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.2.3ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮة اﻷﻳﻮﻧﺎت HO −اﻟﻤﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻮل ) ، (Sﻧﺄﺧﺬ ﺣﺠﻤﺎV=20,0 mLﻣﻦ هﺬا اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻮل وﻧﻀﻴﻒ إﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻻ
ﻣﺎﺋﻴﺎ ) ( S Aﻟﺤﻤﺾ اﻟﻜﻠﻮرﻳﺪرﻳﻚ ﺗﺮآﻴﺰﻩ C A = 1, 0.10 −2 mol.L−1
ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻓﺆ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺻﺐ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ V AE = 27, 7 m Lﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻮل ) ( S A
ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ أن اﻷﻳﻮﻧﺎت HO −اﻟﻤﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻮل ) (Sهﻲ اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻷﻳﻮﻧﺎت H 3O +اﻟﻮارد ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻮل
) ( S Aأﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮة ،وﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ :
) (H 3O+ aq + HOaq− → 2 H 2O
.2.3.1أوﺟﺪ آﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﺎدة اﻷﻳﻮﻧﺎت HO −اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻠﺖ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺤﻤﺾ RCOOHاﻟﻤﺘﻮاﺟﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻴﺲ1) .ن(
.2.3.2أﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ mﻟﺤﻤﺾ اﻹﻳﺒﻮﺑﺮوﻓﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻮاﺟﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻴﺲ .اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ 0.5) .ن(
اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء ) 13ﻧﻘﻂ(
−t
ﻓﻴﺘﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺑﻄﻲ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ وﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ' uC = 360 τ؛ ﺣﻴﺚ ' τﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ و ) uc (tﻣﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻮﻟﻂ )(V
.2.1أوﺟﺪ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ rﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻣﺼﺒﺎح واﻣﺾ ﺁﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ أن اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺑﻄﻲ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ
uC (t ) = 132, 45Vﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ 0.5) .t = 2msن(
.2.2اﺷﺮح آﻴﻒ ﻳﺠﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ واﻣﺾ ﺁﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻟﻀﻤﺎن ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻎ أﺳﺮع ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺜﻒ 0.5) .ن(
اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ 6 ) 3ﻧﻘﻂ ( :اﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ – دراﺳﺔ ﺳﻘﻮط ﺟﺴﻢ ﺻﻠﺐ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎل اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻈﻢ :
ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮات اﻟﻤﺮوﺣﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت ﻹﻳﺼﺎل ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪات إﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻨﻜﻮﺑﺔ ﻳﺘﻌﺬر اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺮ
اﻟﺒﺮ.
ﺗﺘﺤﺮك ﻃﺎﺋﺮة ﻣﺮوﺣﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺛﺎﺑﺖ Hﻣﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻷرض ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ أﻓﻘﻴﺔ V0ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ وﺗﺴﻘﻂ ﺻﻨﺪوق ﻣﻮاد ﻏﺬاﺋﻴﺔ ،ﻣﺮآﺰ
ﻗﺼﻮرﻩ G0ﻓﻴﺮﺗﻄﻢ اﻟﺼﻨﺪوق ﺑﺴﻄﺢ اﻷرض ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ) . Tاﻟﺸﻜﻞ (1
ﻧﺪرس ﺣﺮآﺔ G0ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ وﻣﻤﻨﻈﻢ ) ℜ(O, i, jﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﻷرض واﻟﺬي ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮﻩ ﻏﺎﻟﻴﻠﻴﺎ .
ﻧﻌﻄﻲ ) g = 10m.s −2 :ﺷﺪة اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻟﺔ (.
و H=405 m؛ ﻧﻬﻤﻞ أﺑﻌﺎد اﻟﺼﻨﺪوق.
