~tJ

_)~...ul ~b....u ~I

~~tU;'h'<'4.~ jA}il w~ ..::J~4)1 ~t.....,i .;04)1 - ..::J~ ~~I ~

jj_)~...ul

f;>~ ~ ~lj '"

J..CWI..::J~4)1 ~t.....,i

. w· II -..::Jl.i..Jj w :;JI ~

va :.r' . _~ -

_)~...ul

~.) (.)o"~ ~~jlt -¥ jA)11 w~ ..::J~4)1 ~t.....,i .;04)1 - ..::J~ ~~I ~

, ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• .d, 4,j 0"

C\ ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• .a.-o-li..a , - ,

'Y •••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••..••••••••.•• ~WI ~IJ rWI ~I Y-' 'Y •••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••.•••••••••••••••••..••..•••••••• ~.:Aa...JI,j},fo r - ,

'0 4.:~I .1,Jy!a}IJ ¥I~)'I .1,Jy!a}I f-'

'V ••••••••••.••.•••••••••..••.•••..••••••.•••••••••.•• 4.:J.l:I.. _,ll J .l ~ _,ll 4.:~ 0-,

". . r:.;;..JW

"f W,~, ~ ~~ ,- y

"V •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••.•.••••••.•.••..•• ~~, 4.l~l..a..all " - "

r C\ •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ~tJI ~li:l.II ~)' .ll..a..all r - Y

f r J,ol.S:l.ll J,o\.c. ) ~\:l ~j JJ_}j ~\jj ~.lt.- f - Y

f /\ ••..•••••..••..•••••.•••.••..•••....•..•••...•.... ~I ~li:l.II ~~ .ll..a..all 0- Y

of •••.••••••..••..••.•.•••••••••.....•...•.••• ~ ~j JJ_}j ~\jj ~~.lt.- i-Y

'\, .............•...........................................•............. ~..JW

- , -

v» o..lA~l ~,.)W\ '-f

'" o~~, -..>#- ~'_JW, Y - r

At ~~IJ _,..u.ll Jj~ f-f

A' 0.)\ ~l 4 y Jj~ t - r

A 4\ ..biU\ ~'Jj~ o-'t"

4\ £ ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ~Jw

c)Jf..J, ~)' <JA ~JW' ~l.i:al' u~Jla..J' : ~')' ~l:J\ l;1al\ u'+JJl\J

1\1\ ~

1\ 1\ f(y') = 0 o_;_,.all ~ ~\jj w~~'- ,-t

, ., .•......•..............•.•...•.• f(x, y') = 0 o_;_,.all ~ ~\jj w~~'- y-t

, • f fry, y') = 0 o_;_,.all ~ ~\jj w~~'- f-t

, • f ~'...» ':J. ~~'- £ - f

, • V J~ ~~'- 0- f

, ., ~.Jw

"f 4..a~

"0 ~~I ~)I0-0~~1 ~I ~\jjll w~~~1 J_,b. ual~ ,-0

'Yf ~~ ~u dj~-\II4li.\I • ~blJ ~ ~\.ijJ w~.lta..JI ~ Y-o

• .,~ .1JI"(.)4 .. , ..

_\'_

,rv ~ _".n.. ~t £-0

, 0'\ ..•.••.•..........•...•...•••....•.................................... ~_)~

o JiW ~la..a U\j ~W u'i Jla..a : (JMJl.wJ\ '-:l41\

, '\ '\ . . . . .. .. . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. .. . .. . . . .. .. . . .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . ~1.LJ1.;l:_,l ~.l1.a.A , - '\

'''' ~.JW

, /\ 'I' ~I.LJI (!?I_» 'J ~.l1.a.A 'I' - '\

,4\, ~.)W

'4\r 6WI w'JWI ~ r-'\

" • " ~.JW

~ tJ\ ..>F ~la..tJ\ ~.;.b : ~l.wJ\ '-:l41\

'I' .0 ••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••.••••..•....•••..•... 4.i;..,;bll ~I o.)_,...:J1 ,-V

y ., U~ "-V

".v ~~ "'('-V

'I' • V 4.i;.,;l:J1 ~ .l J:!5 £ - V

'1" 0 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ~.)W

" , '\ ......•................................................................ 4....li.-o '-A

'I' '1''1' ~_".n.. 4..t.J '1'-/\

Yr, ~.)W

_ 'f' _

Yfo ~~)' ~~

Y f r -~..,;.e.S.l' ...;' .J~\ ~~

y fA .. · ~, ~~

101 0'" J _L 'I '. ~

\ l... . . ~ l tJ ',0'

,,0, ~JW

y" '--i:~ ,_,,,

y "l , L { } yj.J1 (,)QI~ y-, •

lV' ~, ~'i ~~ r-, "

lvr «..::J~ ~'i. ~~ f-'"

YVo ...•..•...•..•..• ' •.••.•.....•.••.•.•••••••••.•.•.•.•• ~'J ~~ ~~ 0-, "

~ A'i ~JW

Y·4\ r , , ~~ ,-"

Y '\ V .J.Jl:!l:j ~~.;l::a .,. -, ,

".. " y .., c_)JJ ~.J_)~.;l::a f -, ,

~, f ~.JW

r, '\ .

r'Y 0 ~ ~',JAl'

~'i" ~L ~';'I -Ltl.......i. _i ~ ." ., ...... li.. 4...J....4li::J1 ~')'.l1...J1 ~I 'L.

.. ..J ....~ (' J""W rr IF (' UJ.J:!-I ---.. .J

~ '-f:jL.I~1 ~I.J ~~)I ~I ~1.J.l ~ ~L- ~J JJL.:a)'4 ~~I.J

~ ~ ~1 ~ly.J ~li::J1 ~')'.l1...J1 ~.J~.J' ~~')'I.J ~.l~"')'1 ('_,wI

• L':~ _UI ~')'6...

........ .J ('J""W •

lw:a.JC- y!ac. (,S.l6J1 y411 ~.J J.:j~J ~')' ~~ y!.WI y411 ~ I.li.w:al ~ s .s« '~I....-J I..J~I U.l . ~ . ~I I~L 4...J....4li::JI ~')' .l1...J1 ~ ~

J:'*'" ~ • ..J.J ('. .. ....

_ 0 _

ytx) ~.J ~\:j ~.J x ~J Jil.- ~ ~ f.SJW ~ ~ ~\.ij]I ~\a..JI

-==-

: 4...W1 0 .;_,,_!I ~ It-it f.Si y'. y" •...... ~\i:ilI ~~ 0-- .;s1 .) ~I J.J

F (X. y. y'. y'~ J = 0

OZ OZ 02 Z

G (X, y, Z, -, -, -2 ' ) =0

OX oy OX

y",2 + 2 v" - 5y = sin X

: ~llill ~~~t-ll ~I ~ ~J (1)

y'+xy =~ (2)

02 z. 02Z OZ

-+2xy--+-=x (3)

ox2 oxy oy

.

U~t- (3) ~~t-ll ~ ~~\.c. ~l£j ~~t- 4l.. xs (1). (2) ~bt-ll W1 ~

.~. ~l£j

.. .» ..

w1.b~ .a.lJ\.a..J1 ~ ~li,j J,o~ ~\ (o_,!) 4.J.l ~ : Degree ~.aLaLt ~J.a

• ~ ... cII ·.'1' iJ\.:.. u.....:al.i:lll ~t-ll .. c"\

#~ <..s_,... (JA # # ~ w~

4 ~I J ~\!ill ~)\ ().o (1) .a.lJt-l1 wl ~ ~\.....JI ~I.i:lll ~'J J\.a..J1 ~ ~ ().o ~li,j ~ (3) .a.lJ\.a..J\ ~t , ~}JI 4~IJ ~}JI 4l)1 ().o (2) .a.lJt-l1 4. tF\!il1 . I ~I ~ JlI .tu\!ill ~)I '.A (\"'u""1 J . L . ~) 4.Jj •

'-S"'J • .) J.. . (JA I..rJ .) ~ # .. ..»

:~

.

UJt-ll ~ y = y(x) UIJlI ~ : Solution of D.E. ~~t a.a.aLaLt Ja

• #"l"\'\F/- ,,, ./I,)-O'll.I!"'1 • \....l.I~ J. {x.y.Y.y •....... Y. - ~I.IU.I

• OjA n J~ ~li ('

F {x, ytx), y' (x) •....... yfn)(x)) = 0 : <..Sl ~1.ilI\ .a.lJt-l1 ~ (Y

- " -

. ~~ c ~ y" + Y = 0 ~t£i.l1 ~.lL...Jl Sb y(x) = c sin x 01 .~

y(x) = c sin x,

y'(x) = c cos x,

y' , (x) = -c sin x :J~~j~-,

y"(x) + y(x) = -x sin x + x sin x = 0

U.lL...Jl ~ .J-A ~~ c ~ In y + ~ = c, y> 0 (1) J .~

y

dy

(y-x) dx +y=O (2)

: x ~1 ~4Iny+ ~=c ~..;b ~~ y

dy

y-x-

_!_dy+ dx 0

y dx y2

(y-x) dy +y=O dx

- ,y -

: General Solution and Particular Solution ~&i.lt ~'t ,,~, Jall-'

~.J~I ~I; e,S1 ~ ~'J ~\.Illi ~t-l, Jb.: y:.. e,S1 _,A ,-""",WI J=JI \..1 . o~ ~ rWI J=JI ~ '-:!.J~ '11 ~1;11 ,y:. ~_,.:Jl4 G~l ~ J.w:W .li J

Y =5 _2e3x

F (x; y, CI. Cl, •••••...•• c,J = 0 (l)

'" bull J:JJ ~\.Illi ~t-ll ~ J~J' ,-:!.;\~I ~I; C" cs. ...... , cn ~ • (/) AJ..lla.Jl ~lil.!i.J1 W.o n e,S JiIol

~~I 0-0 lllt- n ~ 4j~'i4 (l) AJ..lt-l1 ,y:. o.;\.~ ~'J..lt-ll W.o n+l ~.lI w~ AJJt...J1 t...· I --, L L ~ l.U:.i..'J1 ~I ~':'I I....lb. -. <. ~. ~ n L\.l,lC. ":11 4..J...:c:.\.Ill1

~~"-J .. .J.. ._,... ~.J ~ ..

