CIVIL

MARITIME SURVEILLANCE
BY SATELLITE

SOBCAH WORKSHOP – BERLIN 28 MARCH 2007

José Freitas
CIVIL MARITIME SECURITY BY SATELLITE

SUMMARY

• THE PROBLEMS TO SOLVE

• THE STATE OF THE ART
• THE FUTURE WITH SATELLITE
• CONCLUSION

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CIVIL MARITIME SECURITY BY SATELLITE

PROBLEMS TO OVERCOME

• SMUGGLING AND TRAFFICKING

• ILLEGAL FISHING, EEZ PROTECTION
• ILLEGAL IMIGRATION
• PIRACY

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CIVIL MARITIME SECURITY BY SATELLITE

AIS – AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS

• GPS RECEIVER IN EACH SHIP WITH VDL MODE D/L BROADCAST

• DYNAMIC AND STATIC DATA
• MADE MANDATORY IN 2002 BY IMO @ SOLAS REVISION
• ONLY SMALL SHIPS (YACHTS ETC NOT REQUIRED TO HAVE IT DEPLOYED)
• EXCEPTIONS OF USE INCLUDE SOME AREAS WHERE PIRACY IS A RISK (SOME
SEAS IN ASIA)
• VERY LOW COST
• SAFETY SIDE IMPROVEMENT

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CIVIL MARITIME SECURITY BY SATELLITE

AIS – SHIPBORNE SYSTEM

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CIVIL MARITIME SECURITY BY SATELLITE

RADAR VS AIS => FUSION

AIS ADVANTAGES:
ADVANTAGES
• AIS CAN COLLECT MORE DATA ON SHIPS.
• BIGGER NUMBER OF VESSELS TRACKED (450) OVER RADAR (20)
• LOWER COST ( SOMETIMES 1/100 OF THE PRICE )
• AIS USES VHF, WHICH GOES BEYOND LOS
• AIS IMUNE TO RAIN AND OTHER METEO PHENOMS

RADAR ADVANTAGES:
ADVANTAGES
• NOT ALL SHIPS WILL HAVE AIS, THEREFORE RADAR IS NEEDED.
• AIS IS COOPERATIVE SURVEILLANCE, DATA CAN BE TAMPERED OR
OMITTED

AIS COMPLEMENTS RADAR

VTS USES FUSION( AIS + RADAR + DIRECTION FINDER )

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CIVIL MARITIME SECURITY BY SATELLITE

FISHING ACTIVITIES MONITOR - MONICAP

• FISHING SHIPS CONTROL

• SOME COUNTIES IN
EUROPE AND AFRICA
• GPS + INMARSAT
• AVAILABLE TO SEVERALL
END USERS

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CIVIL MARITIME SECURITY BY SATELLITE

AIRBORNE SURVEILLANCE

AIRCRAFT:
• PORTUGUESE FISHING SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
SIFICAP USES AGUSTA WESTLAND EH-101 AND
CASA 212 AVIOCAR

NEXT IMMEDIATE STEP: UAVS

• LONGER ENDURANCE
• REDUCED OPERATION COST
• VERY LIKELY TO APPEAR IN PROJECTS IN THE NEXT
ESRP CALLS.
• DATA RELAY (EG AIS DATA TO SHORE, OR SATCOM)

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CIVIL MARITIME SECURITY BY SATELLITE

SATELLITE IMAGERY LEGACY IN SURVEILLANCE

MILITARY USE
• USED FOR IMINT, SIGINT , ALREADY IN THE LATE 50S,
EVEN WITHOUT DATALINK FOR SHORT-TIME (RADIO
NOT RELIABLE/PERFORMANCE FOR MANY YEARS)

CIVIL EARTH OBSERVATION

• ESA’S ERS, ETC
.
METEO USAGE
• STARTED IN 1959 WITH VANGUARD 2,
• GEOSTATIONARY OR POLAR ORBITING

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CIVIL MARITIME SECURITY BY SATELLITE

SATELLITE USAGE – THE CHALLENGE

• ADDED VALUE:
- CAN DETECT ACTIONS (OIL SPILL, SMUGGLING)
- CAN COVER NON RADAR & NON AIS DATA
- CAN VERIFY AIS ACCURACY/VERACITY/USAGE
• BUT…
- SAT IMAGERY IS EXPENSIVE
- SATELLITES MOVE IN HELIO-SYNCRONOUS LOW-ORBITS , AND DO NOT HOVER OR TURN ON
COMMAND
- SEA IS VAST AND GOOD RESOLUTION IS NEEDED TO IDENTIFY A SHIP
- CORRELATION BETWEEN IMAGES TAKEN WITHIN HOURS OF EACH OTHER MUST BE MADE TO
IDENTIFY THE SHIP AS LOGIC MOVING ELEMENT
- ONLY NEWEST SAR (SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR) ARE OF HIGH RESOLUTION
• NEEDED ARE:
- EFFICIENT USE OF IMAGE
- POST PROCESSING ALGORITHMS
- FAST DATA LINKS
- DATA FUSION (MORE DATA SOURCES)
- MORE, OPERATIONALLY CHEAPER AND BETTER SATELLITES

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CIVIL MARITIME SECURITY BY SATELLITE

ESA - GLOBAL MONITORING FOR ENVIRONMENT AND SECURITY

ESA INITIATIVE FOR SECURITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY (SECURITY)

USING SATELLITE IMAGERY
MARISS
- MARINE INFORMATION SERVICE
- = SAT + RADAR + AIS

SERVICES:
- Vessel detection in open sea areas [Class 1]
- Vessel tracking at sea borders [Class 2]
- Anomalies detection in specific critical areas
[Class 3]
- European Level Integration Service [Class 4]
• ESA SAR Images to be SED (ESA’S ERS-2
and ENVISAT)
•AIS (Portuguese Islands Ports, etc)
- http://gmes-
http://gmes-mariss.com
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CIVIL MARITIME SECURITY BY SATELLITE

CONCLUSION DATA FUSION

AN EFFECTIVE MARITIME AWARENESS PICTURE CAN BE OBTAINED WITH THE

DATA FUSION OF ALL THE SYSTEMS:

AIRPLANES
AND UAV SATELLITE
COASTAL
RADAR

MARITIME
AWARENESS

AIS
SPECIFIC SYSTEMS
(MONICAP)

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CIVIL MARITIME SECURITY BY SATELLITE

Av. D. João II, Lote 1.17.02

?
Torre Fernão Magalhães, 7º
1998-
1998-025 Lisbon
Portugal
Tel: +351 21 382 93 66
Fax: +351 21 386 64 93
http://www.skysoft.pt

José L.S. Freitas – jose.freitas@skysoft.pt

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