ﻳﺴﻘﻂ اﻟﺼﻨﺪوق ،ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ ، t = 0اﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ) A( x A = 450m; y A = 0ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺒﺪﺋﻴﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ V 0ذات
اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ V0 = 50m.s −1
(
1.5) O, i, jن( ) .1.1أوﺟﺪ ،ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻨﻴﻮﺗﻦ ،اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺘﻴﻦ اﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺘﻴﻦ ) x(tو ) y(tﻟﺤﺮآﺔ G0ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ
.1.2ﺣﺪد ﻟﺤﻈﺔ ارﺗﻄﺎم اﻟﺼﻨﺪوق ﺑﺴﻄﺢ اﻷرض 0.75) .ن(
.1.3أوﺟﺪ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﻣﺴﺎر ﺣﺮآﺔ 0.5) . G0ن(
) t1 ( s 0 0,1 0 ,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0 ,6
) Vi ( m.s −1 0 1,00 1,93 2,80 V4 4,37 5,08
) ai ( m.s −2 10,00 9,33 8,71 8,12 a4 7,07 6,60
S0 C0
n0 ( RCOOH )
C0 S0
V0
m0 ( RCOOH )
n0 ( RCOOH )
M ( RCOOH )
m0 ( RCOOH )
C0 n0 ( RCOOH )
V0 M ( RCOOH )
200.10 3
C0
100.10 3 206
C0 9,7.10 3 molL 1
C0V0
x C0V0 x x x
xf C0V0 xf xf xf
xf
x max
n (H 3O ) x
f
PH
H 3O 10
xf PH
n H 3O
10 H 3O
V0 V0
PH
xf V 0 .10
C 0V 0 x max
10 PH
C0
10 3,17
9, 7.10 3
0,07
1
Qr
H 3O RCOO
Qr
RCOOH
x max V0 Qr
H 3O RCOO
éq eq
Qr
RCOOH eq
x x éq
xeq
H 3O RCOO n H 3O neq RCOO xéq
eq eq V0
H 3O
eq
C0
RCOO H 3O .C0
eq eq
RCOOH éq
C0 C0
RCOOH éq
C0 (1 )
2
C 02
Q r ,éq Qr ,éq
C 0 (1 )
2
C0
Q r ,éq
(1 )
x max C 0V 0
x max
C0
V0
x max. 2
Q r ,éq C0
V 0 (1 )
K
K Qr ,éq
x max . 2
x max C 0V 0 K
V 0 (1 )
C0 . 2 C0 .V0 . 2
K K
(1 ) V0 (1 )
3
9, 7.10 (0, 07) 2
K
0, 07
K 5.10 5
RCOOH
m RCOOH
ni ( RCOOH )
M ( RCOOH )
ni ( RCOOH ) 9,7.10 4 mol
ni ( RCOOH ) ni HO
RCOOH HO
ni HO n( H 3O ) H3O HO ni HO
ni HO C A .VAE
ni HO 1, 0.10 2.27, 7.10 3
ni HO 2, 77.10 4 mol
n2 HO 3ni HO VB HO
n2 HO 8,31.10 4 mol n2 HO 3 2, 77.10 4
n HO ni HO n2 HO RCOOH HO
3 4
n HO 1,8.10 8,31.10
n HO 9, 7.10 4 mol
–
24 24 A
11 Na 11 Mg Z X
A=0 -
Z = -1 Z = 11+12 -
0
1X
ln 2 ln 2
15 3600 t1
2
5
1, 28.10
.t1 3h n1
n0 24
11 Na C0 .V0 24