. ~..,ll-ll ~\l:J1

- n·-

y = C sin x .... ,. ... ... ... ... ... (1)

: J ,n

y' = C cos x (2)

~).b.J1 ~~ U-lt...J1 wfo." (1) e,sk (2) ~ (1) • (2) W:!i\>l. J1 0A C Uh.l . y' = Y cot x : ~

: .l~1 ~ (1) r (2) 0A C I...lb.l ~

y sinxl=o y' cos~

=> Y cosx- y' sinx=O

.: y' = ycotx

: r~ '+h ~I ~\.i:ill A.bt...J1 .l.?-.,,1

y = CI e2x + C2 e3x •.••..••••••••..•..•.•....••.•.... , ........••••....•....•..••..........•.•.•..•.. (1)

. LJl:!)Ji;1 LJ~~ CI, C2 ~

: ." (1)·' '-Ill.! ()JJjO u-.

y = 2cI e2x + 3 C2e3x .••.•••••••••••••.••••••••..•.•••.•.••••••••••..•...•••••..•.••••.••.••• (2)

y" = 4 CI e2x + 9 C2 e3x .••...••••.•••..•••...••••...•.••••••• , ••••• , ••.••••••..••.••.•••••.•••. (3)

:CI, C2~

-H-

y elx e3x
y' 2e2x 3e3x =0
y" 4e2x ge3x
y 1 1
y' 2 3 =0 =:) y (18-12) - y(9-4) + y'(3-2) = 0
y" 4 9 . .. y" - 5y' + 6y = 0

y_x2 1 ~

y'-2x 0 01 = 0

y"-2 0

.: y"-2 = 0

y" = 2

- '0 -

Initial Conditions and Boundary Conditions

~ J ~ <.iJ1 .k_,y!J1 ~ ~ ~JWI ~\.i::J1 ~'J JL-l1 Jjl..- ~ ~ ~IJJI .l....:!~ 0-- I ;;<4; <.iJ1 c.sA .k_,y!J1 01\_, . ~JWI ~\.i::J1 4JJL-l1 ~ . rWI ~I J~'i 44';;"'411 J,.\5.lI1 ~\.:l-.14,.);; rWI ~I ~ ~ <.iJ1 ~.J~'JI

: J.-.-J\

y(x) =x2 + c ,',3=4+c

c =-1

~\.i::J1 4.bL-l1 J,.~ .ky!J1 ~ ~yUl4 y(x) = xl - 1 y _,ll-ll ~I .;

.

. (2,3) 4..bilI4 y.: ~, ~ ~ ~I_,

. - I:i t.. - (~) 4.Jj~1 ~)I ' 4.JJWI ~\.i::J1 4JJla..Jl WI . L 'I '\.S W

~ ~ (.$~ _. U'4 _ - r ~ u _,

Wlby!J1 wl1\_' , 4JJla..Jl w~~J wlby!. JF.-_' ~~I ~.l:Ul r~ I~ , ~.J~I

: ~_, ~ i.J_"'- 1~4

y(xoJ = a

y'(xo) = b

4)1 .41ll11 WJL-l1 ~_, xo .l..,_jc. ~I~'JI .k_,y!J4 uyU .k_,Y?11 ~ W}! . Initial Value Problem ~I~'JI ~I 4Jt.- ~I~'JI .k_,y!J1 ~J U~'i4

- " -

. Boundary Value Problem ~

!.sA y 4l~I 4l1.l11 ~ ~}JI ~)I ()o ~\.ij Ult...J ~~ 'OJ_,_11 : iraJ''t : 'II J_,wJI ~ ~tiS ~ ~'.1 y' = f(x. y)

P (x, y) dx + Q (x, y) dy = 0

y" = x,

y(O) = 1,

y' (0) =-1

: J ,D

Y=..!.. X3 +c x+c

6 I 2

. 'OI..b...JI 4l.lla..Jl rWI J,:JI ~ tS.l11

I 1 2 •

y=2x+cl~

: ~I.llI\'I.b ''''1. _i • ---:'L

... .1..}'- 1S""~.r-'.

y' (0) =-1 y (0) = 1

-1 = c, 1 = C2

c, =-1

y= ~x3-x+ 1

-w-

~ : ~\.ull A.l~t-ll W"IWI ~I ~ _jl y" = 6x + 2

y(O) = 2 ,

y(2) = 8

: J ,1\

: 01 ~ , x ~J ~4 LJi1JA A.l~ta..JI c.si ~ J.o~

y (0) = 2 y (2) = 8

.~ .. ~

.: 8 = 8 + 4 + 2A + 2

y' = f(x, y) (1)

y (xJ = Yo , (2)

:R oJ~1 ~I ~I ~~_;a.J1 f(x, y)~I.ll1 Wj\S I~JJ

.,~ .I~ I. b. ·~'ul.l.:'ua, ~

w~ M ~-"" JJc. ~J I~J (.51 oJJ~ ~ ~J ~ f (x,y) ~I.lll -, • If(x,y)1 ~ M

.d ;1,;011 ~ (2) ~'~'il .l,y!J1 ~y = y(x) ~J J.:a.. 41 w~ (1) ~Jla..J1 W~ . h=min(a,~) ~, Ix-xol ~ h

• y' = ~ + v": y (0) = 0 ~I~'i' ~W ~J J.:a.. J~J uc- ~,

: J .,n

• x,y ~ J~ o..>/JS ~lJf(x,y) =x2 + l w1 ~

a, b >0 ~

R: Ixl 5a ,

IYl5b

- ,'\ -

, h = min(a, 2 b 2) a +b

w1 (.51 h = min (a, ~) J ~ a = b = 1 ~ Wj\S l.l}.! , a, b ~ ~ h wi (.51 ~ Ixl S~ o.foll ~ *-' J,:.. 4-l y' = xl + l 4.b\.a.J1 w}.! ~\:il4-,' h = ~ . y(O) = 0 1a~1

- Y. -

1) 2)

ylll - 3 xy' + y =ex + 1

t y" + t y' + cos .JY = r + 1

2 d2t dt

s --s-+3s=O

ds' ds

3)

4)

1) x2 y' + 3y = 0

2) x y' + sin y + Y = 3

3) x+ y dx+3dy=O x-y

4) dy-dx = 0

1) y = ax2 -bx + c
2) y = a e2x + b eX
3) y = a sin 3x + b cos 3x
4) In y = ax2 + bx + c
5) y = A eX + B ix + C e3x
6) y=aex+b a.w.Q1ii ~~.aLw

..

JJ~' "+i~' ~ JJ~' a.J~'J

- ------_ .~~--

: = F(x,y)

M (x,y) dx + N (x,y) dy) = 0

Jl

: Separation of Variables ... ,~, ~ ~jIa -,

o.J_,-j1 ~ ~t-ll ~J us.J I~ f(x) dx + g(y) dy = 0

wfo ~I..;:a:wl J....ai ~. w!i ~~J y ~ 4Jb g(y) J ..bi! x ~ 4Jb f(x) wl ~ : J,:JI w# ~4-J1 ~\.S:ill r~ , J,....:aill ~ ~ 4J.lt-l1 J,:J J ~

ff(x) dx+ fg(y) dy=C

-yt-

t.S.;Ip.'J1 ~~ ~.J ~.J ' rWt ~ ~, c;!lll~.J ' t.S).:i;1 ~~ C c.!.!p. . rWI ~I ~ ~ ~~ ~ OJ_'- t.S1 ~

eX cos y dx + (1 + e') sin y dy = 0

: J ."n

:~

.: In (1 + ~) - In [cos yl = In c

(1 +eX)

:. In I I Inc

cosy

1 + eX = c [cos yl

x = 0, y = 0 0C- da:!.,.:J4

.·.1+1=c

c=2

1 +~=2Icosyl

- '1'0-

1+ y2

xydy-l+x2 dx=ts (1)

. (1, -3) ~4 JA: ~ ~ ~I (1) 4.l.lt-ll ~ ~) ~

1 = A (1+xlJ + (B,x + BlJ x

A+B= =>

: ~ ~ ~).JI ~ x2 ~t-. ol.J~.J o

B2 = 0 : ~ ~ ~).JI ~ x ~t-. ol.J~.J

: wi (.$i

1 X

x(l+X2) =-:; - l+x2

---,-Y--:- dy _ [!_ _ x ] dx = 0

1 + y2 X 1 + x2

-n-

~ In (l +y) -In x + ~ In (l +X2) = In c

: wi c..5i

(10)(2) = k ~ k = 20

1

: w.A! x = 1. y = -3 .llc:.

y'+ eXy = exi

y'=eX (I-y)

e' dx 1 dy

y(y-l)

eX dx=[_1 _ _!_]dy y-l Y

: . i .l:Io.,j 4..U ~- 'I .C'I\ I~L

u . ~ ~ .J~ r . .J

- ~ = In lv-II - In Ivl + c

- YV-

Homogeneous Equation a....iLiJ.MJ a j' '0';; II ".aLalI -f

M (x, I) dx + N (x.y) dy = 0

f (Ax. AY) == An f(x,y) , A. E R

l)f(x,y) =x2 + 3xy_y2

: ~m Jtl..J

==> f(J..x,ly) =12x2 + 312xy_12y2 =12f(x,y)

. 2 4.)~ o- 4....u4:w f(x,y) .;

X 2 2

2)f(x,y)= -y

~x+y

: b .. -'I t, . ~ .) -s: •• 4....u6.:l.J1 ~\.ijJ1 4.b\.....J1 '1.9 ~~ \ ..

.)~ ~ ~_JJ c.J ~ ., c.J. ~

dy = _ M(x,y) = f(x,y)

dx N(x,y)

. f(x,y) = f(jy) ~I ~ wi lSl

M, N w-- JS Uj\S tll4....u4:w u.,sJ M (x,y) dx + N (x.y} dy = 0 ~\.ijJ' Ul\.....J1 • ~ ~, ,...ii' 4....ub:l..

. .) v- u-o •

- YA-

~ dy = x dv + v dx ~4.J Y = xv ~l L=v ~_,.:JI ~ A.l6.11 o~ ~

X

(Xl + I) dx-2 xydy = 0

: J ,n

dy = vdx + xdv

<=

y = vx ~_,.:JI r~ .:

(I +vl) dx - 2v (V dx + X dv) = 0

.. (i-v2) dx - 2v X dv = 0

In X + In (i-l) = In c

v=1x:wi~

- '\''\-

2

.·.x[J-Y21=c x

~-I=cx

.·.y'=v+xv'

.: v + x V' = f(v) ) XV' = f(V) - v

dv x-=f(V)-v

dx

dv

dx

._-=-

f(v)-v

x

J_dv_=lncx f(V)-V

v=y/ ~ Ix ..

