US History

Semester 2 Final Exam Study Guide

Name____________________

How to ace this test

1.Names to Know
look up information about each of the names on this study guide BOTH from OLD TESTS and YOUR
NOTES , and PowerPoints (NOT GOOGLE OR WIKI)
2.Vocabulary /Events
know the definitions for each of the vocabulary terms listed on this study guide
look up the definitions from OLD TESTS and your NOTES
3.Multiple Choice
look back at ALL of your multiple choice sections from OLD TESTS, but do not simply memorize them
because some of the questions and answers have been changed

Names to Know
Woodrow Wilson
Senator Lodge Henry Cabot Lodge (1850-1924), a conservative Republican politician,

proved a long-term adversary of Democratic President Woodrow Wilsonand, ultimately, his

nemesis.

Charles Schenk Charles T. Schenck was the secretary of the Socialist Party of America in
Philadelphia during the First World War and involved in the 1919 Supreme Court case Schenck v.
United States.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

John Scopes John Thomas Scopes was a teacher in Dayton, Tennessee, who was charged on
May 5, 1925 for violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which prohibited the teaching of evolution in
Tennessee schools.

Langston Hughes James Mercer Langston Hughes was an American poet, social activist,
novelist, playwright, and columnist from Joplin, Missouri. He was one of the earliest innovators of
the then-new literary art form called jazz poetry.

Bessie Smith
Duke Ellington
Jacob Lawrence
Herbert Hoover
Franklin Roosevelt
Joseph Stalin
Hitler

Hideki Tojo
Benito Mussolini
Joseph McCarthy
Rosenbergs
Harry Truman
Winston Churchill
John F Kennedy
President Johnson

Martin Luther King

Malcolm X
Richard Nixon
President Ford
Ronald Reagan
Bill Clinton
George Bush Jr and Sr

Vocabulary Terms/Concepts/Events
Militarism
No mans Land
Trench Warfare
Imperialism
Nationalism
Alliance System
Espionage and Sedition Acts In June 1917, Congress passed the Espionage Act. The

piece of legislation gave postal officials the authority to ban newspapers and
magazines from the mails and threatened individuals convicted of obstructing the
draft with $10,000 fines and 20 years in jail. Congress passed the Sedition Act of
1918, which made it a federal offense to use "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive

language" about the Constitution, the government, the American uniform, or the
flag. The government prosecuted over 2,100 people under these acts.
Political dissenters bore the brunt of the repression. Eugene V. Debs, who urged
socialists to resist militarism, went to prison for nearly three years. Another Socialist,
Kate Richards O'Hare, served a year in prison for stating that the women of the
United States were "nothing more nor less than brood sows, to raise children to get
into the army and be made into fertilizer."

Zimmerman Note
Lusitania
Selective Service Act The Selective Service Act or Selective Draft Act (Pub.L.
6512, 40 Stat. 76, enacted May 18, 1917) authorized the federal government to
raise a national army for the American entry into World War I through the
compulsory enlistment of people.
Wilsons 14 Point Peace Plan The Selective Service
Act or Selective Draft Act (Pub.L. 6512, 40 Stat. 76, enacted May 18, 1917)
authorized the federal government to raise a national army for the American entry
into World War I through the compulsory enlistment of people.
I. Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no private
international understandings of any kind but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in
the public view.
II. Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in peace
and in war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part by international action for
the enforcement of international covenants.
III. The removal, so far as possible, of all economic barriers and the establishment of an
equality of trade conditions among all the nations consenting to the peace and associating
themselves for its maintenance.
IV. Adequate guarantees given and taken that national armaments will be reduced to the
lowest point consistent with domestic safety.
V. A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial claims, based
upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty
the interests of the populations concerned must have equal weight with the equitable claims
of the government whose title is to be determined.
VI. The evacuation of all Russian territory and such a settlement of all questions affecting
Russia as will secure the best and freest cooperation of the other nations of the world in
obtaining for her an unhampered and unembarrassed opportunity for the independent

determination of her own political development and national policy and assure her of a
sincere welcome into the society of free nations under institutions of her own choosing; and,
more than a welcome, assistance also of every kind that she may need and may herself
desire. The treatment accorded Russia by her sister nations in the months to come will be
the acid test of their good will, of their comprehension of her needs as distinguished from
their own interests, and of their intelligent and unselfish sympathy.
VII. Belgium, the whole world will agree, must be evacuated and restored, without any
attempt to limit the sovereignty which she enjoys in common with all other free nations. No
other single act will serve as this will serve to restore confidence among the nations in the
laws which they have themselves set and determined for the government of their relations
with one another. Without this healing act the whole structure and validity of international law
is forever impaired.
VIII. All French territory should be freed and the invaded portions restored, and the
wrong done to France by Prussia in 1871 in the matter of Alsace-Lorraine, which has
unsettled the peace of the world for nearly fifty years, should be righted, in order that peace
may once more be made secure in the interest of all.
IX. A readjustment of the frontiers of Italy should be effected along clearly recognizable
lines of nationality.
X. The peoples of Austria-Hungary, whose place among the nations we wish to see
safeguarded and assured, should be accorded the freest opportunity to autonomous
development.
XI. Rumania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated; occupied territories
restored; Serbia accorded free and secure access to the sea; and the relations of the several
Balkan states to one another determined by friendly counsel along historically established
lines of allegiance and nationality; and international guarantees of the political and economic
independence and territorial integrity of the several Balkan states should be entered into.
XII. The turkish portion of the present Ottoman Empire should be assured a secure
sovereignty, but the other nationalities which are now under Turkish rule should be assured
an undoubted security of life and an absolutely unmolested opportunity of autonomous
development, and the Dardanelles should be permanently opened as a free passage to the
ships and commerce of all nations under international guarantees.
XIII. An independent Polish state should be erected which should include the territories
inhabited by indisputably Polish populations, which should be assured a free and secure
access to the sea, and whose political and economic independence and territorial integrity
should be guaranteed by international covenant.
XIV. A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the
purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to
great and small states alike.

Treaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles (French: Trait de Versailles) was

one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. It ended the state of war
between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919, exactly
five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
League of Nations The League of Nations (abbreviated as LN in English, La
Socit des Nations [la ssjete de nsj ] abbreviated as SDN or SdN in French)
was an intergovernmental organisation founded on 10 January 1920 as a result
of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War.
Great Migration The Great Migration was the movement of 6 million AfricanAmericans out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast,
Midwest, and West that occurred between 1910 and 1970.

Harlem Renaissance
Butler Act
Scopes Trial was an American legal case in 1925 in which a substitute high school

teacher, John Scopes, was accused of violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which made it
unlawful to teach human evolution in any state-funded school.[1] The trial was deliberately
staged to attract publicity to the small town of Dayton, Tennessee, where it was held. Scopes
was unsure whether he had ever actually taught evolution, but he purposely incriminated
himself so that the case could have a defendant.

1st Red Scare The First Red Scare was a period during the early 20th-century history of
the United States marked by a widespread fear of Bolshevism and anarchism, due to real
and imagined events; real events included those such as the Russian Revolution as well as
the publicly stated goal of a worldwide communist revolution. At its height in 19191920,
concerns over the effects of radical political agitation in American society and the alleged
spread of communism and anarchism in the American labor movement fueled a general
sense of paranoia.

Speakeasies
Prohibition
18th Amendment The separate Volstead Act set down methods of enforcing
the Eighteenth Amendment, and defined which "intoxicating liquors" were

prohibited, and which were excluded from prohibition (e.g., for medical and
religious purposes).
Volstead Act The National Prohibition Act, known informally as the Volstead
Act, was enacted to carry out the intent of the Eighteenth Amendment, which
established prohibition in the United States.

Speakeasies
Bootleggers
Organized Crime
Great Depression
Over Speculation
Before the Great Depression investments where made that where very speculative.
This meant people invested without regards to doing research to make sure what
they invested in was really a good investment.
Also the 1920's was a time known as the roaring 20's such exuberance and
confidence in the fast growth of the stock market made investors feel over confident
about there future investments. We all know that over confidence can cause us to
make poor decisions. The overconfidence causes us not to make decisions based on
facts and home work. They bought investments that where not profitable and over
paid for investments that where profitable. People with such beliefs that this real
estate or stock will go up up and up became ingrained in the market and it caused a
major over pricing of most or all stocks. When the tightening of credit cause the
market to finally crash it crashed faster and harder then before because of the over
speculation. Speculation could be very similar to gambling. Making investments
without regards to researching that investment!
hope this helped

Stock Market Crash Search Results

Stock Market Crash of 1929

Hoovervilles
Buying on Margin
In the 1920s more people invested in the stock market than ever
before. Stock prices rose so fast that at the end of the decade, some

people became rich overnight by buying and selling stocks. People

could buy stocks on margin which was like installment buying. People
could buy stocks for only a 10% down payment! The buyer would hold
the stock until the price rose and then sell it for a profit. As long as the
stock prices kept going up, the system worked. However, during 1928
and 1929, the prices of many stocks went up faster than the value of
the companies the stocks represented. Some experts warned that the
bull market would end.
Credit Buying on credit was a huge problem in the 1920s. Since the
20s was a period of great economic boom, not many people took the
future into consideration. Many people bought refrigerators, cars, etc.
with money that they did not have. This system was called installment
buying. With this system, people could make a monthly, weekly, or
yearly payment on an item that they wanted or needed. This happened
until Black Tuesday, when the stock market crashed. The two systems,
installment buying and buying on credit, left millions of people in debt .
When many lost their jobs, they could not pay back the debts they had
incurred.

The New Deal- know the 3 Rs

What did Roosevelt mean by relief, recovery and reform?
1. Relief - Immediate action taken to halt the economies deterioration.
2. Recovery - "Pump - Priming" Temporary programs to restart the flow of consumer demand.
3. Reform - Permanent programs to avoid another depression and insure citizens against
economic disasters.

