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Docfo10 What is considered a best practice for an optimal redundant network? Access switches should have redundant connections to redundant distribution switches. Access switches should have a backup connection to at least one core device Dual distribution switches should connect individually to separate core switches. Three distribution switches should be implemented so that the third switch can take the role of active or standby, as necessary. 11 Which two statements are true about the Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP)? (Choose two.) A router in the speak state sends periodic hello messages to all routers in the group to acquire a virtual IP address. A router in the speak state sends periodic hello messages and actively participates in the election of the active or standby router. A router in the standby state forwards packets that are sent to the group virtual MAC address. The router in the standby state is a candidate to become the next active router. The r
Docfo10 What is considered a best practice for an optimal redundant network? Access switches should have redundant connections to redundant distribution switches. Access switches should have a backup connection to at least one core device Dual distribution switches should connect individually to separate core switches. Three distribution switches should be implemented so that the third switch can take the role of active or standby, as necessary. 11 Which two statements are true about the Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP)? (Choose two.) A router in the speak state sends periodic hello messages to all routers in the group to acquire a virtual IP address. A router in the speak state sends periodic hello messages and actively participates in the election of the active or standby router. A router in the standby state forwards packets that are sent to the group virtual MAC address. The router in the standby state is a candidate to become the next active router. The r
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R
ef
er
to
th
e
ex
hi
bit
.
W
ha
t
st
at
e
m
en
t
is
tru
e
ab
ou
t
th
e
ou
tp
ut
of
th
e
sh
o
w
st
an
db
y
co
m
m
an
d?
Th
e
cu
rr
en
t
pri
ori
ty
of
thi
s
ro
ut
er
is
12
0.
Th
e
ro
ut
er
is
cu
rr
en
tly
for
w
ar
di
ng
pa
ck
et
s.
Th
is
ro
ut
er
is
tra
ck
in
g
tw
o
pr
op
erl
y
op
er
ati
ng
int
erf
ac
es
.
Th
is
ro
ut
er
is
in
th
e
H
S
R
P
do
w
n
st
at
e
be
ca
us
e
its
tra
ck
ed
int
erf
ac
es
ar
e
do
w
n.
2
H
o
w
do
es
Ci
sc
o
IO
S
se
rv
er
lo
ad
ba
la
nc
in
g
(S
LB
)
en
ha
nc
e
se
cu
rit
y
of
a
re
al
se
rv
er
?
Th
e
IP
ad
dr
es
s
of
th
e
re
al
se
rv
er
is
no
t
ne
ed
ed
wi
th
IO
S
S
L
B,
w
hi
ch
rel
ie
s
on
ly
on
M
A
C
ad
dr
es
se
s.
Th
e
IP
ad
dr
es
s
of
th
e
re
al
se
rv
er
is
tra
ns
lat
ed
wi
th
N
et
w
or
k
A
dd
re
ss
Tr
an
sl
ati
on
(N
AT
).
Th
e
IP
ad
dr
es
s
of
th
e
re
al
se
rv
er
is
ad
ve
rti
se
d
as
pa
rt
of
a
di
sti
nc
t
ne
tw
or
k.
Th
e
IP
ad
dr
es
s
of
th
e
re
al
se
rv
er
is
ne
ve
r
an
no
un
ce
d
to
th
e
ex
ter
na
l
ne
tw
or
k.
3
H
o
w
is
se
rv
er
IP
ad
dr
es
si
ng
ha
nd
le
d
by
Ci
sc
o
IO
S
se
rv
er
lo
ad
ba
la
nc
in
g
(S
LB
)
in
di
sp
at
ch
ed
m
od
e?
Th
e
de
fa
ult
ga
te
w
ay
ad
dr
es
s
for
th
e
su
bn
et
is
as
si
gn
ed
to
th
e
vir
tu
al
se
rv
er.
Th
e
re
al
se
rv
er
s
ar
e
co
nfi
gu
re
d
wi
th
th
e
vir
tu
al
se
rv
er
ad
dr
es
s
as
lo
op
ba
ck
ad
dr
es
se
s
or
se
co
nd
ar
y
IP
ad
dr
es
se
s.