2x2y' - y(2x+y) = 0

I

:. f(v) == v+-v2 2

J;', =Incx

-2

:. -=lncx

v

-2x

--=lncx

y

-2e

-=lnce

e

Inc =-3

-2x

--=-3 +lnx

y

2x+ ylnx =3y

- Y'. -

: J ,n

\' I~W ~4:w ~I

: w1 tSi

• c-W1 ~I .JA.J

y(e) = e ~_,.:JI ~ ~WI J:JI. :J~'J.J

-2=lnc+l

dy = al + bIy +€'Il dx ar +Uz,y +1:2

(1)

dy a1 +bly dx a2x +b2y

: Ulta..J1 ~l J.JY (1) ~\jjl' ~,bta..JI U}! C J == C2 = 0 uts '~J (2)

~ . ,II ' ~1..::.l.o \WI ~I -:Ib· ,1('. i ~ ~1..::.l.o ~\.ij ~.b\a..o . ~

• _,... (JA • r .J . c.s- (JA ~ (.) '" • '" 1.r.J

. ~l...J1 ~I ~ \4 (2) ~,bt-ll ~ ~ ~6J1 01\ ~.J ~}JI

a]X + b2Y + C] = 0

(3) • '\a.b\.W ~ 1 'WalLu

(.) .. f'W ..

a]X + b2Y + c] = 0

-rl-

y=v+k

~_,.ull ~ UlU (h, k) ~ 0'o)ii,.JI ~\.i.j ~ 01 u:a1fo4

x=u+h

: ~ ~ Ul!i (1) 4.bt..J1 c,si ~_,.ul4-, (4)

dv atu +b1v

-=_"'_---'-

du a2u +b2v

(5)

r'~4 ~~-' ~ ~ 4.b. ~-' u, v U:U:~Ll.J1 c,si ~~ ~1,jj 4.l.:lt- o~-' ul ~I ~ ~ ~1,jj 4.l.:lt- u-1! (5) ~\.Ijjl 4.l.:lt..J1 J~ v = zu ~yUll

u = x -h, v=y-k ~ u, v (.)0 JS we- ~~ ~ u:a yU ~ z = ~ ~_,.ull ~ ~

u

. (1) ~.:lWI ~\.Ijjl 4.l.:lt....Jl rWI J:JI ~ ~

- rr -

dy=2x+y-3 dx x+y-2

2x+y-3=O x+y-2=O

x=u+l

y=v+l

: ·1 ~ olb-ll 4...J..:allJl ~bL..J1 . _i • --~'w dy = dv .~ ~ 1- ~-

u . ~ ~ ~..YW'".J dx du U . ....... J

-=

dv 2(u +I)+(v +1)-3

du u + 1 +v + 1- 2

2u +v

=--

u+v

dv dz

-=v-+z

du du

•• , ~ • __ ~.II.

• U . ~..YW'"'"tJ

dz 2u +uz

u-+z=--

du u +uz

dz 2+z

=> u-+z =--

du I+z

-Y't-

dz 2+z

u-=--

du l+z

2+z -z +Z2 2-z2

= =--

l+z l+z

l+z dz _ du

2-z2 --;;

(5)

: . i.l:.\,.j I I.SJ.lL u . UA .J

f l+z dz = f du

2-z2 U

=> f dz + f z 2 dz = In lui + C I

2 - Z2 2 - z

: ·1.l:.\,.j f z dz . I \.S:ill ~w

u. 2 2UA ••

-z

f zdz 1 I I

----=- = --2 In2-z2 + c2 2_Z2

: 1- ~ \.lj1j 4.Jj '._11 -('II I~w f dz ~\.S:ill ~L

r.s- • ~ ~ _)_,......... r- . 2 2 ..J

-z

1 1

2 -z 2 - (../2 -z )(../2 -z)

= ../21t + r~

../2 -z ../2 +z

- ,,"0-

: 4-lo_,

J dz - (J2 I) J dz + (J2 I) J dz

2-z2 - /4 J2 -z /4 J2 +z

=(-F~) InlJ2 -Zl+( ~~}nlJ2 +zl+c3

: .JA (5) Ulta...ll ('WI ~I J ~ ~ t-

(-F~}nlv'2 -zl+( vI2;{}nlv'2 +Zl-~ Inl2 -Z 21= InIUI+C

c= C/ + C2 + C3 ~

(v'2;{)ln v'2 +; -!_In 2-~ =lnlul+c : .JA f'WI ~I uH z =~ uSJ_,

4 J2 _~ 2 u2 U

U

: .JA 'OLb..J1 ~.lta...ll f'WI ~I uH u=x-J, v=y-I uSJ_,

(v'2I)ln v'2 (x -1)+ y -J -!_tn 2 (x _1}2 -(~ _1)2 = In Ix -JI+c

14 v'2 (x -1)- y +J 2 (y -l)

dy x+y-3

-=----"-

dx x-y-l

: Jll. : ~\.ilI1 ~.lta...ll ('WI ~I .l;Io. _)

: J "n

x+y-3= 0 x-y-J=O

-r"\-

x=u+2.

y =v-l

• • t ,_ ~ .. I' 'I -:, -I 'I . . __ -:11 • dy dv L v ,

• WI ~ OI..lU..4.l "UoJ1.A.&J t.sI ~yw.o"1.J dx = du ~.J

dv u + 2 +v +1 - 3

-=-----

du u+2-v-l'-1

dv u+v ~-=--

du u-v

dv dz

-=u-+z du du

: ~.J

•. 1 ~ . __ -:11 •

• W • ~yw.o"1.J

dz u+uz l+z

u-+z=--=--

du u-uz l-z

dz l+z 1+z-z+z2 1+z2

~ u-=---z = =--

du l-z l-z l-z

l-z du

--dz=-

1 +Z2 u

: .J ~ ~I "!.-:-'I' _!.

W. ~~.J

: ·1~1~

W • U'" • .J

J dz JZdz fdu

1+z2 - 1+z2 = -;;+c

- 't'V-

: .JIt ~I ';;H z =!. WSl."

u

: v = y - 1 , U = x-2 WSl."

: .JIt oU:a...J1 ~li:j)1 :a.bt....Jl rWI ~I ';;H

r ( )1

I Y -I 1 y-I

tan- ----In + -- =Inlx -21+c

x-2 2 x-2

: ~w.a, 4IaIt ~~ w,li ,;;yj!_fo. (3) ';;'o;;j,.J! ,;;t ~jiil lUl! ' ,;;yjljJ. ';;'o;;j.".11 ,;;ts I~J : .JIt (.$ jl jU\

or

: ~yLlll ~ :a.lhll .~ ~."

Z = o]X + b;zy

dy x+y-5

-=-"'---

dx x+y+l

~ : ~li:j)1 :a.l.lt....Jl ("WI ~I ~."t

: J aD

., -.. JI' f " ,. ' : U 1J"tI'L w' ~

x+y-5=O x+y+I=O

• ' ---:'1 ~ , ', ..

• ~.".... ,- • ~,,).JoW

- 'fA-

z =x +y

dy dz

=> -=--1 dx dx

_dz -1 =_z_-_5

dx z +1

dz z -5 2z-4

=> -=--+1=--

dx z +1 z +1

: ·1 ~ L~ d "!.~_'I' _L

u . u.a .J ~ ~_,

I z +1 dz = fdx +c

2z -4 J'

1 3

=> -z +- Inlz -21 =x +c 2 2

: _,. ~lb..J1 abU ~WI J:JI,;;# z = x+y uS! s

1 3

-(x +y)+-lnlx =y -21=x +c

2 2

dy 2x+y-l

- = _---"--

dx 4x +2y +5

~ : ~ ~\.i':J1 abt....Jl rWI J:JI .l:po. j

: J "D

2x+y-1=O

4x + 2y + 5 = 0

z=2x+y =>

dy dz

-=--2 dx dx

- '"~ -

_dz _ 2 = _z_-_1_

dx 2z +5

~ dz = z -1 +2 = 5z +9

dx 2z +5 2z +5

: ·l ~ J,.l.S,j]I ~I .. !.': -'I .1 _!.

U. J ~~

J2Z +5 dz = Jdx +c 5z +9

:~J

2 7

-z +-lnI5 z +91 =x +c

5 25

; JA olb..JI ~\i1l1 Ult...Jl rWI J=JI,;;# z = 2x + y wSJ J

2 7

-(2x +y)+-ln~Ox +5y +91=x +c

5 25

Exact Differential Equations a.tLi.ll ~~I tiiI~.aLllI -f

d f (x ,y)= Of dx + Of dy

Ox Oy

(1)

- f. -

f(x.y) = c w~ tth w1 ~t df(x.y) = 0

M (x, y) dx + N (x, y) dy = 0

Of=M Ox

(3),

Of =N Oy

(4)

ilf eu

--=-

OxOy Oy

wfij ~ (.$J-,~I .b~1 wli ~ N, M w;JIJ1l ~..»ll ~~I wl Jlpc.1 t---' oM = oN: .JA ~\:j (2) Ult-ll

oy ax

: ~f(x.y) \";~b ~fo (2) ~tJl Ult-ll ~-'

d!(x,y)=O/ dx + Of dy =0

Ox Oy

• ~~ c ~ f(x.y) = c tth wH

Of =M (3), Of =N (4)

Ox Oy

JC

r.f (x ,y) = IM (x ,y)dx + f/J(y)

• x <.Jl ~ (3) ttlt..Jl ~ J,..lS:il1 ~1'»H (5)

of 0 JC

-=-IM(x,y)ix +rp'(y)=N

c3y c3y

o JC

f/J'(y)=N - c3y IM(x,y)dx

Y Y{ 0 JC ]

f/J(y) = IN (x ,y)dy - JL c3y IM (x ,y)dx dy

~ W~.J (2) ~\:ill ~li:ill AJ.lt..J1 ~ ~ ~ (5) AJ.l\....J1 ~ u4:1p4.J : o.;_,_ll

JC Y Y{ 0 JC ]

IM (x ,y)dx + IN (x ,y)dy - JL c3y IM (x ,y)dx dy =c

(6)

(6~ + 4xy + l) dx + (2x2 + 2xy - 3l) dy = 0

-1"-

M(x,y) = 6f + 4xy + i N (x,y) = 2f + 2xy -3 i aM

Oy =4x +2y

aN

-=4x +2y Ox

~ . • .JJ

JC

fM(x,y)dx =2x3 +2x2y +xy2

y

fN(x,y)dy =2x2y +xy2 _y3

a JC

-fM(x,y)dx =2x2 +2xy

Oy .

