Module 12:

Implementing Stored
Procedures
Vidya Vrat Agarwal. | MCT, MCSD
Overview

 Introduction to Stored Procedures

 Creating, Executing, and Modifying Stored Procedures
 Using Parameters in Stored Procedures
 Executing Extended Stored Procedures
Introduction of Stored Procedures

A stored procedure is a named collection of Transact-SQL statements that

is stored on the server. Stored procedures are a method of
encapsulating repetitive tasks that executes efficiently.

A precompiled collection of Transact-SQL statements stored under a name

and processed as a unit. SQL Server-supplied stored procedures are
called system stored procedures.
 Named Collections of Transact-SQL Statements
 Encapsulate Repetitive Tasks
 Five Types (System, Temporary, Local, Extended and Remote)
 Accept Input Parameters and Return Values
 Return Status Value to Indicate Success or Failure
Initial Processing of Stored Procedures

Creation
Creation Parsing
Parsing
Entries
Entries into
into sysobjects
sysobjects
and
and syscomments
syscomments tables
tables

Execution
Execution Optimization
(first Optimization
(firsttime
time
or
orrecompile)
recompile)

Compiled
Compiled plan
plan placed
placed in
in
Compilation
Compilation procedure
procedure cache
cache
Advantages of Stored Procedures

 Share Application Logic

 Shield Database Schema Details
 Provide Security Mechanisms
 Improve Performance
 Reduce Network Traffic
Creating Stored Procedures
 Create in Current Database with the CREATE
PROCEDURE Statement

Use library
GO
CREATE PROC[EDURE] overdue_books
AS
SELECT *
FROM dbo.loan
WHERE due_date < GETDATE()
GO

 Can Nest to 32 Levels

 Use sp_help to Display Information
EXEC overdue_books
Guidelines for Creating Stored Procedures

 dbo User Should Own All Stored Procedures

 One Stored Procedure for One Task
 Create, Test, and Debug on Server
 Avoid sp_ Prefix in Stored Procedure Names
 Use Same Connection Settings for All Stored Procedures
 Minimize Use of Temporary Stored Procedures
 Input parameters allow information to be passed into a
stored procedure. To define a stored procedure that accepts
input parameters, you declare one or more variables as
parameters in the CREATE PROCEDURE statement.
 The maximum number of parameters in a stored procedure
is 1024.
 Parameters are local to a stored procedure. The same
parameter names can be used in other stored procedures.
Using Input Parameters

Create Proc Pname

@myname varchar(20) = Vidya
as Step 1
print 'My Name is' + ' ' + @myname

Exec Procedure Name [Parameter] Step 2

Exec pname Vidya My Name is Vidya

Exec pname ‘Vidya Vrat’ My Name is Vidya Vrat
Exec pname My Name is Vidya
Pname My Name is Vidya
create proc pst
@sid as char(8)
as
select * from student
where student_id=@sid

exec pst '1111111'

1111111 Antonius Purba Male 20 Medan

Executing Stored Procedures with Input Parameters
 Passing Values by Reference
EXEC
EXEC addadult
addadult
@firstname
@firstname == 'Linda',
'Linda',
@lastname
@lastname == 'LaBrie',
'LaBrie',
@street
@street == 'Dogwood
'Dogwood Drive',
Drive',
@city
@city == 'Sacramento',
'Sacramento',
@state
@state == 'CA',
'CA',
@zip
@zip == '94203'
'94203'

 Passing Values by Position

EXEC
EXEC addadult
addadult 'LaBrie',
'LaBrie', 'Linda',
'Linda', null,
null,
'Dogwood
'Dogwood Drive',
Drive', 'Sacramento',
'Sacramento', 'CA',
'CA',
'94203',
'94203', null
null
Updating Data

 UPDATE statement
 NOCOUNT option
CREATE
CREATE PROCEDURE
PROCEDURE p_UpdateCategory
p_UpdateCategory
((
@CategoryID
@CategoryID int
int == null,
null,
@CategoryName
@CategoryName varchar(50)
varchar(50)
))
AS
AS
SET
SET NOCOUNT
NOCOUNT ON
ON
UPDATE
UPDATE Categories
Categories
SET
SET Category
Category == @CategoryName
@CategoryName
WHERE
WHERE CategoryID
CategoryID == @CategoryID
@CategoryID
Inserting Data

