CSE-151

TERM PAPER
TOPIC: CALCULATOR

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

Mr. Anand Kumar Kumar Gaurav
Roll No.: 27
Dept. Of CSE Section: 257(G2)
Regd. No.: 10805952
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my gratitude to all those who

have helped me in the successful completion of my
project. I want to thank the Department of CSE of Lovely
Professional University for giving me permission to
commence on this project. I would like to thank MR.
ANAND KUMAR for helping me somehow and
encouraged me to go ahead with my project.
Especially, I would like to give my special thanks to my
mother whose patient love enabled me to complete this
work.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.INTRODUCTION

2.INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT

3. PROPOSED SYSTEM

(i) DESCRIPTION

(ii) SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

3. REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS

4. USING FUNCTIONS

5. SOURCE CODE

6. FUTURE SCOPE OF PROJECT

7. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Introduction:
C is a programming language developed at AT & T’s Bell
Laboratories of USA in 1972. It was designed and written by a
man named Dannis Ritchie. In the late seventies C began to
replace the more familiar language of that time like PL/I, ALGOL,
etc. No one pushed C. It was not made the ‘official’ Bell Labs
language. Thus, without any advertisement, C’s reputation
spread and its pool of users grew. Ritchie seems to have been
rather surprised that so many programmers preferred C to older
language like FORTRAN or PL/I, or the newer ones like Pascal
and APL. But, that’s what happened.

Possibly why C seems so popular is because it is reliable, simple

and easy to use. Moreover, in an industry where newer
languages, tools and technologies emerge and vanish day in and
day out, a language that survived for more than three decades
has to be really good.

An opinion that is often heard today is - “ C has been already

superceded by language like C++, C# and Java, so why bother
to learn C today”. I seriously bag to differ with this opinion. There
are several reasons for this:

(a) I believe that nobody can learn C++ or Java directly. This is
because while learning these languages you have things
like classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, templates,
exception handling, references, etc. do deal with apart from
knowing the actual language elements. Learning these
complicated concepts when you are not even comfortable
with the basic language elements is like putting the cart
before the horse. Hence one should first learn all the
 language elements very thoroughly using C language
before migrating to C++, C# or Java. Though this two step
learning process may take more time, but at the end of it
you will definitely find it worth the trouble.

(b) C++, C# or Java make use of a principle called Object

Oriented Programming (OOP) to organize the program. This
organizing principle has lots of advantage to offer. But
even while using this organizing principle you would still
need a good hold over the language elements of C and the
basic programming skills.

(c) Though many C++ and Java based programming tools

frameworks have evolved over the years the importance of
C is still unchallenged because knowingly or unknowingly
while using these frameworks and tools you would be still
required to use core C language elements- another good
reason why one should learn C before C++, C# or Java.

(d) Major parts of popular operating system like windows UNIX,

Linux are still written in C. This is because even today when
it comes to performance (speed of execution) nothing beats
C. Moreover, if one is to extend the operating system to
work with new devices one needs to write device driver
programs. These programs are exclusively written in C.

(e) Mobile device like cellular phones and palmtops have

become rage of today. Also, common consumer device like
microwave ovens, washing machines and digital cameras
getting smatter by the day. This smartness comes from the
microprocessors, an operating system and program
embedded in these devices. These programs not only have
to run fast but also have to work in limited amount of
memory. No wonder that such programs are written in C.
With these constrains on time and space c is language of
choice while building such operating systems and
programs.
 (f) You must have seen several professional 3D computer
games where the user navigates some objects, like say a
spaceships and fires bullets at the invaders. The essence of
all such games is speed. Needless to say, such games won’t
become popular if they takes a long time to spaceship or to
fire a bullet. To match expectation of the player the game
has to react fast to the user input. This is where C language
scores over other languages. many popular gaming
frameworks have been built using C language.