: _,. (w~lill rl~4) a.bt...JI ~ w~ 2x3 + 2x2y + xi + 2fy + xi -l- 2x2y - xi = c

2x3 + 2fy + xi -l = c

• ~_tL_tl ~I ,~ i., . . .Y- ." ~~.J

- iT' -

. aM _

.. --2

Oy

aN 3

--=2 +21n3x +-

Ox y

2y 3

{3x 2 +-)dx +{2In3x +-)dy =0

x y

eu 2 aN

-=-=-

Oy x Ox

• t,.\.:j Ult..J1 ~ (.$~I (integratingfactor) J,.\5:J1

: I (x,y) ~~, ~" ~ a.._JIra -t

~ l.bt..J1 ~.;b y~ t,.\.:j .;:t:. M (x,y) dx + N (x,y) dy = 0 4J.lt..J1 ~\S I~j • t,.\.:j ~ I (x,y)

a{IM) a{/N)

---'-~=--

Oy Ox

-H-

wl~~ (l) I (x,y) J..~I J..W ~~ ~'J6. ~fo o'JI

f=Of

z Oz

: J(x,y)=J(x) (\

I = dp I =0

x dx y

: (l)UlU~

I[M -N J=N dp

y x dx

: ·l.l.:1J ~I ··:.':·'1' _.:.

U. ~~

«.scs.;

I N

: ~ ~ w:i):JI J..~J (,Wi x ~ ~b) My;Nx = p(x) W1 ~ ~

In I = Jp(x)dx

ty-N• I

• I(x) =e ~ Jl I(x) =e p(x)dx wllSl

: J(x,y)=J(y) (Y

dl

I =- L, =0

y dy

. ·1 ..... . /]1 _j • ._,:U •

• U ~ 1,/ IS" ~Y-"':J

IMy~N. dy I(y)=e -M

- to-

J 3x

(3x +2y)dx +(2x In3x +-)dy =0

y

: J ,n

: uH M=3xJ+2y ,

3x N =2x In3x +y

M =2 y

3 Nx =2+2In3x +y

: u1 (,$1

~\:j J#:. Ul\a..JI .: :cjSl

My -Nx = (21n3x +3/y) 1

----'/~ Yo;-- = -- = p(x )

N x(2ln3x +7.;:) x

: J,.~I J,.lc. ufi.: .:

J~ In!.. 1

/(x)=e x =e-1nx =e x =-

X

o .)_,_ll ~ ~\:j ~ !_ ~ ~.b\a..JI ~.;l:a y ~

x

2y 3

(3x 2 +-)dx +(2In3x +-)dy =0

X Y

3 N =21n3x +y

- t, -

lC

JM dx =xJ +2y lnx

y

IN dy =2y In-ax +3lny

;; x

Oy JM dx =2lnx

y{ ;; x 'L..

=> Jl Oy JM dx p" =2y Inx

x1 + 2y In x + 2y In 3x + 3 In y - 2y In x = C

xJ + 2y In 3x + 3 In y = C

y (2x+y) dx + (3~ + 4xy- y) dy = 0

M=y(2x+y), N=3x2+4xt-y

My = 2x +2y Nx = 6x + 4y

My - Nx = -4x - 2y = -2(2x +y) ¢O

: J ,n

:~

'U

u.

- tv-

My -Nx -2(2x +y) 2

____.::----- = = -

-M -y(2x +y) y

: o.)_"..J1 ~ .t,.b ~ y2 ~ 4.bt...JI ~~ y~ I (2x+y) dx + y2(3x2 + 4xy -y) fly = 0

M=2xY +/

x

JM dx =x 2yJ +xy4 +zy "

-fA-

a ,H '14.r.WI1ii.I1 ... ~.MU -0

.. -

: + P'(X)y = Q(X)

(I)

dx

dy + a(y)x = P(y)

[P(x)y - Q(x)] dx + dy = 0

M = P(x) y - Q(x) My=P(x)

My-Nx = P(x) i= 0

N=l Nx=O

- t~ -

.• ~b ~ I(x) yi Ulla...JI ~~ y~ eJP(%) tb: P(x)y dx +eJP(%) tb: dy = eJP(%) tb: Q(x) dx

d[eJP(%) tb: y] =eJP(%) tb: Q(x) dx

: w1 ~1

: 0 .;_,_!I ~ 4lJla...JI ~ ~ ~ ~_,Jd J,..~.J eJP(%)tb: y= IeJP(%)tb: Q(x)dx+C

I(x)y = I I (x) Q(x) + C

I(x) =eJP(%)tb:

:~

dx

-+a(y)x= fJ(y) dy

I(y) x = II (y) fJ(y)dy + K

I(y) = eJa(y)dy

: J "n

dy + P(x)y = Q(x) dx

• y yi ~ Ulla...JI : 0 .;_,_!I ~ Ulla...JI' ~ (1)

- o. -

(2)

: ·1 ~ (1) (21 ~ li..w

U .• '/.J.

2 P(x) =-

x

Q(x) = x2

Iy= JIQdx+C

2 J 5 xy=-x+c

5

~ : ~.ll...Jl ",WI J=JI ~.Jl

(y + l) dx - (l + 2xy + x) dy = 0

• x=31....llc. y=J W1 ~ (.5~I ~WI J=JI ~.Jl ~

(! I~W) .......... x ,,) ~ tula.JI

dx'

dy +a(y)x = P(y) (1)

:.... 0\ -

dx y2 +2xy+x = 0

dy y+ y2

: ~ ~ (,y+y2) dy ~ ~.lta.J1 ~.;b ~ w1 (.51

(2)

: ·l,l.:.,j (1) (21 4..i ~

c.J. ,/.J.

a(y)= 2y+I y2 + Y

2

p(y)= Y =_y_ y2 + y y+1

JI(Y) s» dy = J / ·___L_1 dy = J ( 11)2 dy =

Y + Y y+ y+

I(y) x = JI(Y) P(y)dy+C

1 1

---:-'-- X = - -- + C

v' + Y y+ 1

.: x = -y + C ()J+y)

: ~~x=3,y=1~' ~WI ~I Y~.J

3 = -1 + 2C

C=2

x = -y + 2 ()J+y)

21 + y=x

- oY -

~ ~ ~1lL...J1 wfo J ~ I J,.\S.JI J,.L...JI ~.1 ~I ~L...JI ~ .lk. -,

• ~I .».1 _,lI ... (:) J.t... _,I (:) J.t... <51 :u J_,..J\ ~ J_,...J\

~ : ~lli.Il ~bta..Jl rW1 ~I ~.11

,_y2/

y - /(l-3xy)

dx 3 1

-+-x=-

dy Y y2

3

I-dy 3 3

1= e: = lny = y

Ix= JIQdy+C

1 2

/x= J-2/dy+C=L+C

y 2

- oT-

dx 2 -+-x=4y+3 dy y

: J ,,1

2 P(y)=y

Q(y) = 4y+3

Ix = JIQdy+C

yl x = J y 2( 4 y = 3)dy + C

2 C yX=y +y+y2

- of -

Bernoulli's Equation ~"JIf 4.I.a'--t -,

dy +P(x)y=Q(x)y" dx

y-n dy + P(X)y-"+1 = Q(x) dx

: w1 ~y"~~4-' (1)

: I ... ~ "~L ,·"i ",'-1 I "til.:.L .. -,,+[ = .~ . .'ii1-y

~ x~,.. vr..J-''' . ~y z U U4_,-

(-n + Tyy?" dy =!!=_.

dx fix:

: wl' .l;W"z: ~~ y ~. u4:!_,.u.ll-, (-n+ J) ~ (1) ~.):al ~~.-yo dz

fix + (-n + J) P{~)z'=::~;_n*J),Q~x)'

(-n+ t) Q(x) = q~).,. (-111+ /) P(~ = p(x)

d4 + p(x)z =q(x) dx'

J(x)z = II(x)q(x)dx+C

- 00-

/(x) y-n+1 = J /(x) q(X) dx + C

/(x) = e/P(x)dr

~ : ~.lt-ll J,a.. ~)

dy+2xydx=xe-X2l dx

: J an

: ~ ~y.3 ~ yy.:oJ4 .: (1)

dz 2x _xl

--4.xz= e

dx

dz

-+ p(x)z =q(x)

dx

p(x)=-4x

2

q(x)=-2xe-T

Jp(x)dx=-2x2 I(x) =e-2%2

JI(x)q(x)dx = Je-2%2 (- 2xe-%2}Lx

2 J _3%2 dx 1 _3%2

=- xe =-e

3

o.)~1 ~ ~.bt-JI ~ .:

I(x)z = J,u(x)q(x)dx+c

_2%2 1 _3%2

e z=-e +c

3

_2%2 -2 1 _3%2

e y =-e +c

3

.,1

~ : ~I.i::JI 4.l.lla..J.l rW1 ~I ~ _,1

: ~ J..-j I ~ y ~4., c.Jl _iJ Yo 4.l.lt- o.)~ ~ oLl:a-ll 4.l.lt-JI -2 dy (1 1) -I 2 x

Y dx - +-; Y =- e

- ov-

- y-2 : = : wH y-I = z ~

• 0 .)_,_ll ~ Ult-ll ~ z U'i ~ y we- ~_,.::J4.J (-1) csi Ult-ll y ~

: + (I + !) = 2ex

dz

-+ p(x)z = q(x)

dx

1 p(x)=I+x

q(x) =2ex

Jp(x)dx= (1+ ! )dx=X+lnX

lex) = ex+lnx = x e'

Jl(x)q(x)dx = Jxex 2exdx = J2xe2X dx

u=2x

dv = e2xdx 1 2x v=-e

2

du e Zdx

J I q dx = x e" - J e2x dx = x e" - ~ e" lz= Jlqdx+c

x e" z = e2X( x - ~) + C

- 01\-

Ricatti's Equation ~~..J ~.aLw-'

dy = p(X)y2 + Q(x)y + R(x) dx

(J)

. Jdix ~ JlJ~ P, Q, R ~

P(x) = 0

L.~ ~ # (1) 4..bLr..J1

.. ~

R(x) = 0

J-=.. ~1.:~·l'J J ' ~, 4..bLr..J1 J ~ ~ y. jJ~1..... ()4 ~ i ~l.S.:!.J jJ~1..... w),i ~ ~ J • YJ = y/(x) ~ , YJ ~J ~~ ~ rW wi ()4 ~'J ~l.S.:!.J jJ~1.....

