Answers to

Selected Problems
Chapter 1
1.1
1.3
2.1
4.2
4.4
4.6

0.0173 yd; 0.104 yd (compared to a total of 5 yd)

5
7
6
19
1.5
1.9
1.11
9
12
7
28
1

2.4

2.7

1.15 1

e2


2.9 1


1
5
1
5
1
0
an = n1 0; Sn =
1 n ; Rn =
5
4
5
4
4 5n1



1
1
1
1
1
an = n 0; Sn =
0
1 n ; Rn =
3
2
3
2
2 3n
1
1
1
an =
0; Sn = 1
1; Rn =
0
n(n + 1)
n+1
n+1

5.2
5.6

Test further
Test further

6.5 b
6.18
6.26
6.36

D
D
C
D

6.7 D
6.20 C
6.29 D

6.9 C
6.22 C
6.31 D

6.10 C
6.23 D
6.32 D

6.14 D
6.24 D
6.35 C

7.1

7.2

7.4

7.6

7.8

9.2 D
9.10 D
9.20 C

5.4
5.8

9.3 C
9.12 C
9.21 C

D
Test further

9.7 D
9.13 C
9.22 (b) D

10.1 |x| < 1

10.5 All x
10.11 5 x < 5

10.3 |x| 1
10.9 |x| < 1
10.13 1 < x 1
1
3
10.17 2 < x 0
10.18 x
4
4
10.21 0 x 1
10.22 No x

10.25 n < x < n +

6
6
781

5.5
5.9

9.8 C
9.15 D

D
D

9.9 D
9.16 C

10.4 |x| 2
10.10 |x| 1
10.15 1 < x < 5
10.20 All x
10.24 |x| <

1
5
2

782

13.4
13.6
13.8
13.11
13.15

Answers to Selected Problems

Chapter 2

1/2

1/2 (1)n (2n 1)!!

=
1;
=
0
n
(2n)!!
 1/2 n+1
x
(see
Example
2)
n

0 1/2
2 n
(x ) (see Problem 13.4)
0
n

n n


(1) x
x2n+1
13.14
(2n + 1)!
2n + 1
0
0




 xn
 1/2
x2n+1
13.17 2
(1)n
n
2n + 1
n
0
odd n

13.21
13.22
13.25
13.27
13.28
13.29
13.34
13.35
13.41
13.44

x2 + 2x4 /3 + 17x6 /45

1 + 2x + 5x2 /2 + 8x3 /3 + 65x4 /24
1 x + x2 /3 x4 /45
1 + x + x2 /2 x4 /8 x5 /15
x x2 /2 + x3 /6 x5 /12
1 + x/2 3x2 /8 + 17x3 /48
x x2 + x3 13x4 /12 + 5x5 /4
1 + x2 /3! + 7x4 /(3 5!) + 31x6 /(3 7!)
e3 [1 + (x 3) + (x 3)2 /2! + (x 3)3 /3! ]
5 + (x 25)/10 (x 25)2 /103 + (x 25)3 /(5 104 )

14.8 For x < 0, error < 0.001; for x > 0, error < 0.002.
15.1
15.3
15.6
15.14
15.19
15.22
15.24
15.27
15.28
15.29
15.30
15.31

x4 /24 x5 /30
= 3.376 1016
5
7

x /15 2x /45 = 6.667 1017

12
15.8 1/2
15.10 1
15.12 1/3
3
t t3 , error < 106
15.17 cos(/2) = 0
2
15.20 (b) 5e
15.21 (b) 0.937548
(b) 1.202057
15.23 (a) 1/2
(c) 1/3
(a)
(d) 0
(f) 0
(a) 1 vc = 1.3 105 , or v = 0.999987c
(d) 1 vc = 1.3 1011
mc2 + 12 mv 2
x
x3
F
3x5
= + 3 + 5
(b)
W
l
2l
8l

4
1F
2
+7

(b) T =
1+
2
6
360
(a) nite
(b) innite

C
16.7 D
16.9 1 x < 1
4 < x < 4
16.13 5 < x 1
x2 /6 x4 /180 x6 /2835
1 x/2 + 3x2 /8 11x3 /48 + 19x4 /128
(x ) + (x )3 /3! (x )5 /5!
x 8 (x 8)2
5(x 8)3
16.20 2 +
5 2 +

12
2 3
28 34
16.26 1/3
16.28 1
16.31 (b) 2.66 1086 terms. For N = 15, 1.6905 < S < 1.6952

16.6
16.10
16.15
16.16
16.19

Chapter 2

Answers to Selected Problems

783

Chapter 2
x

4.1
4.2
4.3
4.5
4.7
4.9
4.11
4.14
4.15
4.17
4.20

1
1
1
0
1
2

3
2
1
1
2.39

1
1
3
2
0
2
1

2
0
1
6.58

2
2
2
2
1
2 2
2
2
1

2
7

5.2
5.4
5.6
5.8
5.10
5.12
5.14
5.16
5.17
5.18

1/2
0
1
1.6
25/17
2.65
1.27
1.53
7.35
0.94

1/2
2
0
2.7
19/17
1.41
2.5
1.29
10.9
0.36

1/ 2
2
1
3.14

58/17
3
2.8
2
13.1
1

/4
3/4
/3
/2

3/4
/6
/4
or
/4
110
= 1.92 radians

See Fig. 5.1

See Fig. 9.6
See Fig. 5.2
See Fig. 9.2
See Fig. 9.1
See Fig. 9.2
See Fig. 9.5

3/4 or 5/4
/2

59.3
142.8
28
1.1 radians = 63
40
124
201 or 159

5.19
5.21
5.23
5.26
5.32
5.36
5.42
5.45
5.46
5.49
5.53
5.55
5.56
5.57
5.60
5.62
5.63
5.68

(2 + 3i)/13; (x yi)/(x2 + y 2 )
(1 + i)/6; (x + 1 yi)/[(x + 1)2 + y 2 ]
(6 3i)/5; (1 x2 y 2 + 2yi)/[(1 x)2 + y 2 ]
1
5.30 3/2
5.31 1
169
5.34 1
5.35 x = 4, y = 3
x = 1/2, y = 3
5.39 x = y = any real number
x = 1/7, y = 10/7
5.43 (x, y) = (0, 0), or (1, 1), or (1, 1)
x = 0, any real y; or y = 0, any real x
y = x
5.48 x = 36/13, y = 2/13
y = 0, x = 1/2
Circle (Find center and radius)
Straight line (What is its equation?)
Part of a straight line (Describe it.)
Hyperbola (What is its equation?)
Circle (Find center and radius)
Ellipse (Find its equation; where are the foci?)
Two straight lines (What lines?)
v = 2, a = 4

6.2
6.5

D
D

6.3 C
6.10 C

6.4 D
6.12 C

784

Answers to Selected Problems

7.1 All z
7.7 All z
7.14 |z 2i| < 1

Chapter 2

7.3 All z
7.6 |z| < 1/3
7.10 |z| < 1
7.12
|z| < 4

7.16 |z + (i 3)| < 1/ 2

8.3

See Problem 17.30

9.3
9.7
9.11
9.17
9.21
9.29
9.35

9i
3e2
1 i
(1 + i)/4
1
1
21

10.3
10.7
10.9
10.16
10.17
10.18
10.22
10.24
10.25

12.25
12.26
12.28
12.30
12.33

1,
10.4 2, 2i
i
2, i 2, 1 i
1, 0.309
0.951i, 0.809 0.588i
i, ( 3 i)/2
1, 0.809 0.588i, 0.309 0.951i

10.21 ( 3 + i)
(1
+ i)/ 2
n: 1 + i, 1.366 + 0.366i, 0.366 1.366i
r = 2, = 45 + 120
( 3 + i)/2, (1 i 3)/2, (0.259 + 0966i), (0.966 0.259i)
0.758(1 + i), 0.487 + 0.955i, 1.059 0.168i, 0.168 1.059i,
0.955 0.487i

11.5 1 + i
11.8 41/9
11.9 4i/3
3(1 i)/ 2

sin x cosh y i cos x sinh y, sin2 x + sinh2 y
cosh 2 cos 3 i sinh 2 sin 3 = 3.72 0.51i, 3.76
tanh 1 = 0.762
i
12.32 4i/3
i tanh 1 = 0.762i
12.35 cosh 2 = 3.76

14.2
14.5
14.8
14.11
14.14
14.18
14.23

i/2 or 3i/2
14.3
Ln 2 + 5i/4
14.6

1, (1 i 3)/2
14.10
cos(Ln 2) + i sin(Ln 2) = 0.769 + 0.639i
0.3198i 0.2657
14.15
1
14.20
e/2 = 4.81

15.2
15.4
15.8
15.12
15.15

15.3
15.5
15.9
15.14

11.3

9.4
9.8
9.13
9.19
9.24
9.32
9.38

e(1
+ i 3)/2
3+i
4 + 4i
16
4i
3e2
1/ 2

/2 + n + (i Ln 3)/2
i(2n + /6), i(2n + 5/6)
/2 + 2n i Ln 3
i(2n /6)
n + 3/8 + (i/4) Ln 2

a circle
16.3 |z| = 2; motion around
constant acceleration a = 2.

