada R total adalah 4.
R
= 1,5 Rm
= 0,970257812
(h H 1 )
R
=
( H 1 hD )
=

h 20928
20928 3810,9
h = 37536 Btu/lbmol
Jumlah stage adalah 10.
Dari grafik terbaca:
= -12000 Btu/lbmol

QCD = h - hD
= 37536 Btu/lbmol - 3810,9 Btu/lbmol
= 33725,1 Btu/lbmol
QRW = hW - |h |
= 3112,944 Btu/lbmol + |-12000 Btu/lbmol|
= 15112,944 Btu/lbmol
qR = W QRW
= 69,44444444 lbmol/h 23362,944 Btu/lbmol
= 1049510 Btu/h
qC = D QCD
= 30,55555556 lbmol/h 33725,1 Btu/lbmol
= 1030489,167 Btu/h
0,970257812 =

Open Steam dengan Hs = 1300 Btu/lb


hF = 3133 Btu/lbmol
h = 55162,2 Btu/lbmol
hW = 3177,372 Btu/lbmol
HS = 1300 Btu/lb 18 lb/lbmol
= 23400 Btu/lbmol
Fx F DxD
x =
FD
= 0,03
Koordinat S = (0, 1300)
xW = 0,015
FxF + SyS
= WxW + DxD
(100)(0,25) = W(0,015) + (30,55555556)(0,75)
W
= 138,8888887
FhF + SHS = WhW + DhD + Qc
(100)( 3133) + S(23400) = (138,8888887)(3177,372) + (30,55555556)(3810,9) +
1569067,5
S
= 77,5005698 lbmol/h
Fx F FhF SH S
;
Koordinat =

F S
F S
= (0,1489160313; 11327,6751746794)
Jumlah plate 6.

Em = 80%, Jumlah plate 7

Aliran uap yang membawa liquid sebesar 0,11 kg/kg uap atau 0,11 lbm/lbm uap.
Jumlah stage 6.

Problem B. Double feed ethanol-water dengan feed F saturated liquid dengan


20% massa dan rate 1500 lbm/h. Feed G dengan 35% massa, rate 1000 lbm/h,
dan entalpi sebesar 50 Btu/lbm. Kadar destilat 90% massa, kadar residu 5%
massa, dan reflux ratio 1,5. Hitunglah jumlah plate ideal, destilat, residu, dan
tentukan pada plate keberapa F da G masuk?
Neraca massa:
F+G
=D+W
1500 + 1000 = D + W
2500 W
=D
Neraca komponen:
FxF + GxG
= DxD + WxW
(1500)(0,2) + (1000)(0,35) = (2500 W)(0,9) + (W)(0,05)
650 2250
= 0,9W + 0,05W
W = 1882,352941 lbm/h
D = 617,6470588 lbm/h
Dari interpolasi data entalpi, diperoleh H1 dan HD:
H1 = 526 Btu/lbm
hD = 96,6 Btu/lbm
hW = 169,95 Btu/lbm
hG = 131,975 Btu/lbm
(h H 1 )
R
=
( H 1 hD )

h 526
526 96,6
h = 1170,1 Btu/lbm
Dari grafik terbaca:
= -240 Btu/lbm

Fx F GxG
xZ =
F G
(1500 0,2) (1000 0,35)
=
1500 1000
= 0,26
1,5

h = 2160 Btu/lbm
Jumlah tray 11, F masuk pada tray 10, dan G masuk pada tray 11.

