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-1ﺃﻭﺟﺪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﻠﻴﺔ Gﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ . x fﺃﺣﺴﺐ -2 . x fﺃﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ τ 3ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ .
-3ﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ :ﲪﺾ ﺍﻻﻳﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﻚ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻔﻜﻜﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﲪﺾ ﺍﳌﻴﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﻚ ﻷﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺎﺋﻲ ﺃﺻﻐﺮ ؟.
-ﺑﺮﺭ ﺇﺟﺎﺑﺘﻚ .
− +
HCOO − × H 3O +
ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ HCOO = H 3O : = K f f
** ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ : K
f f
[ HCOOH ]f
2
H 3O +
= K f
+
ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ : ﻭ [ HCOOH ]f = [ HCOOH ]0 − H 3O + f
C 1 − H 3O
f
) (10
2
−2,9 2
−4
H 3O +
K = 1,8 × 10 = Kﳒﺪ : = Kﻭ ﻣﻨﻪ f
ﻭ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ :
10 − 10−2,9 C 1 − H 3O +
f
− +
HCOO × H 3O
Ka =
Ka
f f
= τ 2ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ -ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﻥ τ 2ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﺘﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ :
[ HCOOH ]f ( Ka + 10−PH )
xf H 3O +
H 3O = τ × C 2
+
= τﻭ ﻣﻨﻪ = f
ﻭ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ :
f x max C2
ﻭ [ HCOOH ]f = [ HCOOH ]0 − H 3O + f ﻭ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ HCOO − = H 3O + :
f f
2
H 3O +
2
τ × 10 − PH H 3O +
Ka = 2 = Kaﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ f
ﺃﻱ = Ka f
ﻭﻣﻨﻪ :
1 −τ 2 1 −τ +
+
H 3O
H 3O f f
− H 3O +
τ2 τ2 f
(
⋅ G = K ⋅ λH O + + λCH COO −
3 3
) Vx f
= H 3O + fﻭ ﻣﻨﻪ :
xf
V
ﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﳒﺪ
−3
11× 10 × 0,1 G ⋅V
= x fﳒﺪ x f = 1,12 × 10−5 mol = ⇐ xf ** ﺣﺴﺎﺏ : x f
2,5 × 10−3 × ( 35 + 4,1) × 10−3 (
K ⋅ λH O + + λCH COO −
3 3
)
1,12 ×10−5 xf xf
= τ 3ﳒﺪ τ 3 = 0,11 : = τ 3ﻭ ﻣﻨﻪ = : -2ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ τ 3
10−3 × 0,1 x max C 3 ⋅V
ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺧﺎﻃﺌﺔ ﻷﻥ :ﺍﳊﻤﺾ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻔﻜﻜﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻟﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺎﺋﻲ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻻﻳﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﻚ ﺃﻗﻞ ﺗﻔﻜﻜﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻴﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﻚ . τ 3 p τ 2