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£ Explain the dimensions of employee diversity


and why ethnorelativism is the appropriate
attitude for today¶s organizations.
£ Discuss the changing workplace and how to
effectively manage a culturally diverse
workforce.
£ Understand the challenges minority employees
face daily.
£ Explain affirmative action and why factors such
as the glass ceiling have kept it from being
more successful.

 

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£ Describe how to change corporate culture,


structure, and policies and how to use diversity
training to foster an inclusive work environment.
£ Explain the importance of addressing sexual
harassment in the workplace.
£ Define the importance of multicultural teams
and employee network groups for today¶s
globally diverse organizations.

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Smart managers value diversity & enforce the value in decisions

£ Diversity in the population, the workforce, and


the marketplace is a fact of life no manager
can afford to ignore
£ Managing diversity today ± recruiting, training,
valuing, maximizing potential of people

Gender Disability Sexual orientation

Race Ethnicity Education


Age Religion Economic level

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£ —op managers value diversity
Ɣ —o give organization access to broader
range of opinions and viewpoints
Ɣ —o spur greater creativity and innovation
Ɣ —o reflect an increasingly diverse customer
base
Ɣ —o obtain the best talent in a competitive
environment
Ɣ —o more effectively compete in the global
marketplace

 

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£ Œob seekers value diversity

£ 91% of job seekers think diversity


programs make a company a better
place to work
£ Survey commissioned by —he New York —imes

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£ Many managers are ill-prepared to


handle diversity issues
£ Many Americans grew up in racially
unmixed neighborhoods
£ Had little exposure to people
substantially different from themselves

  

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£ A workforce made up of people with


different human qualities or who
belong to various cultural groups

 

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Inborn
difference -  

Have an   

impact 
throughout Marital Education Acquired or
one¶s life Religious
Status changed
 
Beliefs
throughout
 one¶s lifetime
Age Have less
Gender Ethnicity impact ± still
Parental Military
 Sexual impact self
Status Physical Experience
Orientation definition
Ability
Race

Work Geographic
Background Location
Income

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£ A culture that accepts only one way


to do things
£ —here is only one set of values and
beliefs

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Goal for organizations seeking cultural diversity is pluralism

£ Ethnocentrism ü belief that one¶s own


group or subculture is inherently
superior to other groups or cultures
£ Enthnorelativism ü belief that groups
and subcultures are inherently equal
£ Pluralism ü an organization
accommodates several subcultures

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Globalization Changing
Competition Composition of
is intense Workforce

Dramatic —here are more


Changes in women, people
the of color, and
Customer immigrants
Base seeking
opportunities

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£ Lack of choice assignments
£ Disregard by a subordinate of a minority
manager¶s direction
£ Ignoring of comments made by women
and minorities at meetings
£ A need to become ³Bicultural´

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Means minorities use to deal with bias in the workplace

£ Socio-cultural skills and attitudes used


by racial minorities as they move back
and forth between the dominant culture
and their own ethnic or racial culture

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6Êaluing differences
6Prevailing value system
&1 # 2$# -#
6Cultural inclusion  &  !#
#
6Problem or opportunity? ')  *+
6Challenge met or barely addressed? 6Recruitment
6Level of majority-culture buy-in 6—raining and development
(resistance or support) 6Performance appraisal
 6Compensation and benefits
 6Promotion
$ # !  
6Educate management on  
valuing differences
6Promoting knowledge and !,   -%-#
acceptance . /
6—aking advantage of the 6Dual-career couples
opportunities that diversify #!#

 0#,#
0 # %#
6Sexism and sexual harassment
provides 6Work-family conflict
6Effect on cohesiveness,
communication, conflict, morale

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5$*3 / #6Y
6Effects of group identity on
     47% *
2
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  interaction (e.g., stereotyping) Exhibit 13.3

%   #6*$ %
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9#
+::,#;9!9<
6Prejudice (racism, ethnocentrism)

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£ Affirmative action was developed in response


to conditions 40 years ago.
£ —oday more then half the U.S. workforce
consists of women and minorities.
£ It is not the same as diversity.
£ Research shows that full integration of women
and racial minorities into organizations is still at
least a decade away.

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£ An invisible barrier separates


women and minorities from top
management positions
£ Fortune 500 Women Corporate
Officers
± 2004 = 15.7%
± 2000 = 12.5%
± 1995 = 8.7%
± Only eight Fortune 500 companies
have female CEOs in 2006

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Current Responses to Diversity

´ Building a corporate culture that values


diversity
´ Changing structures, policies, and
systems to support diversity
´ Recruitment
´ Career advancement
´ Providing diversity awareness training

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´ Examine employee demographics
´ Examine composition of the labor pool in the area
´ Examine composition of the customer base
  - #
´ Eliminate the glass ceiling
´ Accomplish mentoring relationships
 #! 3 % 
´ Child care
´ Non-English speaking training materials and information packets can
be provided
´ Maternity or paternity leave
´ Flexible work schedules
´ Home-based employment
´ Long-term-care insurance, special health or life benefits

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!,# -% . 4  6Multicultural attitude-enables
 
 one to integrate differences
 1   and adapt both cognitively
and behaviorally
 3# #
6Able to shift from one cultural
perspective to another
6Able to empathize with those
3#  of other cultures
6Accepts behavioral differences and
underlying differences in values
6Recognizes validity of other ways of
thinking and perceiving the world
&"! ..
6Hides or trivializes cultural
differences
6Focuses on similarities among Exhibit 13.6
all peoples
.
6Perceives threat against one¶s
comfortable worldview
6Uses negative stereotyping
6Assumes own culture superior ° 3 $
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7 *     #67 
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6Parochial view of the world

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6No awareness of cultural differences
6In extreme cases, may claim other
cultures are subhuman 4# -% . 4 

 

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—wo Issues of Concern of Close Relationships in the Workplace

´ Emotional Intimacy
´ Sexual Harassment - various forms defined
by one university:
Ɣ Generalized
Ɣ Inappropriate/offensive
Ɣ Solicitation with promise of reward
Ɣ Coercion with threat of punishment
Ɣ Sexual crimes and misdemeanors

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£ Expatriates = employees who live


and work in a country other than
their own
£ Global Diversity Program
± Employee selection
± Employee training
± Understanding high vs. low-context
communication context

 

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 5   

High Context Chinese


Korean
Œapanese
Êietnamese
Arab
Greek
Spanish
Italian
English
North American
Scandinavian
Low Context Swiss
German

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£ &$%#$%#$ % #  ü made up
from diverse national, racial, ethnic
and cultural backgrounds
£ 3%
 #45 !$3 =
based on social identity, and
organized by employees to focus
on concerns of employees from
that group

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£ Advantages
± Enhanced creativity, innovation, and value in
today¶s global marketplace
± Generate more and better alternatives to
problems
± Produce more creative solutions than
homogeneous teams
£ Disadvantage - increased potential for
miscommunication and
misunderstanding

 

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