22

Alivia Alfiarty 1014013


Fractional Distillation Using Mc.Cabe and Enthalpy Concentration Method

23

Alivia Alfiarty 1014013


Fractional Distillation Using Mc.Cabe and Enthalpy Concentration Method

Problem C. 1000 lb/h ethanol-air dengan kadar 25% massa etanol


menghasilkan produk dengan kadar 80%, 60%, 5% massa. Produk dengan kadar
80% jumlahnya sama dengan kadar 60% (D = S). R adalah 3, feed masuk pada
suhu titik didihnya. Berapa jumlah platenya?
F = 1000 lb/h
xF = 0,25
xD = 0,8
xS = 0,6
xW= 0,05
Neraca massa:
F =D+S+W
1000 lb/h = D + S + W
1000 lb/h = D + D + W
1000 lb/h = 2D + W
W
= 1000 lb/h - 2D
Neraca komponen:
FxF = DxD + SxS + WxW
FxF = DxD + DxS + WxW
FxF = D (xD + xS) + WxW
(1000 lb/h 0,25) = D (0,8 + 0,6) + (1000 lb/h - 2D)(0,05)
250 = 1,4 D + 50 0,1 D
200 = 1,3 D
D
= 153,8461538461538 lb/h
S
= 153,8461538461538 lb/h
W = 692,3076923 lb/h
Dari interpolasi data entalpi, diperoleh H1 dan HD:
H1 = 595 Btu/lbm
hD = 103,85 Btu/lbm
hW
= 169,95 Btu/lbm
R
=3
h 595
3
=
595 103,85
h
= 2068,45 Btu/lbm
Fx F Sx S
xZ =
F S
1000 0,25 153,8461538461538 0,6
=
1000 - 153,8461538461538
= 0,1863636364
Jumlah stage adalah 3.

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Alivia Alfiarty 1014013


Fractional Distillation Using Mc.Cabe and Enthalpy Concentration Method

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Alivia Alfiarty 1014013


Fractional Distillation Using Mc.Cabe and Enthalpy Concentration Method

Problem D. Campuran 40 mol % heptane dan 60 mol % benzene sebanyak 300


mol/h pada titik didihnya dipisahkan pada 1 atm menghasilkan distilat yang
mengandung 95 mol % heptane dan residu 5 mol % heptane. Diketahui R sebesar
1,5 Rm. Hitunglah:
a. Rate distilat dan residu
b. Tray teoritis
c. Tray teoritis pada reflux total
d. Plate actual jika eficiency overall 70%
Vapor

V1
y1
Liquid
Reflux
L0, x0

F, Hf
xF

D, Hd
xD

Kondensor Total
Reboiler Parsial

Tray
Vapor
Liquid

W, Hw, xW

Neraca massa heptane:


F=D+W
300 mol/h = D + W
W = 300 D
Neraca komponen:
FxF = DxD + WxW
300(0,4) = D(0,95) + W(0,05)
300(0,4) = D(0,95) + (300 D )(0,05)
300(0,4) = D(0,95) + 15 D(0,05)
105 = 0,9 D
D
= 116,6666667 mol/h
W = 183,3333333 mol/h
Intercept minimum GOA = 0,483
xD
0,483 =
Rm 1
xD
0,95
Rm
=
1 = 0,966873706
1 =
0,483
Intercept
R
= 1,450310559
Slope dan intercept GOA:
x
R
1,450310559
0,95
xn D =
yn+1 =
xn
R 1
R 1 1,450310559 1
1,450310559 1
= 0,5918884664 xn + 0,3877059569
N tray teoritis = 11 1 = 10 tray, N tray Rtotal = 6 1 = 5 tray
10
N actual =
= 15 trays
0,7

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Alivia Alfiarty 1014013


Fractional Distillation Using Mc.Cabe and Enthalpy Concentration Method

1
0.95
0.9
0.85
0.8
0.75
0.7
0.65
0.6
0.55
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1

Problem E. Campuran A dan B dengan relatif volatilitas 3 terdiri dari 30 % uap


dan 70 % cair mengandung 60 % mol A. Sesudah di distilasi didapat distilat yang
mengandung 90 % mol A dan hasil bawah mengandung 5 % mol A. Rate feed 100
mol/h. Jika plate teoritis yang tersedia adalah 10, maka berapakah:
a. Reflux stream (L0), distilat, dan residu
b. N minimum
Neraca massa:
F=D+W
100 mol/h = D + W
D = 100 W
Neraca komponen:
FxF = DxD + WxW
100(0,6) = D(0,9) + W(0,05)
100(0,6) = (100 W)(0,9) + W (0,05)
100(0,6) = 90 W(0,9) + W(0,05)
-30
= -0,85 D
D
= 35,29411765 mol/h

