1

ON-OFF
kW

kW

kW

LOAD-UNLOAD

MODULATION

1. (Air Leakage Loss)

700 kPa (7 bar)
.
kWh :
0.2
0.8
3.2
12.8
51.2
207.8

0.7
0.8
1.6
3.2
6.7
12.7

239
958
3830
15,322
61,344
245,146

()
598
2,395
9,575
38,305
153,360
612,865

12 ./ 300 / 2.50 /
7

L =

Q x

TL
(TL + TUL)

L - (CFM)
Q - (CFM)
TL - ()
TUL - ()
8

2.


2.1

2.2

7 barg 6 barg 8%
9

3.
3.1

3.2

3.3

3
0C 1%

10

4.

-

-

0.5 bar
11

12

5.

5.1 (Air Receiver Tank)

8 1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6

5.7
5.8
13

1.
2. noload test
3.
4.
5. ()
6.
7.
8. unload
9.
10.
14

15


Water Cooled Water Chiller
EXP
CT

CDP
CHP

CH

FA
SA
RA

16


Air Cooled Water Chiller
EXP

CHP

CH

FA
SA
RA

17

2. ?

(%)
1.
-
-
-
-
-

80
10
3-5
3-5
2-3

2.
-
-
-
-

85
5
50-10
3-5
18

2. ?

(%)
3.
-
-
-
-

85
5-10
3-5
2-3

4.
-
-

5-10
90-95

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

2. ?
(Chiller)

2.4 GPM/TR
3.0 GPM/TR

6
Current Limit Load 80-90%

32

(Cooling Tower)

6OF

3.0 GPM/TR
180-250 CFM/TR
Sprinkler Pipe
Filling 1
Filling

33

 (AHU ; FCU)
(dew point)

6 OF
300-400
CFM/TR

2.4 GPM/TR

Stainer

1
34



10

80-90%
Stainer
GPM/kW

35

36


1.
(tdew)
2.
(twb) 3 C
3.

37

 ?

(High Pressure)

38

(Low Pressure)

39

 (Super Heat)

40

1.

1.

CHILLER

41

1. 2.
3.
......................oF

3.
1.

......................kW

4.
......................oF
2.
............................us.GPM
42

1. ()
2.

43

1. 2.
3./ 4.
3. /
.............oF / ...........%RH

4. /
.............oF / ...........%RH

5.

........................ft2

2.
...............fpm
FCU

220 / 380 V

1.
.....................kW.

CDU

44

1. ()
3.

AHU,FCU

45

1.

2. 3.

1.
............................kW

3.
......................oF

4.
......................oF
2.
............................usGPM
46

46

1. ()
4.

47

1. 2.
1.
............................kW

3.
3.
......................oF

4.
......................oF

2.
..................usGPM
48

1. ()
5.

(GPM)

49

1.
1.
............................kW

2.
2.
..................usGPM

50

2.

51

52

53

54

55

56

57


Solar Collector
Condenser
&
Absorbtion

Cooling
Tower

Generator

Absorption Chiller

Hot Water
Storage
Tank
Heat
Back up

Evaporator
Cold
Tank

Fan Coil Unit

Absorption chiller Absorption chiller

Fan coil unit
Absorption chiller
Cooling tower

(Backup heater)
Absorption chiller
58

60 tons
York Tech Chester Center South Carolina USA
59

Solar Icemaker Ammonia-water

parabolic trough solar collector

Sandia National Lab ,Maryland, USA

60

5 Plus Technology
Advantage To Save Energy
And Create Comfort
in Air-Conditioning
And Refrigeration System
61


45 55 C
65 - 80 PSI
(STEADY)

250 - 300 PSI

(STEADY)

38C

Compressor is Run at Steady stage

62

VRF for Commercial Buildings

Up to 50 indoor units per outdoor
72,000 360,000 BTUH
Simultaneous heating and cooling
Energy reclaim
IEER up to 23.9
COP up to 4.87

63

What is VRF Technology?

