1

d
e
3
 4
dendron
Cell body
axon
 5

f
 6

Node of Ranvier

White fat from

Schwann cell
 7

axon

Myelin sheath:
Faster nerve
impulse,
Protection,
Insulation
 8
Sensory
Sensory neurone
neurone

Relay
Relay neurone
neurone

Motor
Motor neurone
neurone
1

CNS

2
 9
1

2
 10

Cell
body
11
 12
Facilitated diffusion Na-K pump
 13

d
 b

-ve

c
 Action Potential: 14

change of membrane permeability to Na & K

channel opens =
permeability increases
 15

K
Na 
(Na influx) K 
Na=0
(K
outflux)

K 
Na=0
K K
(too much
Na=0 Na=0
K outflux)
(K (K
outflux) outflux)
K 16
K 
Na 
Na=0
repolarization
depolarization

K  ,Na=0

hyperpolarization

polarization
K
Na=0
K
Na=0
 17
Na per>>K per

K per
>>Na per

potential K per>Na per K per>

difference Na per
Na per K per
 18




 freq. only
 19

Wave of
negativity
along
axon
surface
 20

polarization

p.d repolari
zation

depolarization

Pump out Na &

prepare for next
impulse
21
 22

1.
1. Axon
Axon Diameter
Diameter (thicker
(thicker >>
faster)
faster)
2.
2. Myelin
Myelin Sheath
Sheath (faster)
(faster)
3.
3. Temperature
Temperature (higher
(higher >> faster)
faster)
 23

presynaptic

postsynaptic

presynaptic
 24

Nucleus
of cell Cell
body body

Synaptic
knob

axon
 25

Synaptic
vesicle

Synaptic
knob mitochondria

Presynaptic
membrane

Synaptic
cleft
Postsynaptic
membrane
 26

depolarization
a
presynaptic

b
c

d) Na influx, postsynaptic
depolarizarion
27
28
a b 29

c d

e f
 30

1.Ensure
1.Ensure impulse
impulse to
to pass
pass in
in one
one
direction
direction
2.Prevent
2.Prevent damage
damage ofof effectors
effectors
due
due to
to over
over stimulation
stimulation
3.Act
3.Act as
as junctions
junctions for
for dividing
dividing
up
up and
and merging
merging ofof neurones
neurones
31