27

W
q

Alivia Alfiarty 1014013


Fractional Distillation Using Mc.Cabe and Enthalpy Concentration Method

= 64,70588235 mol/h
H H F HV (HV H L )
H (0,3H V 0,7 H L )
0,7( H V H L )

= V
= V
=
HV H L
HV H L
HV H L
HV H L

0,7
0,7
q
=
=
0,7 1
0,3
q 1
Intercept minimum GOA = 0,58
xD
0,58 =
Rm 1
xD
0,9
Rm =
1 = 0,5517241379
1 =
0,58
Intercept
Trial slope intercept GOA = 0,55
xD
0,55 =
Rm 1
xD
0,9
R
=
1 = 0,6363636364
1 =
0,55
Intercept
N tray teoritis = 11 1 = 10 tray, N tray Rtotal = 5 1 = 4 tray
L0 = D R
= 35,29411765 mol/h 0,6363636364
= 22,45989305 mol/h
Slope q =

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Alivia Alfiarty 1014013


Fractional Distillation Using Mc.Cabe and Enthalpy Concentration Method

1.00
0.95
0.90
0.85
0.80
0.75
0.70
0.65
0.60
0.55
0.50
0.45
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1

Problem F. Campuran benzene-toluene berupa saturated vapor dengan rate


100 mol/h 60 % mol benzene didistilasi sehingga menghasilkan distilat 95 % mol
dan residu 5 % mol benzene. R sebesar 2. Jika Efisiensi murphree 75 %,
hitunglah:
a. Rate distilat dan residu
b. Tray teoritis
c. Tray actual
Neraca massa Benzene:
F=D+W
100 mol/h = D + W
D = 100 W
Neraca komponen:
FxF = DxD + WxW
100(0,6) = D(0,95) + W(0,05)
100(0,6) = (100 W)(0,95) + W (0,05)
100(0,6) = 95 W(0,95) + W(0,05)
-35
= -0,9 D

29

Alivia Alfiarty 1014013


Fractional Distillation Using Mc.Cabe and Enthalpy Concentration Method

D
= 38,88888889 mol/h
W = 61,1111111111 mol/h
Slope dan intercept GOA:
x
R
2
0,9
xn D =
yn+1 =
= 0,666666667 xn + 0,3
xn
R 1
R 1
2 1
2 1
N tray = 12 1 = 11 tray
1
0.95
0.9
0.85
0.8
0.75
0.7
0.65
0.6
0.55
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1

30

Alivia Alfiarty 1014013


Fractional Distillation Using Mc.Cabe and Enthalpy Concentration Method

1
0.95
0.9
0.85
0.8
0.75
0.7
0.65
0.6
0.55
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1

31

Alivia Alfiarty 1014013


Fractional Distillation Using Mc.Cabe and Enthalpy Concentration Method

1
0.95
0.9
0.85
0.8
0.75
0.7
0.65
0.6
0.55
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1

Problem G. Larutan benzene-toluene didistilasi secara Mc.Cabe. Feed dengan


rate 100 lbmol/h mengandung 50 % mol benzene. Hasil distilat mengandung 95
% mol benzene, dan hasil bawah mengandung 5 % mol benzene. Jumlah plate
teoritis termasuk reboiler adalah 14 buah. Jika diketahui R = 1,923, Hitunglah:
a. Rate distilat dan residu
b. % uap yang terkandung dalam feed
c. Rate reflux yang kembali ke kolom atas
d. Jumlah plate pada reflux total
Neraca massa Benzene:
F=D+W
100 lbmol/h = D + W
D = 100 W
Neraca komponen:
FxF = DxD + WxW
100(0,5) = D(0,95) + W(0,05)
100(0,5) = (100 W)(0,95) + W (0,05)
100(0,5) = 95 W(0,95) + W(0,05)