9.6
9.10
9.14
9.20
9.26
9.34

1
2
64
i

(1 + i 3)/2
4/e

Ln 2 + i/6
i/4 or 7i/4
2
e /4
e sinh 1 = 0.0249
1

i(/3 + 2n)

[/2 + 2n i Ln(3 + 8)]

i(/3 + n)
2n + i Ln 2, (2n + 1) i Ln 2

of radius

2, at constant speed v = 2,

Chapter 3

Answers to Selected Problems

785

16.5 v = |z1 z2 |; a = 0
16.6 (a) Series: 3 2i;
parallel: 5 + i
(b) Series: 2(1 + i 3 ); parallel: i 3
16.8 [R i(CR2 + 3 L2 C L)]/[(CR)2 + ( 2 LC 1)2 ]; this simplies to
L/(RC) atresonance.
16.9 (b) = 1/ LC
16.12 (1 + r4 2r2 cos )1

17.2 ( 3 + i)/2
17.4 i cosh 1 = 1.54i
2
17.6 e = 5.17 105
17.7 e/2 = 4.81
17.9 /2 2n
17.11 i
17.13 x = 0, y = 4
17.15 |z| < 1/e
2
17.26 1
17.27 (c) e2(xt)
2
2
17.28 1 + (a2 + b2 )2 (2ab)
sinh b
  n/2 n 
x
17.30 e cos x =  n=0  2 x /n! cos n/4
n/2 n
ex sin x =
x /n! sin n/4
n=0 2

Chapter 3



1 0 12 21
2.4
, x = 12 (z + 1), y = 1
0 1
0 1

1 1 0 11
0 1
7, x = y 11, z = 7
2.8 0
0
0 0
0

1 0
1 0
2.9 0 1 1 0 , inconsistent, no solution
0 0
0 1

1 0 0 2
1 , x = 2, y = 1, z = 1
2.12 0 1 0
0 0 1
1
2.17 R = 2
3.1 11
3.5 544
3.12 16
3.16 A = (K + ik)/(K ik), |A| = 1

4.14 (a) arc cos(1/3) = 70.5

4.12 arc cos(1/ 2) = 3/4

4.14 (c) arc cos 2/3 = 35.3

4.15 (b) 8i 4j + 8k
4.18 2i 8j 3k
4.19 i + j + k
4.22 Law of cosines
4.24 A2 B 2
5.1

5.4
5.6
5.8
5.9

r = (2i 3j) + (4i + 3j)t [Note that 2i 3j may be replaced by any point
on the line; 4i + 3j may be replaced by any vector along the line. Thus, for
example, r = 6i (8i + 6j)t is just as good an answer, and similarly for all
such problems.]
r = i + (2i + j)t
(x 1)/1 = (y + 1)/(2) = (z + 5)/2, or r = i j 5k + (i 2j + 2k)t
x/3 = (z 4)/(5), y = 2; or r = 2j + 4k + (3i 5k)t
x = 1, z = 7; or r = i + 7 k + j t

786
5.11
5.12
5.14
5.18
5.21
5.22
5.24
5.25
5.29
5.34
5.39
5.42
6.2

6.4

6.13
6.19
6.22
6.30

7.1
7.8
7.14
7.22
7.26

Answers to Selected Problems

Chapter 3

(x 4)/1 = (z 3)/(2), y = 1; or r = 4i j + 3k + (i 2k)t

(x 5)/5 = (y + 4)/(2) = (z 2)/1; or r = 5i 4j + 2k + (5i 2j + k)t
36x 3y 22z = 23
5.16 5x 2y + z = 35
x + 6y + 7z +5 = 0
5.20 x 4y z + 5 = 0
= 49.3
cos = 25/(7
30 ) = 0.652,

cos = 2/ 6, = 35.3

r = 2i + j + (j + 2k)t, d = 2 6/5
 
r = i 2j + (4i + 9j k)t, d = 3 3 /7


5.31 5/7
5.33
43/15
2/ 6


11/10
5.36 3
5.38 arc cos 21/22 = 12.3
Intersect
at (3, 2, 0); cos = 5/ 60, = 49.8

1/ 5
5.43 20/ 21
5.45 d = 2, t = 1









2 2
6 17
1 1
AB =
, BA =
, A + B =
,
1
2
2 6
1
5









9 25
1 4
3 9
, B2 =
, 5A =
AB =
, A2 =
5
14
0 4
1
1






10 25
3 12
, 3B =
, det(5A) = 52 det A for a 2 2 matrix
5
15
0 6
You should have foundBA, C2 ,
CB, C3 , C2 B,
and CBA; all others
are
32 12
36 46 14 36
7, CBA = 40 22 1
91
meaningless. C2 B = 53
13 9
8 2 1 29


4
5
8
1
5/3 3
6.15 2 2 2
1
2
2
2
3
4



1
1 2
A1 =
, (x, y) = (5, 0)
3 1
7

4
4 0
1
7 1 3 , (x, y, z) = (1, 1, 2)
A1 =
12
1 5 3






0
sin k
cos k
0
sin kA = A sin k =
, cos kA = I cos k =
,
sink
0
0
cos k





cosh k sinh k
cos k i sin k
ekA =
, eikA =
sinh k cosh k
i sin k cos k

Not linear
7.4 Linear
7.6 Not linear
Not linear
7.11 Not linear
7.12 Linear
Not linear
7.15 Linear
D = 1, rotation = 45
7.24 D = 1, reection line x + y = 0
D =
1, reection
line
x
=
2y

0 1 0
1 0
0
7.30 R = 1
0 0 , S = 0 0 1 ,
0
0 1
0 1
0
R is a 90 rotation about the z axis, S is a 90 rotation about the x axis.
7.32 180 rotation about i k
7.35 Reection through the (x, y) plane and 90 rotation about the z axis.

Chapter 3

8.1
8.3
8.19
8.23
8.25
8.26

9.4
9.14

Answers to Selected Problems

787

In terms of basis u = 19 (9, 0, 7), v = 19 (0, 9, 13), the vectors are: u 4v,
5u 2v, 2u + v, 3u + 6v.
Basis i, j, k
8.6 V = 3A B
x=y=z=w=0
8.20 x = z, y = z
For = 3, x = 2y; for = 8, x = 2y
For = 2: x = 0, y = 3z; for = 3: x = 5y, z = 3y;
for = 4: z = 3y, x = 2y
r = (3, 1, 0) + (1, 1, 1)z

0 0
2
0 i 3
1
i
A = 2i 2 0, A1 = 0 3
6
6 6i 2
1 0 0
CT BAT , C1 M1 C, H

10.1 (b) d = 8
10.2 The number of basis vectors given is the dimension of the space. We list one
possible basis; other bases consist of the same number of independent linear
combinations of the vectors given.
(b) (1, 0, 0, 5, 0, 1), (0, 1, 0, 0, 6, 4), (0, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0)

10.3 (a) Label thevectors A, B, C, D.

 Then cos(A, B) = 1/ 15,
cos(A, C) = 2/3, cos(B, D) = 17/690.

10.4 (b) e1 = (0, 0, 0, 1), e

2 = (1, 0, 0, 0), e3 = (0, 1, 1, 0)/ 2

10.5 (b) A = 7, B = 60, |Inner product of A and B| = 5

11.5

=1.1 =

63.4 

1
x
1 3
x
11.11
=
, not orthogonal
y
y
5 1 2
In the following answers, for each eigenvalue, the components of a corresponding
eigenvector are listed in parentheses.
11.12
4
(1, 1)
11.15
1
(0, 0, 1)
1
(3, 2)
1
(1, 1, 0)
5
(1, 1, 0)
11.18
4
(2, 1, 3)
11.20
3
(0, 1, 2)
2
(0, 3, 1)
4
(1, 2, 1)
3
(5, 1, 3)
2
(5, 2, 1)
11.22 4
(4, 1, 1)
5
(1, 2, 2)
2
(0, 1, 1)
11.23 18
(2, 2, 1) The two eigenvectors corresponding to the eigenvalue 9
9
(1, 1, 0) may be any two vectors orthogonal to (2, 2, 1) and or9
(1, 1, 4)
thogonal to each other.






1
3 0
1 1
11.26 4
(1, 1, 1)
11.27 D =
,C=
0 1
2 1 1
1
(1, 1, 0)
1
(1, 1, 2)












1 1 2
1 1 1
11 0
5 0
11.29 D =
,C=
11.31 D =
,C=
0 1
2
1
0 1
1
2 1

5 
1 1 i
11.41 = 1, 3; U =
2 i 1

788

11.44
11.52
11.53
11.56
11.58
11.59
12.2
12.6
12.15
12.17
12.19
12.22

Answers to Selected Problems

Chapter 3


1
5
3 4i
= 3, 7; U =
5
5 2 3 4i

60 rotation about i 2 + k and reection through the plane z = x 2

180 rotation about i + j + k
45 rotation


about10j k
1
2 2 610
1+46
M10 =
4 +
610
5
2 2 610
cosh 1 sinh 1
eM = e3
sinh 1 cosh 1

3x 2y
24
12.3 10x = 35
=
2
2
2
3x + 3 y 
3 z = 12

3k/m; x = 2y with = 
8k/m
y = 2x with = 
x = 2y with = 2k/m; 3x = 2y with =
 2k/(3m)
y = x with = 3k/m; y = 2x with = 3k/(2m)
y = x with = 2k/m; y = 3x with = 2k/(3m)
2

13.6 The cyclic group

13.11 The
four matrices
group
of the


of the symmetry




rectangle
 are:
1 0
1 0
1
0
1
0
I=
,P=
,
= P,
= I
0 1
0 1
0 1
0 1
This group is isomorphic to the 4s group.
13.21 SO(2) is Abelian; SO(3) is not Abelian.
14.3 x, cos x, x cos x, ex cos x
14.6 Not a vector space

14.5 1, x + x3 , x2 , x4 , x5
14.8 1, x2 , x4 , x6

15.3 (a) (x 4)/1 = (y + 1)/(2) = (z 2)/(2); or r = (4, 1, 2) + (1, 2, 2)t

(b) x
5y + 3z = 0
(c) 5/7
(d) 5 2/3 = 2.36
(e) arc sin 19/21 = 64.8
15.5 (a) y = 7, (x 2)/3 = (z + 1)/4; or r = (2, 7, 1) + (3,0, 4)t

(b) x 4y 9z = 0
(c) arc sin( 33
70 2 ) = 41.8

(d) 12/ 98 = 1.21

(e) 29 /5 = 1.08
15.7 You should have found all except AT BT , BAT , ABC, ABT C, B1 C, and
CBT , which are meaningless.


