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  • Carbohydrates: Polyhydroxyketone Polyhydroxyaldehyde

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    Kjeld Dml
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    Carbohydrates can be classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Glucose undergoes oxidation to form gluconic acid, while fructose rearranges during oxidation to form glucose. Disaccharides consist of two monosaccharide units and include sucrose, maltose, and lactose. Polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharide units and examples include starch, which is made of amylose and amylopectin, and glycogen found in animal cells.

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    Bochemistry

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    Carbohydrates

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    Carbohydrates can be classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Glucose undergoes oxidation to form gluconic acid, while fructose rearranges during oxidation to form glucose. Disaccharides consist of two monosaccharide units and include sucrose, maltose, and lactose. Polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharide units and examples include starch, which is made of amylose and amylopectin, and glycogen found in animal cells.

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    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    17 views23 pages

    Carbohydrates: Polyhydroxyketone Polyhydroxyaldehyde

    Uploaded by

    Kjeld Dml
    Carbohydrates can be classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Glucose undergoes oxidation to form gluconic acid, while fructose rearranges during oxidation to form glucose. Disaccharides consist of two monosaccharide units and include sucrose, maltose, and lactose. Polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharide units and examples include starch, which is made of amylose and amylopectin, and glycogen found in animal cells.

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    of 23

    CARBOHYDRATES

    POLYHYDROXYKETONE

    POLYHYDROXYALDEHYDE
    CLASSIFICATION
    MONOSACCHARIDES
    GLUCOSE
    FRUCTOSE
    GALACTOSE
    MONOSACCHARIDES
    MONOSACCHARIDES
    GLUCOSE: MOLISCH TEST
    OXIDATION: Glucose
    Oxidized
    O O
    ‖ ‖
    C–H C – OH
    | | H – C – OH H
    – C – OH
    | [O] | REDUCED
    HO–C – H + 2Cu2+ HO – C – H + Cu2O
    | Blue | (brick-red)

    H – C – OH HO – C – OH
    | |
    H – C – OH H – C – OH
    | |
    CH2OH CH2OH
     
    Open chain of D-Glucose (reducing sugar) D-Gluconic acid
    OXIDATION: Fructose
    CH2OH H–C=O
    | Rearrangement |
    C=O H – C – OH
    | |
    HO – C – H HO – C – H
    | |
    H – C – OH H – C – OH
    | |
    H – C – OH H – C – OH
    | |
    CH2OH CH2OH
     
    D-Fructose (ketose) D-Glucose (aldose)
    REDUCTION: Glucose
    Reduction: Fructose
    DISACCHARIDES
    SUCROSE
    MALTOSE
    LACTOSE
    SUCROSE
    SUCROSE
    MALTOSE
    MALTOSE
    LACTOSE
    LACTOSE
    POLYSACCHARIDE
    STARCH
    AMYLOSE
    AMYLOPECTIN
    POLYSACCHARIDE
    GLYCOGEN
    STRUCTURE OF GLYCOGEN
    STRUCTURE OF GLYCOGEN

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