Fireside Chats Fireside chats is the term used to describe a series of 30

evening radio comedies given by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt between
1933 and 1944.

Fascism
Neutrality Acts The Neutrality Acts were laws passed in 1935, 1936, 1937, and
1939 to limit U.S. involvement in future wars. They were based on the
widespread disillusionment with World War I in the early 1930s and the belief that

the United States had been drawn into the war through loans and trade with the
Allies.
Non-Aggression Pact On August 23, 1939shortly before World War II (1939-45)
broke out in Europeenemies Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union surprised the
world by signing the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact, in which the two
countries agreed to take no military action against each other for the next 10
years.
Blitzkrieg
Appeasement Appeasement, the policy of making concessions to the dictatorial
powers in order to avoid conflict, governed Anglo-French foreign policy during the
1930s. It became indelibly associated with Conservative Prime Minister Neville
Chamberlain.
Invasion of Poland The Invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign, or the
1939 Defensive War in Poland, and alternatively the Poland Campaign or Fall Weiss in Germany,
was a joint invasion of Poland

Holocaust
Lend Lease Act Proposed in late 1940 and passed in March 1941, theLendLease Act was the principal means for providing U.S. military aid to foreign
nations during World War II.

Pearl Harbor
Homefront the civilian population and activities of a nation whose armed forces
are engaged in war abroad.

Rationing
Rosie the Riveter
Rosie the Riveter is a cultural icon of the United States, representing the American women who
worked in factories and shipyards during World War II, many of whom produced munitions and
war supplies.

Internment camps

Harry Truman
2nd Red Scare The second Red Scare refers to the fear of communism that
permeated American politics, culture, and society from the late 1940s through the
1950s, during the opening phases of the Cold War with the Soviet Union.

Cold War
Containment Containment is a military strategy to stop the expansion of an enemy. It is
best known as the Cold War policy of the United States and its allies to prevent the spread
of communism abroad.

Marshall Plan The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program,
ERP) was an American initiative to aid Western Europe, in which the United
States gave $13 billion [citation needed] (approximately $130 billion in current dollar
value as of March 2016) in economic support to help rebuild Western European
economies after the
United Nations The United Nations is an intergovernmental organization to promote
international co-operation.

Domino Theory the theory that a political event in one country will cause similar
events in neighboring countries, like a falling domino causing an entire row of
upended dominoes to fall.
Berlin Blockade & Airlift erlin blockade and airlift, international crisis that arose

from an attempt by the Soviet Union, in 194849, to force the Western Allied
powers (the United States, the United Kingdom, and France) to abandon their
post-World War II jurisdictions in West Berlin.
Korean War The Korean War began when North Korea invaded South Korea. The United
Nations, with the United States as the principal force, came to the aid of South Korea. China, with
assistance from the Soviet Union, came to the aid of North Korea.

Vietnam War The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, and known in
Vietnam as Resistance War Against America or simply the American War, was a Cold War-era
proxy war that occurred in Vietnam

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution On August 7, 1964, Congress passed the Gulf of

Tonkin Resolution, authorizing President Johnson to take any measures he
believed were necessary to retaliate and to promote the maintenance of
international peace and security in southeast Asia.
Doves Vs Hawks Refers to the polarization of American society in the
1960's, when one side called for intensification of the Vietnam conflict,
and another side wanted de-escalation or withdrawal

Cuban Missile Crisis

Space Race & Nuclear Arms Race
Mutual Assured Destruction Mutual assured destruction, or MAD, is a doctrine
of military strategy and national security policy in which a full-scale use of nuclear
weapons by two or more opposing sides would cause the complete annihilation
of both the attacker and the defender (see pre-emptive nuclear strike and second
strike).

Civil Rights Movement

Martin Luther King
Malcolm X
Civil Disobedience Civil disobedience is the active, professed refusal to obey
certain laws, demands, and commands of a government, or of an occupying
international power.

Little Rock 9 The Little Rock Nine was a group of nine African American
students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. Their enrollment
was followed by the Little Rock Crisis, in which the students were initially
prevented from entering the racially segregated school by Orval Faubus, the
Governor of Arkansas.

Amendments/Legislation
18th Amendment
19th Amendment

21st Amendment
Espionage and Sedition Acts
Butler Act
Selective Service Act
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Brown V Board Of Education
NAACP
Equal Rights Amendment
Title IX (9)
National Organization for Women
Watergate
Iran Contra Scandal
Reaganomics
Military intervention in Kosovo
Persian Gulf War
Iraq War
WW1
U.S. President
Allies
Enemies of US
3 Major events
of each
How did the
US get

WW2

involved
US role after
War

League of
Nations

United
Nations

Purpose:
When:

US Involvement:

*** KNOW the differences between?

-WW1 and WW2
-Internment camps and Concentration Camps-Korean War and Vietnam War
-League of Nations and United Nations-Warsaw and Nato
-Brown V Board and Plessy Vs Ferguson-1st Red Scare and 2nd Red Scare
-Brown V Board and Civil Rights Act of 1964-NAACP and NOW
-Malcolm X and MLK, Jr.