Audio lingual Method

Based on Skinners Behaviorism theory, it assumed that a human being can

be trained using a system of reinforcement. Correct behavior receives
positive feedback, while errors receive negative feedback.
This approach to learning is similar to the Direct Method, in that the lesson
takes place entirely in the target language.
The Audio-lingual Method was widely used in the 1950s and 1960s, and the
emphasis was not on the understanding of words.
Characteristics:

Drills are used to teach structural patterns.

Set phrases are memorized with a focus on intonation.

Grammatical explanations are kept to a minimum.

Vocabulary is taught in context

Audio-visual aids are used

Focus is on pronunciation

Correct responses are positively reinforced immediately

Giorgio Shenker, who promoted guided self-learning with the Shenker method in
Italy, and Robin Callan, who created the Callan method.
The prime concern of American linguists in the early decades of the 20th century
had been to document all the indigenous languages spoken in the US.
However, because of the dearth of trained native teachers who would provide a
theoretical description of the native languages, linguists had to rely on observation.
For the same reason, a strong focus on oral language was developed.

The role of teacher in class is like an orchestra leader, directing and

controlling the language behavior of her/his students. She is also responsible
for providing her/his students with a good model for imitation.