2
2
0 i
T
1

1 3i
1 ,
B AC =
C A=
1 1
1

5i
1


1
1
1
(n 1)d
= (n 1)
15.9

+
f
nR1 R2
 R1 R 2

1 
15.13 Area = 2 P Q P R = 7/2
15.14 x = x, y  = y, 180 rotation
15.15 x = y, y  = x; 90 rotation of vectors
15.18
1
(1, 1)
15.20
2
(0, 1)
15.22 1
(1, 0, 1)
15.24
4
(0, 1, 0)
5
(1, 0, 1)

2
2
2
15.29
15.27 3x y  5z  = 15, d = 5

or 90 rotation of axes
1
(1, 1)
9
(1, 1)
2
(0, 4, 3)
7
(5, 3, 4)
3
(5, 3, 4)
3x + 6y  4z  = 54, d = 3
2

Chapter 4

Answers to Selected Problems

789

Chapter 4
1.1
1.3
1.4
1.7
1.13
1.19
1.8
1.14
1.20
1.22

u/x = 2xy 2 /(x2 + y 2 )2 , u/y = 2x2 y/(x2 + y 2 )2

z/u = u/(u2 + v 2 + w2 )
At (0, 0), both = 0; at (2/3, 2/3), both = 4
1.11
2x
1.9 2x(1 + 2 tan2 )
2
4r tan
1.15 r2 sin 2
1.17
1.23
0
1.21 4x csc2
4
3
2r /x
1.10 2y + 4y 3 /x2
1.12
2
2
2

2y sec tan
1.16 2r tan
1.18
2
2
2
4x(tan sec )(tan + sec )
8r3 /x3
1.24 8y 3 /x3

2.1
2.3
2.5
2.8

y + y 3 /6 x2 y/2 + x4 y/24 x2 y 3 /12 + y 5 /120

x x2 /2 xy + x3 /3 + x2 y/2 + xy 2
1 + xy/2 x2 y 2 /8 + x3 y 3 /16 5x4 y 4 /128
ex cos y = 1 + x + (x2 y 2 )/2 + (x3 3xy 2 )/6

4.2 2.5 1013

4.8 5%
4.15 8 1023
5.1
5.7

4.4 12.2
4.10 4.28 nt

ey sinh t + z sin t
(1 2b e2a ) cos(a b)

6.2 y  = 1, y  = 0
6.5 2x + 11y 24 = 0
6.10 x + y = 0

2y
4r
2r sin 2
2y sec2
2ry 4 /(r2 y 2 )2

4.6 9%
4.11 3.95
5.3

2r(q 2 p2 )

6.3 y  = 4(ln 2 1)/(2 ln 2 1)

6.6 1800/113
6.11 y  = 4

dx/dy = z y + tan(y + z), d2 x/dy 2 = 12 sec3 (y + z) + 12 sec(y + z) 2

w/u = 2(rv + s)w, w/v = 2(ru + 2s)w
(y/)r = x, (y/)x = r2 /x, (/y)x = x/r2
x/s = 19/13, x/t = 21/13, y/s = 24/13, y/t = 6/13
x/s = 1/6, x/t = 13/6, y/s = 7/6, y/t = 11/6
(p/q)m = p/q, (p/q)a = 1/(a cos p 1),
(p/q)b = 1 b sin q, (b/a)p = (sin p)(b sin q 1)/ cos q,
(a/q)m = [q + p(a cos p 1)]/(q sin p)
7.15 (x/u)v = (2yv 2 x2 )/(2yv + 2xu), (x/u)y = (x2 u + y 2 v)/(y 2 2xu2 )
7.17 (p/s)t = 9/7, (p/s)q = 3/2
7.19 (x/z)s = 7/2, (x/z)r = 4, (x/z)y = 3

7.1
7.4
7.7
7.8
7.10
7.13

8.3
8.8
8.9
8.13

(1, 2) is a minimum point

8.4
= /3; bend up 8 cm on each side
l = w = 2h
8.11
(4/3, 5/3)
8.16

9.4
9.2 r : l : s = 5 : (1 + 5 ) : 3
9.6 V = 1/3
9.8
9.12 Let legs
of right triangle be a and b,
h = (2 2 )a.

(1, 2) is a saddle point

= 30 , x = y 3 = z/2
m = 5/2, b = 1/3

4/ 3 by 6/ 3 by 10/ 3
(8/13, 12/13)
height of prism = h; then a = b,

790

Answers to Selected Problems

Chapter 5

10.2 4, 2
10.4
10.6 d = 2
10.7
10.10 (a) max T = 12 , min T = 21
10.12
(b) max T = 1, min T = 21
1
(c) max T = 1, min T = 2
10.13 Largest sum = 3 arc sin(1/ 3) = 105.8,

11.6 d2 y/dz 2 + dy/dz 5y = 0

11.1 z = f (y + 2x) + g(y + 3x)

11.11 H = pq L
12.1
12.3
12.4
12.7
12.10
12.12
12.14
13.2
13.4
13.5
13.9
13.10
13.13
13.14
13.18
13.23
13.29

d
=1
1
2 11
Largest sum = 180

Smallest sum = 3 arc cos(1/ 3)

= 164.2
smallest sum = 90

1 1/2
2x

sin x
dz/dx = sin(cos x) tan x sin(sin x) cot x
1
2 sin 2
(u/x)y = e4 , (u/y)x = e4 / ln 2, (y/x)u = ln 2
dy/dx = (ex 1)/x
(2x + 1)/ ln(x + x2 ) 2/ ln(2x)
/(4y 3 )

(a) and (b) d = 4/ 13

csc cot
6x, 2x2 tan sec2 , 4x tan sec2
dz/dt = 1 + (t/z)(2 x y), z = 0
[x ln x (y 2 /x)]xy where x = r cos , y = r sin
1
(w/x)
y = (f /x)s, t + 2(f /s)x, t + 2(f /t)x, s = f1 + 2f2 + 2f3

26/3
13.21 T (2) = 4, T (5) = 5
t cot t
13.25 ex /x
dt = 3.9

Chapter 5
2.1
2.11
2.21
2.31
2.41

3
36
131/6
6
5

2.3
2.13
2.23
2.33
2.43

4
7/4
9/8
16/3
9/2

2.5
2.15
2.25
2.36
2.45

1 2
4e

5
12

3/2
3/2
1/6
46k/15

2.7
2.17
2.27
2.37
2.47

5/3
1
2 ln 2
32/5
7/6
16/3

2.9
2.19
2.29
2.39
2.49

6
32
2
70
1/3

(c) M l2 /3
(b) M l2 /12
(a) M = 140
(b) x
= 130/21
(c) Im = 6.92M
(d) I = 150M/7
(b) M a2 /12
(c) 2M a2 /3
3.5 (a) M a2 /3
3.7 (a) M = 9
(b) (
x, y) = (2, 4/3)
(c) Ix = 2M , Iy = 9M/2 (d) Im = 13M/18
3.9 (a) 1/6
(b) (1/4, 1/4, 1/4)
(c) M = 1/24, z = 2/5

3.11 (a) M = (5 5 1)/6 =

1.7
(b) x
= 0, y = (313 + 15 5 )/620 = 0.56
3.14 V = 2 2 a2 b, A = 4 2 ab, where a = radius of revolving circle, and b =
distance to axis from center of this circle.
x, y) = (0, 2r/)
3.15 For area, (
x, y) = (0, 43 r/), for arc, (
3.2
3.3

Chapter 6

3.18
3.20
3.21
3.23
3.25
3.26

Answers to Selected Problems

s = [3 2 + ln(1 + 2 )]/2
13/3

y = 13/6, s as in Problem 3.18

s
x = [51 2 ln(1 + 2 )]/32, s
(149/130, 0, 0)
I/M has the same numerical value as x
in Problem 3.21
2M/3
3.27 149M/130
3.29 2
3.30 32/5

(c) I = M a2 /4
(e) x = y = 2a/
(b) x
= y = 43 a/
4
(c) y = 3 a/
(d) Ix = M a2 /4, Iy = 5M a2 /4, Iz = 3M a2 /2
(e) y = 2a/
= 48M a2/175, Iy = 288M a2 /175, Iz = 48M a2/25
(f) x = 6a/5, Ix
2
1
(g) A = ( 3 2 3 )a2
4.4 (b) (0, 0, a/2)
(c) 2M a2 /3
(e) (0, 0, 3a/8)
4.5 7/3
4.11 12
4.12 (c) M = (16/9)(3 4) = 9.64

4.1
4.2

4.14
4.22
4.27
5.1
5.5
5.8
5.12
5.16
6.2
6.4
6.7
6.10
6.12
6.15
6.18
6.19
6.21
6.26

I = (128/152)(15 26) = 12.02 = 1.25M

4.16 u2 + v 2
4.19 /4
(1 e1 )/4
2 1/2
4.24 Ga/2
4.26 (a) 75 M a2
12(1 + 36 )
2ah (where h = distance between parallel planes)

9
5.3 (373/2 1)/6
5 30
8for each nappe
5.6 4

3
9
6
+
ln(
2
+
3
)
5.9
2
16
16
1
1 1 1
M = 6 3, (
x, y, z) = ( 2 , 4 , 4 )
5.14 M = 12 43

x = 0, y = 1, z = [32/(9)] 2/5 = 0.716

6.3 15/8
45(2 + 2 )/112

(a) 12 M
R2
(b) 32 M R2
6.6 (a) (4 3 3 )/6
(8 3 3 )(4 3 3 )1 M
6.8 (b) 27/20
(a) (
x, y) = (/2, /8)
6.10 (c) 3M/8
6.14 16a3 /3
(abc)2 /6
8
7
Ix = 15
M a2 , Iy = 15
M a2
6.16 x = y = 2a/5
(0, 0, 5h/6)
2
2
2
Ix = Iy = 20M
h /21, Iz = 10M h /21, Im = 65M h /252
Gh(2 2 )
6.24 (0, 0, 2c/3)
1
6.27 e2 e 1
2 sinh 1

