Biochemistry checklist for csir

Sat, 09/18/2010 - 09:17 karthikasri

1. Three compulsory lists that must be at your tips-

 Ketogenic and Glucogenic amino acids.

 Essential and Nonessential amino acids.
 Basic, Acidic, Sulphur containing amino acids.
2. Regulatory Enzymes of pathways e.g.

 Citrate synthesis in citric acid cycle.

 Phosphofructokinase in Glycolysis.
 Pyruvate dehydrogenase in Pyruvate Oxidation.
 Pyruvate Carboxykinase in Gluconeogenesis.
 Glycogen Synthase in Glycogenesis.
 Phosphorylase in Glycogenolysis.
 G6PD in PPP.
 HMG CoA reductase in cholesterol synthesis.
3. Search for ATP estimates e.g.,

 8 ATP’s per Glucose molecule in Glycolysis under

aerobic conditions.
 30 ATP’s per Pyruvate molecule entering citric
acid cycle.
 129 ATP’s per palmitate undergoing boxidation.
4. Look for regulatory molecules and feedback
inhibitions e.g.,

 Glucose-6-phosphate inhibition on hexokinase.

 Citrate’s inhibitory effect on phosphofructokinase
1.
 Alanine’s inhibitory effect on Pyruvate kinase.
 Acetyl CoA’s inhibitory effect on Pyruvate
dehydrogenase.
 Long chain acyl CoA’s inhibitory effect on Acetyl
CoA carboxylase.
5. Look for subcellular organelles where the
reactions specifically occur.

 Enzymes of citric acid cycle in mitochondrial

matrix.
 Enzymes of Glycolysis in cytosol.
 Enzymes of pentose phosphate pathway in
cytosol.
 Enzymes of denovo synthesis of fatty acids in
cytosol.
 Enzymes of fatty acid oxidation in mitochondria.
6. Always have a clarity regarding precise role of
various lipoproteins.

 HDL is cholesterol scavenger.

 Chylomicrons carry dietary cholesterol.
 VLDL are vehicles of transport of triacylglycerol
from the liver to extrahepatic tissues.
7. Vitamins and their role as coenzymes e.g.,

 Thiamine in oxidative decarboxylation.

 Niacin in dehydrogenase reactions.
 Pantothenic acid in CoA.
 Pyridoxal phosphate in muscle phosphorylase.
 Biotin in carboxylase enzymes.
 Vitamin B12 to produce succinyl CoA.
 Folate in transfer of one-carbon units.
8. Products that accumulate in metabolic disorders
e.g.,

 Homogenisate in urine of Alkaptonuria patients

 Phenyl acetyl glutamine in phenylketonuria.
 Xanthurenate in Vitamin B6 deficiency.
 Branched chain ketonuria in Mapple syrup urine
disease.
9. Check for key enzymes responsible for Metabolic
disorders e.g.,

 Glucose-6-phosphates in von Gierkes.

 Hepatic fructokinase in essential fructosuria.
 Galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase in
Galactosemia.
 Cystathionine-b-synthase in homocystinuria.
10. Where NADH forms, where NADPH forms, where
FADH2 forms, where substrate level
phosphorylation occurs e.g.,

 FADH2 in succinate dehydrogenase in citric acid

cycle.
 NADH in all degradative reactions.
 NADPH in all synthetic reactions