11 Na t0 0 -
N0 n0 24
11 Na N A t0 0 -
24
N0 C0V0 .Na n0 11 Na
N1 n1 24
11 Na .N A t1 3h -
t1
N1 N 0e t1
ln 2 t
24 t1/ 2 1 24 t1
n1 11 Na . 0 .e
C 0V ni Na .N A
11 C 0V
. 0 .N Ae
ln2
24 6 24 3 3 15 .3
n1 11 Na 4.35.10 mol n1 11 Na 10 .5.10 e
t1
24
a1 n1 11 Na .N A a1 .N 1
5 6
a1 1, 28.10 4,35.10 6,02.1023
a1 3,35.1013 Bq
Vp
V1 V '1
5L
V '1 V1 VP V1 5L
n2 n1
C1 t1
V2 V1
n2 n1
V1 VP n2 n1.V2
V2 V1 VP
n2VP n1V2 n2V1 n2V1.n2VP n1.V
n2V1 n1V2
VP n2VP n2V1 n1V2
n2
9 3 6
5 2,1.10 4,35 2.10 10
VP
2,1.10 9
VP 0,857 L
VP 857mL
–
I
u c (t )
E uR uc
uR R.i
duc duc dq
uR RC i C q C.uc i
dt dt dt
duC
E RC uC uR
dt
duC 1 E
uC u c (t )
dt RC RC
uC (t ) E (1 e t / )
u C (t )
d E E
E (1 e t / ) e t/
dt RC RC
E t/ E E E
e e t/
RC RC RC
E E t/ E E
e
RC RC RC
E E
e t/ 0
RC
E E
t 0 0 u C (t )
RC
E E
R.C
RC RC
C R
R
U R . I U R.I
U
R
I
C
q
q I .t U
C
I .t
U
C
I .t I .t
C U
U C
R .C
I I .t
t
I U
t
C 100 F C
t=0 u c (t ) -
uC E uC 12V
1s
C -
RC
C
R
1
C
10.103
C 100 F C 10 4 F
1
Ee CU C2
2
E 12V uC E
1
Ee CE 2
2
1
Ee .10 4.(12)2
2
Ee 7, 2.10 3 J
II
r
uC t
ln uC 360e t / '
360 '
t
'
u
ln c
360
' r.
t
r
u
C ln C
360
3
2.10
r
132, 45
10 4 ln
360
r 20
5rC 5 '
r
I
R(O, i, j ) G0 y(t) x(t)
P
F ext maG
P maG
mg maG
aG g
(O, i)
ax gx
ax 0 gx 0
dVx dVx
0 ax
dt dt
Vx C1
t 0 Vx V0
C1 V0
dx
V0
dt
x V0t C2
xAC2 t=0 x(t 0) x A
x(t ) V0t x A (O, i)
x(t ) 50t 450 (m)
(O , j )
ay g gy g ay gy
dVy
ay
dt
dVy
Vy gt C3 g
dt
Vy (t 0) C3 t=0 Vy (t 0) C3
C3 0
Vy
gt
dy dy
y 1/ 2 gt 2 C4 gt
dt dt
y (t 0) yA 0 t=0
C4 0
1 2
y gt (O , j )
2
y 5t 2
yT H
405
t 9s t
5
G0
y(t) x(t) G0
x(t ) 50t 450
x(t ) 450
t
50
2
x(t ) 450 x 2 202500 900 x
y 5 5 y(t) t
50 2500
II
R(O, i, j ) G1
P
f
F ext maG
dv
P mg f 100v aG P f maG
dt
dv
m g 100v m
dt
dv
mg. j 100vj m j
dt
dv
mg 100v m
dt
dv
1500 100v 150
dt
dv 2
10 v R(O, i, j ) G1
dt 3
V lim
1
V lim 15.m .s
v = cte
dv
0
dt
V = f(t)
1
v 15m.s v V lim t=0
1,5s
7,5s 5
a4 V4
dvi 2 2
10 vi ai 10 vi
dt 3 3
vi 1 vi
ai ti
t
t
t 0,1s
vi 1 vi ai t
t3 0,3s v4 v3 a3 t
2 1
a3 8,12m.s v3 2,80m.s
1
v4 3,61ms v3
2,80 8,12 0,1
2
a4 10 v4
3
2
a4 10 .3, 61
3
v4 7,59ms 2