6 weeks Training in

Doordarshan Jalandhar

Presented by:-
Rahul Arora
Prashant Paul
Vishal Chopra
Vikas Anand
INTRODUCTION
 Doordarshan kendra serving an
individual organization which plays
an important role in TVs cinema
 It provides free to air channels DD-
1,DD-NEWS and many more
 It originates the programmes and
telecast on the channel
 The inauguration of transmitter at
jalandhar was done on april 27,1975
by Sh I.K Gujaral union minister of
information and broadcasting
 Another channel is telecasted by the
doordarshan in punjabi is DD-Punjabi
 First studio in Punjab was made at
jalandhar
 VARIOUS SECTIONS OF DD-
KENDRA
 STUDIO
 TRANSMITTER
 EARTH STATION
 ENG
 NLE
 OB VAN
 STUDIOS
 Television signals for broadcasting
are originated by cameras ,recorded
at the studios and replayed by video
tape recorders, mixed in studio
vision mixers and finally distributed
for transmission.
 Action In this includes staging,
lightening, performance by artists .
 There are three different studios :-
Studio A
Studio B
Studio C
 Studio A is largest studio in

comparison to B & C used for main

recordings (like for the program me
“LISHKARA” and “STAR NIGHT”)
 Studio B is used for the live

programme like discussions, news &

sajjari sawer.
 Studio C is the last studio.
 It is used ocassionly.
 Studios are acoustic treated to provide
good quality of sound.
 Very efficient air conditioning is required
for the heat dissipation by the studio
lights.
 There is three setup of cameras in the
studio A.
 Studio warning lights and safety devices
like fire alarm system and fire fighting
equipments.
 CAR
 This stands for central apparatus
room.
 Car is basically a channel or path
through which the video signal pass.
 All studio has its own CCU ie. camera
control unit.
 PCR ie panel control room
 The no. or model of video consol is
PDS 9000.
 ENG
 Eng stands for electronic news
gathering.
 The purpose of eng is to gather news
from different outside locations.
 Cameras used in eng section are
small and light weight.
 These cameras are called camcoders.
 The cameras used in ENG have three
sections :-
A camera lens and optics:- to form
optical image
A transducer or pick up device:- to
convert optical image into electrical
signal.
Electronics:- to process the output of
transducer.
 Video Tape recorders

 VTR room is provided at each studio

center. It houses at least two console
type 1”videotape recorders (VTRs)
and a few Broadcast standard
Videocassette recorders (VCRs). In
these recorders, sound and video
signals are recorded simultaneously
on the same tape.
 These are the VTR used to see the
previews.
 Control panel is below them from where
all the control are managed
 Computer Section
 It is basically related to editing.
 There are two types of editings.

1. Linear editing.

2. Non linear editing.

 Softwares used in non linear editing.

 For news editing Velocity 6.0 is used.

 For graphics MOV CG 2003 n Adobe

photoshop.
 For programme editing velocity 8.0 and

FCP (final cut pro)

 Leatch server used in graphics section.
 It can record the programmes upto 24
hrs and more.
 With this leatch server we can play and
record the programmes
simultaneously.
 It consists of 3 recorders and players.
 Video logger is also used. Its can record
the programmes upto 3 months.
 It is for making a backup any pro.
 Non linear editing
Problem with Linear Editing
1) Editing is sequential – first shot first

2) Long hours spent on rewinding of tapes , search

3) of material

4) Potential risk of damage to original footage

5) Difficult to insert a new shot in an edit

6) Difficult to experiment with Variations

7) Quality loss more in analog; even with digital

8) Limited Compositing, effects, color correction

9) Capability
 What is NLE
1) NLE is video editing in digital format with
2) standard computer based technology
3) Computer technology is harnessed in
Random
4) access, computational and manipulation
5) capability, multiple copies, intelligent
search,
6) sophisticated project and media
management
7) tools, standard interfaces, and powerful
display
 OB-VAN
 It is known as outdoor broadcasting van
and used for outer coverage.
 Events like sports, functions are covered
by this van.
 It consists of 8 cameras and 3 external
sources and 4 VTR.
 LSM:- LIVE SLOW MOTIN MACHINE. It is
used to play the replays in slow motion.
 There are also pc racks, mixers vtr
racks.
 DSNG
 This is known as direct satellite news
gathering.
 It works simultaneously with OB van.
 Its also called as mobile earth station.
 The dish can be aligned acc to the
requirement.
 Monitors are available in this van to
check the telecast.
 High power ups are also available in
this van.
 EARTH STATION
 It is the major section.
 Epuipment operates in frequency
range of 5.85Ghz to 6.42Ghz for
transmit.
 And for receiving 3.625Ghz to 4.2Ghz.
 The antenna consists of lna, antenna
control unit, reciever, up convertor
system, high power amplifier.
 Transmission system carries digital
base band system signals from studio
to earth station site to minimize the
noise interface.
 The base band system is monitered
and control through a base band NMS
PC.
 It also comprises of digital multiplexers
and digital modulators.
 The compression segment comprises of
MPEG encoders for providing
redundancy.
 Features of ES
 A fiber optics connectivity to two SDI
video and two AES audio signals.
 System configured in mcpc(2+1)
MODE.
 Base band processing fully digital inc
I/P video and audio signal
 Digital encodeing sys complaint to
MPEG.
 Single point remote monitoring for
video and audio.
 System layout
 There are different racks in DD.
 These the racks used to have a
smooth flow of signals.
 Like video, audio RF and control so
as to cabling length b/w the racks.
 A fiber optics link of 200mts with
NMS control cable for base band is
provided b/w the studio and earth
station.
 Video chain of OB VAN
 Output from the switcher goes to stabilizing amplifier via PP and
VDAs.
Output from the stab. Is further distributed to various destinations.
It may be noted that the use of VDAs helps to monitor the video
signal at different locations and the use of PP is very helpful for
emergency arrangements during breakdowns and trouble shooting.

 A separate monitoring bus is provided in CCU, LCU and END

CONTROL with sources as.

 END CONTROL also has a remote for the adjustment of levels etc. in
the STAB AMP unit. R

 out for the other sources is similar to this and can be understood
from the block schematic.