32

Alivia Alfiarty 1014013


Fractional Distillation Using Mc.Cabe and Enthalpy Concentration Method

-45 = -0,9 D
D
= 50 lbmol/h
W = 50 lbmol/h
Slope dan intercept GOA:
x
R
1,923
0,9
xn D =
yn+1 =
= 0,6578857338 xn + 0,3079
xn
R 1
R 1 1,923 1
1,923 1
L0 = D R
= 50 lbmol/h 1,923
= 96,15 lbmol/h
N tray pada reflux total = 7 1 = 6
Trial komposisi liquid uap = 40-60%
H H F HV (HV H L )
H (0,65H V 0,35H L )
0,35( H V H L )

q
= V
= V
=
HV H L
HV H L
HV H L
HV H L

0,35
q
0,35
=
=
0,35 1
q 1
0,65
Jumlah plate = 14
Slope q =

1
0.95
0.9
0.85
0.8
0.75
0.7
0.65
0.6
0.55
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1

33

Alivia Alfiarty 1014013


Fractional Distillation Using Mc.Cabe and Enthalpy Concentration Method

Problem H. Larutan benzene toluene didistilasi secara Mc.Cabe. Feed dengan


rate 100 lbmol/h berupa campuran equimolar uap dan cair, mengandung 50 %
mol benzene. Hasil distilat mengandung 95 % mol benzene dan hasil bawah
mengandung 7,5 % mol benzene. Jumlah plate teoritis termasuk reboiler adalah 9
buah.
a. Berapakah rate distilat dan residu
b. Berapa perbandingan antara reflux ratio dengan reflux ratio minimum?
c. Berapa rate reflux yang kembali ke kolom atas?
d. Berapa jumlah plate pada reflux total?
Neraca massa Benzene:
F=D+W
100 lbmol/h = D + W
D = 100 W
Neraca komponen:
FxF = DxD + WxW
100(0,5) = D(0,95) + W(0,075)
100(0,5) = (100 W)(0,95) + W (0,075)
100(0,5) = 95 W(0,95) + W(0,075)
-45
= -0,875 D
D
= 51,42857143 lbmol/h
W = 48,57142857 lbmol/h
N tray pada reflux total = 7 1 = 6
H H F HV (HV H L )
H (0,5H V 0,5H L )
0,5( H V H L )

q
= V
= V
=
HV H L
HV H L
HV H L
HV H L

0,5
q
0,5
=
=
0,5
q 1
0,5 1
Intercept minimum GOA = 0,372
xD
0,372=
Rm 1
xD
0,95
Rm =
1 = 1,553763441
1 =
0,372
Intercept
Trial slope intercept GOA = 0,23
xD
0,23 =
Rm 1
xD
0,95
R
=
1 = 0,7723577236
1 =
0,23
Intercept
L0 = D R
= 51,42857143 mol/h 0,7723577236
= 39,72125436 mol/h
Rm : R = 2 : 1
Slope q =

34

Alivia Alfiarty 1014013


Fractional Distillation Using Mc.Cabe and Enthalpy Concentration Method

1
0.95
0.9
0.85
0.8
0.75
0.7
0.65
0.6
0.55
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1

Problem I. Campuran A dan B dengan relatif volatilitas 4 di distilasi secara


Mc.Cabe. Feed dengan rate 100 mol/h berupa campuran 20 % uap dan 80 % cair
yang mengandung 50 % mol A. Hasil atas mengandung 95 % mol A, dan hasil
bawah mengandung 5 % mol A. Jika R = 5 Rm, berapakah:
a. Rate hasil atas dan hasil bawah
b. Jumlah plate teoritis
c. Jumlah plate pada reflux total
d. Jika Eo = 60%, berapa jumlah plate actual
e. Jika Em = 60%, berapa jumlah plate actual
f. Jika selama beroperasi tidak menggunakan reboiler, tetapi menggunakan open
steam sebagai pemanas, maka berapa rate steam yang diperlukan, rate
distilat, rate redisu, dan jumlah plate teoritis.
Neraca massa Benzene:
F=D+W
100 mol/h = D + W
D = 100 W

