Experiments in Laser Physics

Zoltan Jehn
Anita Foksinska
Elcin Ergez
What does LASER mean?

• Light
• Amplification
• Stimulated by
• Emission of
• Radiation
 How does laser work? I.

1. Excite the atom E1=E0/n2

2. Keep the energy H*f=E1-E0
3. Photon emission
 How does the laser work? II.

1. Laser material
2. Exciting the atoms
3. Photon emission
4. Resonating
 Nd:YAG Laser

1. Incoming invisible laser light

2. Nd:YAG crystal
3. IR filter
 Double-Slit Interference
(experiment)
• Experiment of Thomas
Young:
We have got 2 gaps (slits)
between the the separated
bars.
– There formed two circular
waves at the center of slits.
– When the waves interfere, we
see dark (caused by
destructive interference) and
light bands (caused by
constructive interference) on
the screen.
 Double-Slit Interference
(experiment)

• Condition for a maximum:

d · sin α = kλ k= 1, 2, 3 ...

• Condition for a minimum:

d · sin α = (2k + 1) λ k= 1, 2, 3 ...

d= spacing between the two slits, λ= wavelength, k= order of

maximum/minimum, α= angle under which you see the
maximum
 Properties of LASER Beam
• Monochromacy
• Coherence

• Ultra-short Pulse Possible

• High Beam Intensity
Beam Intensity
I0

•Gauss Disribution Curve

2r 2 I0

I (r )  I 0  e
2 e2
w

I0
e2
• Low Divergence

• θ = 0.05°
Thanks for Listening