Th
e
vir
tu
al
se
rv
er
is
as
si
gn
ed
an
IP
ad
dr
es
s
un
kn
o
w
n
to
an
y
of
th
e
re
al
se
rv
er
s.
Th
e
re
al
se
rv
er
s
ar
e
co
nfi
gu
re
d
wi
th
IP
ad
dr
es
se
s
th
at
dif
fer
by
a
po
w
er
of
2.
4
R
ef
er
to
th
e
ex
hi
bit
.
Ba
se
d
on
th
e
pr
ov
id
ed
co
nfi
gu
rat
io
n,
w
hi
ch
ro
ut
er
s
ar
e
th
e
m
as
ter
an
d
th
e
ba
ck
up
vir
tu
al
ro
ut
er
s
for
th
e
ho
st
s
th
at
ar
e
co
nn
ec
te
d
to
th
e
V
R
R
P
gr
ou
p
1?
R
ou
ter
R
1
is
th
e
m
as
ter
for
all
ho
st
s,
an
d
ro
ut
er
R
2
is
th
e
ba
ck
up
for
all
ho
st
s
in
th
e
gr
ou
p.
R
ou
ter
R
1
is
th
e
m
as
ter
for
H
os
t1
an
d
H
os
t2.
R
ou
ter
R
2
is
th
e
m
as
ter
for
H
os
t3
an
d
H
os
t4.
R
ou
ter
R
1
is
th
e
m
as
ter
for
H
os
t3
an
d
H
os
t4.
R
ou
ter
R
2
is
th
e
ba
ck
up
for
H
os
t3
an
d
H
os
t4.
B
ec
au
se
of
in
co
rr
ec
t
co
nfi
gu
rat
io
n
of
th
e
de
fa
ult
ga
te
w
ay
on
th
e
ho
st
s,
no
ne
of
th
e
ro
ut
er
s
is
th
e
m
as
ter
for
th
e
V
R
R
P
gr
ou
p.
5
R
ef
er
to
th
e
ex
hi
bit
.
W
hi
ch
IP
SL
A
st
at
e
m
en
t
is
tru
e?
IP
S
LA
op
er
ati
on
99
ha
s
be
en
in
co
rr
ec
tly
co
nfi
gu
re
d.
IP
S
LA
op
er
ati
on
99
ha
s
st
op
pe
d
m
on
ito
rin
g
th
e
tar
ge
t
de
vi
ce
.
IP
S
LA
op
er
ati
on
99
ha
d
21
1
su
cc
es
sf
ul
re
pli
es
fro
m
th
e
tar
ge
t
de
vi
ce
.
IP
S
LA
op
er
ati
on
10
0
ha
s
be
en
in
co
rr
ec
tly
co
nfi
gu
re
d.
IP
S
LA
op
er
ati
on
10
0
ha
s
st
op
pe
d
m
on
ito
rin
g
th
e
tar
ge
t
de
vi
ce
.
IP
S
LA
op
er
ati
on
10
0
ha
d
21
1
su
cc
es
sf
ul
re
pli
es
fro
m
th
e
tar
ge
t
de
vi
ce
.
6
R
ef
er
to
th
e
ex
hi
bit
.
S
wit
ch
D
S
w
1
is
th
e
ac
tiv
e
vir
tu
al
ga
te
w
ay
(A
V
G)
an
d
D
S
w
2
is
an
ac
tiv
e
vir
tu
al
for
w
ar
de
r
(A
V
F).
Ba
se
d
on
thi
s
inf
or
m
ati
on
,
w
hi
ch
tw
o
G
LB
P
st
at
e
m
en
ts
ar
e
tru
e?
(C
ho
os
e
tw
o.)
G
L
B
P
is
a
Ci
sc
o
pr
op
rie
tar
y
pr
ot
oc
ol
an
d
is
su
pp
ort
ed
on
all
Ci
sc
o
C
at
al
ys
t
an
d
Ci
sc
o
ro
ut
er
pl
atf
or
m
s.
N
on
e
of
th
e
s
wi
tc
he
s
ha
ve
ha
d
th
eir
pri
ori
ty
co
nfi
gu
re
d.