Chapter 6
3.1
3.3
3.6

3.7

(A B)C = 6C, (A B) C = A (B C) = 8,
A (B C) = 4(i + 2k)
5

v = (2/ 6 )(A B) = (2/ 6 )(i 7j 3k),

r F = (A C) B = 3i + 3j k,

n (r F) = [(A C) B] C/|C| = 8/ 26
(a) 11i + 3j 13k,
(b) 3,
(c) 17

791

792
3.9
3.15
3.17
3.19
3.20
4.2

4.5
4.8

Answers to Selected Problems

Chapter 6

9i 23j + k, 1/ 21
u1 u = u3 u, n1 u1 u = n2 u2 u
a = ( r) 2 r; for r , a = 2 r, |a| = v 2 /r.
(a) 16i 2j 5k
(b) 8/ 6
(b) 12
(a) t = 2

(b) v = 4i 2j + 6k, |v| = 2 14

(c) (x 4)/4
+ 4)/(2) = (z 8)/6, 2x y + 3z = 36
= (y
2
|dr/dt| = 2; |d r/dt2 | = 1; path is a helix.
dr/dt = er (dr/dt) + e (r d/dt);
d2 r/dt2 = er [d2 r/dt2 r(d/dt)2 ] + e [r d2 /dt2 + 2(dr/dt)(d/dt)]

i
e/(3 5 )
6x + 8y z = 25, (x 3)/6 = (y
4)/8 = (z 25)/(1)
(a) 2i 2j k
(b) 5/ 6
(c) r
= (1, 1, 1) + (2, 2, 1)t

6.12 (a) 2 5, 2i + j
(b)
3i
+
2j
(c)
10

6.14 (b) Down, at the rate 11 2

6.19 j
6.17 er

6.2
6.4
6.6
6.9

7.1
7.2
7.4
7.6
7.7
7.10
7.13
7.16

r = 3, r = 0
r = 2, r = 0
V = 0, V = (i + j + k)
V = 5xy, V = ixz jyz + k(y 2 x2 )
V = 0, V = ix jy kx cos y
0
7.11 (x2 + y 2 )/(x2 y 2 )3/2
2xy
7.14 0
7.19 2/r
2(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )1

8.1
8.3
8.7
8.9
8.14

11/3
(a) 5/3 (b) 1 (c) 2/3
(b) 0 (d) 2
3xy x3 yz z 2
arc sin xy

9.2
9.8

40
24

9.4 3/2
9.10 20

8.2
8.4
8.8
8.11
8.18

(a) 4 (b) 16 (c) 8

(a) 3 (b) 8/3
yz x
y sin2 x
(a) + 2 /2 (b) 2 /2
9.7 ab
9.11 2

10.4 36
10.5 4 52
10.7 48

r R1 ;
0,
10.12 = (k/20 ) ln(R1 /r),
R1 r R2 ;

(k/20 ) ln(R1 /R2 ), r R2 .

10.2 3

11.2
11.5
11.10
11.18
11.20

10.9 16

11.3 0
11.4 12
2ab2
36
11.6 45
11.7 0
6
11.12 18
11.15 2 2
A = (xz yz 2 y 2 /2)i + (x2 /2 x2 z + yz 2 /2 yz)j + u, any u
A = i sin zx + j cos zx + kezy + u, any u

Chapter 7

Answers to Selected Problems

12.1 (sin cos )C

12.7 (a) 9i + 5j 3k
(b) 29/3
12.9
12.11 (a) grad = 3yi 3xj + 2zk
(c) 2x + y 2z + 2 = 0, r = (1, 2, 3) + (2, 1, 2)t
12.13 (a) 6i j 4k
(b) 531/2 (6i j 4k)
1/2
(d) 53
(e) 531/2
12.18 Not conservative
(a) 1/2
12.21 4
12.23 192
12.25
12.27 4
12.29 10
12.31

793

24
(b) 3
(c) same as (a)
(b) 4/3
18
29/3

Chapter 7
Amplitude

Period

Frequency

Velocity
Amplitude

2.2

/2

2/

2.3

1/2

1/2

/2

6 cos(/8)
= 5.54

1/

12 cos(/8)
= 11.1

2.8

1/(4)

2.10

1/

1/60

60

2.6

s = 6 cos(/8) sin(2t)

2.11

q
I

2.13
2.16
2.19
2.21
2.23
2.25

360
1/60

A = maximum value of , = g/l
t
= 4.91
= 281
A = 1, T = 4, f = 1/4, v = 1/4, = 1
y = 20 sin 12 (x 6t), y/t = 60 cos 12 (x 6t)
y = sin 880((x/350) t)
y = 10 sin[(x 3 108 t)/250]

3.6

sin(2x + 13 )

4.5 1 +
4.11 1/2

1
2

4.6 2/
4.14 (a) 2/3

60

4.8 0
4.15 (a) 3/2

(b)

/2

/2

6.2

1/2

1/2

1/2

1/2

6.4

6.6

1/2

1/2

1/2

1/2

1/2

1/2

1/2

6.8

1 12

1 + 12

6.10

/2

/2

794

7.1

7.2

7.7

Answers to Selected Problems

Chapter 7

i  1 inx
1
+
e
2 n
odd
 n
1
1
f (x) = +
(1 i)eix + (1 + i)eix i(e2ix e2ix )
4 2

1 + i 3ix 1 i 3ix 1 i 5ix 1 + i 5ix
e
e
e +
e

3 
3
5
5



i

1
i
+
einx +
einx
f (x) =
2
4
n
2n
2n

f (x) =

odd n
ix

7.11 f (x) =

e
1
+

e
4i

ix

even n=0

even n=0
inx

e
n2 1




1
3x 1
5x
1
x 1
cos
+ cos

8.2
f (x) = +
cos
4
l
3
l
5
l



1
2x 1
3x 1
5x 2
6x
x 2
+
+ sin
+ sin
+ sin
+ sin

sin

l
2
l
3
l
5
l
6
l
1
41
nx
8.6 f (x) = +
sin
(n = 2, 6, 10, )
2
n
l

2
n


(1)
8.11 (a) f (x) =
+4
cos nx
3
n2
1




1
i
4 2
+2
+
(b) f (x) =
einx , n = 0
2
3
n
n

8  n(1)n+1
8.14 (a) f (x) =
sin 2nx
1 4n2 1

4  cos 2nx
2
2
1
=

e2inx
(b) f (x) =

1 4n2 1
4n2 1

8.20

9.2
9.5

1
1  (1)n+1
sin 2nx
cos
2nx
+
n2
2 1
n
odd
n=1


2
9
1
1
4x
8x
2x
f (x) = 2 cos
+ 2 cos
+ 2 cos
+
3 8
3
2
3
4
3




3 3
2x
3 3
4x
1
1

sin
+
sin
+

2
2
8

3
32
2
3


6x
3 3
8x
1
1
sin

sin

3
3
128 2 4
3

8.19 f (x) =

1
1

8 2

ln |1 x2 | + 12 ln |(1 x)/(1 + x)|

4  1
sin nx
f (x) =

n
(a)

1
2

odd n=1

Chapter 7

9.19

fc (x) = fp (x) =

4  (1)n cos 2nx

2

1
4n2 1

2
sin x + sin 3x + 13 sin 5x +

4  (1)n
1
fc (x) = + 2
cos nx
3 1
n2

fs (x) =
9.20

fs (x) =

795

Answers to Selected Problems

8
2  (1)n+1
sin nx 3
1
n

1
3

sin 7x +

odd n=1

1
5

sin 9x +

1
5

sin 11x

1
sin nx
n3

1  1
1
11
sin 2nx
cos
2nx

fp (x) = + 2
3 1 n2
1 n



3x 1
5x
20
x 1
9.22 fc (x) = 15
cos
+ cos

cos

20
3
20
5
20



2x 3
3x 3
5x 2
6x
20
x 2
fs (x) =
sin
+ sin
+ sin
sin

3 sin

20
2
20
3
20
5
20
6
20

nx
20  1
fp (x) = 15
sin

n
10


odd n=1
1
1
3x
5x
x
8h
2 sin
+ 2 sin

9.23 f (x, 0) = 2 sin

l
3
l
5
l
1
1
10.1 Relative intensities = 1 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 25
: 0 : 49
:0:0:0
1
1
25
1
1
: 0 : 81
:1
10.3 Relative intensities = 1 : 25 : 9 : 0 : 25 : 9 : 49




5
5
1
cos 120nt + sin 120t
10.5 I(t) =
12

n2 1
2
even n=2


1
400
cos 120nt
10.6 V (t) = 50 2

n2

odd n=1

20  (1)n
sin 120nt
10.7 I(t) =
1
n

100  1
200  1
sin 120nt
cos
120nt

10.10 V (t) = 75 2

n2
1 n
odd n=1

Relative intensities = 1.4 : 0.25 : 0.12 : 0.06 : 0.04

11.5 2 /8

11.7 2 /6


2 1 cos
12.2 fs (x) =
sin x d

 0
sin sin(/2) ix
e d
12.4 f (x) =


sin cos ix
e d
12.6 f (x) =
i2


(i + 1)ei 1 ix
e d
12.8 f (x) =
22

11.9

1
2

16 2

796

Answers to Selected Problems

Chapter 8

a sin a ix
e d
i2

1 cos(/2) ix
f (x) =
e d
1 2

sin sin(/2)
2
cos x d
fc (x) =
0

cos(/2)
2
fc (x) =
cos x d
0
1 2
2 sin cos
sin x d
fs (x) =
0
2
4 a sin a
fs (x) =
sin x d
0
2
2 2
g() = (2)1/2
e /2