64

INVERTER-driven Compressor

SETPOINT

VRF

VRF

Room Temperature

CONVENTIONAL

Enables capacity operation as low as 4%

Sizing flexibility with variable capacity
Enables long runtimes
Reduces compressor cycling
Improves temperature control

Time

65

High Starting Current

Traditional HVAC System without Inverter Technology

66

VRF Heat Recovery Technology

Simultaneous cooling and heating

67

VRF Integrated Controls

Easy to install and operate
2-wire DDC (Direct Control) system
16ga stranded and shielded, non-polar
Daisy-chain connection

Customizable control scheme with web access

Individual room controls
Color touch screen centralized control
Integration into building management system via
BACnet and Lonworks
Third-party equipment control
Tenant billing capability
68

Chilled
Ceilings
69

70

Chilled Ceiling
Radiant Effect
CW Supply
59-62F

CW Return
62-66F

55%
Convective
45%
Radiant

76F Dry Bulb

74F radiant
temperature (black bulb)

71

Chilled Ceilings
Advantages
Excellent thermal comfort
Can Heat
Reduced space requirements
Will fit into 6-8 cavity
Self regulating
Simple controls
Low noise
Low maintenance

Design Issues
Low cooling output
20 to 25 BTUH/FT2 100%
coverage
14 to 18 BTUH/FT2 70%
coverage
Driven by surface area

Very High cost

Separate air system required
Needs many connections
72

73

Sails

Operation Principle

74

Sails

Operation Principle

Increased convection
75

Chilled Sails
Advantages
Good thermal comfort
Reduced space requirements
Freely suspended
Self regulating
Simple controls
Low noise
Low maintenance

Design Issues
Cooling output
40 to 50 BTUH/FT2

dependent of amount of ceiling used

Separate air system required

High cost
Can not heat
Need good acoustic treatment to avoid hard
spaces
Many connections
Aesthetics ?
76

77

Ceilings & Sails Summary -

Cooling & Heating (Ceiling only)

Very High thermal comfort especially on ceilings
Cooling capacity up to 18 Btuh/FT2 floor space (Ceiling - average)
Cooling capacity up to 40 Btuh/FT2 floor space (Sail - average)
Very low ceiling cavities needed, could in installed in a 6 space.
Self regulating
simple two position controls
Low noise
Low maintenance
78

Chilled Water Distribution

Train Station??,
Car100RT
Park
Train
Station
700RT

MTB&Concourse 12,600RT
AIM 200RT

AIMS
700RT

Chilled Water
Supply from
DCAP
to ..
DCAP

Airport Hotel 700RT

AOB 500RT AOB

1500RT

TG Catering Facility 5,000RT

Total
19,000RT
(29,860RT)
Installed

Airport Hotel 1,500RT

79

79

ENERGY SAVING BY HEAT PUMP

80

 (HEAT PUMP)
(Heat Pump)
(Heat Source)
(Heat Sink)


Fresh air
Refrigerant (R22, R134a,
R407c) Heat Pump

81

 (HEAT PUMP)

82

 (HEAT PUMP)
(Heat Pump)
4
(Compressor) (Condenser) (Expansion Valve)
(Evaporator)

83



(Electric
Heater) 3-4 ( )



R134a
CFC

84

Heat source of heat pump

Electrical Energy in

85


Discharge line
Suction line

Compressor
Ambien
t air in
Warm
return air
in

Warm air out

Condenser
Liquid line

High pressure
side
Low pressure side
Receiver/Drier

Cool air
out

Evaporator

Expansion device

Refrigerant

Vapor-compression air-conditioning cycle

86

Ref : Energy master .co.th

87

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Air to Air heat pump

Air to Water heat pump
Water to Water Heat pump
Water to Air Heat pump
Ground Source Heat Pump

Air source

Water source

88


Air to air heat pump
condenser

evaporator

evaporator

condenser

Ref: www. Energy groove.net

89

Air to water heat pump

Ref: www.greenspancrop.com

90


Air-source heat pumps (integrated type)

Air-source heat pump water heater system

(integrated type)

(www.greenserveuk.com)

91

Water to water heat pump

92

Ground source heat pump

Ref: www.hvacheatingandcooling.com

93


Hybrid electric heat pumps

(https://buildingsfieldtest.nrel.gov)

A hybrid electric heat pump water heater is a combination of heat pump and conventional electric
heating element. In case of the hot water consumption is higher than usual, electric resistance heating
elements may be used to supplement the heat pump.