35

Alivia Alfiarty 1014013


Fractional Distillation Using Mc.Cabe and Enthalpy Concentration Method

Neraca komponen:
FxF = DxD + WxW
100(0,5) = D(0,95) + W(0,075)
100(0,5) = (100 W)(0,95) + W (0,05)
100(0,5) = 95 W(0,95) + W(0,05)
-45
= -0,9 D
D
= 50 mol/h
W = 50 mol/h
N tray pada reflux total = 7 1 = 6
H H F HV (HV H L )
H (0,2 H V 0,8H L )
0,8( H V H L )

q
= V
= V
=
HV H L
HV H L
HV H L
HV H L

q
0,8
0,8
=
=
q 1
0,8 1
0,2
Intercept minimum GOA = 0,592
xD
0,592=
Rm 1
xD
0,95
Rm =
1 = 0,6047297297
1 =
0,592
Intercept
R
= 3,023648649
Slope dan intercept GOA:
x
R
3,023648649
0,95
xn D =
yn+1 =
xn
R 1
R 1
3,023648649 1
3,023648649 1
= 0,7514693535 xn + 0,2361041142
N tray teoritis = 6 1 = 5 tray, N tray Rtotal = 5 1 = 4 tray
5
N actual E0 =
= 9 trays
0,6
N actual Em = 9 trays
x = 0,175
WxW
W (0,05)

0,175 =
W S
W S
0,175 (W S) = 0,05 W
S = 5/7 W
Neraca massa:
F+S=D+W
100 + 5/7W = D + W
100 = D + 2/7W
D
= 100 2/7W
Neraca komponen:
FxF + S yS = DxD + WxW
100(0,5) = (100 2/7W)(0,95) + W(0,05)
50 = 95 0,2714285714 W + 0,05 W
-45 = -0,2214285714W
Slope q =

36

Alivia Alfiarty 1014013


Fractional Distillation Using Mc.Cabe and Enthalpy Concentration Method

W = 203,2258065 mol/h
S
= 145,1612903 mol/h
D
= 41,93548387 mol/h
Jumlah plate = 5
1.00
0.95
0.90
0.85
0.80
0.75
0.70
0.65
0.60
0.55
0.50
0.45
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1

37

Alivia Alfiarty 1014013


Fractional Distillation Using Mc.Cabe and Enthalpy Concentration Method

1.00
0.95
0.90
0.85
0.80
0.75
0.70
0.65
0.60
0.55
0.50
0.45
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1

38

Alivia Alfiarty 1014013


Fractional Distillation Using Mc.Cabe and Enthalpy Concentration Method

1.00
0.95
0.90
0.85
0.80
0.75
0.70
0.65
0.60
0.55
0.50
0.45
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1

Problem J. Kolom distilasi secara ponchon beroperasi pada 1 atm. 100 lbmol/h
feed mengandung 40 % mol etanol masuk distilator pada titik didihnya. Hasil
distilat mengandung 80 % mol etanol dengan rate 38,46 lbmol/h. Jika R = 2 dan
digunakan open steam sebagai pemanas dengan rate 137,78 lbmol/h, hitunglah:
a. Rate dan komposisi residu
b. Jumlah plate ideal
c. Jumlah plate actual jika Eo = 70 %
d. Beban kondensor
e. Feed masuk pada plate keberapa
f. Panas entalpi dari steam
Fx F DxD
(100 0,4) (38,46 0,8)
Koordinat =
=
= 0,15
FD
100 38,46
H1 = 20949 BTU/lbmol
hD = 3869,2 BTU/lbmol
hF = 3364,48 Btu/lbmol

39

2 =

Alivia Alfiarty 1014013


Fractional Distillation Using Mc.Cabe and Enthalpy Concentration Method

(h H 1 )
( H 1 hD )

h 20949
20949 3869,2
h= 55108,6 Btu/lbmol
Neraca massa:
F + S= W + D
100 + 137,78 = W + 38,46
W = 199,32 lbmol/h
Neraca komponen:
FxF + SyS = WxW + DxD
(100)(0,4) = (199,32)(xW) + (38,46)(0,8)
xW = 0,04631747943
hW = 3058,72945615097 BTU/lbmol
QCD = h - hD
= 55108,6 Btu/lbmol - 3869,2 Btu/lbmol
= 51239,4 Btu/lbmol
qC = D QCD
= 38,46 lbmol/h 51239,4 Btu/lbmol
= 1970667,324 Btu/h
Neraca entalpi:
FhF + SHS = WhW + DhD + Qc
(100)(3364,48) + (137,78)(HS) = (199,32)( 3058,72945615097) + (38,4)(3869,2)
+ 1970667,324
HS = 17364,36754 BTU/lbmol
Jumlah plate teoritis = 13 1 = 12
Jumlah plate actual = 17
2 =

