Organic Compounds Chart

Type Carbohydrates Fats

A. Composition CH CHON
B. Subunits Monosaccharide Glycerol, Fatty acids
C. Bond Btwn Glycosidic linkage (dehydration Ester linkage (hydroxyl &
Subunits reaction) carboxyl group bond)
D. Major Functions Energy use Hormones – regulatory and
Energy storage developmental
Organism Growth Phospholipid membrane
Insulation - in complex
biological systems
E. Monomers or Monomer forms are used for Monomers: fats fatty acids
polymer metabolic reactions. Polymers: phospholipid,
Polymer forms are used for energy triglycerol,, steroids
storage.
F. Misc. Glucose, a monosaccharide is the Diet rich in saturated fats may
most common biological molecule in contribute to cardiovascular
world. disease.
Type Proteins Nucleic Acids
A. Composition NHOC NHOC
B. Subunits aminoacids nucleotides
C. Bond Btwn Polypeptide Hydrogen and phosphodiester
Subunits bond
D. Major Functions Enzyme, Structure maintenance, Storage of genetic data
amino acid storage, transport
substances, coordinate organism’s
activites (muscle cells), response to
cell stimuli(receptors), movement,
immune system (antibodies)
E. Monomers or Polymers. Constructed from 20 Polymer
polymer different amino acids.
F. Misc. Comprise 50% of drymass of cells 2 types: RNA and DNA
Makes life possible on larger scale 5 types of nucleotides:
Denatures rapidly Thymine, uracil, adenine,
guanine, cytosine
DNA strands: anti parallel and
double helix