94

Building
Domestic hot water
Humidity control & pre cool air
Pool & Spa
Swimming pool
Cloth dryer
Laundry room cooling
Dish washing pre-heating
Boilers make up water pre heating
Heating and/or cooling process

Industry
Humidity control & pre cool air
Cloth dryer
Laundry room cooling
Boilers make up water pre heating
Heating and/or cooling process
Product drying

95

96

97

Performance of Refrigerator Coefficient of Performance (COP)

Coefficient of performance =

useful refrigeration
network

Performance of Heat Pump Performance Factor (PF)

Performance factor =

heat rejected from cycle

work required

Coefficient of Performance Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER)

Useful refrigeration : BTU/hr
Net work : Watt

98

 Water Temperature

C.O.P.

COP A/W Heat Pump

Ambient Temperature

C.O.P.

Water Temperature

Ambient Humidity

C.O.P.

Ambient Temperature

Ambient Humidity
: ENGINEERING LABORATORIES SABS

99

HEAT PUMP APPLICATION

100

Heat pump system for heating bath.

Cancel

!!! Free energy !!!
HEAT PUMP

BOILER , ELECTRIC
HEATER

,

101

Pre-Heat System
DI WATER SUPPLY

Washing bath

Before

30 ooC
C
30
o
90 C

DI WATER SUPPLY

After

Heat
Pump

Washing bath
60 ooC
C
90

Reduce 75% of electricity cost.

102

Automotive ED process

Degreasing tank

ED tank

50
45 oC

BOILER

Degreasing

3025ooCC
HEAT PUMP

50 oC

CHILLER

ED
103

HEAT PUMP FOR ED

104

PROJECT REFERENCE
Degreasing tank

Phosphate tank
Electric

50

oC

50 oC

Electric

Pretreatment
Chiller
Cancel
30 ton

Steam
Chilled water

Cancel
Boiler
EDP
ED tank
NG

NG
Energy Master Co.,
Ltd.

29 oC

105

PROJECT REFERENCE
Before
NG

After

Electric
Electric

Degreasing tank

Boiler

Chiller

Degreasing tank

50 oC

50 oC

Phosphate tank

50 oC

ED#1 tank

29 oC

Phosphate tank

50 oC

Heat

HEAT
PUMP Cool

ED#1 tank

29 oC

Conclusion : We can reduce energy consumption of both boiler & chiller.

106

Pre-Heat System
Washing bath
DI WATER SUPPLY

30 ooC
C
30
90 oC

oC
oC
o

30
30
90 C

oC
90ooC
30
C
30

Washing bath

Washing bath

90 oooC
C
30
C
30

Washing bath

30
90 ooC
C

Washing bath
107

Pre-Heat System
Washing bath
DI WATER SUPPLY

Heat
Pump

o
60
90 oCC

90ooCC
60

90 oC
60 oC

90 oC
60 oC

Heat
Pump

o
90
60 oC
C

Washing bath

Washing bath

Washing bath

Washing bath
109

PROJECT REFERENCE

Washing

AHU Fresh Air

100%
Chiller

1.4 ( Chiller )
Heat Pump 25 kW
4 40%
110

HEAT PUMP APPLICATION

113

HOT GEN.
2 X 11,000 LTRS.

CWS

HWR
114

CWS
HOT WATER PUMP

HWS
HWS

HWRHWR

Cold Air to
Canteen
115

Application : Spa ( )

116

 HEAT PUMP

Boiler

16-20 1

117

Summary : Benefit of Heat Pump

CO2

3,629 ktoe
Heat Pump 30%
CO2 16 /
118

taveewat.sup@kmutt.ac.th : taveewat.sup@hotmail.com
Tel. 081-3421680

119