Assignment # 3

Q 1. Define Attitude. Discuss the major job attitudes.

Ans. Attitude is predisposition or a tendency to respond positively or
negatively towards a certain idea, object, person, or situation. Attitude
influences an individual's choice of action, and responses to challenges,
incentives, and rewards (together called stimuli). Four major components
of attitude are (1) Affective: emotions or feelings. (2) Cognitive: belief or
opinions held consciously. (3) Conative: inclination for action. (4)
Evaluative: positive or negative response to stimuli.

MAJOR JOB ATTITUDES:

Job Satisfaction
A positive feeling about one’s job resulting from an evaluation of its
characteristics.

Job Involvement
The degree to which a person identifies with a job, actively participates in
it, and considers performance important to self- worth. Closely related
concept is psychological empowerment which is employees’ belief in the
degree to which they impact their work environment, their competence,
the meaningfulness of their job, and the perceived autonomy in their
work.

Psychological Empowerment
Belief in the degree of influence over the job, competence, job
meaningfulness, and autonomy.

Organizational Commitment
The degree to which an employee identifies with a particular organization
and its goals and wishes to maintain membership in the organization.

Three dimensions:
Affective – an emotional attachment to the organization
and a belief in its values.
Continuance Commitment – the perceived economic value
of remaining with an organization compared to leaving it.
Normative - an obligation to remain with the organization
for moral or ethical reasons.

Has some relation to performance, especially for new employees.

Less important now than in past – now perhaps more of occupational
commitment, loyalty to profession rather than a given employer.

More Major Job Attitudes…

Perceived Organizational Support (POS)
Degree to which employees believe the organization values their
contribution and cares about their well-being. Higher when rewards are
fair, employees are involved in decision-making, and supervisors are seen
as supportive. High POS is related to higher OCBs and performance.

Employee Engagement
The degree of involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for the
job. Engaged employees are passionate about their work and company.