1 + ei ix
1
(a) f (x) =
e d
2 1 2

cos 3 sin
4
cos x d
(a) fc (x) =
0


sin 3 sin
4
(b) fs (x) =
sin x d
0

1 cos 2
1
cos x d
(a) fc (x) =
0
2

2 sin 2
1
(b) fs (x) =
sin x d
0
2

12.10 f (x) = 2
12.11
12.13
12.16
12.18
12.19
12.21
12.25
12.28

12.30

13.7 f (x) =

4  1

cos nx
2
1 n2

13.8 (b) 1

odd n

13.10 (d) 1, 1/2, 2, 1

13.14 (a) f (x) =

13.15 /4

(b) 4 /90
13.23 2 /8

4  cos nx
1
+ 2
3 1
n2

Chapter 8
x = A 2 sin t + v0 t + x0

1.7 x = (c/F )[(m2 c2 + F 2 t2 )1/2 mc]

2.2 (1 x2 )1/2 + (1 y 2 )1/2 = C,

C = 3
2.3 ln y = A(csc x cot x), A = 3
2
2.6 2y 2 + 1 = A(x2 1)2 , A = 1
2.7 y 2 = 8 + eKx , K = 1
y
x
2.9 ye = ae , a = 1
2.13 y 1, y 1, x 1, x 1
2.19 (a) I/I0 = e0.5 = 0.6 for s = 50 ft
1.5

Half value thickness = (ln 2)/ = 69.3 ft

(b) Half life T = (ln 2)/
2.20 (c) = RC, = L/R. Corresponding quantities are a, = (ln 2)/T , , 1/ .
2.22 N = N0 eKt (R/K)(eKt 1) where N0 = number of bacteria at t = 0,
KN = rate of increase, R = removal rate.
2.23 T = 100[1 (ln r)/(ln 2)]

Chapter 8

Answers to Selected Problems

797

2.26 (a) k = weight divided by terminal speed

(b) t = g 1 (terminal speed) (ln 100); typical terminal speeds are 0.02 to
0.1 cm/sec, so t is of the order of 104 sec.
5
3
2.27 t = 10(ln 13
)/(ln 13
) = 6.6 min
2.29 t = 100 ln 94 = 81.1 min
2.31 ay = bx
2.33 x2 + ny 2 = C
2.35 x(y 1) = C
2

3.3 y = ( 12 x2 + C)ex
y = 12 ex + Cex

y = (x + C)/(x + x2 + 1 )
3.8 y = 12 ln x + C/ ln x
2 1/2
2
y(1 x )
=x +C
3.11 y = 2(sin x 1) + Ce sin x
1 y
y
x = 2 e + Ce
3.14 x = y 2/3 + Cy 1/3
S = (107 /2)[(1 + 3t/104) + (1 + 3t/104)1/3 ], where S = number of pounds
of salt, and t is in hours.
3.17 I = Aet/(RC) V0 C(sin t RC cos t)/(1 + 2 R2 C 2 )
3.21 Nn = c1 e1 t + c2 e2 t + where
1 2 n1 N0
1 2 n1 N0
, c2 =
,
c1 =
(2 1 )(3 1 ) . . . (n 1 )
(1 2 )(3 2 ) (n 2 )
etc. (all s dierent)
3.22 y = x + 1 + Kex

3.1
3.6
3.9
3.13
3.15

4.1
4.5
4.9
4.13
4.18

y 1/3 = x 3 + Cex/3
x2 y 2 + 2x(y + 1) = C
2
2
y 2 = Cex /y
y 2 = sin2 x + C sin4 x
x2 + (y k)2 = k 2

4.4
4.7
4.11
4.16
4.19

5.1

y = Aex + Be2x

5.3

x2 e3y + ex 13 y 3 = C
x = y(ln x + C)
tan 12 (x + y) = x + C
y 2 = C(C 2x)
r = Ae , r = Be

5.5
5.9
5.20
5.24
5.28
5.29
5.35

y = Ae3ix + Be3ix or other forms

as in (5.24)
y = (Ax + B)ex
5.7 y = Ae3x + Be2x
y = Ae2x sin(3x + )
5.11 y = (A + Bx)e3x/2
x
ix
y = Ae + Be
5.22 y = Aex + Be3x + Ce5x

1
x
x/2
y = Ae + Be sin( 2 x 3 + ) 5.26 y = Ae5x + (Bx + C)ex
y = ex (A sin x + B cos x) + ex (C sin x + D cos x)
y = (A 
+ Bx)ex + Ce2x + De2x + E sin(2x + )
T = 2 R/g
= 85 min.

6.1
6.5
6.9
6.11
6.13
6.15
6.17
6.18
6.20
6.22
6.26
6.33

y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y

= Ae2x + Be2x 52
6.3 y = Aex + Be2x + 14 e2x
= Aeix + Beix + ex
6.7 y = Aex + Be2x + xe2x
2 x
= (Ax + B + x )e
= ex (A sin 3x + B cos 3x) + 8 sin 4x 6 cos 4x
= (Ax + B)ex sin x
= e6x/5 [A sin(8x/5) + B cos(8x/5)] 5 cos 2x
= A sin 4x + B cos 4x + 2x sin 4x
= ex (A sin 4x + B cos 4x) + 2e4x cos 5x
= Ae2x sin(2x + ) + 4ex/2 sin(5x/2)
6.24 y = (A + Bx + 2x3 )e3x
= A + Bex/2 + x2 4x
2
= A sin x + B cos x 2x cos x + 2x sin x
= A sin(x + ) + x3 6x 1 + x sin x + (3 2x)ex

798

Answers to Selected Problems

Chapter 8

6.34 y = Ae3x + Be2x + ex + x

6.37 y = (A + Bx)ex + 2x2 ex + (3 x)e2x + x + 1
6.41 y = ex (A cos x + B sin x) + 14


+
[4(n2 2) cos nx 8n sin nx]/[n2 (n2 + 4)]
odd n=1

7.1
7.4
7.12
7.16
7.18
7.20
7.25

(a) y 5
(c) y = tan( 4 x2 ) = sec x tan x
x2 + (y b)2 = a2 , or y = C
7.11
x
t = 1 u2 (1 u4 )1/2 du
7.16
(a) y = Ax + Bx3 

y = Ax + Bx1 + 12 x + x1 ln x
7.22
y = x2 (A + B ln x) + x2 (ln x)3
7.27 x3 ex
x1 1

(b) y = 2/(x + 1)
(d) y = 2 tanh x
x = (1 3t)1/3
(c) y = (A + B ln x)/x3
y = A cos ln x + B sin ln x + x
7.29 xe1/x

8.8 e2t te2t

8.12 3 cosh 5t + 2 sinh 5t
8.23 y = te2t (cos t sin t)

8.10 13 et sin 3t + 2et cos 3t

8.21 2b(p + a)/[(p + a)2 + b2 ]2
8.25 ep/2 /(p2 + 1)

9.3
9.7
9.11
9.13
9.19
9.23

y = e2t (4t + 12 t2 )
y = 1 e2t
y = te2t
y = sinh 2t
y = e2t
y= sin t + 2 cos t 2et cos 2t
y = t + 14 (1 e4t )
9.27
z = 13 + e4t

y = t sin 2t
9.30
z = cos 2t

y = cos t + 12 (sin t t cos t)

y = (t + 2) sin 4t
y = 12 (t2 et + 3et et )
y=2
y = e3t + 2e2t sin t
y = (3 + t)e2t sin t

y = t cos t 1
9.28
z = cos t + t sin t

y = sin 2t
9.32
z = cos 2t 1

9.36 arc tan(2/3)

9.40 1

9.38 4/5
9.42 /4

10.3
10.5
10.7
10.9
10.12
10.13
10.15

1
2 t sinh t

9.4
9.9
9.12
9.17
9.21
9.25

[b(b a)tebt + a(ebt eat )]/(b a)2

(a cosh bt b sinh bt aeat )/(a2 b2 )
(2t2 2t + 1 e2t )/4
(b2 a2 )1 (b2 cos bt a2 cos at) + a2 b2
1 t
+ sin t cos t)
2 (e
1 3t
1 4t
1 t
e
+
10
e
14  35 e
(cosh at 1)/a2 , t > 0
10.17 y =
0,
t<0

11.7 y =

(t t0 )e(tt0 ) , t > t0
0,
t < t0

Chapter 9

Answers to Selected Problems


11.9 y =

11.11 y =

1 (tt0 )
3e

0,
1
2 [sinh(t

799

sin 3(t t0 ), t > t0

t < t0

t0 ) sin(t t0 )],

0,

t > t0
t < t0

(b) 3(x + 5) 4(x 10)

(b) 0
(d) cosh 1
(b) (|a|)/(2|a|)
(c) 1/2
(a) (x + 5)(y 5)(z), (r 5 2 )( 3
4 )(z)/r,

3
(r 5 2 )( 2 )( 4 )/(r sin )

(c) (x + 2)(y)(z 2 3 ), (r 2)( )(z 2 3 )/r,

(r 4)( 6 )( )/(r sin )
11.25 (c) G (x) = (x) + 5  (x)

11.13
11.15
11.21
11.23

12.2 y = (sin t t cos t)/(2 2 )

12.7 y = [a(cosh at et ) sinh at]/[a(a2 1)]
12.11 y = 31 sin 2x


x 2 sin x,
x < /4

12.13 y = 1

2
cos
x,
x > /4
2
12.16 y = x ln x x x(ln x)2 /2
12.18 y = x2 /2 + x4 /6

13.1
13.5
13.8
13.13
13.18
13.20
13.22
13.24
13.28
13.32
13.33
13.38
13.43
13.46
13.47

y = 31 x2 + Cx
13.3 y = A + Bex sin(x + )
2
2
2
13.7 3x2 y 3 + 1 = Ax3
x + y y sin x = C
1
2
y = x(A + B ln x) + 2 x(ln x)
13.10 u ln u + ln v + v 1 = C
2x
3x
sin(x + ) + e
13.15 y = (A + Bx)e2x + 3x2 e2x
y = Ae
sin y
x = (y + C)e
y = Aex sin(2x + ) + x + 25 + ex (1 x cos 2x)
y = (A + Bx)e2x + C sin(3x + )
y 2 = ax2 + b
13.26 y = x2 + x
2
2
y + 4(x 1) = 9
13.30 y = g/3, v = 7g/12, a = 5g/12
1:23 p.m.
In both (a) and (b), the temperature of the mixture at time t is given by the
formula Ta (1 ekt ) + (n + n )1 (nT0 + n T0 )ekt .
1
2
2
2
13.41 14 (tanh 1 sech2 1) = 0.0854
2 ln[(a + p )/p ]
(sin at + at cos at)/(2a)
For ex : gs () = (2/)1/2 /(1 + 2 ), gc () = (2/)1/2 /(1 + 2 )
y = A sin t + B cos t + sin t ln(sec t + tan t) 1