S
wi
tc
h
D
S
w
1
as
si
gn
s
th
e
vir
tu
al
IP
ad
dr
es
se
s
to
s
wi
tc
h
D
S
w
2.
S
wi
tc
h
D
S
w
2
ha
s
be
en
co
nfi
gu
re
d
wi
th
th
e
gl
b
p
1
pr
io
rit
y
95
co
m
m
an
d.
T
w
o
m
or
e
m
ult
ila
ye
r
s
wi
tc
he
s
co
ul
d
joi
n
thi
s
gr
ou
p.
W
he
n
ho
st
A
se
nd
s
an
A
R
P
m
es
sa
ge
for
th
e
ga
te
w
ay
IP
ad
dr
es
s,
s
wi
tc
h
D
S
w
1
ret
ur
ns
th
e
ph
ys
ic
al
M
A
C
ad
dr
es
s
of
s
wi
tc
h
D
S
w
2.
7
R
ef
er
to
th
e
ex
hi
bit
.
Fr
o
m
th
e
sy
sl
og
ou
tp
ut,
w
ha
t
op
tio
n
is
se
t
on
th
e
sw
itc
h
se
nd
in
g
th
e
m
es
sa
ge
s?
Th
e
se
qu
en
ce
nu
m
be
r
is
se
t.
Th
e
ti
m
e
st
a
m
p
is
se
t
for
up
ti
m
e.
Th
e
lo
gg
in
g
se
ve
rit
y
le
ve
l
is
se
t
to
3.
Th
e
lo
gg
in
g
fa
cili
ty
nu
m
be
r
is
se
t
to
sy
s1
2.
8
R
ef
er
to
th
e
ex
hi
bit
.
Ba
se
d
on
th
e
ou
tp
ut,
ho
w
m
an
y
vir
tu
al
se
rv
er
s
ar
e
re
qu
ire
d?
ze
ro
on
e
tw
o
thr
ee
fo
ur
fiv
e
9
W
hi
ch
sy
sl
og
en
try
ha
s
a
se
ve
rit
y
co
de
th
at
in
di
ca
te
s
th
e
m
os
t
se
rio
us
sit
ua
tio
n?
M
ar
17
06
:0
3:
21
:
10
.1.
1.
1
%
S
Y
S6B
O
O
T
TI
M
E:
Ti
m
e
ta
ke
n
to
re
bo
ot
aft
er
rel
oa
d
=
55
19
32
se
co
nd
s
M
ar
17
06
:4
2:
20
:
10
.1.
1.
1
%
S
Y
S5C
O
N
FI
G
_I:
C
on
fig
ur
ed
fro
m
co
ns
ol
e
by
m
w
m
w
m
on
vt
y0
(1
92
.1
68
.2
54
.5)
M
ar
17
06
:4
2:
21
:
10
.1.
1.
1
%
C
D
P4D
U
P
L
E
X
_
MI
S
M
AT
C
H:
du
pl
ex
mi
s
m
at
ch
di
sc
ov
er
ed
on
Fa
st
Et
he
rn
et
0/
3
(n
ot
ha
lf
du
pl
ex
),
wi
th
N
A1.
30
.fo
o.
co
m
Fa
st
Et
he
rn
et
0/
24
(h
alf
du
pl
ex
).
M
ar
17
06
:4
2:
22
:
10
.1.
1.
1
%
LI
N
E
P
R
O
T
O5U
P
D
O
W
N:
Li
ne
pr
ot
oc
ol
on
Int
erf
ac
e
Fa
st
Et
he
rn
et
0/
3,
ch
an
ge
d
st
at
e
to
do
w
n
M
ar
17
06
:4
2:
22
:
10
.1.
1.
1
%
LI
N
K3U
P
D
O
W
N:
Int
erf
ac
e
Fa
st
Et
he
rn
et
0/
3,
ch
an
ge
d
st
at
e
to
do
w
n
M
ar
17
06
:4
3:
02
:
10
.1.
1.