(g) At times one is required to very closely interact with the

hardware devices. Since C provides several language
elements that makes this interaction feasible without
compromising the performance it is the preferred choice of
the programmer.

Introduction of project:

The topic of my project is “CLCULATOR”. This program

has main focus on scientific calculation. It makes
calculation very easier. It will definitely help to solve the
calculation. My project is very different to the older
version in such a way that it is more users friendly and
stores records than usual. All and over it is compact and
easy to use.

PROPOSED SYSTEM

DESCRIPTION:
 My software deals with calculator. I have used various
decision statements like switch, if and else and various
functions. C language really proved to be very helpful in
building of my software as it is very user friendly and is
structured language. It allows the programmer to work in
small modules called functions. Thus my software will help
in reducing the various scientific calculation.

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS:

OPERATING SYSTEM: WINDOWS XP OR WINDOW VISTA

VERSION OF C: TURBO C++ (VERSION 4.5)

PROCESSOR: PENTIUM 4 @ 2.00 GHz OR HIGHER

MEMORY (RAM): 128 MB OR HIGHER

SYSTEM TYPE: 32 BIT OPERATING SYSTEM

 REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS:

My system model is Lenovo Vista PC. The processor is Intel core 2

duo. With Intel Core 2 Duo desktop processor, the PC experiences
a revolutionary performance, unbelievable system
responsiveness, and energy-efficiency second to none. It gives

• Up to 6MB L2 cache

• Up to 1333 MHz front side bus

The RAM memory of my computer is 2 GB. Here goes the

function of RAM:
 All of the data is held on the Hard Disk Drive - even Windows is
stored there. When the computer is running, whenever it needs
to open a program, file, or run a process that it hasn't in a while,
it accesses the Hard Drive and runs the process that it's looking
for through the processor. While it is processing, it may need to
store and access numbers. These numbers are stored in the RAM
(Random Access Memory). It completes processes by doing this
routine over and over until the computer is turned off. RAM does
not hold any amount of data that we can access - only the
machine can. The breakdown of RAM is:
1 Gigabyte = 1024 Megabyte
1 Megabyte = 1024 Kilobytes
1 Kilobyte = 1024 Bytes
1 Byte = 8 bits
1 bit = 1 binary number (a 1 or a 0)

So, 2 Gigs of ram holds appx. 8.60 x 10^9 bits.

My PC works as a 32-BIT operating system. A 32-bit operating

system is

A binary digit, or bit, is the smallest unit of data that a computer

can process. All other things being equal, the more bits your
computer

can process at the same time, the faster it is.

Most desktop computers manipulate bits in groups of 16 or 32. If

you

have two computers whose clock (processing) speed is identical,

and one

processes 32 bits at a time while the other processes 16, the 32-
bit
computer will be about twice as fast.

USING FUNCTION
In my software program used following types of functions:-

1. PRINTF function: - This function used for display the given

data by the user through the keyboard.
2. SCANF function:- This function used for input the data by
the user.
3. IF & ELSE statement:- This function used for check the
condition where the condition is true, executed the body of
true block and if the true condition is false else body will be
executed.
 4. SWITCH statement:- It is used for generally for menu driven
program, while using this function user directly go to the
case where the user want to go, respected body will be
executed.
5. BREAK statement:- It is used for getting out from the switch
case.
1.1. Header files

Ex. <stdio.h>,<conio.h> etc.

1.2. Switch case

Ex. Case1,case2.

1.3. Break

1.4 Function

Ex. Void.

1.5 Control statement

Ex. And, or,not etc.

1.6 logical statement

Ex. If,ifelse,nestedif etc.