1 Y = YI +Z

: jJ~Lr..Jl . _i. • -- ~t1 • IS" ~_,_...'1

( )2 ( )

dy, 1 dz 1·. J

--l-=P(x) y)+-. +Q(x) YI +-.' +R(x)

fix zOx . z z

dy ldz 111

_I __ } _ = P(x) y; + 2P(x)y, - + P(x)-} + Q(X)Yl + Q(x)- + R(x)

dx zdx z z z

- 0,\ -

1 dz 1 1 1

-2 -=2P(X)YI-+P(X)-2 +Q(X)z dx z z z

:. + (2P(x)YI + Q(X»)z = -P(X)

1 y=X+z

dy Idz

-=1--dx Z2 dx

~ ~bt..JJ rWI J:JI ~.,1

: J "n

: wi vdJiii .:

2X2(I-Z-2 :)=(X-I{(x+~i _X2 ]+2X(X+~)

2 X2 dz (2X I) 2 2x

2x -2--=(x-l) -+- +2x +-

Z2 dx Z Z2 Z

X2 dz 2X2 X 2x I 2x

. -2--=-+-----+-

Z2 dx Z Z2 Z Z2 Z

dz 1 1

:.-=-Z--+-

dx 2x 2X2

dz 1 1

:.-+z=---

dx 2X2 2x

dz

-+ p(x)z = q(x) dx

p(x) = 1

1 [I I]

q(x)=- ---

2 x2 X

Jp(x)dx = x

1

U=-

x

1

du = --dx Xl

1 [ex eX eX ]

JI(x)q(x)dx = - J-dx--- J-dx

2 Xl X x2

=---

2 x

-'n -

I(x)z = f I(x) q(x) dx + c

1 eX

:. eXz = --- +c 2 x

1 .: y = x+-

z

1

=> -=y-x z

1

=> z=-y-x

eX 1 eX

--=---+c

y-x 2 x

: J ,n

Gtv ] 1 3

-=y +-y--

dx X Xl

Gtv = p(x)l + Q(x)y = R(x) dx

dz + (xP(x)y) +Q(x»)z = -P(x) dx

P(x) = 1

1 Q(x) =-

x

1

YI =X

-'\Y-

s: + [2. + '!_]z = -1 wl (.51

dx x x

1 1 .. y=-+- ~ x z

dz 3 -+-z=-1 dx x

dz

- + P(x)z = q(x) dx

3 p(x) =-

x

fp(x)dx = f~dx = ln x'

x

q(x) =-1

:~,

: . I.i '\:ilL w. IS' . ."

J 1-1

xz=--x +c

4

1 1 y=-+x z

: 0t~."

1 xy+I

-=--

z x

x Z=--

xy-l

J X 1-1

X =--x +c

xy=] 4

4X4 xy-l=--"7" 4c-x"

4xJ 1

y= +-

4c _x4 X

- ".-

f'(y) dy + ptx) fey) = Q(x) dx

(1)

~\aj .J-A f'(y) .J lad y ..)Ji:W1 ui 4lI.l f(y).J x ..)Ji:W1 ui JI_J.l P(x), Q(x) ~

. 'I ~ ./'/'.1 ~I.lll

y ($".. .JIY/

z = fry)

(2)

dz = f'(y) dy dx dx

dz

- + P(x)z = Q(x)

dx

(3)

.,.'" r "

'''; ~ J,..\S.JI J,..l..J1 .l4-:!H 4h ~ z ui ~ ~\aj ~.lt- (3) ~.ll..J1 • (1) ~\jj}1 wl....Jl rWI ~I .l4-:!'J (2) uAJpl

dz =eY dy dx dx

dz

-+z=x

dx

: JA leh.J ~ ~t£j ~Jt- o~.J : JA ~\.ijl\ ~J\a..Jl rW\ ~I (J~ ~~

e' = eX (x-i) + c

: Jew : ~\.ijll ~J\a..Jl rWI ~I J.:I.)

3 2 dy 2X2 - I 3 ax2

y -+ Y =--

dx x(l-X2) i-x2

dz 3 2 dy t. L 3. __ -:11 1 . ~ 1 dx = Y dx 't""".J z = Y 04:/_,....... r ~~

: . i .l:aJ ~Jt-ll . _j • ---:IL

U . IS' 04:/_,....... . .J

f 2Xl_1 die 1n_1_

, r:--; 1

I(x) = e x(l-x') = e xvi-x' = ~==

x.JJ - x2

= a

.JI- x2 + C

ltJa!. ~1 Ijl u-oWI ~I ~ , ~I ~I..LJI 1.':J':/.l\a.Jl rWI ~I ~) :~I~

1) (x -l)dy+(y _ 2)dx = 0

2) 2x{1 + y2 )dx- Y{l + 2X2 )dy= 0

3) y'_ 2y = y2 ; y=3 ,x=O

4)

dr

t -= -2r dt

;r(-+)=9

5) x3 dy+xydx=x2dy+ 2ydx ; y(2)= e

6)

x=ln2

7) Y'+2x~l- y2 = 0

8) x2 e r3-y2 + yy' = 0 ; y(O)=O

9) (1+ y2)dx+(1+x2)dy=0; y(O)=l

ltJa!. ~t q u-oWI ~I ~ , ~I ~I..LJ' 1.':J':/.l\a.Jl rWI ~I ~_,t :~I~

1) 2) 3)

(2x-3y)dx-(2y+3x) dy=O ydx+(2x+3y) dy =0 xy2dy_{X3+y3 )dx=O

, 4x+3y+2

y =---=-- 3x+2y+l

4)

_ iV_
5) , -2x+2y
y=
y-l
6) , 3y-7x+2
y=
7x-3y-3
7) x-y-l
y'=
x-y-5
8) , x-3y+2
y=
3x-9y-12
9) , 2x+2y+l
y=
x+y-l
10) {x+ ysinf)dx:-xsinY dy = 0 y(t}= Jr •
x 2
11) y{x2 + xy - 2y2)dx + X(3y2 - xy - X2)dy = 0
12) , Y x
y=-+-
x y
13) , 6x-3y+2
y=
2x- y-l
14) y'= xy
x3 _ y2
15) , x+y
y=--
x-y
16) XY'=y+~4X2 + y2 ; y(t}=O
17) , 3x-2y+4
y= .
2x+7y-1 : ... w.1I Jf .Jfiil tiiI~.aLMj ... L.i.lI ?!' ,Sf;; 'I tiiI~.aw., (0 ~~I ~ L...-l::i..)l:..~) ~ ,~\:JlI ~\jj}1 ~\'.lt....JlrWI ~I ~.Jl : (~.J Ijl) ~ljlNI

_ 'A_
2) Y 1
-dx--dy =0
X2 X
3) y(x -i):' dx+ [In(2x - 2)+ -}]dy = 0
4) 2~dy+(2ln5y+.L}dx = 0
y x
5) ex2(dy+2xydx)= 3x2dx
6) y3 sin2xdx-3y2 cos! xdy = 0
3 2
7) 2 Y dx+(2yln ::3 + 3siny)dy = 0
X +3x
8) (I-XY)dx-(x2 -xy)dy = 0
9) xdy + cos y{sin y - 3x2 cos y) dx=O
10) 2xydx- (3x2 - y2)dy = 0
11) (x2+ y2+x)dx+xydy =0 ; y(-1)=1
12) 4xtdx + (4x2 + 31)= 0 . x(l)= 0
, 13) r{t2 +r2 + 2t)dt+ (t2 +3r2)dr = 0

14) (2xy"eY +2xyl + Y)dx+{X2y4eY +X2y2 +3x)dy = 0

.l..".:J1 ~ t.....1.:.. )6. ~.) ~ ,~tD ~lLJl ~'i.ll-ll rWI ~I ~.) : (~J Ijj ) ~I~'il

1) dy 1 3
-+-y=X -3
dx X
2) dy 3
-+-x =21 .
dl t
3) x2 y' - 2xy = x" + 3 ; Y (1) = 2
4) ydx-4xdy = y6dy ; X (1) = 4 5) 6)

7)

8)

9)

10) 11)

12)

- " -

t d s = {3t+l}sdt+t3e31 dt. xdy+ ydx = 2{x-x2y}dx

( 2) .Jl + X2

l+x y' +xy

X

y,+_l_y = 5{x-2}!y x-2

13)

4x

3dy - ydx = 3y3e 3" dx

{12e2X y2 _ y}dx = dy ; y{O} = 1

dx _ 2xy = ye-3y2 ~e-Y2 + 3{xe-Y2}}

dy

dy 2 2

- =y--

dx X2

14)

xdy = 2{x- YY +(X- y}+X dx

15)

16)

1 (u-ali. J:.. y= - ) x

-2 (u-ali. J:.. y = - ) x

~---------------

_ v. _
4.t" .o-aJW
: J:Jl~)
1) xdx_y2dy = 0
2) y' = y2x3
3) dy= 3x2 +2
dx 2y
4) dy =21(y2 +9}tIt
5) dx 2
-=x -2x+2
tit
6) dy e'" ; y (0) =1
-=-
dx y
7) , y+x
y=-
x
8) X4 +2y4
y' =
xy3
9) y'= 2xy
x2 -v'
10) (x2 + y2 )dx-xydy =0 ; y(I)=-2
11) (x +.rxY}dy - ydx = 0
12) 2xydx+ (I + X2)dy = 0 ;y(I)=-5
13) {2y -xeZJ' )dy - (2 + ye" )dx = 0
14) y2dt+(2yt + I)dy =0 ; yell =-2
15) dx 2x2(x-I) ; x(2) =3
-=
tit 4x3 + 6x2t + 2xt2
16) xy2dx + x2 y{y + l)dy=O 17) 2e21 dt + 1 + e21 dx = 0 x

18) (cos x tan y + x sin y) dy+ (sec y - cos y - ytan ysin x )dx= 0

19) 3x2 ydx + (2x3 +4y2) dy = 0

20) y' + 4 y = _1

X X4

21) y' + xy =xy2

22) y,+ly = X4v"y
X
23) , 2 0
y +-y =
x
24) y' + xy = 6x.Jy
2 ; y (-1) = 2
25) y' +_ y=_x9ys
X
26) dq + q = 4cos2t ;q(O) = 1
dt
dx
27) - +3t2x = x'te"
dt
28) dy = cosx - ysinx + y2
dx
29) Y'=2+~(X-~) y - ~ Y
30) x(t-x3 )y3 = x2 + Y _ 2xy2
31) y' = 1+ y2 ~~ y=sinx~

1 y=x+- ~ x

()oG\j,. ~ y = tan x ~

.!aJliJf ~Wf

• •

c.,.II ~Li++W a..LQLM.II ~~.aIMI

..

