Analogue Modem

Modem – Stands for modulation /demodulation

Modem enable two computers to communication using PSTN

(public switched telephone network)

Modem translate computer’s digital information into series of bits

which can be transported over telephone lines

PC V.90 33 K SERVICE
MODEM PROVIDER INTERNET
56 K

Conventional Modem Connection

 Analogue Modem

 Conventional modems operated at speed such as

33600 bps on a standard network line with a 3.4 kHz
analogue bandwidth
 Modern modems do not transmit one bit at a time
 Instead they transmit one symbol at a time. A symbol
may comprise more than one bit
 DSL(Digital Subscriber Line)

 Despite its name, DSL does not refer to a physical line

but to a Modem or rather a pair of Modems . A DSL
Modem pair creates a digital subscriber line, but the
network does not purchase the lines when it buys ADSL
- it already owns those - it purchase Modems. DSL
technology uses existing twisted-pair telephone lines to
transport high-bandwidth data, such as multimedia and
video, to service subscribers.

Existing Existing
Copper Core Copper DSL
DSL Line DSL DSL Line
Network
 DSL

 Dsl modem transmit in duplex over copper lines up to

5 KMs
 DSl modem use twisted pair band width from 0 to 80
Khz, with simultaneous use of analouge service.
 To interconnect multiple DSL users to a high-speed
backbone network, the telephone company uses a
Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM).
The DSLAM aggregates data transmission from all
access DSL lines and then connects to an
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) network
 DSL
 Most DSL technologies require that a signal splitter be installed at
a customer premise. However, it is possible to manage the
splitting remotely from the central office. This is known as
splitterless DSL, "DSL Lite," G.Lite, or Universal ADSL.

Types of DSL Technology

 
 HDSL (High bit rate Digital Subscriber Lines)
 ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)
 G.Lite ( Universal DSL )
 SDSL (Single-line Digital Subscriber Line)
 IDSL (Integrated Services Digital Network DSL)
 VDSL (Very-high-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line)
 ADSL
At the simplest level, ADSL is a high-speed replacement
for a Conventional Modem or ISDN adapter that allows
you to access the Internet faster

PC V.90 33 K SERVICE
MODEM PROVIDER INTERNET
56 K

Conventional Modem Connection

PC 640 K
ADSL SERVICE
MODEM PROVIDER INTERNET

8000 K
ADSL MODEM CONNECTION
Tele.
Exch.
ADSL (Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber
Line)
ASYMMetrical:
 Speed of operation is Asymmetrical ie. Downstream
rate much higher than the upstream rates
DIGITAL:
 Operate on bit stream& intended for carrying Digital
information.
Subscriber line:
 Operates on the existing Subscriber’s Line to the local
exchange
 ADSL

 For a traditional telephone network, twisted-pair

cables are used to transport only telephone voice
signals. Whereas with the introduction of the ADSL
technology, not only voice signals, but also high-
speed data signals can be transported over the
telephone wire, and the two types of signals do not
interfere each other, thus improving the utilization of
the line
 Principle used in ADSL

 ADSL employs the special modulation-demodulation

hardware to connect ends of the existing twisted-pair
cable. It creates a pipeline with three channels. The ADSL
communication pipeline contains a high-speed downlink
channel (to the user end), an uplink channel and a POTS
channel (0 kHz ~ 4 kHz). The POTS channel is used to
ensure normal voice communications even if the ADSL
connection fails.
 ADSL uses a very simple method – compression – to
obtain amazing rate. It uses very advanced DSP and
algorithms to compress as much information as possible
in the telephone wire (twisted pair
 Benefits of ADSL
 Can talk on the phone and use the Internet at the same time
 ADSl works on an existing single phone line
 Can connect to the Internet at up to 140 times faster than
analog modems
 Connection to the Internet is “always on”.
 Home has its own dedicated connection.
 Connection is highly Reliable .
 Connection is highly Secure.
 Faster digital download.
 Faster and bettre multimedia .
 Disadvantages of ADSL

 Service not available everywhere

 Variable speeds depending upon time of the day
 Faster download than upload
 Line testing takes a long time
ADSL Components - Service provider
 The implementation of ADSL by the Service Provider is shown in Figure
below
PC
ADSL SERVICE
MODEM PROVIDER INTERNET

PC
ADSL
MODEM DSLAM BRAS INTERNET
ISP

Within the block that identified simply as 'Service provider', there are
three important components:

 DSLAM - DSL Access Multiplexer

 B-RAS - Broadband Remote Access Server
 ISP - Internet Service Provider
DSLAM (DSL Access Multiplexer)
 A Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM)
is a network device, usually at a telephone company
central office, that receives signals from multiple
customer Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) connections
and puts the signals on a high-speed backbone line
using multiplexing techniques. Depending on the
product, DSLAM multiplexers connect DSL lines with
some combination of asynchronous transfer mode
(ATM), frame relay, or Internet Protocol networks
 The DSLAM intermixes voice-frequency signals and
high-speed DSL data traffic onto a customer's DSL line.
It also separates incoming phone and data signals and
directs them onto the appropriate carrier's network.
Voice calls are sent to the PSTN, and data are sent to
the DSLAM, where it passes to the Internet, then back
through the DSLAM and ADSL modem before returning
to the customer's PC. More DSLAM channels a phone
company has, the more customers it can support
B-RAS (Broadband Remote Access
Server)
 The BRAS is the piece of equipment that sits between
the DSLAM at the telephone exchange and the ISP
that connects to the Internet. It may be in local
exchange or it may be elsewhere in service provider's
network.  Single BRAS will probably handle
connections from several DSLAMs.
 The purpose of the BRAS is to unwrap the various
protocols inside which data travels over the ADSL
connection. It also makes connection to the ISP
appear exactly as if the connection is by using a dial-up
modem
 ISP (Internet Service Provider)

 The Broadband Access Servers are connected to an Internet

Service Provider or ISP. This is the place where the connection
to the Internet is made.
 
 The ISP usually provides other services like mail and news
servers, and may cache frequently-used pages from the Internet
so that the access can be more quickly.

 The ISP treats ADSL connections exactly the same as

connections made using ordinary Dial-up modems or ISDN.
The specific tasks include:
 Aggregates the circuits from one or more link access
devices such as DSLAMs
 Provides layer 2 connectivity through either transparent
bridging  or ATM sessions
 Enforces quality of service (QoS) policies
 Provides layer 3 connectivity and routes IP traffic
through an internet service provider’s backbone
network to the Internet