1
%
LI
N
E
P
R
O
T
O5U
P
D
O
W
N:
Li
ne
pr
ot
oc
ol
on
Int
erf
ac
e
Fa
st
Et
he
rn
et
0/
3,
ch
an
ge
d
st
at
e
to
up
10 W
ha
t
is
co
ns
id
er
ed
a
be
st
pr
ac
tic
e
for
an
op
ti
m
al
re
du
nd
an
t
ne
tw
or
k?
Ac
ce
ss
s
wi
tc
he
s
sh
ou
ld
ha
ve
re
du
nd
an
t
co
nn
ec
tio
ns
to
re
du
nd
an
t
di
str
ib
uti
on
s
wi
tc
he
s.
Ac
ce
ss
s
wi
tc
he
s
sh
ou
ld
ha
ve
a
ba
ck
up
co
nn
ec
tio
n
to
at
le
as
t
on
e
co
re
de
vi
ce
D
ua
l
di
str
ib
uti
on
s
wi
tc
he
s
sh
ou
ld
co
nn
ec
t
in
di
vi
du
all
y
to
se
pa
rat
e
co
re
s
wi
tc
he
s.
Th
re
e
di
str
ib
uti
on
s
wi
tc
he
s
sh
ou
ld
be
im
pl
e
m
en
te
d
so
th
at
th
e
thi
rd
s
wi
tc
h
ca
n
ta
ke
th
e
rol
e
of
ac
tiv
e
or
st
an
db
y,
as
ne
ce
ss
ar
y.
11 W
hi
ch
tw
o
st
at
e
m
en
ts
ar
e
tru
e
ab
ou
t
th
e
H
ot
St
an
db
y
R
ou
ter
Pr
ot
oc
ol
(H
S
R
P)
?
(C
ho
os
e
tw
o.)
A
ro
ut
er
in
th
e
sp
ea
k
st
at
e
se
nd
s
pe
rio
di
c
he
llo
m
es
sa
ge
s
to
all
ro
ut
er
s
in
th
e
gr
ou
p
to
ac
qu
ire
a
vir
tu
al
IP
ad
dr
es
s.
A
ro
ut
er
in
th
e
sp
ea
k
st
at
e
se
nd
s
pe
rio
di
c
he
llo
m
es
sa
ge
s
an
d
ac
tiv
el
y
pa
rti
ci
pa
te
s
in
th
e
el
ec
tio
n
of
th
e
ac
tiv
e
or
st
an
db
y
ro
ut
er.
A
ro
ut
er
in
th
e
st
an
db
y
st
at
e
for
w
ar
ds
pa
ck
et
s
th
at
ar
e
se
nt
to
th
e
gr
ou
p
vir
tu
al
M
A
C
ad
dr
es
s.
Th
e
ro
ut
er
in
th
e
st
an
db
y
st
at
e
is
a
ca
nd
id
at
e
to
be
co
m
e
th
e
ne
xt
ac
tiv
e
ro
ut
er.
Th
e
ro
ut
er
th
at
is
no
t
th
e
st
an
db
y
or
ac
tiv
e
ro
ut
er
wil
l
re
m
ai
n
in
th
e
sp
ea
k
st
at
e.
12 W
ha
t
is
th
e
m
ai
n
pu
rp
os
e
of
im
pl
e
m
en
tin
g
Ci
sc
o
N
S
F?
to
co
nti
nu
e
for
w
ar
di
ng
IP
pa
ck
et
s
fol
lo
wi
ng
an
R
P
s
wi
tc
ho
ve
r
to
for
w
ar
d
all
S
T
P
up
da
te
s
to
all
s
wi
tc
he
s
in
th
e
ne
tw
or
k.
to
ke
ep
a
ba
ck
up
co
py
of
th
e
lat
es
t
M
A
C
ta
bl
e
in
th
e
ev
en
t
of
R
A
M
fai
lur
e.
to
m
ov
e
s
wi
tc
h
po
rts
th
at
ar
e
cu
rr
en
tly
in
bl
oc
ki
ng
m
od
e
to
for
w
ar
di
ng
m
od
e
wi
th
mi
ni
m
al
pa
ck
et
lo
ss
13 W
he
n
us
in
g
R
P
R,
w
ha
t
tw
o
ev
en
ts
ca
n
tri
gg
er
a
sw
itc
ho
ve
r
fro
m
th
e
ac
tiv
e
to
th
e
st
an
db
y
Su
pe
rvi
so
r
En
gi
ne
?
