Testing for water

By: Group 2
SAMPLE COLLECTION
1. Sample must be taken using different container
depending on it’s parameter

Eg: oil and grease only use glass

container
2. Must be representative sample when collecting:
 Several location
 Depth
 Different times

3. Samples must be enough for testing but not too

many.(sample must be preserved)
Water analysis
There are different methods for the chemical analysis of waters

The very low concentrations of most metals of interest of all

but heavily polluted seawater samples preclude their direct

determination
Eg:

only 3.5% of dissolved solids in seawater is a problem for many

of the sample introduction systems
PARAMETERS
1. pH test
Acidity
Expresses the capacity of H¯ and give indication
of the water corrosiveness. The acidity can be
determined by titrating with sodium hydroxide
Indicator bromocresol green-methyl
(orange to light green)
Alkalinity
The presence of :
Carbonate
Hydrogen carbonate
Hydroxide of calcium or magnesium
Analysis is performed by titrating sulfuric acid
Indicator phenolphthalein(pink to colorless)
2. C.O.D (chemical oxygen demand)
*To estimate the amount of organic matter in
waste water.
*Oxidation by a strong chemical oxidant such

as dichromate.
*Measured sample is refluxed for two hours.
3. Chlorine, Free and Total
• To control bacteria without causing a noxious odor or
taste.
• The residual chlorine can be measured with a chlorine
ISE (Ion-Selective Electrode)
4. Water Hardness
To determine water hardness by using EDTA titrations

with 1-(2-hydroxy-1-napthyl-azo)-6-nitro-2-napthol-
4sulfonic acid
Indicator *eriochrome black T for the end point

detection
5. Volatile Organic Compound ( V . O . C )
The analysis of v.o.c in drinking water by purge-and-
trap gas chromatography.
6. Nitrogen
 As ammonia, nitrogen is distilled from a sample

boric acid that buffered at pH7.4

The released borate ion is determined by titration

with std hydrochloric acid

Using methyl red indicator’ an alternative colorimetric

method uses Nessler’s reagent

THANK YOU …