Chapter 9
2.1
2.3
3.1
3.6
3.9

Parabola
ax = sinh(ay + b)

dx/dy = C/ y 3 C 2
x = ay 3/2 12 y 2 + b
cot = A cos( )

2.2
2.6

Circle
x + a = 43 (y 1/2 2b)(b + y 1/2 )1/2

3.3 x4 y 2 = C 2 (1 + x2 y 2 )3
3.7 y = K sinh(x + C)
3.12 (x a)2 + y 2 = C 2

800

Answers to Selected Problems

Chapter 10

3.15 r cos( + ) = C or, in rectangular coordinates,

the straight line x cos y sin = C
3.18 See Problem 3.9
4.6
5.2

Cycloid

r r2 ) = V /r
m(
= (1/r)(V /)
m(r + 2r )

m
z = V /z

5.4

l + g sin = 0

5.8

L = 12 m(2r 2 + r2 2 ) mgr
=0
z + mga2 = 0
(ma2 + I)
2
r r2 + g = 0, (d/dt)(r2 )


L = 1 m(r 2 + r2 2 ) 1 k(r r0 )2 mgr cos

5.12

Comment: These equations are in the

form ma = F; recall from Chapter 6,
equation (6.7), the polar coordinate
formfor F = V .
5.6
a a sin cos 2 g sin = 0
=0
(d/dt)(sin2 )
2 2
1
5.11 L = 2 (m + Ia )z mgz

5.23

k
+ gr sin = 0
(r r0 ) g cos = 0, (d/dt)(r2 )
r r2 + m
L = M x 2 + M gx sin , 2M x
M g sin = 0
L = 12 m(l + a)2 2 mg[a sin (l + a) cos ]
(l + a) + a2 +

g sin = 0
x = y with = g/l ; x = y with = 3g/l
2 + cos( ) + 2 sin( ) + 2g
l sin = 0
g
2

+ cos( )

 sin( ) + l sin = 0
= 2 with = 2g/(3l) ; = 2 with = 2g/l

6.1

Catenary

5.14
5.16
5.19
5.21

6.3

Circular cylinder

6.5

Circle

dr/d = Kr r4 K 2
(x a)2 + (y + 1)2 = C 2
Intersection of r = 1 + cos with z =a + b sin(/2)
Intersection of y = x2 with az = b[2x 4x2 + 1 + sinh1 2x] + c
ey cos(x a) = K
Hyperbola: r2 cos(2 + ) = K or (x2 y 2 ) cos 2xy sin = K
K ln r = cosh(K + C)
Parabola: (x y C)2 = 4K 2 (x + y K 2 )
m(
r r2 ) + Kr2 = 0, r2 = const.
r1 m(r2 + 2rr r2 sin cos 2 ) = r1 (V /) = F = ma ,
a = r +
2r r sin cos 2
8.27 dr/d = r K 2 (1 + r)2 1

8.4
8.6
8.8
8.10
8.12
8.16
8.17
8.18
8.20
8.22

Chapter 10

4.6 I =

9
0
3

0 3
6 0
0 9


; principal moments: (6, 6, 12); principal axes along the vec-

tors (1, 0, 1) and any two orthogonal vectors in the plane z = x, say (0, 1, 0)
and (1, 0, 1).
5.6

(a) 3

(c) 2

(e) 1

Chapter 10

Answers to Selected Problems

801

6.15 (c) vector

8.1

hr = 1,

h = r,

h = r sin

ds = er dr + e r d + e r sin d
dV = r2 sin dr d d
ar = i sin cos + j sin sin + k cos = er

8.3

8.5
8.6

a = ir cos cos + j r cos sin kr sin = re

a = ir sin sin + j r sin cos = r sin e
ds/dt = er r + e r + e r sin
2
d s/dt2 = er (
r r2 r sin2 2 )
+ e (r + 2r r sin cos 2 )

+ e (r sin + 2r cos + 2 sin r )

V = er cos e sin e r sin
hu = hv = (u2 + v 2 )1/2 , hz = 1
ds = (u2 + v 2 )1/2 (eu du + ev dv) + ez dz
dV = (u2 + v 2 ) du dv dz
au = iu + jv = (u2 + v 2 )1/2 eu

8.9

av = iv + ju = (u2 + v 2 )1/2 ev
az = k = ez
hu = hv = a(cosh u + cos v)1
ds = a(cosh u + cos v)1 (eu du + ev dv)
dA = a2 (cosh u + cos v)2 du dv
au = (h2u /a)[i(1 + cos v cosh u) j sin v sinh u] = hu eu

8.11

av = (h2v /a)[i sinh u sin v + j(1 + cos v cosh u)] = hv ev

ds/dt = (u2 + v 2 )1/2 (eu u + ev v)
+ ez z
d2 s/dt2 = eu (u2 + v 2 )1/2 [(u2 + v 2 )
u + u(u 2 v 2 ) + 2v u v]

8.14

v + v(v 2 u 2 ) + 2uu v]
+ ez z
+ ev (u2 + v 2 )1/2 [(u2 + v 2 )
1

ds/dt = a(cosh u + cos v) (eu u + ev v)

u + (v 2 u 2 ) sinh u + 2u v sin v]
d2 s/dt2 = eu a(cosh u + cos v)2 [(cosh u + cos v)
+ ev a(cosh u + cos v)2 [(cosh u + cos v)
v + (v 2 u 2 ) sin v 2u v sinh u]

9.10 Let h = hu = hv = (u2 + v 2 )1/2 represent the u and v scale factors.


U
U
U
+ ev
U = h1 eu
+k
u
v
z



Vz
(hVu ) +
(hVv ) +
V = h2
u
v
z

2

2
2
U
U
U
+
+
2 U = h2
u2
v 2
z 2








Vu

Vv
Vz
Vz

h1
(hVv )
(hVu ) ez
V = h1
eu +
ev + h2
v
z
z
u
u
v

802

Answers to Selected Problems

Chapter 12

9.13 Same as 9.10 if h = a(cosh u+cos v)1 and terms involving either z derivatives
or Vz are omitted. Note, however, that V has only a z component if
V = eu Vu + ev V
v where Vu and Vv are functions of u and v.
= u/ 1 v 2
9.15 hu = 1, hv
eu = iv + j 1 v 2 , ev = i 1 v 2 jv
m[
u uv 2 /(1 v 2 )] = V /u = Fu
m[(u
v + 2u v)/(1

v 2 )1/2 + uv v 2 /(1 v 2 )3/2 ] = h1

v V /v = Fv
1
1
9.16 r , 0, 0, r ez
9.19 2e , er cos e sin , 3
9.21 2r1 , 6, 2r4 , k 2 eikr cos

Chapter 11
3.3 9/10
3.11 1

3.7 8
3.14 (4/3)

1
5 1
7.1
2 B( 2 , 2 ) = 3/16
7.5 B(3, 3) = 1/30
7.11 2B( 23 , 43 )/B( 13 , 43 )


8.1 B( 12 , 14 ) 2l/g = 7.4163 l/g

(Compare 2 l/g )

3.9 (5/4)
3.17 (p)

1
1 1
7.3
3 B( 3 , 2 )
1
1 1
7.7
2 B( 4 , 2 )
7.13 Iy /M = 8B( 43 , 43 )/B( 53 , 13 )

8.3 t = a/g

10.2 (p, x) xp1 ex [1 + (p 1)x1 + (p 1)(p 2)x2 ]

10.5 (a) E1 (x) = (0, x)
10.6 (b) Ei(x)
11.5 1
12.1

K = F (/2, k) = (/2){1 + ( 12 )2 k 2 + [(1 3)/(2 4)]2 k 4 }

E = E(/2, k) = (/2){1 ( 12 )2 k 2 [1/(2 4)]2 3k 4

[(1 3)/(2 4 6)]2 5k 6 }

Caution: For the following answers, see the warning about elliptic integral notation
just after equations (12.3) and in Example 1.
12.5 E(1/3)
12.6 13 F ( 3 , 13 )
= 1.526
= 0.355
1
1
1
12.7 5E( 5
,
)
19.46
12.10
F
(
,
)
4 5 =
2
4 2 = 0.402
3 3
3

12.13 3E( 6 , 23 ) + 3E(arc sin 34 , 23 )

12.11 F ( 8 , 10 ) + K( 10 ) = 4.097
= 3.96

12.16 2 2 E(1/ 2 ) = 3.820




a
12.23 T = 8 5g
K(1/ 5 ); for small vibrations, T
= 2 2a
3g

13.8 12 erf(1)
13.11 15 F (arc sin 34 , 45 )
= 0.1834

13.15 (7/2) = 15 /8

13.19 12 erfc 5

13.24 255 /109!!