JJ~' '+i~' ~

(~~I) ~I wli F (x,y,c)" 0 ..... (1) ~~I 0-- ~~ U:!.ll wI!;. I~l

. .

~~ ~ ~ , b .. \a:w (~I.JL-) I.JL..w ~ .l4\.:il1 ~ ~~I ~ ~ c,S~I

c&.J~ t.....ht.... ~ JJ ' a' "J Wli ~Jlj (1) ~ ~I 0-- ~ ~ ~ .JW1 :~"\'I ~I~I & ' .JWI

G (x, y, y ~ C) = 0

(2)

y' = f(x, y)

~ ~, (1), (2) ~.lt-ll 0-- C ~.'" (3)

.(1) ~~I ~~ J=..f (x,y) ~ ~

.J'--..a.J1 ~J' ,;.,ljjll t.....ht-ll wli ~ ~ J' f-(. 1 c,S.l _,...!I .JW1 J.!.. w~· '"

X,Y

.y' - ___:_!_ c,S.l _,..,JI f(x,y

o .. H---lt ~ ~.l _,__.JI .;L....-ll t....l.lt..... c.Jc. ~ , ~lilII ~t-l, ~. £ g (X, y, a) - 0

:J

.. 't

2x+2ydy=O dx

: = ; = f = (x,y)

1 1

:. -dyt=-dx y x

: .In y = In x + Ina

~~a~ y=ax

•

t,

(1)

: J ,ft

:.2 ax + 2»,' = 2a c

(2)

x c,si (2) ~~ y~ (3) c~~(l),(3)cjA

. : 2d + 2xyy' = 2acx

_ax' +y' y' --~

2xy

, 2xy

y=

ax'_y'

y' = YX + Y

:.xv +v

:.xv

2v-av+vJ a-v1

(1)

:.a-v1 = A[(2-a)+v1]+[Bv+c]v

a=A(2-a)

a =>A=-- 2-a

··.-1 =A + B

:.-l=A+B

a -2

:.B=-J---::>B=--

2-a 2-a

.:c=o

:._a_ln[(2-a)+y2]=lnkn 2-a

,... ., __ ~ y ,'p-2

~ ~ V=- 'K, = Cl x

a = 2 ~\S III : lalU

• -==-

2_y2 dx

:. J dv=-

v x

_ A. _

-1

:.-2 -Inv =lnkx v

-1

-=In knv

v2

• 'e

I = fl· cos (0)

2r dr = _02 sin(e) de

dr 1 -=--rtan(e)

de 2

- '" -

,'. _<-: o.l4t.:W1 ~1.JL.....J.l ~lLJl Ult-JI . \.i (dr) . J.lI (_ 2 dr) .

1J.:rw - U. do (JoG • r dO t-~

dO

2r2 -=rtan(O)

dr

r = c sin2 (0)

F (x, y, c) = 0

t...ll\c. ~ c.,S.L.lI ~ h j·n .c »I).~I ~I~ ~~I ~~I ~\c. ~ ~IJ J..;m~ (1) .~~I ~w c.,S.:J~ .J#:. .J'l-.. ~ a ~ 90 0 ~Jly' (1) ~~I ~ J-:..,i (1) ~.:Jt-JIJ ~WI lJ.:Jt-J1 ~ c ~ J x ~! ~4 (1) lJ.:at-Ji

o.J~1 ~ ~ljj Ulla...

:f(X,Y)

(2)

~JIj w).i ~tl4J (x.y) ~I ~ f (x,y) w~ ~ (1) ~~I ~\c. (.)IIW.lai. c.,SLlI JjWI .JL.....J.l (.)IIl..j}1 ~ w).i 11\ (,)4J .(x,y) ~I ~ tan -I (f(x,y)) ~ ~I udl.llc. tan -1(f(X,y)) + a ~ ~JIj 41 w~ a ~Jly' ~~I ~

~ JjWI .JWI J:.. w).i 11\ (,)4J (x,y)

tan [tan " (f(x, y»+a] = f(x,y) + tan a 1- f (x, y) tan a

dy = f(x,y)+tana dx 1- f (x,y) tan a

c.sA A.llWI ~I.JWI A.llW ~\.i:i.ll Ulta..JI· wfo 11\ c.J.eJ (3)

(1) Uoll...JJ o.l-.".at.l,. ~I ~I.JWI 4.bt..... ~ ~ (3) ~\.i:i.ll 41.lta..JI ~ .41 _,b..JI4.t...\rl Woe ~ ~ ~ w'il J

:JI

.. 't

:. J ,D

f(x,y)=-~ w~ 41.lta..JI 01\ o- dydx =-~ w1 ~ ~ + I = c 41.lta..JI o-

y y

wfo A.llWI ~1.Jt...Jl ~\.i:i.ll 41.lta..J1 wl-i .y1c. J. a = 1r ~ J 4

X 1r

--+tan(-)

dy = Y 4 =_y_-_x

dx 1 +~ tan(_1r)

y 4

y+x

dy y-x

-=-_

dx y+x

( 2tan-IY)

x2 + y2 =c] e JC

:J'

.. '4

: J ,n

LhL...JI ~ J ,02 ; ~L...JI u-o c ~_, y' = c ui ~ y = ex UlL...J1 u-o ~li:i.II

dy=L dx X

~I.,)L-.Jl .4 J' ,;,li:i.II UlL...JI u!i a = = ~ s f'i»; y) =~ u~ UlL...JI o~ u-o ufo :u:,WI

~+tan(~)

dy Y 4 y+x

- =--

dx 1-~ tan(n) x - y

y 4

J,:JI_, ~}11 ~,)I u-o t...al~ ~\i:i l.ht.- o~_, dydx = x + y I.sA l.ht-ll ui ~1 x-y

In(c/ (x2 + y2»-2tan-/( ~ )=0

.~.;IJi;j ~'GcJ ~ ;ll:u..JI ~~I ~ : ~_,Iy' :u:,WI c.:..(;WI l.ht.- ~_,

IjJ '~4 ';'20.Ji ~\.j wfo J L..J ~I (w~1 t~) ) o.lWI ~ N(t) j...ft ~ ~ ~Lrw wfo (o.lWI u.e ~I o~ ~jll ~I J,l- .JA) dN!ttt wi \.l..A.;i ) dN!ttt = k N w}.i , o.l ~ _,.JI o.lWI

dN -=k.N=o dt

lLA , . jll . _i ~b ~. __.j 'tJL ~~ ~I.i ~I.l .. <~. M(t) .j \.l..A .i..

.J VA I.S'""".J ~ I.S" • .J ~ . (.)~ (.) ..ro

L..t4.J ~ ·bii'j4 ~b I.sA N(t) ~ , w'~1 .ll~ Jjl....w ~ ~ ..>#- ~Ifo'il

c.)fil_,__.i1l I~ 4:!.fo ~ ~1jL.. (-1) 4J.lt-l1 w}.i 11\ u.e rt-)~.J ,~'r'o .ll.lc.l . ~I 11\ -(,~ ~"I 4...UL ~ ,~II

r r--- ~ # #~

:J

*' '4

.ui h _,J • ~ o.l ~ _,.JI ..;.o-LWI .l~ ~ ~; Y!- 4.c..Jj.. ~ 4AI _,..u J.la..4 ~~ .~ 3000 '~"!'O' ~~L... t'l) .la.].J .~ 1000 4~ wts o~l.J 4.c.L... .la.] : ~) .t U:a:J <51 ~ 4:!.fo o.l~_,..JI ~'i~1 .l~ we- I~ .1 .)L..oi o.l~_,..JI ~_;::JI ~'i~I.l~ .y

(1)

N(t) = cekt

(2)

3000 = cj~ N = 3000, t = 4 t..~_, . 1000 = eel cj~ N = 1000 , t = 1 t.wlc. 1

K =31n 3 =0.366 : ~ ~ c, k w-a JS ~! ~ ~t...J1 ~lA ~_, ee4k

J t <" ; (1) ~ c .k (.$ i.~'; <J--C. ~~_, c = 1000 e-O·366 = 694, • t 4.lW.11 ~ oj"p'-_,.JI w'J:')l...J1 .l.lC. c)C. ~ N(I) = 694eo.3661 ~

N(O) = 694 e(0.366)(O) = 694

:J

"

ao

I:~J ."--:Ii 0~ 0,iL.l1 0~1 j~ ~ ~.;hi cj\S..... ~I~ ~l;~jl J.lL4 ~\..iJ: wts.........J1 j~ ~_,t .wl_,l...l ~ ~ 20.000 ~t_, ~ ~ wlS....J1 j~ I.....ic.L..o:i .~I¥I ~ .;hill ~ w~ W:!~I

~I¥I ~ wlS....J1 j~ N°.t ~ (.S1 .lie. .;hill ~ w~ W:!~I wlS....J1 j~ N(t) ~ ~ ~ (1) 4.bl.a..Jl 00 . .;hilll~ ~

N(t) = ce"

(1)

dN --KN=O dt

: w~.ylc. s .c= N° -u..._, N°= eirO) J (1) w-- ~ <U}! N = N~ t = 0 t...ll..-c ~ ~ (2) ~ ~I o~ ~yUll ~ , N == 2N~ t = 2 t..~.N = N°ekl (2)

