Recipes For Trigonometric Product Integrals

A. Guidelines for ‡ sinm x cosn x dx B. Guidelines for ‡ tanm x secn x dx

H1L If m is ODD H1L If m is ODD

HaL separate a sin x dx HaL separate a sec x tan x dx
HbL substitute remaining sin2 x HbL substitute remaining tan2 x
with sin2 x = 1 − cos2 x with tan2 x = sec2 x − 1
HcL choose u = cos x and HcL choose u = sec x and
du = −sin x dx du = sec x tan x dx

H2L If n is ODD H2L If n is EVEN

HaL separate a cos x dx HaL separate a sec2 x dx
HbL substitute remaining cos2 x HbL substitute remaining sec2 x
with cos2 x = 1 − sin2 x with sec2 x = 1 + tan2 x
HcL choose u = sin x and HcL choose u = tan x and
du = cos x dx du = sec2 x dx

H3L If m and n are both EVEN H3L If m is EVEN and n is ODD

HaL Use sin2 x = H1 − cos 2 xL or HaL Tough call,

1
2
H1 + cos 2 xL to
1
cos2 x = Integrate by Parts?
2
1
reduce the powers by
2

C. Guidelines for ‡ cotm x cscn x dx

H1L If m is ODD
HaL separate a csc x cot x dx
HbL substitute remaining cot2 x
with cot2 x = csc2 x − 1
HcL choose u = csc x and
du = −csc x cot x dx

H2L If n is EVEN
HaL separate a csc2 x dx
HbL substitute remaining csc2 x
with csc2 x = 1 + cot2 x
HcL choose u = cot x and
du = −csc2 x dx

H3L If m is EVEN and n is ODD

HaL Tough call, Integrate by Parts?