13.10 2 K(1/ 2 )
= 2.622
13.13 sn u dn u

13.17 12 B( 54 , 74 ) = 3 2/64
5 5 14

13.21 54 B( 23 , 13
3 ) = (3) ( 3 )

Chapter 12

Answers to Selected Problems

803

Chapter 12
3

1.2
1.7

y = a0 e x
y = Ax + Bx3

2.4

Q0 =

3.3

(30 x2 ) sin x + 12x cos x

5.3

P0 (x) = 1
P1 (x) = x

P4 (x) = (35x4 30x2 + 3)/8

P2 (x) = (3x2 1)/2

P6 (x) = (231x6 315x4 + 105x2 5)/16

1
2

ln 1+x
1x , Q1 =

x
2

1.3
1.9

y = a1 x
y = a0 (1 x2 ) + a1 x

3.5

(x2 200x + 9900)ex

ln 1+x
1x 1

P5 (x) = (63x5 70x3 + 15x)/8

P3 (x) = (5x3 3x)/2

5.9 2P2 + P1
5.12 85 P4 + 4P2 3P1 + 12
5 P0


5
8.2 N = 25 ,
2 P2 (x)

P3 )

5.11

2
5 (P1

8.4

N = 1/4 , 1/4 ex

3
7
11
9.1
2 P1 8 P3 + 16 P5
1
7
11
9.4
8 (3P1 + 16 P3 + 64 P5 )
9.6 P0 + 38 P1 20
9 P2
1
3
5
2
2
(1

a)P
+
9.8
0
2
4 (1 a )P1 + 4 a(1 a )P2 +
9.11 85 P4 + 4P2 3P1 + 12
5 P0
9.12 25 (P1 P3 )
3
(5x2 + 1)
9.14 12 P0 + 58 P2 = 16

7
16 (1

/2

a2 )(5a2 1)P3

15 cos )

10.5

1
3
2 (sin )(35 cos

11.2
11.6
11.8
11.10

y = Ax3 + Bx3
11.4 y = Ax2 + Bx3
x
2/3
2
y = Ae + Bx [1 3x/5 + (3x) /(5 8) (3x)3 /(5 8 11) + ]
y = A(x1 1) + Bx2 (1 x + 3x2 /5 4x3 /15 + 2x4 /21 + )
y = A[1 + 2x (2x)2 /2! + (2x)3 /(3 3!) (2x)4 /(3 5 4!) + ]

+ Bx3/2 [1 2x/5 + (2x)2 /(5 7 2!) (2x)3 /(5 7 9 3!) + ]

11.11 y = Ax1/6 [1 + 3x2 /25 + 32 x4 /(5 210 ) + ]
+ Bx1/6 [x + 3x3 /26 + 32 x5 /(7 211 ) + ]
16.1
16.5
16.9
16.15

y
y
y
y

= x3/2 Z1/2 (x)

= xZ0 (2x)

= x1/3 Z2/3 (4 x )
= Z2 (5x)

16.3
16.7
16.11
16.17

y
y
y
y

= x1/2 Z1 (4x1/2 )
= x1 Z1/2 (x2 /2)
= x2 Z2 (x)
= Z0 (3x)

17.7 (a) y = x1/2 I1 (2x1/2 ). Note that the factor i does not need to be included,
since any multiple of y is a solution.
18.11 1.7 m for steel.
20.1 1/6
20.3 4/
(1)
20.7 hn (x) x1 ei[x(n+1)/2]

20.5 1/2
(1)
20.9 hn (ix) in x1 ex

804

Answers to Selected Problems

Chapter 13



= Ax + B x sinh1 x x2 + 1
= A(1 + x) + Bxe1/x
= A(x 1) + B[(x 1) ln x 4]
x
x
= A 1x
+ B[ 1x
ln x + 1+x
2 ]
2
= A(x + 2x) + B[(x2 + 2x) ln x + 1 + 5x x3 /6 + x4 /72 + ]

21.1
21.2
21.5
21.7
21.8

y
y
y
y
y

22.4

H0 (x) = 1
H1 (x) = 2x

H2 (x) = 4x2 2
22.13 L0 (x) = 1
L1 (x) = 1 x

H3 (x) = 8x3 12x

H4 (x) = 16x4 48x2 + 12
H5 (x) = 32x5 160x3 + 120x

L2 (x) = 12 (2 4x + x2 )
L3 (x) = 16 (6 18x + 9x2 x3 )
2
3
4
1
24 (24 96x + 72x 16x + x )
2
3
1
120 (120 600x + 600x 200x +

L4 (x) =
L5 (x) =

25x4 x5 )

Note: The factor 1/n! is omitted in most quantum mechanics books but is
included as here in most reference books.
Chapter 13


n
nx
400
sinh
(30 y) sin
n sinh 3n
10
10
odd n

n
ny
400
sinh
(10 x) sin
+
n sinh(n/3)
30
30
odd n
40  1
nx ny/10
e
2.14 For f (x) = x 5: T = 2
cos

n2
10
odd n
For f (x) = x: add 5 to the answer just given.


2n + 1
400  (1)n [(2n+1)/4]2 t
3.9 u = 100
e
x
cos
n=0 2n + 1
4
 sin nx
4
3.11 E n = n2
eiEn t/h
h2 /(2m); (x, t) =

n
2.12

T =

4.8

4.9

5.1
5.4

odd n

x
vt

2x
2vt
4l 1
sin
sin
+
sin
sin
2
v 3
l
l
16
l
l


nx
nvt
sin n/2
sin
sin

n(n2 4)
l
l
n=3
Problem 2: n = 2, = v/l
Problem 3: n = 3, = 32 v/l and n = 4, = 2v/l have nearly equal intensity.
Problem 5: n = 1, = 12 v/l
y=

(a) u
= 9.76


u = 200

2
1
J0 (km r/a)e(km /a) t , km = zeros of J0
k
J
(k
)
m=1 m 1 m

Chapter 13

5.10 u =

Answers to Selected Problems

805

nx
my
pz (/l)2 (n2 +m2 +p2 )t
6400    1
sin
sin
sin
e
3
nmp
l
l
l
odd n odd m odd p

5.11 R = rn , rn , n = 0; R = ln r, const., n = 0.
R = rl , rl1 .
400  1  r 4n
5.13 u =
sin 4n

n 10
odd n
200  rn rn
50 ln r
+
sin n
5.14 u =
ln 2

n(2n 2n )
odd n

6.5
6.8

64l4  
1
my
v(m2 + n2 )1/2 t
nx
sin
cos
sin
6
3
3

n m
l
l
l
odd m odd
n

2 2
h kmn
sin n
eiEmn t/h , Emn =
mn = Jn (kmn r)
cos n
2ma2

z=

u = 25 rP1 (cos ) 25 r3 P3 (cos )

3 4
u = 12 P0 (cos ) + 58 r2 P2 (cos ) 16
r P4 (cos )
1
7 3
5
u = 8 [3rP1 (cos ) + 16 r P3 (cos ) + 11
64 r P5 (cos ) ]
21 3
2
u = 25[P0 (cos ) + 94 rP1 (cos ) + 15
8 r P2 (cos ) + 64 r P3 (cos ) ]
1 3 2
u = 15 r P3 (cos ) cos 2 rP1 (cos )
7 3
11 5
r P3 (cos ) 192
r P5 (cos )
u = 34 rP1 (cos ) + 24
3 2
u = E0 (r a /r )P1 (cos )

nr (n/a)2 t
200a  (1)n
sin
e
7.15 u = 100 +
r 1
n
a

7.2
7.5
7.6
7.8
7.10
7.12
7.13

= 100 + 200

(1)n j0 (nr/a)e(n/a)

(r, , ) = jl (r)Plm (cos )eim eiEt/h , where


h2
= 2M E/h2 , a = zeros ofjl , E =
( zeros of jl )2
2
2M
a

2 2
7.20 n (x) = e x /2 Hn (x), = m/h
7.21 Degree of degeneracy of En is C(n + 2, n) = (n + 2)(n + 1)/2, n = 0 to .
 2r 
Me4
7.22 (r, , ) = R(r)Ylm (, ), R(r) = rl er/(na) L2l+1
nl1 na , En = 2
h2 n2
7.19

8.4

Let K = line charge per unit length. Then

V = K ln(r2 + a2 2ra cos ) + K ln a2 K ln R2

8.5
9.2
9.7

+ K ln[r2 + (R2 /a)2 2(R2 /a)r cos ]

K at (a, 0), K at (R2 /a, 0)

u = 200 1 0 k 2 (1 cos 2k)eky cos kx dk
u(x, t) = 100 erf[x/(2t1/2 )] 50 erf[(x 1)/(2t1/2 )] 50 erf[(x + 1)/(2t1/2 )]

10.3 T =

1
4 
1
(2 y) + 2
sinh n(2 y) cos nx
4

n2 sinh 2n
odd n

806
10.4

10.6
10.8
10.10
10.16
10.18
10.20
10.22
10.26

Answers to Selected Problems

Chapter 14

ny
nx
1
40 
sinh
sin

n sinh(3n/5)
5
5
odd n
n(5 x)
ny
1
40 
sinh
sin
+

n sinh(5n/3)
3
3
odd n


n
2n + 1
80  (1) [(2n+1)/(2l)]2 t
u = 20
e
x
cos
0 2n + 1
2l
40  1 (n/10)2 t
nx
u = 20 x
e
sin
even n n
10
 mr 
mz
1
1600  
In
sin n sin
u= 2

nmIn (3m/20)
20
20
odd n odd m

v 5/(2)
mn , n = 3, 6, ; the lowest frequencies are:
13 = 2.65 10 , 23 = 4.06 10 , 16 = 4.13 10 , 33 = 5.4 10
= v l /(2a) where l = zeros of j l , a = radius of sphere,
v = speed of sound
5
u = 1 12 rP1 (cos ) + 78 r3 P3 (cos ) 11
16 r P5 (cos )
2
2 1/2
where kmn is a zero of Jn
= [v/(2)][(kmn /a) + ]
T = 20 +

Chapter 14
u = x3 3xy 2 , v = 3x2 y y 3
1.3 u = x, v = y
1.7 u = cos y cosh x, v = sin y sinh x
u = (x2 + y 2 )1/2 , v = 0
u = x/(x2 + y 2 ), v = y/(x2 + y 2 )
u = 3x/[x2 + (y 2)2 ], v = (2x2 2y 2 + 5y 2)/[x2 + (y 2)2 ]
1.17 u = cos x cosh y, v = sin x sinh y
u = ln(x2 + y 2 )1/2 , v = 0
u = 21/2 [(x2 + y 2 )1/2 + x]1/2 , v = 21/2 [(x2 + y 2 )1/2 x]1/2 ,
where the signs are chosen so that uv has the sign of y.
1.19 u = ln(x2 + y 2 )1/2 , v = arc tan(y/x)
[The angle is in the quadrant of the point (x, y).]