40

Alivia Alfiarty 1014013


Fractional Distillation Using Mc.Cabe and Enthalpy Concentration Method

41

Alivia Alfiarty 1014013


Fractional Distillation Using Mc.Cabe and Enthalpy Concentration Method

Problem K. Distilasi Ponchon dengan feed 100 lb/h dengan fraksi massa etanol
0,4 mempunyai entalpi 220 BTU/lb. Hasil atas mengandung 88 % massa etanol,
dan hasil bawah mengandung 3 % massa etanol. Hasil lainnya mengandung 70 %
massa etanol dalam kondisi saturated liquid. Jika fraksi massa dari titik beda
antara feed dan hasil samping diketahui 0,33 dan reflux ratio 1,857, berapakah:
a. Rate hasil atas, hasil bawah, dan hasil samping
b. Jumlah plate ideal
c. Beban kondensor dan reboiler
H1 = 539,8 BTU/lb
hD = 98,05 BTU/lb
hW = 174,01 BTU/lb
(h H 1 )
1,857 =
( H 1 hD )

h 539,8
539,8 98,05
h = 1360,12975 Btu/lb
xZ = 0,33
Fx F Sx S
(100 0,4) ( S 0,7)
0,33 =
=
F S
100 S
S
= 18,91891892 lb/h
Neraca massa:
F
=S+D+W
100 = 18,91891892 + D + W
D
= 81,08108108 W
Neraca komponen:
FxF = SxS + DxD + WxW
(100)(0,4) = (18,91891892)(0,7) + (81,08108108 W)(0,88) + (W)(0,03)
W = 52,46422893 lb/h
D
= 28,61685215 lb/h
Dari grafik terbaca: = -200 Btu/lbm
QCD = h - hD
= 1360,12975 Btu/lbm - 98,05 Btu/lbmol
= 1262,07975 Btu/lbmol
QRW = hW - |h |
= 174,01Btu/lbmol + |-200 Btu/lbmol|
= 374,01 Btu/lbmol
qR = W QRW
= 52,46422893 lbmol/h 374,01 Btu/lbmol
= 19622,14626 Btu/h
qC = D QCD
= 28,61685215 lbmol/h 1262,07975 Btu/lbmol
= 36116,74961 Btu/h
Jumlah plate = 9 1 = 8
1,857 =

42

Alivia Alfiarty 1014013


Fractional Distillation Using Mc.Cabe and Enthalpy Concentration Method

1800.0

1600.0

1400.0

1200.0

1000.0

800.0

600.0

400.0

200.0

1.0000
0.0
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

0.9000

0.8000

0.7000

0.6000

0.5000

0.4000

0.3000

0.2000

0.1000

0.0000

43

Alivia Alfiarty 1014013


Fractional Distillation Using Mc.Cabe and Enthalpy Concentration Method

Problem L. Distilasi ponchon dengan double feed yang terdiri dari feed F
dengan fraksi massa etanol 0,33 mempunyai entalpi 50 BTU/lb. Feed lainnya (G)
mempunyai fraksi massa etanol 0,63 dan rate 500 lb/h dengan kondisi saturated
liquid. Diketahui fraksi massa campuran dari kedua feed tersebut adalah 0,41.
Hasil atas mengandung 85 % massa etanol, dan hasil bawah mengandung 5 %
massa etanol. Berapakah:
a. Rate feed , distilat, dan residu
b. Jumlah plate teoritis jika R = 1,94
c. Beban boiler dan kondensor
Neraca massa:
F+G
=D+W
F + 500
=D+W
500 W + F = D
Neraca komponen:
FxF + GxG
= DxD + WxW
(F)(0,33) + (500)(0,63) = (D)(0,85) + (W)(0,05)
0,33F + 315
= 0,85D + 0,05W
Fx F GxG
xZ =
F G
( F 0,33) (500 0,63)
0,41 =
F 500
0,41F + 205 = 0,33F + 315
0,08F
= 110
F
= 1375 lb/h
500 + 1375 W = D
1875 W
=D
(0,33)(1375) + 315 = 0,85(1875 W) + 0,05W
768,75 1593,75 = (-0,85 + 0,05)(W)
W = 1031,25 lb/h
D
= 843,75 lb/h
Dari interpolasi data entalpi, diperoleh:
H1 = 525,9955285 Btu/lbm
hD = 97,63571429 Btu/lbm
hW = 169,95 Btu/lbm
hG = 115,23 Btu/lbm
hF = 50 Btu/lbm
(h H 1 )
R
=
( H 1 hD )