(C
ho
os
e
tw
o.)
cl
oc
k
sy
nc
hr
on
iz
ati
on
fai
lur
e
be
tw
ee
n
th
e
S
up
er
vi
so
r
E
ng
in
es
lo
ss
of
pa
ck
et
s
fro
m
th
e
ro
ot
bri
dg
e
an
R
P
or
S
P
cr
as
h
on
th
e
ac
tiv
e
S
up
er
vi
so
r
E
ng
in
e
fra
m
es
re
ce
iv
ed
on
a
po
rt
th
at
is
in
bl
oc
ki
ng
m
od
e
po
rt
fai
lur
e
14
R
ef
er
to
th
e
ex
hi
bit
.
W
hi
ch
st
at
e
m
en
t
is
co
rre
ct
ab
ou
t
th
e
ne
tw
or
k?
A
La
ye
r3
lin
k
sh
ou
ld
be
in
st
all
ed
be
tw
ee
n
th
e
tw
o
di
str
ib
uti
on
s
wi
tc
he
s
to
av
oi
d
un
ex
pe
ct
ed
tra
ffi
c
pa
th
s
an
d
m
ult
ipl
e
co
nv
er
ge
nc
e
ev
en
ts.
Th
e
ro
ot
bri
dg
e
an
d
H
S
R
P
ac
tiv
e
ro
ut
er
sh
ou
ld
be
tw
o
dif
fer
en
t
de
vi
ce
s.
A
La
ye
r2
ac
ce
ss
lin
k
is
re
qu
ire
d
be
tw
ee
n
th
e
tw
o
ac
ce
ss
s
wi
tc
he
s
to
en
su
re
op
ti
m
al
re
du
nd
an
cy.
A
thi
rd
di
str
ib
uti
on
s
wi
tc
h
sh
ou
ld
be
in
st
all
ed
to
cr
ea
te
re
du
nd
an
cy
in
th
e
ev
en
t
th
e
ro
ot
bri
dg
e
fai
ls.
15
R
ef
er
to
th
e
ex
hi
bit
.
W
ha
t
is
th
e
eff
ec
t
of
th
e
se
rv
er
fa
r
m
R
E
S
T
RI
C
T
E
D
co
m
m
an
d?
as
so
ci
at
es
th
e
pri
m
ar
y
se
rv
erf
ar
m
R
E
S
T
RI
C
T
E
D
_
H
T
T
Pt
o
th
e
vir
tu
al
se
rv
er
R
E
S
T
RI
C
T
E
D
en
ab
le
s
th
e
vir
tu
al
se
rv
er
R
E
S
T
RI
C
T
E
D
_
H
T
T
P
as
so
ci
at
es
th
e
pri
m
ar
y
se
rv
erf
ar
m
R
E
S
T
RI
C
T
E
D
to
th
e
vir
tu
al
se
rv
er
R
E
S
T
RI
C
T
E
D
_
H
T
T
P
en
ab
le
s
th
e
vir
tu
al
se
rv
er
R
E
S
T
RI
C
T
E
D
de
fin
es
th
e
vir
tu
al
se
rv
er
R
E
S
T
RI
C
T
E
D
de
fin
es
th
e
vir
tu
al
se
rv
er
R
E
S
T
RI
C
T
E
D
_
H
T
T
P
16 W
ha
t
S
N
M
P
att
rib
ut
e
pr
ov
id
es
th
e
be
st
se
cu
rit
y?
au
th
N
o
Pr
iv
au
th
Pr
iv
co
m
m
un
ity
str
in
g
no
A
ut
h
N
o
Pr
iv
S
N
M
Pv
2
17 W
ha
t
thr
ee
st
ep
s
wil
l
co
nfi
gu
re
Ci
sc
o
IO
S
se
rv
er
lo
ad
ba
la
nc
in
g
(S
LB
)
in
a
se
rv
er
far
m
th
at
is
in
a
da
ta
ce
nt
er
wit
h
re
al
se
rv
er
s?
(C
ho
os
e
thr
ee
.)