1.1
1.4
1.9
1.11
1.13
1.18

In 2.12.23, A = analytic, N = not analytic

2.1 A
2.3 N
2.4 N
2.7 A
2.9 A, z = 0
2.11 A, z = 2i
2.13 N
2.17 N
2.18 A, z = 0
2.19 A, z = 0
2.23 A, z = 0
2.34 z 12 z 2 13 z 3 , |z| < 1
1 3
z , |z| < 2
2.38 12 i + 14 z + 18 iz 2 16
3
5
2.42 z + z /3! + z /5! , all z
2.48 Yes, z = 0
2.52 No
2.53 Yes, z = 0
2.54 iz
2.56 iz 2 /2
2.59 ez
2.60 2 ln z
2.63 i/(1 z)
1
3.1
2 +i
3.7 (1 i)/8
3.17 (a) 0 (b) i

4.4

3.3 0
3.9 1
3.19 16i

3.5 1
3.12 (a) 53 (1 + 2i)
3.23 72i

13 2
1
For 0 < |z| < 1: 14 z 1 12 11
16 z 16 z ; R(0) = 4
3 1
1
5
3 2
3
2
For 1 < |z| < 2: + z + z + 4 z + 2 + 16 z + 16 z
For |z| > 2: z 4 + 5z 5 + 17z 6 + 49z 7

Chapter 14

Answers to Selected Problems

For 0 < |z| < 1: z 2 2z 1 + 3 4z + 5z 2 ; R(0) = 2

For |z| > 1: z 4 2z 5 + 3z 6
175 2
4.8 For |z| < 1: 5 + 25
6 z 36 z ; R(0) = 0
1 2
7 3
For 1 < |z| < 2: 5( + z 3 z 2 + z 1 + 16 z + 36
z + 216
z )
1
1 2
1 3
3
2
1
For 2 < |z| < 3: + 3z + 9z 3z + 1 3 z + 9 z 27
z
3
4
5
For |z| > 3: 30(z 2z + 9z )
4.9 (a) Regular
(b) Pole of order 3
4.10 (b) Pole of order 2
(d) Essential singularity
4.11 (c) Simple pole
(d) Pole of order 3
4.12 (b) Pole of order 2
(d) Pole of order 1

4.6

6.1
6.3
6.5
6.7
6.9
6.14
6.18
6.21
6.27
6.31
6.35
6.16
6.19
6.28
6.33

z 1 1 + z z 2 ; R = 1
z 3 z 1 /3! + z/5! ; R = 16
1
1
+ 12 + 14 (z 1) ]; R = 12 e
2 e[(z 1)
1
1 1
1 + (1 2 /2)(z 12 ) ]; R = 14
4 [(z 2 )
1
[(z 2) + 1 + (z 2) + (z 2)2 ]; R = 1
R(2/3) = 1/8, R(2) = 1/8
6.16 R(0) = 2, R(1) = 1
1
1
R(3i)
=

i
6.19
R(/2) = 1/2
2
3

R[ 2 (1 + i)] = 2 (1 i)/16
6.22 R(i) = 1
1
1
R(/6) = 1/2
6.28 R(3i) = 16
+ 24
i
R(0) = 9/2
6.33 R() = 1/2
R(i) = 0
6.14 i/4
2i
6.18 0
0
6.27 i
i/4
6.31 9i
0
6.35 0

7.1
7.5
7.9
7.13
7.17
7.23
7.26
7.30
7.33
7.39
7.45
7.48
7.50
7.52
7.55
7.60
7.63

/6
7.3 2/3
/(1 r2 )
7.7 /6
2/| sin |
7.11 3/32
/10
7.15 e4/3 /12
(/e)(cos 2 + 2 sin 2)
7.19 e3 /54
/8
7.24
/2
7.28 /4
3
2
)
7.32
/(2
16 2

2/2
7.36 2 2
2
7.41 (2)1/2 /4
One negative real, one each in quadrants I and IV
Two each in quadrants I and IV
Two each in quadrants II and III
i
7.54 8i
cosh t cos t
7.57 1 + sin t cos t

7.61 cosh 2t + 2 cosh t cos t 3 /3
t + et 1
(cosh t cos t)/2
7.65 (cos 2t + 2 sin 2t et )/5

8.3 Regular, R = 1
8.7 Simple pole, R = 2
8.11 Regular, R = 1

8.5 Regular, R = 1
8.9 Regular, R = 0
8.14 2i

807

808
9.3
9.4
9.7

Answers to Selected Problems

Chapter 15

u = x/(x2 + y 2 ), v = y/(x2 + y 2 )
u = ex cos y, v = ex sin y
u = sin x cosh y, v = cos x sinh y

10.6 T = 100y/(x2 + y 2 ); isothermals y/(x2 + y 2 ) = const.;

ow lines x/(x2 + y 2 ) = const.
10.9 Streamlines y y/(x2 + y 2 ) = const.
10.12 T = (20/) arc tan[2y/(1 x2 y 2 )], arc tan between /2 and 3/2
10.14 = 12 V0 ln{[(x + 1)2 + y 2 ]/[(x 1)2 + y 2 ]}
= V0 arc tan{2y/[1 x2 y 2 ]}, arc tan between /2 and 3/2
Vx = 2V0 (1 x2 + y 2 )/[(1 x2 + y 2 )2 + 4x2 y 2 ],
Vy = 4V0 xy/[(1 x2 + y 2 )2 + 4x2 y 2 ]

11.2 i ln(1 + z)
11.5 R(i) = 14 (1 i 3 ), R(i) = 12
11.8 R(1/2) = 1/2
11.10 1
11.12 1/2
11.14 (a) 2 (b) sin 5 (c) 1/16 (d) 2
11.16 /6
11.20 12 (e1 + sin 1)
11.18 14 e/2
11.29 3 /8. Caution: 3 /8 is wrong.
11.32 One negative real, one each in quadrants II and III
11.34 Two each in quadrants I and IV, one each in II and III
11.41 2 /8

Chapter 15
1.2
1.6

3/8, 1/8, 1/4

27/52, 16/52, 15/52

1.5
1.8

1/4, 3/4, 1/3, 1/2

9/100, 1/10, 3/100, 1/10

2.12 (a) 3/4

(b) 1/5
(c) 2/3
(d) 3/4
2.14 (a) 3/4
(b) 25/36
(c) 37, 38, 39, 40
2.17 (a) 3 to 9 with p(5) = p(7) = 2/9; others, p = 1/9.

(e) 3/7
(c) 1/3

3.4
3.12
3.14
3.17
3.20

(a) 8/9, 1/2

(b) 3/5, 1/11, 2/3, 2/3, 6/13
(a) 1/49
(b) 68/441
(c) 25/169
n > 3.3, so 4 tries are needed. 3.16 9/23
(a) 39/80, 5/16, 1/5, 11/16
(b) 374/819
5/7, 2/7, 11/14
3.21 2/3, 1/3

3.5 1/33, 2/9

(d) 15 times
(e) 44/147

4.1
4.4
4.8
4.17
5.1
5.5

(a) P (10, 8)
(b) C(10, 8)
(c) 1/45
1.98 103 , 4.95 104 , 3.05 104 , 1.39 105
4.7 1/26
1/221, 1/33, 1/17
4.11 0.097, 0.37, 0.67; 13
MB: 16, FD: 6, BE: 10

5.3 = 2, = 2
= 0, = 3

= 1, = 7/6
5.7 = 3(2p 1), = 2 3p(1 p)

6.1
6.5

(c) x = 0, = 21/2 a
6.4 x = 0, = (21/2 )1
f (t) = et , F (t) = 1 et , t = 1/, half life = tln 2

(c) 185/374

Chapter 15

6.7

Answers to Selected Problems

809

(a) F (s) = 2[1 cos(s/R)], f (s) = (2/R) sin(s/R)

(b) F (s) = [1 cos(s/R)]/[1 cos(1/R)]
= s2 ,
2s
f (s) = R1 [1 cos(1/R)]1 sin(s/R) =

Exactly
7h

At most
7h

At least
7h

Most probable
number of h

Expected
number of h

7.1

0.0078

0.0078

3 or 4

7/2

7.2

12

0.193

0.806

0.387

In the following answers, the rst number is the binomial result and the second
number is the normal approximation using whole steps at the ends as in Example 2.
8.12 0.03987, 0.03989
8.14 0.9546, 0.9546
8.17 0.0770, 0.0782
8.18 0.372, 0.376
8.20 0.462, 0.455
9.3

Number of particles
0
1
2
3
4
Number of intervals 406 812 812 541 271
9.5 P0 = 0.37, P1 = 0.37, P2 = 0.18, P3 = 0.06
9.8 3, 10, 3
9.11 Normal: 0.08, Poisson: 0.0729, (binomial: 0.0732)

5
108

10.8 x = 5, y = 1, sx = 0.122, sy = 0.029,

x = 0.131, y = 0.030, mx = 0.046, my = 0.0095,
rx = 0.031, ry = 0.0064,
x + y = 6 with r = 0.03, xy = 5 with r = 0.04,
x3 sin y = 105 with r = 2.00, ln x = 1.61 with r = 0.006
10.10 x = 6 with r = 0.062, y = 3 with r = 0.067,
ey = 20 with r = 1.3, x/y 2 = 0.67 with r = 0.03

11.3 20/47
11.7 x = 1/4, = 3/4

11.13 30, 60
11.9 (d) x
= 1/4, = 31/12
11.17 x = 2 with r = 0.073, y = 1 with r = 0.039, x y = 1 with r = 0.08,
xy = 2 with r = 0.11, x/y 3 = 2 with r = 0.25