_A'_

: c.Jc. ~ (3) ~ r=iJ1 o~ ~~ , N=20.000,t = 3 \...,ljc..J .N = Noe°.347t (3) .No = 7062 c.Jc. ~ ltJ....J 20.000 = Noe(0.347)(3) = No(2.832) (4)

• ~II •• .:."!II . t ·_"·l t~ •.• ..:.."!tl . ...i L.\..j s . L. ~I .lI .. "!n ," , "\1 '

~J' ~ u.-.o U ~ ~ IS"" ~ l5 .J .. ~ UJ~ u.J-I ~

~ .' ~ ~I ..h.... _,II.J ~I 0.;1 _p. ~ y ~ ,.i;ill t;.a y....a~ ~ 0.;1 _p. 4.J.ll ~j11 ~I J,l- w~ .~I ..h.... _,II 0.;1 _p. 4.J~ Tm .J ~I o.;l_p. 4.J~ ~ T

o.J~1 c.Jc. .l:!..r.Ull tJj.JiJ w~\1 ~4-- ~.J ' dtldt w_#:J ~I o.;l_p.

dTldt = -k (l'-T"J

(1)

dT -+kT=KT

dt m

(2)

~_,.. k li fol W~ ~_,ll- ~L..JI 0 .J~'il w_#:J . ~ _,.JI y....aliJll ~~ .JA k ~ .J ' Tm w-- ">-p1 T wfo. \...,ljc. .l:!...*ill ~ ~ ~L..a dTldt J...:J tJj.JiJ w~\1 ~ .T. . . t:t T . _<"! L.,ljc., ... ..:.."!II ~ . _.i ~

m U-- I..J"I' u~ ~.. IS"" •• .JA

:J'

..

, .

• (J OP .l....jc. ~~ ~.;I _;::a. 4.J~ 0 ~ <.J. 100°F ~.;I _p. 4.J.l ~ ~ ~.J : .l~,) .~ ~ ~ 50 OP ~I o.;l_p. 4y ~1

: J ,,'\

'.;1..)--.:10. 4..>l'-tl ~I o~1 .JA U.l.....,11 w~.J ' Tm = 0 ~ (2) UlL....J1 rl~4 . 0 Of' ~~

(1) &0 ~ijJi , (100 OF c.sA ~I~'il ~I o)~) 1 = 0 ~ T = 100 w1 ~.J : ~ J.-=,J, (') ~~, o~ u4:!~ . c = 100) 100 = ce-k(O)

T= 100e-1et

(2)

~.J' 50 = 100e-10k (2) w-- ~L;U4.J' T = 50 w~ 1 = 20 '.' 'e t .. J.-=,J (.'21 . _j ~I o~ • ..:.u ouLll.J. k = -1 In 50 = -1 (-0.693) =0.035

~ :I I.S"""" ~..r-. 20 100 20

(.51, 1 ~ (.51 ~~, o)~ 4jl

T = 100e-0.035 t

(3)

.J125 = 100e-0.035t~.w w~ (3) ~ T = 25 ~~ T = 25 L.~ 1 ~~'1 .1 .1 = 39.6 min w1 ~ ~4.J - 0.0351 = In ;

: w1 ~ T ~ ~ J=J4.J (3) ~I = 10 ~~ .1=10 ~ T ~~'1 .y T = 100i-0.035)(10) =100(0.705) = 70.5 Dji'

:J

" 't

4.)J W,,__j\S_, 100°F 0)~1 4y ~ ~.)~ 50°F ~)..p- 4y ~ ~J : ~_,i, 60°F ~ ~w ~ ~ ~I 0)";::'

wfi; ~\:l14J .(r.I_,.ll _,. ~)..:J4 ~I k..,_,ll) , t; = 100 (:A (2) 4.bt-l1 rl~4 :o.)_,.-.II ~ ~ ~ ~ti'j 4.bta..a ~J ~ + kt = 100k ~.l1

T= e-kl + 100.

(1)

~~ .c = -50 J\50 = ce-k(O) + 100 wi (1) <.JA ~ , t = 0 _,i T = 50 wi ~J : ~ ~ , (1) ~ ~I 01\

T = 50e-kl + 100

(2)

-40 = _50e-5k ~J 60 = _5(J5k + 100 (2) <.JA ~\:l14J ' T = 60 wfo t = 5 La.lLt:.

. k = -1 In 40 = -1 (0.223) = (0.045) _,i

5 50 5

~ t 4 \;" ~l ~ ~I o)"p- 4.)J ~ ~ (2) ~ 4.4l1 01\ ~~J : o.)_,.-ll

.T = _50e-O•045 + 100

(3)

~.ll wH (3) ~ T= 75 ~~ T= 75 ~ 1 J~'i .1

-0.0451=ln ~ W1 ~ 1 ~J ;i,,:,-! --""IW';'4 J "4_, e-{)·0451 ~ _,1 75 = _50e-O.0451 .1 = 15.4 min _,1

: wl ~ T ~J ~4 ~4_, (3) ~1=20 ~~ .1=20 L.~ T J~'i .y

T= _50i-o.045)(20) + 100 = -50(0.41) + 100 = 79.5°

-:'1 I - - 'I 4..0 u, ~ ~I ~~\.:Jw..bii ~b.. bi uail.... ~ ~ .. I

~ ~-'t-' _, _,g .. .J ..... _)J .. .J m . ~

·w~~ w'19!J ~I_, ~}JI ~~~I W.o ~ wi ~fo ' ~I ~._)wI ~ ~U:u

.~_,.JI 0~~1 ~ Ji....l ~J ~1)1 0~\'1 .J\:l:.J , ~1_,.Jl_,

dv

F=mddt

(3)

wj~ ill b.411 ~~4J1 iI_,! (1) ~I ~ wl_):jJ wb_,! ~_iJ ~.ll ~I ~WI ~ ~~ ~ O~ k ~ , -lev ~ ill..b.- ~I_,.ll 4..oJ\.i.o iI_,! (2)J mg I..SJW ~IJ W ~I ~I ~_r-..JI 0~1 u&- iI_,il1 01\ 0~1 w~ ~_,lb wfo ~L..JI iI)~'iIJ .~\..rJ1

- ,. -

~ ~I ~ F -4"0' JI (.$_,i11 ~bl4 wfo" ylUI o~~1 csi ~l ~J ~1.J ';y ,,1 mg-kv=m: ~ ~ (3) csi -4,)iiU o~ ~A F= mg-kv

dv k -+-v=g dt m

(4)

k = 0 w_U , oJ~_'" .J#. ~I.S "t ~1_,.11 ~"Li.. w....lljJ .~ ~_p.ll A.lJL-S : ~J lw.,p (4) Ult...J1 wJ.i ~ ~"

dv -=g dt

(5)

(6)

Ji,;, ~ .oU-.JI.b"y!J1 ~ IjJ.bii ~ (6) I (5), (4) ~~Jt-ll wfo : .,)J~ , ~."..JI ~JA t:" ~."..JI t:" ~lm ~ ~1_,.11 ~JLi.. , ~ , ~I.S IjJ ~~Jt...J1 o~ .~_,.JI o~~1 ~ ~'J (.$""'1)1 o~~1 li.11jJ ,,1

:J

.. 't

L"ti... ~ tfo~" ' ~.,;iwa a.c.~ r.li 100 tlij) w.- ~.J 5 .uts ~ ~l ~"l , ~1_,.11 , t U:t.:J (.$1 ~ ~I a.c. J"'I ,;.;c. 1 ~ .1 «t U:t.:J (.$1 ~ ~I ~_,.. .y ·tfo.J'J1 ulJ ~, ~ ~ rpJl w.-)I .~

- '\ \ -

: J

'Jolt.... ~ dv/dt = g ~J J.l~ (6 -5) 'Jolt-ll w~ ~I_,..ll ~_,u... ~.fJ 'i ~1 ~ .1 . v = gt + C _,. ~ w~_' J-ill ~\i s ~l£l11 '0 _)~I ~ _,1 , ~ ~li:i

C = , 0 = g(O) + c uti , (~I !.sA ~I~'il ~I 4c..Jo'M) v == O,t =0 I.....llc.

:w}i 'g = 32ft/sec2 w1 (.)4~_, . v = gt ~tl4_, .0

(1)

v= 32t

UW ~_, v = dx/dt ~_'.x ~'Jil ~ ~jll J,&Jt!.sA 4c.."...JI ~ .~ J I diU ~li_,.. Jb; ~ljjJ1 'Jolt-ll .~_, dxldt 32t '-"1 J_,_)j (1) 'Jolt-ll

: '. J, ,.:u-..5:!_,

,x = 16 r + CI (2)

.LAu4:f~_' CI = 0 .) 0 = (16)(0/ + CI ~_, .X = 0 w.,s:, t = 0 I.....llc. USJ_, :~~'(2)csi~

X = 161 (3)

2=.J(100)(16) =2.5 sec. ~ ~ (3) 0.- ' X = 100 \..wlc. t ol~'1 .~

:J

.. '4

• Wfi...JI 0.- r.li 3000 t li:i _;I (.)A ~ _) WY ~I (.)A 'O.fi u.bi..l ~ ~ (~)4) 78 1ol.lC. c.$_'1...i:J ~I ~I_,.JI ~_,\i.. ~1.fJ ltll! 4J=._,i.... ~~_, : ~ _,1 • (~~ JSl r.li) '0 fill 4c..Jo'M

• '&..fiJl ~~, 4c.."...J1 .1

.(.)4_)~I~ • .fill J~_,1 r..PU1 (.)Ajl1 .~

• K = Ys ' w= 21b , x = 3000 ft .l£ 0'11 ~.JA Up.