SOURCE CODE
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<iostream.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<process.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
int i;
printf("**** WELCOME TO THE CALCULATION WORLD ****");
printf(" \n****NOW CHOOSE ONE OF THE FOLLOWING OPTIONS ****");
printf("\n {1} ADDDITION ");
printf("\n {2} SUBTRACTION ");
printf("\n {3} MULTIPLICATION ");
printf("\n {4} DIVIDE ");
printf("\n {5} POWER ");
printf("\n {6} SQUAREROOT");
printf("\n {7} INVERSE");
printf("\n {8} FACTORIAL");
printf(“\n {9} EXIT “);
printf("\n PLEASE ENTER THE VALUE \n");
printf(" ");
scanf(" %d",&i);

switch(i)
{
case 1:

int a,b,z,sum=0;
printf("\n ENTER FIRST NUMBER ");
scanf("%d",&a);
printf("\n ENTER SECOND NUMBER ");
scanf("%d",&b);
z=a+b;
sum=z;
printf("\nSUM IS %d",sum);
break;

case 2:
int c,d,subtraction=0;
printf("\n ENTER FIRST NUMBER ");
scanf("%d",&c);
printf("\n ENTER SECOND NUMBER ");
scanf("%d",&d);
if(c>d)
{
subtraction=c-d;
printf("SUBTRACTION IS =%d",subtraction);
}
else
{
subtraction=d-c;
printf("SUBTRACTION IS -%d",subtraction);
}
break;

case 3:
int e,f,multiplication=0;
printf("ENTER THE FIRST NUMBER ");
scanf("%d",&e);
printf("\nENTER SECOND NUMBER ");
scanf("%d",&f);
multiplication=e*f;
printf("MULTIPLICATION IS =%d",multiplication);
break;

case 4:
int g,h,remainder=0,quotient=0;
printf("ENTER THE FIRST NUMBER ");
scanf("%d",&g);
printf("\nENTER SECOND NUMBER ");
scanf("%d",&h);
remainder=g%h;
quotient=g/h;
printf("REMAINDER=%d",remainder);
printf("\nQUOTIENT=%d",quotient);
break;

case 5:
int j,k,power=0;
printf("FIRST NUMBER IS BASE AND SECOND IS POWER\n");
printf("ENTER FIRST NUMBER ");
scanf("%d",&j);
printf("\nENTER SECOND NUMBER ");
scanf("%d",&k);
power=pow(j,k);
printf("POWER VALUE IS=%d",power);
break;

case 6:
float l,squareroot=0;
printf("ENTER THE VALUE OF WHICH WE HAVE TO FIND SQUARE ROOT
");
scanf("%d",&l);
squareroot=sqrt(l);
printf("THE SQUARE ROOT =%d",squareroot);
break;

case 7:
float m;
float n;
printf("ENTER THE VALUE FOR WHICH WE HAVE TO FIND INVERSE ");
scanf("%f",&m);
n=1/m;
printf("INVERSE IS =%f",n);
break;

case 8:
int fact=1,o,p,q;

printf("ENTER THE VALUE FOR WHICH WE HAVE TO FIND FACTORIAL ");

scanf("%d",&o);
for(p=1;p<=o;p++)
{
fact=fact*p;
}
printf("FACTORIAL =%d",fact);
break;

case 9:
exit(0);
default:
printf("PLEASE ENTER THE VALID OPTION !");
sound(1000);

getch();
}

TESTING
THE OUTPUT OF MY PROJECT
{1} ADDITION
{2} SUBTRACTION
{3} MULTIPLICATION
{4} DIVIDE
{5} POWER
{6} SQUARE ROOT
{7} INVERSE
{8} FACTORIAL
{9} EXIT

IT WILL WORKS ACCORDING TO THE NO.ENTER BY

USER…….

FUTURE SCOPE OF PROJECT:

My project is calculator. It will surely help in calculating the

calculations . It will reduce manual labour and will be more
machine oriented, thus will also help in reducing large
calculation easly . It will reduce manual labour for calculating the
scientific calculation.

It will be very good project in the future.

Because of:-

1. It is very simple to use.

2. It is user friendly.

3. We can simply perform a calculation .

BIBLIOGRAPHY

www.en.wikipedia.org
Google search
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