Motivation & Job Performance

Motivation: It means inspiring workers’ motives to do work with zeal and sincerity, and hence
with efficiency. Here managemment has to win the workers’ heart and mind. It consists in increasing
employees’ morale and satisfaction. This depends mainly on the following three kinds of satisfaction:
(1) Economic satisfaction arising from factors like good
wages,. job security, welfare measures.
(2) Psychological satisfaction arising from the
management’s humane treatment with labour, and regard
for his feelings, sentiments and emotions.
(3)Sociological satisfaction arising from provision of
status in society, social prestige, recognition.
Theory X and Theory Y: It is McGregor, Douglas who
has given the theme of dual nature of human being into
management philosphy. Theory X is based on the following
assumptions:
(1)Average human being has an inherent dislike of work
and will avoid it if he can.
(2)Because of this human characteristic of dislike of work,
most of the people must be coerced and threatened with
punishment to get them on work.
(3) The average human being prefers to be directed, wishes
to avoid responsibility, wants security.
Theory Y is based on the following assumptions:
(1)People are active, resourceful and imaginative.
(2)People have psychological need to work.
(3)They exercise self direction and self control.They like to
make achievement.
(4) They assume responsibility and work is as natural as
play to them.
Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory:
Because of its simplicity and logic, this theory has gained
wide acceptance. The hierarchy of needs- Physiological
needs, Safety needs, Social needs, Esteem needs and Self-
actualization needs. Beginning from the physiological
needs, as one need is satisfied, the person moves up the
ladder to the next unsatisfied need.
Frederick, Herzberg’s Motivator-Hygiene Theory:
This theory suggests that two separate sets of factors
influence the worker’s attitude towards his job.
Achievement, Recognition, Advancement, Work,
Responsibility and Personal growth are called motivators
or satisfiers. Company policies and Administration,
Supervision, Working conditions, Personal life,
Interpersonal relations, Salary, Security and Status are
called hygiene factors.