'W =mg ~I ~ U:!~ 0# ' 32 ft/sec2 ~ g ~j4J1 ~ 01 u4~ m=1;: slug ~ o.fill ~ 0i ~1 , 2 = m(32) 01

dv -+2v=32 dt

. v = 0 U:!~ 0fi= (I = 0) L..l£ • v = (t) = ce-2} + 16 (1) _,. 4h 0fi=.J

: o.J_,....J1 ~ (1) ~.J ' C = 16 J ~ ~.J' 0 = c-2(O) + 16 = c + 16

v= (I) = .16e-2t + 16

(r)

.16ft/sec~ ~ltlll4.c.y.J1 0~ ~\:il4.J 1 ~oo,v ~16 J ~ (2) .J (1) o- (i)

~J (!~ \.lj~ , (x = 3000) ~_//I ~J ~ o.fill 4j~ ~1I1 ~jll ~~'i (Y) (2) ybS ~ ~!!, v = dx/dt , J ~ .1 ~ ~1 .llc. o.fill ~.JA we- ~

dx =16e-21 +16 dt

: lld .. c ... ,t 'I ~L 0 low.. 0 .. .:. 'I ~~t...J1 . _j . L LI.S:lJ

.. U~ t.r.. . ~. ~ IS" Y"'" u.a . .J

X(I) = 8e-2t + 16t + ci

(3)

- "Y' _

(3) W.lt-ll ~_, , CI = -8 wl ~ ~_, , 0 = 8e-2(O) + 16 (0) + c,= 8 + CI o.)~~

X(I) = 8e-21 + 161 - 8

(4)

w~ (4) ~ ~I o~ ,jC- ~_"ul4_, 'x(l) = 3000 ~ u:.o}JI ~J o.fi!I J....=U_, : _,1 3000 = 8 e-21 + 161 - 8 u,.ll

376 = e-21 -I- 21

(5)

J_..:..ll y.fo W1 c:H .u}A , t ~J ~4 ~I Y- (5) ~bI....JI J:a. ~ 'i .ul rt-)4 jj.lll ~.l tl· t -, ~ (.51. _j 1 • -n ~ ~ . ~ ~m ,\..b:.JI :t, .--:tL

. .) c.r. ~ ~ / IS" U-OY' I" ~~ _, _, . ...fi"""' •

. I.;A- ~~I .l:JI ~ ,I w-ojll o~ 4 c..S~.ul ~, ~~_'. lA.l:!Jl ~I

oW_' 1 = 188 sec w_,_s.1_, (5) w-o ~~_, 21 376 ~4 ~I..:JI o~ ~ ~ ~_, . (~) i~ e-2t ~~I .l:JI ~ t w-ojll ~I

~ .l?o." .'.IF.-_,..JI .;-u.J1 .l.lc. ~ ~~ ~ ~,~ J."l:- ~ l:!JiS.: _,..w ., • ~~L..... ~ ~ ~ 800 ~t." J_,b...J1 ~ l:!fo. ~ 250 Wi ~I¥I

.l?o .,,1

'I Ui.:J (.$1 ~ a.c. .)j.J1 ~ I!..IY:i..JI .l.lC. we- I ~ .t

.~1600 ~} l:!~1 ~ r.PUi (j.Ajll .1.,-1

~ w1 ~." .o.l ~ _,..JI .;-u.J1 .l.lC. ~ ~~ J~ a.c..)y. ~ l:!fo. _,..w • 'I' .l?o.J1 • ~\.w. ~ ~WI ~ 20 ~ ~.llj ~ 3000 w1 ~I¥I

, t U:.:J (.$1 .l.lc. a.c. .;j.JI ~ ~pl .l.la.ll we-'~ .1 .~I¥I ~ O.lF.-_,..J1 ~ ~y)L.J1 .l~ w~ ~ rjlll (j.Ajll.1.,-I

ILA c.J-..o 2 oz ~I¥' ~ , w1 .l?o.J • .l y!" _,.JI ~ ~ ~~ J~ (jic. ~ . f .l?o) • 3 Oz c):A.JJ ~ tJi-l1 .l:I.1.J r.JJ ~ .l y!" _,..JI (.;WI F .t

·r1.:l1 o~ r.JJ ~ .ly!"_,..J1 (.;WI ~.y

u...Jts IjJ . 100°F .l.....lc. ~~ ~Jp. o~ ~ 0° F .t,;j-"~ 4.).l ~~.J .f .l?o) , ~l!.l ~ ~ 25°F ~I o-"~ 4.;.l

, 50° F ~I ~I o-"~ 4.;.l J-jl rj'il (j.Ajll .l .49)i, W:!~ ~ ~ o-"~.4.).l.1.,-I

IjJ • 100° F .l.....lc. ~~ ~)~4.).l o~ ~ 0° F .t,;j)~ 4.;.l ~~." .0 ol....+.J1 , ~ 40 ~ 20° F , li .. d) 20 ~ 40° F ~I o)~ 4.J..l'''''!'Al .~I¥I csi ~I o_,1~ 4.J..l

l.ll. 150°F,ljc. ~~ .u,;l_p. ~jl ~ w.;i ~ 50°F .u,;l_p. 4jl ~ ~_, ;, 4jl J..,.:ul r..PUI cJ.4jll ~_,1 , &w 10 ~ 755 F-I i.;l_p. 4jl '''''l'ot

• 100 ° F c.Jj F.I i,;l _p.

, ",I_,.JI ~_,li.. Jt,...H .~ 4.c.~ r..li 500 t\.i:i) ~ 3 slugs.uts ~.bi....l .V ~_,1

, I ~ i.S1 ,ljc. ~I 4.c. _)WI r:;c. ,~ .t

. I ~ i.S1 ,ljc. ~I ~.JA r:;c. '~.y

t-_,li.. JL-AH .~~ JSl r..li 30 ~'~I 4.c.~ rol! 300 t\.i:i) ~ ~.bi....l .A ~_,i , ",I.,.ll

, t ~ i.SI ,ljc. ~, 4.c...,... r:;c. ,~ J ·do}JI c.JI ~ ~ ("pul ~jl' .y

~ _,1 , '" l.,.ll ~ _,ti.. J~ H , ~..rJI A.hl- .1

, t ~ i.S1 ,ljc. ~I 4.c...,... r:;c. I ~ .y

, t \.i:i) ~~ "':!i J-:! i.S1I1 1m ~jll 'e!

, t ~ i.S1 ,ljc. ~I ~.JA r:;c. ,~ • .l

.~~~ttii)~ .0

- ", -

(i)x-y= 0

(U)y = cx1

u.- JSl o.l.4t.:W1 ~'.)t..-ll ~.)., • (iii) Y! + I = cY!

(tv) r = a ( J + sin 0)

(vi) r = a (sec 8 + tan 0)

, ;' 4 1.A.;.l-! ~.Jly' x - y = a ~I ~ ~I 4JjWI ~I.;t..-ll 4Jj~ ~ Jt . , r • ..>wI_)4 a ~

~'~~\.a~'

i

-_j

~, 6iia~J~'J JJ~'

dy F(x,y, dx)=O

F(x,y,p) = 0

b~ ~ ~li:ill 4.l.lt.-l1 wli AI_,l1 (jA ~I p 4.J.l Uj$, Ijli .~1.J4 p=: ~ ~ ~I w~.J ~.JwI.J411 b.J~1 ~ ~I u4-.J.llI.J ~}JI ~)I (jA wfo 4.l6.l1

.p ~1.J411 ~ 4.lb .4..6..11 b~

F(y' = 0

p=y'=! ~

- , .. -

(Yi- (y'/-2y'= 0

P(P-2)(P + 1) = 0

,p=O-+Y=C,

,p=2-+ y=2x+c,

p=-l-+ y=-x+cJ

(y-c,)(y-2x-c,)(Y+X-cJ)=O

:J

• '4

: J 'hI

.J ~LL U •...... J

~~ ~ cS~ wt ~'J J:JI uti ~}:lI ~)I <.J.- oLl-.J1 ~li:J1 ~.bt..J1 w1 ~_, o .J_,..11 ~ ,;;~ ol.b..J1 ~ti:ill U:it...Jl rWI J:JI ,;;).i ·I~ <.J.- .It.ii AI_, cS .J~I

(y-c)(y-2x-c)(y + X-C) = 0

:F(x,y?=O i .... t~ .. ;r ... -"

X = f(Y,p)

(1)

. p= dy c!ap. dx

1 dp

-;;=iJ(Y,P dy)

~ JJla1I cSA~ ~ ,_"._, ~}J' ~.JlI_, c)}JI ~)t <.J.- ~\ij U:it..JI .~_, : o.J_,...J1 ~ ~ ~, ,;;1 u:at.Jai~_, , ~ \4 u..._;.)

y =, (P,C)

(2)

-<\. Y -

:J

.. '4

X =3(ely4 )_(eIy)' +6

dx dx

: J

(2)

~ J.-w<, csll ~ (1) ~la.J1 ~~ ~~

J dx Jdp dp

-=-=J2p --2p-

pely ely ely

J dp

-=(J2pJ -2pp'=-

p ely

ely = (J2p" - 2p')dp

- , . \" -

cS1

12 s 2 3 y=-p --p +c

5 3

(2)

~J41I iJ~1 "J iu.-D ~\i'iD Ult-lJ ('WI ~ ~ (2) I (l) wUUl..Jl ·cSJlj;.i.1 ~~ c ~

y =f(x .p)

(l)

p = I, (x, p, :)

~ ,l,.,l:.1I cSAH ~ era.J ~}J' ~ j\l1.J ~.J'il ~)1 u.- ~ Ult... .~.J iJ_"..D ~ ~ J:JI w1 u:a~.J' u....jl

x = ",(P. c)

(2)

: J 'it

: cJ

oJ_,..:J1 ~ ~.J ~ ollu.Jl ~\.ij)\ Ult....J' uti : = p w1 ~

y = p~_3p3 _7p2 -5 (1)

w1 ~ ~,~, ~.J ~.J"i' ~jllt.J ~.J"il~)t u.- ~lij Ult- '~.J dx = (6p4 -9p-14) dp

6 J 9 2

x=- P --p -14p+c

5 2

•• L! ~I~c~

~J.,.. • --;r-

(Lagrange's equation) .... ~ ......... t

y=xf(y'}+g(y,);

f(y'}:# y',

y'= dy dx

y =x f(P) + g(p)

(2) ~ ~x ~1 ~ (l)Ult-l1 ~~ ~~ !!L=p=f(p) +xf" (p) dp +g'(p) dp

dx dx dx

;f'(p) = d(~~» , g'(p) = d(~~»

:~

x =, (p, c)

(2)

~ ~\i:ill ~I.» 'J Ul\a... ~ W. (1) I (2) w~.)t-J1 .1.$ .;~I ~~ c ~ .~jl.ol.;411 o.;_,_ll

:J

• ..

y=2px +/l

(1)

: J ,1

fly dp 2dp

p=--=2p+2x--+3p --

dx dx dx