Gl
ob
all
y
en
ab
le
IO
S
S
L
B.
D
efi
ne
th
e
se
rv
er
far
m.
A
dd
a
tru
nk
lin
k
to
th
e
s
wi
tc
h
to
co
nn
ec
t
th
e
re
al
se
rv
er
s.
As
so
ci
at
e
th
e
re
al
se
rv
er
wi
th
th
e
se
rv
er
far
m.
D
efi
ne
th
e
vir
tu
al
IP
ad
dr
es
s.
E
na
bl
e
th
e
re
al
se
rv
er
an
d
de
fin
e
it
to
be
us
ed
for
th
e
se
rv
er
far
m.
18
ef
er
to
th
e
ex
hi
bit
.
W
hi
ch
fe
at
ur
e
do
es
a
S
N
M
P
m
an
ag
er
ne
ed
in
or
de
r
to
se
ta
pa
ra
m
et
er
on
sw
itc
h
A
C
S
W
1?
a
m
an
ag
er
us
in
g
an
S
N
M
P
str
in
g
of
K
44
p0
ut
a
m
an
ag
er
us
in
g
ho
st
17
2.
16
.1
28
.5
0
a
m
an
ag
er
us
in
g
S
N
M
Pv
1,
2,
or
2c
a
m
an
ag
er
us
in
g
au
th
Pr
iv
19
R
ef
er
to
th
e
ex
hi
bit
.
W
hi
ch
st
at
e
m
en
t
is
tru
e
ab
ou
t
be
st
pr
ac
tic
e
an
d
th
e
ex
hi
bit
ed
ne
tw
or
k
de
si
gn
?
Th
e
La
ye
r2
V
L
A
N
nu
m
be
r
sh
ou
ld
be
m
ap
pe
d
to
th
e
La
ye
r3
su
bn
et
for
ea
se
of
us
e
an
d
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t.
Th
e
H
S
R
P
ac
tiv
e
ro
ut
er
for
V
L
A
N
55
an
d
V
L
A
N
60
sh
ou
ld
be
th
e
sa
m
e
s
wi
tc
h.
A
La
ye
r2
ac
ce
ss
po
rt
sh
ou
ld
be
pl
ac
ed
be
tw
ee
n
th
e
ac
ce
ss
s
wi
tc
he
s.
Th
e
up
lin
k
be
tw
ee
n
th
e
ac
ce
ss
s
wi
tc
he
s
an
d
th
e
di
str
ib
uti
on
s
wi
tc
he
s
sh
ou
ld
be
tru
nk
lin
ks
.
20
R
ef
er
to
th
e
ex
hi
bit
.
W
ha
t
ac
tio
n
do
es
th
e
co
m
m
an
d
st
an
db
y
1
tr
ac
k
Se
ria
l0/
0/
0
on
ro
ut
er
R
1
pe
rfo
rm
?
It
lin
ks
th
e
de
fa
ult
ga
te
w
ay
vir
tu
al
ad
dr
es
s
19
2.
16
8.
21
.1
0
to
th
e
IP
ad
dr
es
s
19
2.
16
8.
31
.1
on
int
erf
ac
e
S
eri
al
0/
0/
0.
It
lin
ks
th
e
de
fa
ult
ga
te
w
ay
vir
tu
al
ad
dr
es
s
19
2.
16
8.
21
.1
0
to
th
e
IP
ad
dr
es
s
19
2.
16
8.
42
.2
on
int
erf
ac
e
S
eri
al
0/
0/
0.
It
tra
ck
s
th
e
st
at
e
of
th
e
Fa
0/
0
int
erf
ac
e
on
R
1
an
d
bri
ng
s
do
w
n
th
e
pri
ori
ty
of
st
an
db
y
gr
ou
p
1
if
th
e
int
erf
ac
e
go
es
do
w
n.
It
tra
ck
s
th
e
st
at
e
of
th
e
S
eri
al
0/
0/
0
int
erf
ac
e
on
R
1
an
d
bri
ng
s
do
w
n
th
e
pri
ori
ty
of
st
an
db
y
gr
ou
p
1
if
th
e
int
erf
ac
e
go
es
do
w
n.