Biology Form 5

Monthly Test
 Question 1
(a) (i) J: Pulmonary circulation
K: Systemic circulation
(ii) J: Change deoxygenated blood to oxygenated blood
K: Transport oxygenated blood from the heart to all the body
tissues
(b) W: Pulmonary vein
X: Pulmonary artery
Y: Aorta
Z: Vena cava
(c) (i) Blood pressure in blood vessel X is lower than the blood pressure
in blood vessel Y.
(ii) Blood in blood vessel Y is pumped in high pressure to transport
the oxygenated blood to all parts of the body except the heart.
While blood vessel X only transport deoxygenated blood from
the heart to the lungs.
 Question 1
(a) (i) A: Closed and single circulatory system
B: Closed and double circulatory system
(ii) A: Fish
B: Frog
(iii) Both A and B transport blood in a closed circulatory
system.
 Question 2
(a) (i) Menstruation stage
[3] Progesterone level is at its lowest
The endometrium of the uterus starts to breaks. The endometrium
tissues are discarded together with discharged blood
The pituitary gland is stimulated to secrete follicle-stimulating
hormone (FSH) to stimulate the development of follicles
(ii) Follicle development stage
[6] The FSH level increases, this stimulates primary follicle in the
ovary develops into a Graafian follicle
The development of follicles in the ovary stimulates the secretion of
oestrogen
Oestrogen repairs the uterine wall and causes the endometrium to
thicken in preparation for implantation
The level of oestrogen increases and until a particular level it
stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete luteinising hormone (LH)
At the same time, high level of oestrogen stops the pituitary gland
from producing FSH, resulting the level of FSH to become lower
LH causes ovulation and the release of a secondary oocyte is
released from the Graafian follicle
 Question 2
(a) Corpus luteum stage
(iii)
[7] After ovulation, the follicle will form a corpus luteum
The corpus luteum secretes progesterone
Progesterone stimulates more blood vessels to develop in it
and thickens the endometrium
If fertilisation occurs, the corpus luteum remains and
continues to secrete progesterone to maintain the thickness
of the endometrium
High level of progesterone will inhibits the secretion of FSH
and LH, thus preventing further development of follicles
and ovulation during pregnancy
If fertilisation does not occur, the corpus luteum will
degenerate.
The levels of progesterone and oestrogen will decrease and
causes the endometrium of the uterus to break. The
menstruation cycle starts again
 Question 2
(b) [10] While the zygote moves down the Fallopian tube, it divides
repeatedly through mitosis
At first, the zygote undergoes mitosis to form a zygote with two
cells, and then the two cells continue to divide to form a zygote
with four cells
Subsequently, mitosis occurs to form a zygote with eight cells,
sixteen cells and finally a zygote with a few hundred cells
When the zygote reaches the uterus it formed a solid ball with
hundreds of cells, called morula.
Morula will continue to grow until it forms a fluid-filled sphere
called blastocyst.
The blastocyst consists of an outer layer of cells and an inner cell
mass
The outer layer of cells will later develop into a placenta and the
inner cell mass will develop to form an embryo
About seven days after fertilisation, the blastocyst is fully formed
and will attaches itself to the endometrium of the uterus and is
embedded in it
This process is called implantation
 Essay Question

Discuss the following during the three stages:

(i) Hormone and its glands
(ii) Follicle development
(iii) Thickness of endometrium
[10 marks]
 Essay Question

Describe the early development of a zygote until

it is implanted in the endometrium.
[10 marks]