h 525,9955285
525,9955285 97,63571429
h = 1357,013568 Btu/lbm
Dari grafik terbaca:
= -1100 Btu/lbm

1,94 =

44

Alivia Alfiarty 1014013


Fractional Distillation Using Mc.Cabe and Enthalpy Concentration Method

h = 3160 Btu/lbm
Jumlah tray 4, F masuk pada tray 4, dan G masuk pada tray 3.
QCD = h - hD
= 1357,013568 Btu/lbmol - 97,63571429 Btu/lbmol
= 1259,377854 Btu/lbmol
QRW = hW - |h |
= 169,95 Btu/lbmol + |-1100 Btu/lbmol|
= 1269,95 Btu/lbmol
qR = W QRW
= 1031,25 lbmol/h 1269,95 Btu/lbmol
= 1309635,938 Btu/h
qC = D QCD
= 843,75 lbmol/h 1259,377854 Btu/lbmol
= 1062600,064 Btu/h

45

Alivia Alfiarty 1014013


Fractional Distillation Using Mc.Cabe and Enthalpy Concentration Method

46

Alivia Alfiarty 1014013


Fractional Distillation Using Mc.Cabe and Enthalpy Concentration Method

Problem M. Campuran biner benzene-toluene berupa cair jenuh dengan rate


100 mol/h didistilasi secara Mc.Cabe. Feed mengandung 40 % mol benzene.
Hasil atas mengandung 90 % mol benzene dan hasil bawah mengandung 10 %
mol benzene.
a. Berapakah plate hasil atas dan hasil bawah?
b. Jika jumlah plate teoritis termasuk reboiler adalah 7 buah, berapakah refluks
rasio?
c. Jika digunakan open steam, maka berapakah keperluan steam tersebut?
Neraca massa Benzene:
F=D+W
100 mol/h = D + W
D = 100 W
Neraca komponen:
FxF = DxD + WxW
100(0,4) = D(0,9) + W(0,1)
100(0,4) = (100 W)(0,9) + W (0,1)
100(0,4) = 90 W(0,9) + W(0,1)
-50
= -0,8 D
D
= 62,5 mol/h
W = 37,5 mol/h
N tray pada reflux total = 7 1 = 6
Intercept minimum GOA = 0,4
xD
0,4 =
Rm 1
xD
0,9
Rm =
1 = 1,25
1 =
0,4
Intercept
Trial R = 2,5Rm
R
= 3,125
Intercept GOA:
xD
0,9
Interscept GOA =
=
= 0,2181818182
R 1
3,125 1
x = 0,235
WxW
W (0,1)

0,235 =
W S W S
0,1 W = 0,235 (W S)
S = 27/47 W
Neraca massa:
F+S=D+W
100 + 27/47W = D + W
100 = D + 27/47W
D
= 100 20/47W
Neraca komponen:
FxF + S yS = DxD + WxW

47

Alivia Alfiarty 1014013


Fractional Distillation Using Mc.Cabe and Enthalpy Concentration Method

100(0,4) = (100 27/47W)(0,9) + W(0,1)


40 = 90 0,5170212766W + 0,1W
-50 = -0,4170212766W
W = 119,8979592 mol/h
S
= 68,87755102 mol/h
D
= 48,97959183 mol/h
Jumlah plate = 6
1
0.95
0.9
0.85
0.8
0.75
0.7
0.65
0.6
0.55
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1

48

Alivia Alfiarty 1014013


Fractional Distillation Using Mc.Cabe and Enthalpy Concentration Method

1
0.95
0.9
0.85
0.8
0.75
0.7
0.65
0.6
0.55
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1

