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Computer Fundamentals: Automotive Fuel and Emission Control Systems
Computer Fundamentals: Automotive Fuel and Emission Control Systems
Computer Fundamentals
Storage
Computers have two types of memory: permanent and
temporary. Permanent memory is called read-only memory
(ROM) because the computer can only read the contents. This
data is retained even when power to the computer is shut off.
Part of the ROM is built into the computer, and the rest is
located in an IC chip called a programmable read-only memory
(PROM) or calibration assembly.
Temporary memory is called random-access memory (RAM)
because the microprocessor can write or store new data into it
as directed by the computer program, as well as read the data
already in it. Automotive computers use two types of RAM
memory: volatile and nonvolatile.
Volatile RAM memory is lost whenever the ignition is turned off.
However, a type of volatile RAM called keep-alive memory
(KAM) can be wired directly to battery power.
Nonvolatile RAM memory can retain its information even when
the battery is disconnected.
Automotive Fuel and Emission Control Systems
Output
After the computer has processed the input signals, it sends
voltage signals or commands to other devices in the system,
such as system actuators. An actuator is an electrical or
mechanical device that converts electrical energy into a
mechanical action, such as adjusting engine idle speed,
altering suspension height, or regulating fuel metering.
Computer Fundamentals
The Big Seven:
Inputs that indicate engine
operating conditions
Airflow
Coolant Temperature
Engine Speed/ Crank Position
Camshaft Position
Exhaust Oxygen Content
Intake Air Temperature
Throttle Position
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Basic Inputs:
Major Inputs:
Engine Speed
Airflow
CMP
CTS
IAT
02S
TPS
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Major Outputs:
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INPUTS
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Chapter 11
Computer Fundamentals
CHAPTER SUMMARY
1. The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) standard J-1930 specifies that
the term powertrain control module (PCM) be used for the computer that
controls the engine and transmission in a vehicle.
2. The four basic computer functions include input, processing, storage, and
output.
3. Read-only memory (ROM) can be programmable (PROM), erasable
(EPROM), or electrically erasable (EEPROM).
4. Computer input sensors include engine speed (RPM), MAP, MAF, ECT,
O2S, TP, and VS.
5. A computer can only turn a device on or turn a device off, but it can do the
operation very rapidly.
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