 INSERT Statement

CREATE
CREATE PROCEDURE
PROCEDURE p_InsertCustomer
p_InsertCustomer
((
@FName
@FName varchar(50),
varchar(50),
@LName
@LName varchar(50)
varchar(50)
))
AS
AS
SET
SET NOCOUNT
NOCOUNT ON
ON
INSERT
INSERT INTO
INTO Customers
Customers (FirstName,
(FirstName, LastName)
LastName)
VALUES
VALUES (@FName,
(@FName, @LName)
@LName)
Deleting Data

 DELETE Statement
CREATE
CREATE PROCEDURE
PROCEDURE p_DeleteCategory
p_DeleteCategory
((
@CategoryID
@CategoryID int
int == null
null
))
AS
AS
SET
SET NOCOUNT
NOCOUNT ON
ON
DELETE
DELETE FROM
FROM Categories
Categories
WHERE
WHERE CategoryID
CategoryID == @CategoryID
@CategoryID
 Returning Values with Output Parameters

CREATE
CREATE PROCEDURE
PROCEDURE mathtutor
mathtutor
Creating
CreatingStored
Stored @m1
@m1 smallint,
smallint,
Procedure
Procedure @m2
@m2 smallint,
smallint,
@result
@result smallint
smallint OUTPUT
OUTPUT
AS
AS
SET
SET @result
@result == @m1
@m1 ** @m2
@m2
Executing
ExecutingStored
Stored DECLARE
Procedure DECLARE @answer
@answer smallint
smallint
Procedure EXECUTE
EXECUTE mathtutor
mathtutor 5,
5, 6,
6, @answer
@answer OUTPUT
OUTPUT
SELECT
SELECT 'The
'The result
result is:
is: '' ,, @answer
@answer

Results
ResultsofofStored
Stored
Procedure
Procedure The
The result
result is:
is: 30
30
OUTPUT Parameter

Stored procedures can return information to the calling stored

procedure or client with output parameters (variables
designated with the OUTPUT keyword).
By using output parameters, any changes to the parameter
that result from the execution of the stored procedure can be
retained, even after the stored procedure completes
execution.
To use an output parameter, the OUTPUT keyword must be
specified in both the CREATE PROCEDURE and EXECUTE
statements.
If the keyword OUTPUT is omitted when the stored procedure
is executed, the stored procedure still executes, but it does
not return a value. i.e. Shows NULL .
Executing Extended Stored Procedures

 Increase SQL Server Functionality

 Are Programmed Using Open Data Services API
 Can Include C and C++ Features
 Can Be Added to the master Database Only

EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'dir c:\mssql7'

Return Statement

The RETURN statement exits from a query or stored

procedure unconditionally. It also can return an integer
status value (return code).
A return value of 0 indicates success; 1-99 indicates error
Return statement

create proc ps
@age int
as
if (@age > 28) return (1)
select * from student
where age >=@age
return(0)

declare @status int

exec @status= ps 20
select @status
Check Your Understanding.
Q.1 What is Stored Procedure.?
Q.2. How many types of stored procedures are available
with SQL server. ?
Q.3. You should use sp_ Prefix in Stored Procedure
Names.?

1. Yes
2. No
Q.4. Return Value, Indicates Success or Failure.?

1. True
2. False
Q.5. The maximum number of parameters in a stored
procedure is _____________ .
Q.6. What will be the output of the following :
EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'dir c:\mssql7’
Q.7. Name the five stored procedures available
with SQL Server.
Q.8. What are the Mistakes in the given Create Proc
command.
cREATE pROC Pname
myname varchar(20) = PIDel
as
print 'My Name is' + ' ' + @myname
Q.9. The same parameter names can be used in
other stored procedures.

1. True
2. False
Q.10. If the keyword OUTPUT is omitted when the stored
procedure is executed, the stored procedure still executes,
but it does not return a value.

1. True
2. False
Q.11. A junior SQL Server programmer asks you for help. She
executed a SQL statement on the server from her computer.
Before she could verify that it executed properly, she lost network
connectivity. From your computer, you access the server and use
the @@error system function. It returns a value of 0. What does
that indicate about the last statement executed on the server?
1. It stopped executing due to the loss of connectivity.
2. It logged an error number 0.
3. It logged an error with a severity level of 0.
4. It is executed successfully.
Q.12. You are the system administrator of a production
database server. You want to create a stored
procedure to automate certain administrative tasks on
the Finance database. You do not want the stored
procedure to be used in other databases. What type of
stored procedure should you use?
1. System
2. Local
3. Global temporary
4. Extended.
Review

 Introduction to Stored Procedures

 Creating, Executing, and Modifying Stored Procedures
 Using Parameters in Stored Procedures
 Executing Extended Stored Procedures
It is not enough
to aim
you must
Hit .

Thank You.