49

Alivia Alfiarty 1014013


Fractional Distillation Using Mc.Cabe and Enthalpy Concentration Method

Problem N. Kolom distilasi secara ponchon beroperasi pada 1 atm


menghasilkan distilat dan reflux pada suhu 100 F. Feed mengandung 30 % mol
etanol masuk distilator pada 100 F dengan rate 45 lbmol/h. Hasil distilat
mengandung 80 % mol etanol dan hasil bawah mengandung 6,15 % massa etanol.
Jika R = 2,3 Rm, berapakah:
a. Rate distilat dan residu
b. Jumlah plate actual jika Eo = 70 %
c. Beban kondensor dan reboiler
d. Feed masuk pada plate keberapa
0,0615 / 46
xW = 6,15% mol =
= 0,02500112923 % mol
(0,0615 / 46) (0,9385 / 18)
Neraca massa:
F =D+W
D =FW
D = 45 lbmol/h W
Neraca komponen:
FxF
= DxD + WxW
(0,3)(45) = (45 W)(0,8) + (W)(0,02500112923)
13,5 36 = 0,8 W + 0,02500112923 W
W = 29,03230037 lbm/h
D = 15,96769963 lbm/h
Dari interpolasi data entalpi, diperoleh H1 dan HD:
H1 = Btu/lbmol
hF = 3604,166667 Btu/lbmol
hD = Btu/lbmol
hW = 3134,4151 Btu/lbmol
(h H 1 )
R
=
( H 1 hD )

h 20928
20928 3810,9
h = Btu/lbmol
Jumlah stage adalah 5.
Dari grafik terbaca:
= Btu/lbmol

QCD = h - hD
= Btu/lbmol - Btu/lbmol
= Btu/lbmol
QRW = hW - |h |
= Btu/lbmol + Btu/lbmol|
= Btu/lbmol
qR = W QRW
= lbmol/h Btu/lbmol
= Btu/h
2

50

qC

Alivia Alfiarty 1014013


Fractional Distillation Using Mc.Cabe and Enthalpy Concentration Method

= D QCD
= lbmol/h Btu/lbmol
= Btu/h

Problem O.
10000 lb/h feed pada 60 F mengandung 40 % berat etanol di distilasi secara
ponchon. Produk terdiri dari 3 hasil yang mengandung 90 %, 66 %, dan 5 % berat
etanol. Arus yang 66 % keluar pada titik didihnya dengan rate 2000 lb/h. Kolom
dilengkapi dengan kondensor total dimana air pendingin yang tersedia
mempunyai suhu 85 F. Perbandingan reflux L0/D = 2. Open steam di supply
sebagai pemanas dengan suhu 310 F, dimana Hs = 1181,1 Btu/lb.
a. Berapa jumlah plate ideal
b. Berapa rate distilat, residu, dan side stream
c. Feed masuk pada plate keberapa
d. Side stream keluar pada plate keberapa
e. Berapa beban kondensor
0,4 / 46
xF = 40% wt
=
= 0,2068965517 % mol
(0,4 / 46) (0,6 / 18)
xD = 90% wt

0,9 / 46
= 0,7788461538 % mol
(0,9 / 46) (0,1 / 18)

xS = 66% wt

0,66 / 46
= 0,4316860465 % mol
(0,66 / 46) (0,34 / 18)

xW= 5% wt

0,05 / 46
= 0,0201793722 % mol
(0,05 / 46) (0,95 / 18)

F = 10000 lb/h=

10000 lb/h
= 237931,0345 lbmol/h
0,04202898551 lb/lbmol

S = 2000 lb/h =

6000 lb/h
= 180523,2558 lbmol/h
0,03323671498 lb/lbmol

Neraca massa:
F =D+S+W
D =FSW
D = 57407,77869 lbm/h W
Neraca komponen:
FxF
= DxD + SxS + WxW
(0,2068965517)(237931,0345) = (57407,77869 W)(0,7788461538) +
(0,4316860465)(180523,2558) + (W)(0,0201793722)
49227,11058 77929,3706 44711,82763 = 0,7788461538 W + 0,0201793722 W
W = lbm/h
D = lbm/h

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